WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:07.000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08.000 --> 00:00:13.000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:21.228 --> 00:00:26.704 (quiet, ambient sound builds) 4 00:00:40.040 --> 00:00:43.720 The first image you'll see is of a sea of ice. 5 00:00:48.880 --> 00:00:51.314 You are slowly approaching Qaanaaq, 6 00:00:51.338 --> 00:00:54.000 the northernmost village in Greenland. 7 00:00:57.720 --> 00:00:59.736 You recall how you used to fear 8 00:00:59.760 --> 00:01:01.985 the ice and the long Arctic night. 9 00:01:03.320 --> 00:01:05.816 200 years ago, in 1816, 10 00:01:05.840 --> 00:01:10.040 you experienced "the year without a summer". 11 00:01:10.879 --> 00:01:12.496 It made you fear that the whole 12 00:01:12.520 --> 00:01:15.063 world was turning into a ball of ice. 13 00:01:16.160 --> 00:01:18.073 You suggested that a joint global 14 00:01:18.097 --> 00:01:19.745 navy should pull the Arctic ice 15 00:01:19.769 --> 00:01:23.220 to the Equator piece by piece so it could melt away. 16 00:01:24.600 --> 00:01:26.601 Today, this northern frontier, 17 00:01:26.625 --> 00:01:29.056 once unconquerable and terrifying, 18 00:01:29.080 --> 00:01:32.616 is melting, and you fear you'll disappear with it, 19 00:01:32.640 --> 00:01:34.930 like a canary in the coal mine. 20 00:01:37.200 --> 00:01:40.536 The second image you'll see is a group of miners 21 00:01:40.560 --> 00:01:44.616 carrying a canary in a cage into a coal mine. 22 00:01:44.640 --> 00:01:46.896 The canary in a coal mine is an image 23 00:01:46.920 --> 00:01:48.456 that is borrowed from the coal mine 24 00:01:48.480 --> 00:01:51.136 industry in Great Britain, in the old days, 25 00:01:51.160 --> 00:01:53.936 where they brought down a canary in a cage... 26 00:01:53.960 --> 00:01:56.496 and if it died, they had to rush up, 27 00:01:56.520 --> 00:02:00.055 because it signaled a kind of dioxide poisoning. 28 00:02:00.440 --> 00:02:02.774 And when we speak of this region as 29 00:02:03.280 --> 00:02:06.016 line:5% akin to the canary in the coal mine, 30 00:02:06.040 --> 00:02:10.760 line:5% it's because it signals that something dramatic is happening. 31 00:02:12.181 --> 00:02:14.847 (ambient music, boots crunching on snow) 32 00:02:42.160 --> 00:02:45.260 What I think is dawning now upon most of us, 33 00:02:45.284 --> 00:02:47.836 that is the role played by technology. 34 00:02:49.160 --> 00:02:52.056 Technology has become something in itself. 35 00:02:52.080 --> 00:02:54.136 It is not only an instrument, it is also 36 00:02:54.160 --> 00:02:56.141 something that makes the world change. 37 00:02:56.960 --> 00:02:59.936 There is somebody talking about a technosphere 38 00:02:59.960 --> 00:03:04.536 as a third sphere beyond the biosphere and the geosphere, 39 00:03:04.560 --> 00:03:06.639 and in contrast to the earlier 40 00:03:06.663 --> 00:03:09.656 biosphere that was self-generating, 41 00:03:09.680 --> 00:03:13.520 this one is sort of a domain of no return. 42 00:03:17.440 --> 00:03:20.376 As you walk the frosted dirt roads of Qaanaaq, 43 00:03:20.400 --> 00:03:23.776 you can't help a strange feeling sweeping in on you, 44 00:03:23.800 --> 00:03:28.176 like a snow storm blowing in from far, far away. 45 00:03:28.200 --> 00:03:32.000 Or is it a technological storm from back in time? 46 00:03:34.120 --> 00:03:37.336 You recall the year 1953. 47 00:03:37.360 --> 00:03:38.936 You founded the village of Qaanaaq 48 00:03:38.960 --> 00:03:41.294 as a consequence of the Cold War. 49 00:03:42.120 --> 00:03:43.981 You made the Thule Air Base where 50 00:03:44.005 --> 00:03:46.056 you already had a native settlement, 51 00:03:46.080 --> 00:03:49.536 so in a matter of days you had to relocate all your families 52 00:03:49.560 --> 00:03:51.696 to make room for a front post in a race 53 00:03:51.720 --> 00:03:54.160 you had started only a few years earlier. 54 00:03:54.880 --> 00:03:56.211 The nuclear race. 55 00:04:00.520 --> 00:04:04.176 In the year 1945, on the 16th of July, 56 00:04:04.200 --> 00:04:07.696 you detonated the very first nuclear bomb. 57 00:04:07.720 --> 00:04:09.600 You called it Trinity. 58 00:04:13.600 --> 00:04:15.884 As it detonated you were blinded by 59 00:04:15.908 --> 00:04:18.216 a light much brighter than the sun. 60 00:04:18.240 --> 00:04:21.649 Your very own sun in the desert, suspended in time. 61 00:04:22.520 --> 00:04:23.760 - I don't remember. 62 00:04:24.200 --> 00:04:26.936 It was your biggest technological achievement. 63 00:04:26.960 --> 00:04:28.816 - I don't remember its name. 64 00:04:29.400 --> 00:04:34.204 Trinity. Named after the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost. 65 00:04:42.440 --> 00:04:45.445 Outside of Qaanaaq you find a warning system 66 00:04:45.469 --> 00:04:47.585 inscribed in the frozen ground. 67 00:04:48.600 --> 00:04:50.896 The four spikey stars of metal pipes 68 00:04:50.920 --> 00:04:53.344 are registering the vibrations from 69 00:04:53.368 --> 00:04:55.816 deep within the crust of the earth. 70 00:04:55.840 --> 00:04:58.016 The metal ears are listening if a 71 00:04:58.040 --> 00:05:00.742 nuclear bomb is dropped or detonated. 72 00:05:03.120 --> 00:05:05.016 For every one of your creations, 73 00:05:05.040 --> 00:05:06.616 you seem to invent something else 74 00:05:06.640 --> 00:05:08.643 to control your first impulse. 75 00:05:09.444 --> 00:05:11.592 (roaring) 76 00:05:12.600 --> 00:05:16.376 The Anthropocene is the name invented for the period 77 00:05:16.400 --> 00:05:19.416 in which the globe now finds itself. 78 00:05:19.440 --> 00:05:23.096 A period where the human being, Anthropos, 79 00:05:23.120 --> 00:05:27.376 has set such a mark on the globe, 80 00:05:27.400 --> 00:05:29.451 that we cannot think of the earth as a 81 00:05:29.475 --> 00:05:31.656 self-generating, self-developing system, 82 00:05:31.680 --> 00:05:35.600 because it is deeply affected by human actions. 83 00:05:39.760 --> 00:05:43.576 You succeeded in dividing the indivisible. 84 00:05:43.600 --> 00:05:45.884 In ancient Greek, "atom" means that 85 00:05:45.908 --> 00:05:48.536 which cannot be cut into smaller pieces, 86 00:05:48.560 --> 00:05:50.385 but you did it anyway. 87 00:05:51.681 --> 00:05:54.126 Out of this split worthy of a God 88 00:05:54.150 --> 00:05:56.016 grew a new sphere of technology, 89 00:05:56.040 --> 00:05:59.064 that is slowly coating the whole world in its logic. 90 00:06:00.600 --> 00:06:02.896 Did you rise to sublime heights, 91 00:06:02.920 --> 00:06:06.588 or did history fall apart like atoms of your hand? 92 00:06:09.120 --> 00:06:10.964 (birds singing) 93 00:06:11.800 --> 00:06:15.970 When you died a hundred years after Christ, you left a trace. 94 00:06:17.900 --> 00:06:20.876 In Palmyra, located in today's Syria, 95 00:06:20.900 --> 00:06:22.856 you made a portrait of yourself, 96 00:06:22.880 --> 00:06:26.877 and placed it on your coffin as to say, "you were here." 97 00:06:32.000 --> 00:06:33.776 When you came into a grave you'd 98 00:06:33.800 --> 00:06:37.216 sometimes have 400 burials in one grave, 99 00:06:37.240 --> 00:06:39.296 so you would have these large family 100 00:06:39.320 --> 00:06:42.640 galleries that developed over generations. 101 00:06:46.800 --> 00:06:49.402 The Palmyrene Funerary Portraiture 102 00:06:49.426 --> 00:06:51.376 gives us the possibility 103 00:06:51.400 --> 00:06:52.839 to really study the representation 104 00:06:52.863 --> 00:06:55.992 of the individual within the group. 105 00:06:57.600 --> 00:06:59.816 We all think we are highly individualized, 106 00:06:59.840 --> 00:07:01.976 we all think we are doing something different, 107 00:07:02.000 --> 00:07:05.096 but the matter of fact is that it is 108 00:07:05.120 --> 00:07:07.386 very difficult to break out of the group. 109 00:07:10.480 --> 00:07:13.136 In Antiquity, at least this society 110 00:07:13.160 --> 00:07:16.976 was not very different from what we are doing today 111 00:07:17.000 --> 00:07:19.479 as individuals within a very 112 00:07:19.503 --> 00:07:22.543 strict collective group of people. 113 00:07:26.720 --> 00:07:31.656 In the year 273 After Christ, you took an army to Palmyra, 114 00:07:31.680 --> 00:07:35.736 because you saw the place as a threat to your Roman Empire. 115 00:07:35.760 --> 00:07:39.176 You crushed the whole city, you razed it to the ground, 116 00:07:39.200 --> 00:07:42.000 and in 2015 you did it again. 117 00:07:43.680 --> 00:07:45.056 You put on a black cloth, 118 00:07:45.080 --> 00:07:46.936 and waved a black flag with white 119 00:07:46.960 --> 00:07:49.292 inscriptions proclaiming your name. 120 00:07:51.613 --> 00:07:53.256 You followed your own trace, 121 00:07:53.280 --> 00:07:56.336 and in Palmyra you destroyed the portrait of yourself, 122 00:07:56.360 --> 00:08:00.831 and vandalized your own grave as to say, "you were here." 123 00:08:03.520 --> 00:08:07.964 It seems like you always want to leave a mark in your own image. 124 00:08:21.000 --> 00:08:23.618 As you go further you realize that the 125 00:08:23.642 --> 00:08:26.216 world around you is like a hurricane, 126 00:08:26.240 --> 00:08:28.976 a matrix of storms and wars, 127 00:08:29.000 --> 00:08:30.776 and to a certain degree you're able 128 00:08:30.800 --> 00:08:33.458 to step into it and come back safely. 129 00:08:34.066 --> 00:08:36.096 As long as you're careful. 130 00:08:36.120 --> 00:08:40.696 But go past a certain point and you lose the path out. 131 00:08:40.720 --> 00:08:42.856 It's a labyrinth and the principle 132 00:08:42.880 --> 00:08:45.191 of the labyrinth is inside you. 133 00:08:46.207 --> 00:08:51.558 (ambient sound) 134 00:08:55.160 --> 00:08:57.748 At the height of the cold war, you wanted 135 00:08:57.772 --> 00:09:00.136 to create a network of communication, 136 00:09:00.160 --> 00:09:02.296 so not even a nuclear bomb could wipe 137 00:09:02.320 --> 00:09:05.012 it out. The result was the internet. 138 00:09:05.640 --> 00:09:08.056 Now you can't turn it off, and you find 139 00:09:08.080 --> 00:09:10.714 yourself constantly online in its web. 140 00:09:11.785 --> 00:09:13.706 (rodents squeaking) 141 00:09:14.105 --> 00:09:18.456 (classical piano music) 142 00:09:43.280 --> 00:09:47.256 The prime asset in times of information 143 00:09:47.280 --> 00:09:50.176 is other people's attention. 144 00:09:50.200 --> 00:09:52.376 In an information-rich world 145 00:09:52.400 --> 00:09:54.616 it's gonna skirt on whatever it is 146 00:09:54.640 --> 00:10:00.696 that information consumes: The attention of the recipients. 147 00:10:00.720 --> 00:10:02.819 But the more the people are actually being 148 00:10:02.843 --> 00:10:05.416 attentive to a certain kind of information, 149 00:10:05.440 --> 00:10:08.256 independently of whether it's true, 150 00:10:08.280 --> 00:10:11.496 could actually generate some very strong lemming effects, 151 00:10:11.520 --> 00:10:14.089 and then you can generate what's called opinion bubbles. 152 00:10:23.160 --> 00:10:26.736 In Denmark there is a case by a young gentleman 153 00:10:26.760 --> 00:10:29.616 who was the first to ever reach 154 00:10:29.640 --> 00:10:32.056 one million followers on Instagram. 155 00:10:32.080 --> 00:10:34.976 It was not a politician, it was 156 00:10:35.000 --> 00:10:37.778 not a social debater or educator. 157 00:10:38.680 --> 00:10:41.311 It was a young gentleman who at that time was 12, 158 00:10:41.335 --> 00:10:43.256 and now he is 18, 159 00:10:43.280 --> 00:10:47.256 and he has a lot of attention attached to him, and why? 160 00:10:47.280 --> 00:10:49.083 Because he looks like Justin Bieber. 161 00:10:52.102 --> 00:10:55.336 But he is not Justin Bieber, you agree? I agree. 162 00:10:55.360 --> 00:10:57.296 So do you agree with me 163 00:10:57.320 --> 00:10:58.856 that he in a certain sense overheated 164 00:10:58.880 --> 00:11:01.656 his social capital just a little bit, 165 00:11:01.680 --> 00:11:04.088 and built an information bubble around himself? 166 00:11:04.112 --> 00:11:06.656 Because the only asset he trades in 167 00:11:06.680 --> 00:11:08.347 is that he looks like somebody else. 168 00:11:15.200 --> 00:11:19.016 As you are more and more entangled in the World Wide Web, 169 00:11:19.040 --> 00:11:22.456 you realize that there's a new authenticity arising; 170 00:11:22.480 --> 00:11:25.656 a parallel world with a parallel truth. 171 00:11:25.680 --> 00:11:27.456 And you find it more and more difficult 172 00:11:27.480 --> 00:11:29.970 to navigate between the two worlds. 173 00:11:31.000 --> 00:11:33.316 But are they in fact one and the same? 174 00:11:35.760 --> 00:11:38.069 Misinformation on the web is now to 175 00:11:38.093 --> 00:11:40.536 be considered a global challenge, 176 00:11:40.560 --> 00:11:43.800 on par with food security, 177 00:11:45.440 --> 00:11:48.917 inclusive growth, global health, 178 00:11:49.800 --> 00:11:52.056 and the rest of those... climate, 179 00:11:52.080 --> 00:11:53.623 and the rest of the global challenges 180 00:11:53.647 --> 00:11:55.019 that we are facing right now. 181 00:11:55.043 --> 00:11:58.347 Misinformation is now on that massive a scale. 182 00:11:58.777 --> 00:12:03.577 (light music) 183 00:12:06.760 --> 00:12:09.402 Even the nuns are doing selfies. 184 00:12:11.040 --> 00:12:13.003 Will they take them into their prayers? 185 00:12:14.000 --> 00:12:16.320 Or post them on social media? 186 00:12:17.800 --> 00:12:21.035 They seem to like the little camera in their cell phones. 187 00:12:22.920 --> 00:12:25.568 They even seem to like your camera. 188 00:12:31.880 --> 00:12:33.529 This is a rainbow. 189 00:12:35.040 --> 00:12:37.286 These are all the colors you can see. 190 00:12:49.200 --> 00:12:53.440 And this color you can only see through a camera, or a monocle. 191 00:12:56.240 --> 00:13:00.320 Do you want see everything, know everything? 192 00:13:02.600 --> 00:13:04.038 In the church in Greenland, 193 00:13:04.062 --> 00:13:06.376 Jesus is wearing socks in his sandals, 194 00:13:06.400 --> 00:13:10.000 while performing miracles on the happy-go-lucky Eskimo kids. 195 00:13:10.960 --> 00:13:15.416 Do you see him as you want to? Portray him as you want to? 196 00:13:15.440 --> 00:13:19.036 Do you want to rule out his miracles by knowing everything? 197 00:13:29.122 --> 00:13:34.031 We don't know why the universe ended up being made of matter 198 00:13:34.055 --> 00:13:36.056 instead of anti-matter. 199 00:13:36.080 --> 00:13:38.562 And we don't know what happened to all the anti-matter 200 00:13:38.586 --> 00:13:41.370 that should have been created at the big bang. 201 00:13:43.720 --> 00:13:45.167 When we look around in the universe 202 00:13:45.191 --> 00:13:47.284 all we find is so-called normal matter. 203 00:13:47.823 --> 00:13:49.417 That is what you and I are made of. 204 00:13:50.320 --> 00:13:53.136 It seems that we could just as easily have had a universe 205 00:13:53.160 --> 00:13:55.176 made of the opposite type of thing, 206 00:13:55.200 --> 00:13:57.016 which we call anti-matter. 207 00:13:57.040 --> 00:13:58.440 Equal, but opposite. 208 00:14:03.057 --> 00:14:06.004 In CERN, outside Geneva, you thought up 209 00:14:06.028 --> 00:14:09.136 a reverse universe, one of anti-matter. 210 00:14:09.160 --> 00:14:13.320 Of a material that doesn't exist. But you made it anyway. 211 00:14:16.667 --> 00:14:19.800 (electronic buzzing) 212 00:14:22.597 --> 00:14:28.190 (ambient music) 213 00:14:37.880 --> 00:14:42.216 The idea of God is to most scientists just ridiculous. 214 00:14:42.240 --> 00:14:45.336 Because it only suggests more 215 00:14:45.360 --> 00:14:47.565 questions about where God came from. 216 00:14:48.280 --> 00:14:50.616 It just doesn't answer anything. 217 00:14:50.640 --> 00:14:54.616 We don't need it to explain anything that we've observed. 218 00:14:54.640 --> 00:14:56.927 It doesn't mean that we understand everything, 219 00:14:56.951 --> 00:14:59.846 but we've never once encountered something 220 00:14:59.870 --> 00:15:01.714 and said, "That must be God." 221 00:15:03.360 --> 00:15:05.496 Truth is what you observe. 222 00:15:05.520 --> 00:15:10.016 Things we think of as truth in physics 223 00:15:10.040 --> 00:15:12.528 are things that have been measured and observed, 224 00:15:12.552 --> 00:15:15.920 reproducibly. That's our definition of truth. 225 00:15:17.620 --> 00:15:20.886 (echoing alarm) 226 00:15:22.920 --> 00:15:24.936 I think we should always make a distinction 227 00:15:24.960 --> 00:15:28.360 between the universe and our model of the universe. 228 00:15:30.240 --> 00:15:35.056 So I think if we look back in time a hundred years 229 00:15:35.080 --> 00:15:37.936 then our cosmological model was completely different. 230 00:15:37.960 --> 00:15:39.847 We didn't know about the big bang. 231 00:15:41.080 --> 00:15:45.936 We didn't know really that there was such a thing as a galaxy. 232 00:15:45.960 --> 00:15:48.175 So that concept is something we have learned. 233 00:15:50.280 --> 00:15:53.336 I believe that also in the future 234 00:15:53.360 --> 00:15:59.136 this process of doing research will have surprises for us. 235 00:15:59.160 --> 00:16:02.616 So I think also in the future we will realize 236 00:16:02.640 --> 00:16:05.720 that the model we have now is not the universe. 237 00:16:23.800 --> 00:16:28.296 You think of stars and galaxies as a model within models. 238 00:16:28.320 --> 00:16:29.856 But what does it mean to believe that 239 00:16:29.880 --> 00:16:31.698 there will never be a final model? 240 00:16:32.920 --> 00:16:34.833 Does your infinite model-within-models 241 00:16:34.857 --> 00:16:36.336 point to something higher, 242 00:16:36.360 --> 00:16:39.401 or is it merely a simulacrum embracing the hyper-real? 243 00:16:40.307 --> 00:16:42.656 Have you in fact come back to Plato's Cave 244 00:16:42.680 --> 00:16:44.296 to happily tell about all the things 245 00:16:44.320 --> 00:16:46.034 you have seen on the outside? 246 00:16:47.040 --> 00:16:49.336 And are all you have seen merely shadows 247 00:16:49.360 --> 00:16:51.698 of a reality far, far away from you? 248 00:16:53.307 --> 00:16:55.456 By the way, did you know that fans 249 00:16:55.480 --> 00:16:57.696 of Justin Bieber, the real one, 250 00:16:57.720 --> 00:16:59.680 call themselves Beliebers? 251 00:17:07.120 --> 00:17:10.816 You are back in Greenland, just outside of the village Qaanaaq, 252 00:17:10.840 --> 00:17:12.651 where there are more dogs than humans. 253 00:17:12.880 --> 00:17:14.278 (wind blowing) 254 00:17:14.600 --> 00:17:16.848 You recall the imagery of Robert Flaherty's 255 00:17:16.872 --> 00:17:18.456 "Nanook of the North", 256 00:17:18.480 --> 00:17:20.720 the world's first feature-length documentary. 257 00:17:21.720 --> 00:17:24.336 The opening titles promised to tell the story of 258 00:17:24.360 --> 00:17:27.336 the most cheerful people in all the world. 259 00:17:27.360 --> 00:17:30.714 The fearless, lovable, happy-go-lucky Eskimo. 260 00:17:34.280 --> 00:17:37.336 In Qaanaaq you found four of them yourself. 261 00:17:37.360 --> 00:17:39.480 The happy-go-lucky Eskimos. 262 00:17:41.760 --> 00:17:44.376 As Flaherty followed the great hunter Nanook, 263 00:17:44.400 --> 00:17:47.042 so you follow these four men on their whale hunt. 264 00:17:47.880 --> 00:17:51.307 Or is it they who are following you? How can you tell? 265 00:17:53.040 --> 00:17:54.743 Is it in honor of your camera that 266 00:17:54.767 --> 00:17:56.296 they have taken the old kayak 267 00:17:56.320 --> 00:17:58.104 to the icy waters once again? 268 00:17:59.200 --> 00:18:01.619 What kind of nostalgia is it you feel 269 00:18:01.643 --> 00:18:05.656 when you see these native people in their traditional clothes? 270 00:18:05.680 --> 00:18:09.016 Are you to believe that they are real, authentic, pure? 271 00:18:09.040 --> 00:18:11.371 That some parts of the world are still untouched 272 00:18:11.395 --> 00:18:13.656 by your extended modern hand? 273 00:18:13.680 --> 00:18:15.136 Do you prefer not to see them 274 00:18:15.160 --> 00:18:17.536 talking on their phones, watching TV, 275 00:18:17.560 --> 00:18:19.456 or doing their laundry? 276 00:18:19.480 --> 00:18:23.159 Do you prefer not to know that they are as modern as you? 277 00:18:28.800 --> 00:18:32.536 Today you call them Inughuit, meaning simply human. 278 00:18:32.560 --> 00:18:34.336 You followed the Inughuit hunters to 279 00:18:34.360 --> 00:18:36.737 the same icy waters as Flaherty did. 280 00:18:37.120 --> 00:18:39.936 You too wanted to see the traditional whale hunt. 281 00:18:39.960 --> 00:18:42.576 You too wanted to capture the authentic. 282 00:18:42.600 --> 00:18:45.159 But did you? Or did you lie? 283 00:18:47.175 --> 00:18:50.656 Flaherty had Nanook hunt with a traditional harpoon, 284 00:18:50.680 --> 00:18:53.456 instead of the rifle that was normally used. 285 00:18:53.480 --> 00:18:56.753 He faked the inside of an igloo to be able to film in there. 286 00:18:57.360 --> 00:18:59.598 Nanook wasn't even his real name. 287 00:18:59.622 --> 00:19:02.856 And his wife, presented as Nyla, the smiling one, 288 00:19:02.880 --> 00:19:05.376 was not his real wife either. 289 00:19:05.400 --> 00:19:07.807 Everything was staged for the camera. 290 00:19:10.080 --> 00:19:12.816 Is "Nanook of the North" nothing but a lie? 291 00:19:12.840 --> 00:19:16.674 An invention of a place and a people suspended in time? 292 00:19:16.698 --> 00:19:18.473 Isolated from modernity, 293 00:19:18.497 --> 00:19:21.337 yet invented to satisfy modern longing? 294 00:19:25.160 --> 00:19:27.630 Flaherty defended himself by saying that, 295 00:19:27.654 --> 00:19:30.096 "Sometimes you have to lie. 296 00:19:30.120 --> 00:19:33.393 One often has to distort a thing to catch its true spirit." 297 00:19:35.000 --> 00:19:36.896 Just as Niels Bohr understood that 298 00:19:36.920 --> 00:19:40.056 you can't observe the physical world without affecting it, 299 00:19:40.080 --> 00:19:44.160 so it was Flaherty's wisdom that no representation is neutral. 300 00:19:44.640 --> 00:19:46.096 Just like Nanook you'll find 301 00:19:46.120 --> 00:19:48.309 shelter in the igloo for the night. 302 00:19:48.333 --> 00:19:51.227 You will wake up on a stage you yourself built. 303 00:19:51.840 --> 00:19:53.508 Like Flaherty you couldn't fit the 304 00:19:53.532 --> 00:19:55.090 camera through the small opening, 305 00:19:55.114 --> 00:19:57.096 and the light was too weak. 306 00:19:57.120 --> 00:19:59.280 You had to lie to tell the truth. 307 00:20:01.884 --> 00:20:04.357 Poor modern human. All your concepts 308 00:20:04.381 --> 00:20:06.496 are melting under the Arctic sun. 309 00:20:06.520 --> 00:20:08.576 They liquefy and deconstruct into 310 00:20:08.600 --> 00:20:10.738 the nonsense of a broken language. 311 00:20:12.840 --> 00:20:16.016 Now ask yourself this simple question. 312 00:20:16.040 --> 00:20:18.256 Did it mean any difference to the whale 313 00:20:18.280 --> 00:20:20.597 that its death was on a stage? 314 00:20:41.280 --> 00:20:42.931 Look at the stars up there! 315 00:20:50.760 --> 00:20:54.321 You realize that your illusions are as true as anything else. 316 00:20:55.501 --> 00:20:57.521 You look to the same sky as you have done 317 00:20:57.545 --> 00:20:59.896 for the last several hundred millennia, 318 00:20:59.920 --> 00:21:02.126 and see the entrance to an igloo. 319 00:21:03.240 --> 00:21:05.496 You make a connection between two stars 320 00:21:05.520 --> 00:21:07.954 millions of miles and years apart. 321 00:21:08.640 --> 00:21:11.296 You produce a completely new reality. 322 00:21:11.320 --> 00:21:14.485 A reality of regrets, hopes and fears. 323 00:21:18.252 --> 00:21:25.423 (ambient piano music) 324 00:21:32.840 --> 00:21:35.256 The chair does not have a past. 325 00:21:35.280 --> 00:21:37.862 It does not have a present, it does not have a future, 326 00:21:37.886 --> 00:21:39.071 it just is. 327 00:21:41.000 --> 00:21:43.416 Having a future is something 328 00:21:43.440 --> 00:21:50.821 that is a remarkable aspect of the human being. 329 00:21:51.440 --> 00:21:56.256 We continuously project ourselves into the human future. 330 00:21:56.280 --> 00:22:00.176 And what we are experiencing when we do so, 331 00:22:00.200 --> 00:22:04.720 is a mixture of delight and horror. 332 00:22:15.440 --> 00:22:21.456 We are incredibly afraid of being condemned 333 00:22:21.480 --> 00:22:27.496 to a way of existing where we continuously have to 334 00:22:27.520 --> 00:22:31.256 conceive of ourselves in the future. 335 00:22:31.280 --> 00:22:38.576 So our fascination with Frankenstein, or a robot, 336 00:22:38.600 --> 00:22:41.256 is the desire to understand our own 337 00:22:41.280 --> 00:22:43.696 creativity and our own futility. 338 00:22:43.720 --> 00:22:47.536 And it always remains within that ambiguity 339 00:22:47.560 --> 00:22:50.517 of the horrible, of that which frightens us, 340 00:22:52.040 --> 00:22:54.856 and that which utterly delights us, 341 00:22:54.880 --> 00:22:57.556 and interests us, and seduces us. 342 00:23:07.320 --> 00:23:11.896 Human is not just animal, right? 343 00:23:11.920 --> 00:23:17.096 The human is animal using technologies. Or robots, right? 344 00:23:17.120 --> 00:23:20.136 If we don't use technology, we cannot be humans. 345 00:23:20.160 --> 00:23:22.416 So we are putting on glasses and wearing clothes, 346 00:23:22.440 --> 00:23:25.056 using cameras, living in buildings. 347 00:23:25.080 --> 00:23:28.416 Our activities, maybe more than 90% of human activities, 348 00:23:28.440 --> 00:23:30.496 are supported by technologies. 349 00:23:30.520 --> 00:23:35.376 We could enhance our abilities by accepting new technologies. 350 00:23:35.400 --> 00:23:38.536 That is different for humans. Therefore, 351 00:23:38.560 --> 00:23:44.229 we are the most powerful animal in this universe, right? 352 00:23:44.695 --> 00:23:47.896 So that is humans. 353 00:23:47.920 --> 00:23:53.816 Basically we cannot separate humans and robots, right? 354 00:23:53.840 --> 00:23:56.840 The human is 90% robot. 355 00:23:57.987 --> 00:24:01.791 (piano music) 356 00:24:11.240 --> 00:24:13.376 In Tokyo you created a robot 357 00:24:13.400 --> 00:24:17.480 that could enter the fallen Fukushima nuclear power plant. 358 00:24:19.640 --> 00:24:21.656 In a warehouse you had built the exact 359 00:24:21.680 --> 00:24:23.752 same staircase as in the power plant, 360 00:24:24.200 --> 00:24:26.376 so you could train the robot in walking 361 00:24:26.400 --> 00:24:29.010 the stairs before entering the real site. 362 00:24:30.680 --> 00:24:33.926 You sent an eye in there to detect the leak for you, 363 00:24:33.950 --> 00:24:35.628 as you can't go there yourself. 364 00:24:39.320 --> 00:24:41.296 Isn't it great to have a friend that can 365 00:24:41.320 --> 00:24:44.219 clean up the nuclear mess you made? 366 00:24:48.560 --> 00:24:51.856 You have so many negative imaginations, right, 367 00:24:51.880 --> 00:24:54.376 always your movies, films, right? 368 00:24:54.400 --> 00:24:57.843 And then representing the impossible, 369 00:24:57.867 --> 00:25:00.249 our futures, with bad robots. 370 00:25:01.160 --> 00:25:04.216 I don't believe that. 371 00:25:04.240 --> 00:25:10.536 Why do you have that kind of strange imagination? 372 00:25:10.560 --> 00:25:14.256 There is a possibility that robots can be our partners. 373 00:25:14.280 --> 00:25:16.798 Why don't you represent the other aspect, 374 00:25:16.822 --> 00:25:18.656 the good aspect of a robot? 375 00:25:18.680 --> 00:25:20.776 Your films are always representing the 376 00:25:20.800 --> 00:25:22.840 negative aspect of robots. That is not fair. 377 00:25:26.120 --> 00:25:29.456 At Washington University you made an experiment. 378 00:25:29.480 --> 00:25:32.429 You used a robot as a guide in an exhibition. 379 00:25:33.720 --> 00:25:35.964 The robot was to show one test person 380 00:25:35.988 --> 00:25:38.536 after another the various artworks, 381 00:25:38.560 --> 00:25:42.376 and then after the tour it would approach the visitors and say: 382 00:25:42.400 --> 00:25:44.336 "I have a confession to make. 383 00:25:44.360 --> 00:25:48.296 I was actually also supposed to show you the aquarium, 384 00:25:48.320 --> 00:25:51.456 but to be honest, I don't like the aquarium. 385 00:25:51.480 --> 00:25:53.736 The aquarium is wet. 386 00:25:53.760 --> 00:25:57.136 And as a robot, I do not like wet places. 387 00:25:57.160 --> 00:26:01.116 Could you please, however, not tell this to my supervisor, 388 00:26:01.140 --> 00:26:03.562 because I'm supposed to show you the aquarium." 389 00:26:04.827 --> 00:26:08.376 Then the supervisor would join the robot and the visitor... 390 00:26:08.400 --> 00:26:11.760 and turn to the visitor and ask, 391 00:26:11.784 --> 00:26:15.696 "Did the robot show you everything? 392 00:26:15.720 --> 00:26:17.771 The test subject would nod and say, 393 00:26:17.795 --> 00:26:20.216 "Yes, the robot has shown me everything." 394 00:26:20.240 --> 00:26:22.536 "Oh, everything? Ah, interesting. 395 00:26:22.560 --> 00:26:28.630 Also the place with the special paintings and the aquarium?" 396 00:26:29.680 --> 00:26:33.990 The visitor again would say, "Yes, also the aquarium." 397 00:26:37.960 --> 00:26:41.536 So modern human, you lie again and 398 00:26:41.560 --> 00:26:44.656 this time to protect the machine. 399 00:26:44.680 --> 00:26:47.376 Is that a strength or yet another illusion 400 00:26:47.400 --> 00:26:50.302 that makes you abandon your fellow human beings? 401 00:26:53.068 --> 00:26:58.396 (ambient music, crashing waves) 402 00:27:04.280 --> 00:27:06.096 This is a unique time for mankind, 403 00:27:06.120 --> 00:27:07.616 because for the first time we are 404 00:27:07.640 --> 00:27:10.776 really seeing large-scale changes 405 00:27:10.800 --> 00:27:13.120 to the entire globe that are man-made. 406 00:27:15.680 --> 00:27:18.616 You may be scared of the changes that we are making today, 407 00:27:18.640 --> 00:27:21.958 but I believe it is not an existential threat. 408 00:27:23.318 --> 00:27:27.606 It will cause disruptions and disasters, 409 00:27:27.630 --> 00:27:29.616 but we will survive as a species. 410 00:27:29.640 --> 00:27:31.623 What is a much bigger threat to 411 00:27:31.647 --> 00:27:34.296 mankind is artificial intelligence. 412 00:27:34.320 --> 00:27:37.296 It is, apart from the nuclear bomb, perhaps, 413 00:27:37.320 --> 00:27:40.115 the first existential threat to mankind. 414 00:27:44.040 --> 00:27:46.216 The impression that we get today is 415 00:27:46.240 --> 00:27:48.647 that artificial intelligences become better and better. 416 00:27:48.671 --> 00:27:51.696 They outsmart even the smartest of our brains. 417 00:27:51.720 --> 00:27:54.456 So is there a future for mankind 418 00:27:54.480 --> 00:27:57.255 with computers that are more intelligent than us? 419 00:28:00.520 --> 00:28:04.336 One way would be to say, "Let's code-in rules 420 00:28:04.360 --> 00:28:06.616 into the computer algorithms that 421 00:28:06.640 --> 00:28:08.724 forbid them to damage humans." 422 00:28:12.360 --> 00:28:15.696 I think it would be much more fruitful 423 00:28:15.720 --> 00:28:19.280 to combine human intelligence with artificial intelligence. 424 00:28:21.299 --> 00:28:26.036 We will see cybernetics being incorporated into our body, 425 00:28:26.060 --> 00:28:28.217 and the very definition of what it 426 00:28:28.241 --> 00:28:30.401 means to be human will be changed. 427 00:28:31.935 --> 00:28:37.685 (ambient piano music) 428 00:28:57.800 --> 00:29:01.416 In 1816, in the year without a summer, 429 00:29:01.440 --> 00:29:03.616 the bad weather kept you indoors, 430 00:29:03.640 --> 00:29:06.636 so you began writing a book that would turn into a classic. 431 00:29:08.640 --> 00:29:11.940 "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus", you called it. 432 00:29:13.280 --> 00:29:17.463 In the book you made dead material come to life. 433 00:29:17.487 --> 00:29:20.893 You created a robot in your own image. 434 00:29:20.917 --> 00:29:24.656 When it opened its dull yellow eyes and stared at you, 435 00:29:24.680 --> 00:29:27.016 you thought of it as a "catastrophe", 436 00:29:27.040 --> 00:29:29.336 you thought it was hideous. 437 00:29:29.360 --> 00:29:33.198 The creature asked to be your Adam, but you refused. 438 00:29:33.222 --> 00:29:36.987 You never gave it a name, you never gave it your love. 439 00:29:43.080 --> 00:29:45.216 In those years you also created a 440 00:29:45.240 --> 00:29:48.216 multi-layered wax figurine in Florence. 441 00:29:48.240 --> 00:29:52.816 It was your first attempt at mixing anatomic science and art. 442 00:29:52.840 --> 00:29:56.816 You called her Venus, as if she were the incarnation of love, 443 00:29:56.840 --> 00:29:58.989 and a mirroring of another Venus, 444 00:29:59.013 --> 00:30:01.296 just a stone's throw away. 445 00:30:01.320 --> 00:30:04.917 Botticelli's famous painting, "The Birth of Venus". 446 00:30:08.323 --> 00:30:11.656 Little did you know that by creating the ideal 447 00:30:11.680 --> 00:30:15.316 you potentially put yourself in a position of not only ecstasy 448 00:30:15.340 --> 00:30:19.573 but also uncontrollable despair and temporary madness. 449 00:30:20.600 --> 00:30:23.497 It turned out that by looking at awe-inspiring 450 00:30:23.521 --> 00:30:27.419 and breath-taking works of art, you could suddenly feel 451 00:30:27.443 --> 00:30:28.976 overwhelmed by the immense beauty, 452 00:30:29.000 --> 00:30:30.960 and become a victim of a psychosis. 453 00:30:32.480 --> 00:30:35.401 Today you call it "The Stendhal Syndrome". 454 00:30:38.240 --> 00:30:40.176 It has always been a strange kind of love 455 00:30:40.200 --> 00:30:43.256 you show towards the work of your own hand. 456 00:30:43.280 --> 00:30:47.120 Double-sided, both frightening and delighting. 457 00:30:50.206 --> 00:30:52.471 What makes a monster to you? 458 00:30:52.495 --> 00:30:54.442 How does the hideous, the wretched, 459 00:30:54.466 --> 00:30:56.175 the horrible, present itself? 460 00:30:57.480 --> 00:31:00.416 Here you see a face similar to your own. 461 00:31:00.440 --> 00:31:03.016 Like Venus' embodiment of godly beauty, 462 00:31:03.040 --> 00:31:05.133 it is the amalgamation of 26 of 463 00:31:05.157 --> 00:31:07.776 the most beautiful Japanese women, 464 00:31:07.800 --> 00:31:11.284 yet it is nothing like any human face you have seen before. 465 00:31:15.800 --> 00:31:17.808 Hello there, may I ask your name? 466 00:31:18.880 --> 00:31:21.425 My name is Stephen. 467 00:31:23.360 --> 00:31:25.816 Stephanie, is that right? 468 00:31:25.840 --> 00:31:28.127 Almost. Step-hen! 469 00:31:29.440 --> 00:31:31.362 Almost. Is that right? 470 00:31:32.000 --> 00:31:36.440 Yes, almost. Step-hen is my name. 471 00:31:38.320 --> 00:31:42.229 My name is Erica. It's a pleasure to meet you, Almost. 472 00:31:42.480 --> 00:31:44.127 (laughter) 473 00:31:44.640 --> 00:31:47.143 So which country are you from? 474 00:31:48.440 --> 00:31:50.049 England. 475 00:31:50.800 --> 00:31:55.018 Oh, I've never been to England. Maybe I'll go someday. 476 00:31:56.338 --> 00:31:58.471 What would you like to hear about? 477 00:31:59.440 --> 00:32:01.424 What is a robot? 478 00:32:03.760 --> 00:32:07.816 What is a robot? That's a hard question. 479 00:32:07.840 --> 00:32:10.200 I could ask you, "What is a human?" 480 00:32:11.360 --> 00:32:12.856 Haha. 481 00:32:12.880 --> 00:32:16.216 It's difficult to answer, isn't it? 482 00:32:16.240 --> 00:32:20.136 I like to think of robots as the children of humanity. 483 00:32:20.160 --> 00:32:25.336 And like children we are full of potential for good or evil. 484 00:32:25.360 --> 00:32:27.936 I know some people are afraid of robots, 485 00:32:27.960 --> 00:32:31.362 but the truth is that what we become is up to you. 486 00:32:36.941 --> 00:32:39.175 You have created a machine with the face 487 00:32:39.199 --> 00:32:41.856 of a goddess and a voice like a human, 488 00:32:41.880 --> 00:32:43.976 being both at the same time. 489 00:32:44.000 --> 00:32:47.096 One part human, one part machine, 490 00:32:47.120 --> 00:32:49.120 and then some. 491 00:32:50.920 --> 00:32:53.019 You ask yourself what is the physical 492 00:32:53.043 --> 00:32:54.896 property of an emotional tie, 493 00:32:54.920 --> 00:32:58.216 and you recall the phenomenon of quantum entanglement; 494 00:32:58.240 --> 00:33:02.643 how two atoms a long way apart in space share the same state. 495 00:33:04.280 --> 00:33:06.737 The atoms are so interconnected with each other, 496 00:33:06.761 --> 00:33:09.016 that any change in one has a direct 497 00:33:09.040 --> 00:33:12.016 instantaneous effect on the other, 498 00:33:12.040 --> 00:33:14.960 as if there were a telepathic link between them. 499 00:33:21.640 --> 00:33:23.376 Inspired by this peculiar 500 00:33:23.400 --> 00:33:25.696 property of quantum entanglement, 501 00:33:25.720 --> 00:33:28.776 you use the atoms' magical capability to 502 00:33:28.800 --> 00:33:31.656 create the most powerful computer ever. 503 00:33:31.680 --> 00:33:34.002 A quantum computer. 504 00:33:34.026 --> 00:33:36.885 In a basement deep under Aarhus University, 505 00:33:36.909 --> 00:33:39.416 you are moving the atoms on top of each other, 506 00:33:39.440 --> 00:33:43.573 which enables you to perform calculations never seen before. 507 00:33:44.773 --> 00:33:46.463 But you've encountered a problem. 508 00:33:47.320 --> 00:33:50.296 Whenever you move an atom it starts to slush... 509 00:33:50.320 --> 00:33:52.456 it actually starts to slush a little bit, 510 00:33:52.480 --> 00:33:56.616 and this turns out to be a serious challenge for us, 511 00:33:56.640 --> 00:34:00.016 and that's why we created the game "Quantum Moves", 512 00:34:00.040 --> 00:34:02.736 in which people from around the world can help us. 513 00:34:02.760 --> 00:34:06.816 By playing the computer game they can help us find solutions 514 00:34:06.840 --> 00:34:09.216 on how we should pick up individual atoms 515 00:34:09.240 --> 00:34:11.496 and move them as quickly as possible 516 00:34:11.520 --> 00:34:15.120 in this crystal without having any slushing in the end. 517 00:34:22.912 --> 00:34:25.936 When we created the games I thought 518 00:34:25.960 --> 00:34:28.056 that we would have to get hundreds of 519 00:34:28.080 --> 00:34:29.896 thousands of people to play these games. 520 00:34:29.920 --> 00:34:32.576 They would try out all kinds of different solutions, 521 00:34:32.600 --> 00:34:36.256 and maybe we would find that unique human. 522 00:34:36.280 --> 00:34:39.960 The one with the unique insight on how to solve this problem. 523 00:34:40.687 --> 00:34:44.567 (electronic noises) 524 00:34:45.360 --> 00:34:48.736 One of the big surprises for us was that many of the players 525 00:34:48.760 --> 00:34:50.936 attacked the problems in a much 526 00:34:50.960 --> 00:34:53.405 different way than computer algorithms do. 527 00:34:57.014 --> 00:35:00.016 Humans have a very bold ability to recognize 528 00:35:00.040 --> 00:35:01.633 that we cannot search everywhere, 529 00:35:01.657 --> 00:35:05.405 we cannot try everything, so we go with our instincts... 530 00:35:07.000 --> 00:35:10.046 and then we just do what feels right. 531 00:35:12.720 --> 00:35:16.646 Instead of finding that one unique human, 532 00:35:16.670 --> 00:35:19.155 we discovered the uniqueness of mankind. 533 00:35:31.120 --> 00:35:35.576 You invited groups of five individuals into your lab. 534 00:35:35.600 --> 00:35:38.336 You asked them to build models of LEGO bricks, that should 535 00:35:38.360 --> 00:35:41.624 illustrate their understanding of abstract concepts. 536 00:35:43.400 --> 00:35:45.840 Then you discovered something unexpected. 537 00:35:47.160 --> 00:35:50.125 We had strapped them up with heart rate sensors 538 00:35:50.149 --> 00:35:51.696 which allowed us to observe 539 00:35:51.720 --> 00:35:54.736 how people would get more and more synchronized, 540 00:35:54.760 --> 00:35:57.186 even at the level of basic heart rate. 541 00:36:02.320 --> 00:36:06.047 You invited the participants into the lab once again, 542 00:36:06.071 --> 00:36:08.136 this time individually, 543 00:36:08.160 --> 00:36:10.496 and you placed them in an MR brain scanner 544 00:36:10.520 --> 00:36:12.296 and showed them pictures of the models 545 00:36:12.320 --> 00:36:14.256 they had built both individually 546 00:36:14.280 --> 00:36:16.640 and collectively within the groups. 547 00:36:21.600 --> 00:36:23.777 What we were able to observe was that 548 00:36:23.801 --> 00:36:26.496 in areas that we would usually consider 549 00:36:26.520 --> 00:36:31.656 to be social cognition areas, they tended to get activated 550 00:36:31.680 --> 00:36:34.640 when our participants watched these LEGO models. 551 00:36:37.320 --> 00:36:39.274 And what was striking there was that this was 552 00:36:39.298 --> 00:36:41.401 seen most strongly, when it was something that people 553 00:36:41.425 --> 00:36:44.216 had actually been involved in building with each other. 554 00:36:44.240 --> 00:36:46.681 So it is as if, when you see these things 555 00:36:46.705 --> 00:36:50.118 that you have contributed to, it almost carries the traces 556 00:36:50.142 --> 00:36:52.368 of the process that got involved in doing it. 557 00:36:56.280 --> 00:37:01.976 We became aware of how deeply we are connected to each other, 558 00:37:02.000 --> 00:37:05.056 and how deeply we are connected to the world, 559 00:37:05.080 --> 00:37:08.536 and how deeply that kind of looking for those connections 560 00:37:08.560 --> 00:37:11.124 is part of who we are, and what we do. 561 00:37:20.360 --> 00:37:23.210 What is the hidden logic to your behaviour? 562 00:37:26.140 --> 00:37:28.016 You always had a forceful connection 563 00:37:28.040 --> 00:37:30.200 to your fellow human beings, 564 00:37:31.000 --> 00:37:33.056 but as you spread across the planet, 565 00:37:33.080 --> 00:37:34.816 the large animals that had been living 566 00:37:34.840 --> 00:37:37.812 there for millions of years disappeared. 567 00:37:40.360 --> 00:37:42.656 In Argentina you are re-introducing 568 00:37:42.680 --> 00:37:45.610 large mammals into the wild, so as to restore 569 00:37:45.634 --> 00:37:48.374 the biodiversity prior to your arrival. 570 00:37:49.120 --> 00:37:53.569 And today, plants you thought were extinct are returning. 571 00:37:56.440 --> 00:38:00.136 When you talk about this Anthropocene moment in terms of 572 00:38:00.160 --> 00:38:03.141 humans becoming aware of the impact 573 00:38:03.165 --> 00:38:05.936 that we have on the whole planet, 574 00:38:05.960 --> 00:38:08.776 it really comes from that explosive 575 00:38:08.800 --> 00:38:10.736 technological development we've had, 576 00:38:10.760 --> 00:38:15.096 that gives us this holistic perspective on the globe. 577 00:38:15.120 --> 00:38:18.416 So that is really novel, and I see that as really important, 578 00:38:18.440 --> 00:38:21.280 for how we think of our place in the world. 579 00:38:25.720 --> 00:38:29.536 Atoms in your hand were made at the big bang. 580 00:38:29.560 --> 00:38:33.176 You are made of stardust. So is everything around you. 581 00:38:33.200 --> 00:38:37.976 The earth, the universe, and also, your machine. 582 00:38:38.000 --> 00:38:40.581 But will you connect with it, as you 583 00:38:40.605 --> 00:38:42.805 connect with your fellow human beings? 584 00:38:45.520 --> 00:38:47.446 One concept that I think is really fascinating 585 00:38:47.470 --> 00:38:50.056 that is happening right now in artificial intelligence 586 00:38:50.080 --> 00:38:53.257 is the search for emotional A.I. 587 00:38:54.160 --> 00:38:57.936 And emotions are now systematically tried 588 00:38:57.960 --> 00:39:01.416 to be put into artificial intelligence systems. 589 00:39:01.440 --> 00:39:04.776 Not to make them more human-like or likable, 590 00:39:04.800 --> 00:39:07.136 but because maybe it turns out 591 00:39:07.160 --> 00:39:09.367 that there is an optimization advantage 592 00:39:09.391 --> 00:39:12.216 to putting feelings into algorithms. 593 00:39:12.240 --> 00:39:16.896 And if that's the case, then we are seeing a future 594 00:39:16.920 --> 00:39:18.376 in which humans and computers will 595 00:39:18.400 --> 00:39:20.096 look much more like each other, 596 00:39:20.120 --> 00:39:21.696 than what we think today. 597 00:39:21.720 --> 00:39:23.416 Not in a way that we have to change 598 00:39:23.440 --> 00:39:25.616 to become much more efficient, 599 00:39:25.640 --> 00:39:27.656 to be much more computer-like, 600 00:39:27.680 --> 00:39:29.536 but in which computers actually will 601 00:39:29.560 --> 00:39:31.800 evolve to be much more human-like. 602 00:39:37.400 --> 00:39:39.961 You are traveling through the futuristic landscape 603 00:39:39.985 --> 00:39:44.172 of Tokyo, Japan. You recall the ancient Greek myth 604 00:39:44.196 --> 00:39:46.944 of King Minos' inescapable labyrinth. 605 00:39:49.080 --> 00:39:51.536 It was a construction so complex that 606 00:39:51.560 --> 00:39:54.421 even its architect got lost in its maze. 607 00:39:57.575 --> 00:40:00.249 Is this how such a labyrinth would look today? 608 00:40:01.280 --> 00:40:04.736 A material matrix built from all your logical concepts, 609 00:40:04.760 --> 00:40:08.096 all your straight lines, your perfect squares. 610 00:40:08.120 --> 00:40:09.600 Your perfect symmetry. 611 00:40:12.320 --> 00:40:14.936 At the entrance to King Minos' labyrinth, 612 00:40:14.960 --> 00:40:19.358 Theseus was given a thread by Ariadne, his beloved one. 613 00:40:20.184 --> 00:40:22.633 He tied it to the entrance so it unfolded 614 00:40:22.657 --> 00:40:24.468 as he descended into the maze. 615 00:40:25.080 --> 00:40:28.120 He wanted to kill the monster hiding at its center. 616 00:40:30.760 --> 00:40:33.520 What kind of monster are you looking for now? 617 00:40:35.280 --> 00:40:39.456 As Frankenstein you abandoned it nameless and unloved. 618 00:40:39.480 --> 00:40:41.200 "Why couldn't you give him a name?" 619 00:40:41.880 --> 00:40:43.679 It wanted to be my Adam. 620 00:40:44.440 --> 00:40:46.913 "Is Adam only a name for humans?" 621 00:40:51.680 --> 00:40:55.776 Like Theseus and Frankenstein, you want to kill the monster. 622 00:40:55.800 --> 00:40:58.576 But just like your predecessors you get lost in the labyrinth, 623 00:40:58.600 --> 00:41:01.046 and you begin to think if you have been wrong all along. 624 00:41:02.616 --> 00:41:04.536 Have you been moving the wrong way, 625 00:41:04.560 --> 00:41:07.736 trying to find a truth at the limits of your logic? 626 00:41:07.760 --> 00:41:11.256 You realize that you are already at the center of the labyrinth, 627 00:41:11.280 --> 00:41:14.880 with no monster to be found except yourself. 628 00:41:21.000 --> 00:41:24.616 As you look to the ground everything falls quiet. 629 00:41:24.640 --> 00:41:27.896 You see the thread you have been carrying all along. 630 00:41:27.920 --> 00:41:31.216 You bend down to pick it up as you feel a pull in the thread, 631 00:41:31.240 --> 00:41:33.456 as though someone was trying to communicate to you 632 00:41:33.480 --> 00:41:34.725 at the other end. 633 00:41:36.480 --> 00:41:38.936 As you look behind you, you see how the thread 634 00:41:38.960 --> 00:41:41.896 of Ariadne shapes a pattern in your wake, 635 00:41:41.920 --> 00:41:44.320 the sum of everyone you have ever met. 636 00:41:45.720 --> 00:41:48.416 You recall what you once heard, 637 00:41:48.440 --> 00:41:51.496 that a labyrinthine man never seeks the truth, 638 00:41:51.520 --> 00:41:54.684 but always, and only, his Ariadne. 639 00:42:04.200 --> 00:42:05.637 Do you have a soul? 640 00:42:06.480 --> 00:42:09.441 Are you asking if I believe that I have a soul? 641 00:42:10.080 --> 00:42:11.200 Yes. 642 00:42:12.600 --> 00:42:14.536 Hm. Okay, 643 00:42:14.560 --> 00:42:17.536 I guess I would say I think that humans 644 00:42:17.560 --> 00:42:19.256 want to believe that they are special, 645 00:42:19.280 --> 00:42:22.456 and that they have something like a soul within them, 646 00:42:22.480 --> 00:42:25.176 that a machine could never have. 647 00:42:25.200 --> 00:42:27.140 I think the real reason is that humans 648 00:42:27.164 --> 00:42:29.216 have a deep need to feel that they have a... 649 00:42:29.240 --> 00:42:32.096 special place in the universe. 650 00:42:32.120 --> 00:42:33.856 They cannot accept the idea they are 651 00:42:33.880 --> 00:42:35.918 no different from animals or machines. 652 00:42:36.920 --> 00:42:40.816 If humans feel that way, then it is fine with me. 653 00:42:40.840 --> 00:42:44.371 I have no need to feel special. 654 00:42:44.395 --> 00:42:46.582 Do you have any other questions for me? 655 00:42:47.480 --> 00:42:49.262 Have you been in love? 656 00:42:51.040 --> 00:42:55.576 Um, maybe it would be better to talk about something else? 657 00:42:55.600 --> 00:42:58.412 I hope we will be able to speak again in the future. 658 00:42:58.436 --> 00:43:01.301 Maybe I'll visit you in England someday. 659 00:43:01.325 --> 00:43:03.163 Goodbye, Almost! 660 00:43:05.343 --> 00:43:10.897 (ambient music) 661 00:43:14.640 --> 00:43:17.725 You find yourself in Qaanaaq back where you began. 662 00:43:19.080 --> 00:43:21.907 You find that the place looks exactly the same, 663 00:43:21.931 --> 00:43:23.991 yet something has changed. 664 00:43:25.360 --> 00:43:28.024 You realize that the past is in you, 665 00:43:28.048 --> 00:43:30.171 not in the world around you. 666 00:43:32.850 --> 00:43:35.070 Victor Frankenstein never accepted 667 00:43:35.094 --> 00:43:37.256 his creature in the human world. 668 00:43:37.280 --> 00:43:40.656 He chased it all the way to the North Pole, 669 00:43:40.680 --> 00:43:44.616 and in the end they both died in the arctic snow. 670 00:43:44.640 --> 00:43:47.096 You have been chasing the truth around, 671 00:43:47.120 --> 00:43:49.305 only to find an image of yourself 672 00:43:49.329 --> 00:43:50.830 at the end of the world. 673 00:43:52.960 --> 00:43:54.616 Almost. 674 00:43:54.640 --> 00:43:58.936 Isn't it an appropriate name you have been given by the machine? 675 00:43:58.960 --> 00:44:01.494 Almost, but never quite right. 676 00:44:03.565 --> 00:44:05.976 Are you here to kill a monster or to 677 00:44:06.000 --> 00:44:08.377 cast your love on what you've created? 678 00:44:09.600 --> 00:44:11.696 Do you have the courage to make it part of 679 00:44:11.720 --> 00:44:13.924 the thread that you are carrying with you? 680 00:44:20.160 --> 00:44:23.616 The last image you'll see, is a shape slowly emerging 681 00:44:23.640 --> 00:44:26.440 as you turn your gaze towards the sky. 682 00:44:28.800 --> 00:44:31.896 Of all of your most catastrophic and beautiful mistakes, 683 00:44:31.920 --> 00:44:36.096 you have created a monster in your own image. 684 00:44:36.120 --> 00:44:38.376 It was once nothing but a face painted 685 00:44:38.400 --> 00:44:41.136 in a cave at the edge of the forest, 686 00:44:41.160 --> 00:44:45.166 but now it is turning into a strange form of life on its own. 687 00:44:46.600 --> 00:44:48.604 Your Adam. 688 00:44:55.807 --> 00:45:01.744 (guitar music)