1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:27,520 --> 00:00:30,040 [intriguing electronic music] 4 00:00:33,200 --> 00:00:35,800 [narrator] I have always asked myself a lot of questions 5 00:00:38,880 --> 00:00:40,040 Always bored at school, 6 00:00:40,240 --> 00:00:41,520 where all questions were answered 7 00:00:41,720 --> 00:00:43,280 except for the important ones. 8 00:00:43,480 --> 00:00:45,040 I spent the time daydreaming 9 00:00:45,240 --> 00:00:47,360 thinking about things that surround us. 10 00:00:50,440 --> 00:00:51,400 Easter Island, 11 00:00:51,600 --> 00:00:53,400 the pyramids of Giza, 12 00:00:53,600 --> 00:00:54,520 Machu Picchu... 13 00:00:54,720 --> 00:00:58,480 Mythical places, which have made us all dream at some point. 14 00:00:59,880 --> 00:01:02,840 You may ask yourself questions, lots of questions. 15 00:01:03,040 --> 00:01:05,200 But asking the right ones is truly an art, 16 00:01:05,400 --> 00:01:08,160 a priceless art, that everyone can afford. 17 00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:13,600 This is how I found myself, many years later 18 00:01:13,800 --> 00:01:15,480 looking into the past of our planet 19 00:01:15,680 --> 00:01:18,080 far, very far back in time. 20 00:01:18,280 --> 00:01:21,160 And what I discovered changed my vision of the past 21 00:01:22,080 --> 00:01:22,880 for ever. 22 00:01:27,960 --> 00:01:30,920 [mysterious music] 23 00:02:10,640 --> 00:02:13,320 [soaring orchestral music] 24 00:02:26,680 --> 00:02:28,560 [dramatic music] 25 00:03:12,120 --> 00:03:14,840 [inspiring music] 26 00:03:15,320 --> 00:03:17,600 I did a lot of reading before investigating on-site 27 00:03:17,800 --> 00:03:20,440 Many far-fetched, contradictory, confusing things 28 00:03:20,640 --> 00:03:23,320 which could mislead those who know nothing about the subject 29 00:03:23,520 --> 00:03:25,600 and convince them that nothing interesting 30 00:03:25,800 --> 00:03:28,680 is to be found in the ruins of the ancient people of our Planet. 31 00:03:29,520 --> 00:03:32,320 Yet, the perfection found in these ancient constructions 32 00:03:32,520 --> 00:03:35,480 defies modern reason. Therefore I decided to surround myself 33 00:03:35,680 --> 00:03:36,800 with competent people, 34 00:03:37,000 --> 00:03:39,800 who could enlighten me and thus avoid any hasty deductions 35 00:03:41,640 --> 00:03:43,160 As the investigation progressed, 36 00:03:43,360 --> 00:03:45,480 uncovering new elements along the way 37 00:03:45,680 --> 00:03:48,840 I saw the look in their eyes change, and so was mine. 38 00:03:49,040 --> 00:03:51,480 I had to set aside my a priori and prejudices 39 00:03:51,680 --> 00:03:53,800 what the French philosopher Descartes called 40 00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:55,320 "wiping the slate clean". 41 00:03:57,800 --> 00:04:00,840 I had to remember the time when I looked at the world differently 42 00:04:01,040 --> 00:04:02,520 in a more simple way. 43 00:04:02,720 --> 00:04:05,600 And this reassured me, inspired me and gave me hope 44 00:04:05,800 --> 00:04:09,440 as perspectives are always brighter than what we can imagine. 45 00:04:17,200 --> 00:04:18,600 Let us start softly then 46 00:04:18,800 --> 00:04:21,400 with one of the most well known ancient sites on Earth, 47 00:04:21,600 --> 00:04:24,760 a minuscule island lost in the middle of the Pacific Ocean 48 00:04:24,960 --> 00:04:27,280 Rapa Nui, Easter Island. 49 00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:47,440 Easter Island is a speck of earth in the middle of the Pacific Ocean 50 00:04:47,640 --> 00:04:51,560 located 3700 kilometres away from the coasts of Chile 51 00:04:51,760 --> 00:04:55,600 and about 4000 kilometres away from French Polynesia. 52 00:04:57,080 --> 00:04:59,560 In a period of 100 years, the People from Rapa Nui 53 00:04:59,760 --> 00:05:02,720 are believed to have sculpted about 1000 volcanic stone giants 54 00:05:02,920 --> 00:05:06,400 using the Moai, the stone coming from a crater, used as a quarry. 55 00:05:08,160 --> 00:05:10,920 [soaring orchestral music] 56 00:05:21,920 --> 00:05:24,120 [mysterious music] 57 00:05:24,320 --> 00:05:27,000 Some of them were erected on pedestals, called Ahu 58 00:05:27,200 --> 00:05:29,200 set at various places on the island. 59 00:05:29,400 --> 00:05:30,920 Here are the main ones. 60 00:05:31,720 --> 00:05:34,600 Tongariki, the largest Moai formation. 61 00:05:37,080 --> 00:05:39,600 Te Pito Kura, the "navel of the World", 62 00:05:39,800 --> 00:05:40,760 with the largest Moai 63 00:05:40,960 --> 00:05:44,120 transported from the quarry, laying down next to it. 64 00:05:46,040 --> 00:05:47,880 In the bay of Anakena 65 00:05:48,080 --> 00:05:51,520 where the Moai are capped with their red Pukao. 66 00:05:55,040 --> 00:05:58,440 Tahaï, where we have restored the white eyes of the Moai. 67 00:05:58,920 --> 00:06:01,160 Vinapu, the most ancient Ahu of the island 68 00:06:01,360 --> 00:06:04,160 according to archaeological studies. 69 00:06:07,240 --> 00:06:10,920 And Akivi, the only formation where the Moai look to the sea 70 00:06:11,120 --> 00:06:13,680 and more specifically to the equinox sun. 71 00:06:15,840 --> 00:06:17,840 Let us quickly review the history of the Island 72 00:06:18,040 --> 00:06:20,960 before getting to the important questions that it raises. 73 00:06:21,160 --> 00:06:24,960 The extraordinary saga of the Rapa Nui People starts there. 74 00:06:25,160 --> 00:06:28,160 In the Anakena Bay, where King Hotu Matua 75 00:06:28,360 --> 00:06:31,320 who left Polynesia with his bravest men, first landed. 76 00:06:31,520 --> 00:06:34,640 It is widely believed that they had built a prosperous society 77 00:06:34,840 --> 00:06:36,480 and the most accepted hypothesis 78 00:06:36,680 --> 00:06:38,640 states that the Rapa Nui society collapsed 79 00:06:38,840 --> 00:06:40,920 following clan wars throughout the centuries, 80 00:06:41,120 --> 00:06:44,080 while deforestation occurred because of the statues. 81 00:06:44,760 --> 00:06:47,120 However, in light of the latest archaeological discoveries, 82 00:06:47,320 --> 00:06:49,080 reality might have been quite different. 83 00:06:49,280 --> 00:06:51,640 Epidemics introduced by the Spanish navigators 84 00:06:51,840 --> 00:06:53,200 at the end the 18th Century, 85 00:06:53,400 --> 00:06:55,680 slave raids at the end of the 19th Century 86 00:06:55,880 --> 00:06:59,080 and their consequences almost exterminated the population 87 00:06:59,280 --> 00:07:01,480 We have to remember that the population here 88 00:07:01,680 --> 00:07:05,560 was reduced to a hundred and ten or eleven people at one point. 89 00:07:05,760 --> 00:07:08,280 The loss of scribes and guardians of the Rapa Nui culture 90 00:07:08,480 --> 00:07:10,560 who became forced labourers in Peruvian mines 91 00:07:10,760 --> 00:07:13,200 and the subsequent Christian evangelization campaigns 92 00:07:13,400 --> 00:07:15,440 almost exterminated the culture of these people. 93 00:07:15,640 --> 00:07:18,440 The Rapa Nui may have originated from Hiva Oa 94 00:07:18,640 --> 00:07:21,480 about 3 600 kilometers to the Northwest. 95 00:07:21,680 --> 00:07:23,480 3 600 kilometers. 96 00:07:23,680 --> 00:07:25,520 One does not embark on such a trip lightly. 97 00:07:25,720 --> 00:07:28,040 One must think about food, and especially water. 98 00:07:28,240 --> 00:07:31,240 Talking about a 30 to 50 days trip in pirogue 99 00:07:31,440 --> 00:07:33,320 implies a certain level of logistics. 100 00:07:33,520 --> 00:07:36,440 There must be enough supplies for the trip back in case of failure. 101 00:07:55,280 --> 00:07:58,320 One may not quite comprehend what such an expedition could imply. 102 00:07:58,520 --> 00:08:01,320 One can eat fish, but enough water needs to be provided for, 103 00:08:01,520 --> 00:08:03,480 especially considering the huge effort. 104 00:08:03,680 --> 00:08:04,960 One needs to know ahead of time 105 00:08:05,160 --> 00:08:06,520 how many days in the pirogue 106 00:08:06,720 --> 00:08:08,160 there are before reaching land. 107 00:08:08,360 --> 00:08:11,360 Either Hotu Mota first sent scouts in various directions 108 00:08:11,560 --> 00:08:13,880 and, by chance, one of them discovered Easter Island 109 00:08:14,080 --> 00:08:16,400 which would have then initiated a further expedition. 110 00:08:16,600 --> 00:08:18,680 Or they left randomly and, out of shear luck 111 00:08:18,880 --> 00:08:21,280 discovered this speck of land in the Pacific Ocean. 112 00:08:21,480 --> 00:08:22,520 Alternatively, 113 00:08:22,720 --> 00:08:24,960 they might have known the position of the island beforehand 114 00:08:25,160 --> 00:08:28,920 which raises the question as to how could they have known about it. 115 00:08:30,560 --> 00:08:33,320 Linguists cite the resemblance of the Rapa Nui language 116 00:08:33,520 --> 00:08:35,200 with the original Polynesian language, 117 00:08:35,400 --> 00:08:38,080 the former would have in fact evolved during migrations 118 00:08:38,280 --> 00:08:40,680 which all confirms the Oral history of the Rapa Nui. 119 00:08:40,880 --> 00:08:43,120 They claim to have accomplished this trip 120 00:08:43,320 --> 00:08:45,080 straight from Hiva Oa Island. 121 00:08:45,280 --> 00:08:50,960 If it's true that they all migrated from this place called Hiva, 122 00:08:51,760 --> 00:08:54,680 the linguistic evidence suggests that Rapa Nui 123 00:08:54,880 --> 00:08:59,280 left that group of people first, and came here. 124 00:08:59,480 --> 00:09:03,840 Of course they were all speaking the same language at that time. 125 00:09:05,080 --> 00:09:07,080 We hear all kinds of things about this Island 126 00:09:07,280 --> 00:09:08,880 but it is difficult to reconstruct 127 00:09:09,080 --> 00:09:11,000 the true story of the Rapa Nui people, 128 00:09:11,200 --> 00:09:13,360 terribly damaged by multiple invasions. 129 00:09:13,560 --> 00:09:15,160 Recent archaeological studies 130 00:09:15,360 --> 00:09:17,920 go against the accepted idea of a nation of warriors. 131 00:09:18,120 --> 00:09:20,920 According to the American anthropologist Carl Lipo, 132 00:09:21,120 --> 00:09:23,280 the mata"a, obsidian blades long considered weapons 133 00:09:23,480 --> 00:09:25,800 may have actually been tools for sculpting and gardening, 134 00:09:26,440 --> 00:09:28,160 noting their lack of a pointed tip. 135 00:09:28,360 --> 00:09:31,240 There are also no traces of fortifications on the island. 136 00:09:31,440 --> 00:09:33,280 And then there are movies that show 137 00:09:33,480 --> 00:09:35,160 very little respect for the people of Rapa Nui, 138 00:09:35,360 --> 00:09:37,400 to the extent that, after filming on the Island, 139 00:09:37,600 --> 00:09:40,240 an American production company just threw a concrete Moai 140 00:09:40,440 --> 00:09:42,200 that was no longer useful out into the ocean. 141 00:09:44,200 --> 00:09:45,560 But Let's get technical. 142 00:09:46,040 --> 00:09:48,200 The Giant Moai of Rano Raraku 143 00:09:48,400 --> 00:09:50,440 which measures 22 meters high 144 00:09:50,640 --> 00:09:51,920 and weighs about 250 tons 145 00:09:52,120 --> 00:09:53,560 is often shown 146 00:09:53,840 --> 00:09:55,280 but we seldom see those Moais 147 00:09:55,480 --> 00:09:57,800 which were sculpted above within the sidewalls 148 00:09:58,000 --> 00:10:00,240 thus complicating their future extraction. 149 00:10:01,960 --> 00:10:04,280 One could think they were not sculpted to be extracted 150 00:10:04,480 --> 00:10:06,840 however, since they are not visible at ground-level 151 00:10:07,040 --> 00:10:08,800 why go to that much trouble? 152 00:10:11,400 --> 00:10:13,920 These Moais weigh between 40 and 60 tons 153 00:10:14,120 --> 00:10:17,080 and are located about 15 kilometres away from the quarry, 154 00:10:17,280 --> 00:10:19,040 where they were extracted from. 155 00:10:19,240 --> 00:10:21,320 Some of the Moais were capped with a Pukao, 156 00:10:21,520 --> 00:10:23,000 hats made of red volcanic tuf 157 00:10:23,200 --> 00:10:25,520 extracted here, at the site of Puna Pao, 158 00:10:25,720 --> 00:10:28,080 12 kilometres from the quarry of Rano Raraku 159 00:10:28,280 --> 00:10:30,040 at the back of this tank. 160 00:10:30,240 --> 00:10:32,280 [mysterious traditional music] 161 00:10:32,480 --> 00:10:34,880 The Pukao were then transported, hoisted 162 00:10:35,080 --> 00:10:36,480 and set on top of the Moai's heads 163 00:10:36,680 --> 00:10:38,840 sometimes at a height of 8 meters. 164 00:10:39,040 --> 00:10:39,920 How? 165 00:10:40,120 --> 00:10:42,800 Very simple, according to this explanatory sign. 166 00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:45,160 Maybe someone has a better explanation 167 00:10:45,360 --> 00:10:47,080 but no one has yet thought it would be useful 168 00:10:47,280 --> 00:10:49,080 or important to specify it here. 169 00:10:50,840 --> 00:10:52,360 In fact, no one really knows. 170 00:10:53,800 --> 00:10:56,120 We may have vague hypotheses regarding the transportation 171 00:10:56,320 --> 00:10:58,080 and we believe the Moai might have been erected 172 00:10:58,280 --> 00:10:59,880 to protect the houses they were gazing at, 173 00:11:00,080 --> 00:11:03,880 although the statues tend to look more to the skies than the ground. 174 00:11:06,400 --> 00:11:08,440 Experiences have been set up on flat surfaces 175 00:11:08,640 --> 00:11:11,040 to simulate the transportation of a 5-ton Moai 176 00:11:11,240 --> 00:11:14,080 however, it is impossible to confirm that the same process 177 00:11:14,280 --> 00:11:18,160 would have been possible with an 80-ton Moai like this one. 178 00:11:18,360 --> 00:11:20,520 Ahu Vinapu is different from the other sites 179 00:11:20,720 --> 00:11:23,560 because of its massive architecture. 180 00:11:23,760 --> 00:11:25,000 I ask myself simple questions. 181 00:11:25,200 --> 00:11:27,160 For example, regarding this Ahu, 182 00:11:27,360 --> 00:11:28,920 since it is the most ancient of the Island 183 00:11:29,120 --> 00:11:31,160 it leads to some unsettling questions. 184 00:11:32,200 --> 00:11:33,480 Being the most ancient and still in place 185 00:11:33,680 --> 00:11:35,360 it demonstrates that this way of building 186 00:11:35,560 --> 00:11:37,520 was the most resistant, therefore the safest. 187 00:11:37,720 --> 00:11:40,760 It was the best advertising for this technique. 188 00:11:41,600 --> 00:11:44,160 True to the idea of permanent progress by Homo Sapiens, 189 00:11:44,360 --> 00:11:47,640 one would expect subsequent sites to be built in a similar fashion 190 00:11:47,840 --> 00:11:48,640 or even better. 191 00:11:48,840 --> 00:11:50,480 And the problem is that actually, 192 00:11:50,680 --> 00:11:51,920 all the Ahu built after this one 193 00:11:52,120 --> 00:11:54,400 were never as large, nor as precise in their assemblage 194 00:11:54,600 --> 00:11:56,360 and all ended up collapsing. 195 00:11:56,560 --> 00:11:57,760 But not Ahu Vinapu. 196 00:11:57,960 --> 00:11:59,400 Thus, the questions are: 197 00:11:59,600 --> 00:12:01,800 amongst all the builders at Rapa Nui who followed, 198 00:12:02,000 --> 00:12:04,120 none of them noticed that the only viable technique 199 00:12:04,320 --> 00:12:06,000 was the one utilized at Ahu Vinapu? 200 00:12:06,200 --> 00:12:09,640 And if they did, why not reproduce this technique? 201 00:12:10,200 --> 00:12:12,840 Therefore either the secret of this structure is a unique case 202 00:12:13,040 --> 00:12:14,280 lost in history 203 00:12:14,480 --> 00:12:17,480 or the people of Rapa Nui had nothing to do with its construction. 204 00:12:18,360 --> 00:12:20,640 One may notice a very strong similarity 205 00:12:20,840 --> 00:12:22,440 in the style between Ahu Vinapu 206 00:12:22,640 --> 00:12:25,480 and structures attributed to the Incas, in Peru. 207 00:12:25,680 --> 00:12:28,000 Genetics analyses on chickens of the Island 208 00:12:28,200 --> 00:12:30,360 demonstrate there were contacts between both peoples 209 00:12:30,560 --> 00:12:32,520 but we do not know in which direction. 210 00:12:33,800 --> 00:12:36,120 Destination Peru, more specifically Cuzco. 211 00:12:36,320 --> 00:12:38,400 the old Inca capital that, like Rapa Nui 212 00:12:38,600 --> 00:12:42,000 was referred to as the World's belly button by its inhabitants. 213 00:12:42,200 --> 00:12:44,640 Either both tribes see themselves as the centre of the world 214 00:12:44,840 --> 00:12:47,280 or maybe the Earth has numerous belly buttons. 215 00:13:03,680 --> 00:13:04,720 The problem in Peru 216 00:13:04,920 --> 00:13:07,600 is that there is little information on the time preceding the arrival 217 00:13:07,800 --> 00:13:09,680 of the Catholics and the ravages of the Inquisition. 218 00:13:09,880 --> 00:13:11,640 It means that one may be confused regarding 219 00:13:11,840 --> 00:13:13,600 the history of the buildings and their techniques. 220 00:13:25,120 --> 00:13:28,400 This church was built directly over the Inca Temple of Coricancha 221 00:13:28,600 --> 00:13:30,040 covering it entirely. 222 00:13:30,240 --> 00:13:32,760 However, the Catholic Church was not alone in this use 223 00:13:32,960 --> 00:13:35,880 of this rather high-handed method, as it was practiced everywhere 224 00:13:36,080 --> 00:13:37,920 by conquerors and settlers. 225 00:13:39,240 --> 00:13:42,200 Like here, this mosque over the Temple of Luxor in Egypt 226 00:13:42,400 --> 00:13:44,960 or again the temple of Jupiter in Baalbek in Lebanon, 227 00:13:45,160 --> 00:13:47,880 where Romans preferred to build on top of existing foundations 228 00:13:48,080 --> 00:13:49,960 Which is understandable, as each block 229 00:13:50,160 --> 00:13:52,160 weighs over 1 000 tons. 230 00:13:52,880 --> 00:13:55,440 Here, the Church sought to destroy the archives of these people 231 00:13:55,640 --> 00:13:57,360 until everyone accepted the popular image 232 00:13:57,560 --> 00:13:59,600 of barbaric and bloodthirsty Incas 233 00:13:59,800 --> 00:14:01,320 engaging in human sacrifice. 234 00:14:01,520 --> 00:14:04,840 It is very sad indeed to see how these thousand-year-old peoples 235 00:14:05,040 --> 00:14:06,640 and their immense knowledge were loathed, 236 00:14:06,840 --> 00:14:08,720 knowledge we are just beginning to re-discover 237 00:14:08,920 --> 00:14:11,040 especially in the field of medicine. 238 00:14:11,240 --> 00:14:13,480 And in politics, as well, as, before the arrival of the Europeans, 239 00:14:13,680 --> 00:14:16,440 the Inca Empire had almost succeeded in uniting all of their people. 240 00:14:46,160 --> 00:14:48,560 It was important to avoid any further rebellion. 241 00:14:48,760 --> 00:14:50,440 For that, they had a radical option. 242 00:14:56,880 --> 00:14:58,480 One kills the leaders, spreading confusion amongst 243 00:14:58,680 --> 00:15:00,680 the people, and rebellion is squashed. 244 00:15:05,320 --> 00:15:07,280 The method is as old as the World itself. 245 00:15:07,480 --> 00:15:08,960 Well, actually maybe not. 246 00:15:09,160 --> 00:15:11,400 45 centuries prior to the arrival of the Europeans 247 00:15:11,600 --> 00:15:13,920 life was quite different on the Pacific coast of Peru 248 00:15:14,120 --> 00:15:16,960 and there was a civilization there for a very long time: 249 00:15:17,160 --> 00:15:20,080 the vast city of Caral Supe bearing witness of this. 250 00:15:20,280 --> 00:15:22,600 Caral being the oldest American city to date. 251 00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:29,400 This vast city was remarkably organized 252 00:15:29,600 --> 00:15:31,080 with streets, squares, housing, 253 00:15:31,280 --> 00:15:34,560 amphitheatres and temples in the shape of pyramids. 254 00:15:35,960 --> 00:15:37,480 It dates back to 5000 years old 255 00:15:37,680 --> 00:15:40,160 which is about 3000 years prior to our time. 256 00:15:40,360 --> 00:15:43,160 According to Egyptologist dating, this gigantic mother city 257 00:15:43,360 --> 00:15:45,920 was contemporary to the Pyramids in Giza. 258 00:15:46,120 --> 00:15:48,360 Archaeological studies tell that Caral was destroyed 259 00:15:48,560 --> 00:15:50,440 about 3800 years ago 260 00:15:50,640 --> 00:15:53,640 following earthquakes or other climate-related catastrophes. 261 00:15:53,840 --> 00:15:56,320 The city was a vast problem for those who studied it 262 00:15:56,520 --> 00:15:59,480 as no fortresses nor weapons were ever found, 263 00:15:59,680 --> 00:16:03,280 and so they had to admit the incredible possibility of this city 264 00:16:03,480 --> 00:16:06,000 living in peace for over a thousand years 265 00:16:06,200 --> 00:16:09,200 with commercial cooperation with its neighbors. 266 00:16:10,400 --> 00:16:14,000 All this is to say, how improbable it appears to modern humans 267 00:16:14,200 --> 00:16:17,160 that one may live in peace for vast periods of time. 268 00:16:17,360 --> 00:16:19,520 [soft orchestral music] 269 00:16:19,720 --> 00:16:21,520 When one discovers a site like Caral 270 00:16:21,720 --> 00:16:24,680 the main difficulty for archaeologists is the state it is in 271 00:16:24,880 --> 00:16:28,240 which renders the reconstruction of daily life challenging. 272 00:16:28,440 --> 00:16:32,000 One may find small blocks of stone, joined together by clay cement. 273 00:16:32,200 --> 00:16:35,240 The same technique as we may find at a later stage at Machu Picchu 274 00:16:35,440 --> 00:16:36,640 or at Ollantaytambo 275 00:16:36,840 --> 00:16:38,280 which will later evolve towards greater precision. 276 00:16:45,800 --> 00:16:48,040 They may have started to build Caral with small stones 277 00:16:48,240 --> 00:16:50,800 and it would have been completed with a refined technique 278 00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:54,560 as we may see on the most recent parts of the Machu Picchu site. 279 00:16:54,760 --> 00:16:57,640 It would be a normal evolution of the technique throughout time. 280 00:17:01,640 --> 00:17:03,200 Discovered in 1911 281 00:17:03,400 --> 00:17:06,600 at a time where, in Europe, Incas were still believed to be savages, 282 00:17:06,800 --> 00:17:08,320 this city was unknown to the Spanish 283 00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:10,880 during the time of their occupation of Peru. 284 00:17:11,760 --> 00:17:13,920 It shows impressive technical expertise 285 00:17:14,120 --> 00:17:17,240 especially in the management of water and its distribution system. 286 00:17:18,440 --> 00:17:20,400 Its stone assemblages are harmoniously integrated 287 00:17:20,600 --> 00:17:21,760 into the environment 288 00:17:21,960 --> 00:17:23,400 However, outside of the important work 289 00:17:23,600 --> 00:17:25,000 of bringing the materials to the site 290 00:17:25,200 --> 00:17:27,520 it does not represent any particular difficulty. 291 00:17:29,040 --> 00:17:31,000 But what surprised me was the heart of the site, 292 00:17:31,200 --> 00:17:33,640 built in a totally different style. 293 00:17:33,840 --> 00:17:36,240 Huge andesite blocks, a very hard stone 294 00:17:36,440 --> 00:17:38,840 had been assembled with precision without any seal 295 00:17:39,040 --> 00:17:41,240 meaning stone against stone. 296 00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:42,960 If this stone comes from a quarry 297 00:17:43,160 --> 00:17:44,440 on the other side of the valley, 298 00:17:44,640 --> 00:17:45,720 then one really wonders 299 00:17:45,920 --> 00:17:49,080 how could they have transport these heavy blocks on such a steep slope? 300 00:17:49,800 --> 00:17:52,000 And why such a difference in style? 301 00:18:18,120 --> 00:18:21,240 One may not use the same techniques for buildings intended for rituals 302 00:18:21,440 --> 00:18:23,680 as for buildings intended for housing which I can understand. 303 00:18:23,880 --> 00:18:26,520 but then why are some of the walls "mixed"? 304 00:18:26,720 --> 00:18:28,520 This could be due to ulterior repairs, 305 00:18:28,720 --> 00:18:31,880 but then, the question would be why was it not repaired identically? 306 00:18:32,080 --> 00:18:34,880 One can see that the assemblage techniques of the big blocks 307 00:18:35,080 --> 00:18:37,520 are more ancient compared to the techniques of the small blocks. 308 00:18:37,720 --> 00:18:38,880 Why? 309 00:18:39,080 --> 00:18:42,480 Quite simply: the small blocks are set on top of the big blocks. 310 00:18:44,000 --> 00:18:46,600 Here, similarly to Ahu Vinapu of Easter Island, 311 00:18:46,800 --> 00:18:49,520 the builders have assembled complex polygonal shapes 312 00:18:49,720 --> 00:18:52,240 which do not seem to present any kind of difficulty. 313 00:18:52,440 --> 00:18:53,520 Let's draw some comparisons 314 00:18:53,720 --> 00:18:55,200 which make no sense according to archaeology 315 00:18:55,400 --> 00:18:57,000 as the sites we are going to compare 316 00:18:57,200 --> 00:18:58,560 are separated by thousands of kilometers 317 00:18:58,760 --> 00:19:00,600 and were built thousands of years apart. 318 00:19:00,800 --> 00:19:04,080 Here you can see an assemblage from an angle of a wall in Machu Picchu 319 00:19:04,280 --> 00:19:08,120 and another one from the Temple of the Valley in Giza, in Egypt. 320 00:19:11,640 --> 00:19:14,520 One may notice the same type of general symmetry of the shape 321 00:19:14,720 --> 00:19:17,400 like here, still at the temple of the Valley in Egypt, 322 00:19:17,600 --> 00:19:20,960 and there, at the heart of Machu Picchu. 323 00:19:21,160 --> 00:19:22,560 At Machu Picchu... 324 00:19:25,720 --> 00:19:27,720 And in the Temple of the Valley. 325 00:19:28,760 --> 00:19:30,360 One may explain these parallels 326 00:19:30,560 --> 00:19:33,400 by the fact that, confronted with the same difficulty 327 00:19:33,600 --> 00:19:35,440 human beings will all find the same solution. 328 00:19:35,640 --> 00:19:37,240 But, outside of the similarities 329 00:19:37,440 --> 00:19:38,920 what can we learn? 330 00:19:39,120 --> 00:19:41,520 Simply that one does not randomly assemble blocks 331 00:19:41,720 --> 00:19:44,440 and that, if needed, they are cut to create these patterns 332 00:19:44,640 --> 00:19:47,920 which gives us an idea about the level of mastery required. 333 00:19:48,120 --> 00:19:49,240 How's this for logic? 334 00:19:49,440 --> 00:19:52,200 one starts by assembling extremely resistant constructions 335 00:19:52,400 --> 00:19:53,720 with massive stones 336 00:19:53,920 --> 00:19:56,680 and, as time passes, one builds less and less resistant structures 337 00:19:56,880 --> 00:19:58,120 with stones the size of bricks. 338 00:19:58,320 --> 00:19:59,600 Long live progress. 339 00:20:00,680 --> 00:20:03,400 Here, these stones disjointed by one or more earthquakes 340 00:20:03,600 --> 00:20:05,160 allow us to understand two things: 341 00:20:05,360 --> 00:20:08,480 first of all, the internal faces are precisely worked on 342 00:20:08,680 --> 00:20:10,400 to be assembled over all of their depth, 343 00:20:10,600 --> 00:20:13,400 then the face of the stones on the left is slightly twisted 344 00:20:13,600 --> 00:20:15,680 and the block on the right exactly matches this twist 345 00:20:15,880 --> 00:20:17,680 reproduced on the right to mirror the left. 346 00:20:18,400 --> 00:20:21,160 Do you realize the difficulty of achieving this? 347 00:20:21,360 --> 00:20:23,760 In practicality, this complex work 348 00:20:23,960 --> 00:20:25,880 does not seem to be useful in any way. 349 00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:29,240 If these walls are an evolution of the techniques in Caral 350 00:20:29,440 --> 00:20:31,360 a millennium earlier, 351 00:20:32,480 --> 00:20:35,120 then where does this style with enormous stones come from? 352 00:20:35,320 --> 00:20:37,200 Where is the logic in all of this? 353 00:20:39,720 --> 00:20:42,240 It is even more obvious at Sacsayhuaman, 354 00:20:42,440 --> 00:20:45,520 the fortress with the 3 enclosures overhanging the city of Cuzco, 355 00:20:45,720 --> 00:20:48,080 ancient capital of the Incas. 356 00:20:52,040 --> 00:20:53,200 [mysterious music] 357 00:20:53,400 --> 00:20:56,040 3 gigantic outer-walls over 3 levels 358 00:20:56,240 --> 00:20:58,520 made of blocks weighing a few dozen tons 359 00:20:58,720 --> 00:21:00,040 assembled with very great precision. 360 00:21:00,240 --> 00:21:02,240 Over more than 400 meters long. 361 00:21:02,440 --> 00:21:04,760 The stones at the angles weigh over 200 tons 362 00:21:04,960 --> 00:21:07,400 and the others up to 60 tons. 363 00:21:07,600 --> 00:21:10,280 What is the purpose of such a fortress? 364 00:21:10,480 --> 00:21:12,320 3 outer-walls of this scale where, 365 00:21:12,520 --> 00:21:15,240 militarily speaking, we find numerous weak points. 366 00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:17,720 If this was simply a way to appear strong 367 00:21:17,920 --> 00:21:20,240 they might have gone a bit too far. 368 00:21:23,000 --> 00:21:25,880 [soaring orchestral music] 369 00:21:26,080 --> 00:21:28,040 At the site, the guides are happy to tell us that 370 00:21:28,240 --> 00:21:30,080 the whole site represents the head of a puma 371 00:21:30,280 --> 00:21:32,280 and that this fortress represents its teeth, 372 00:21:32,480 --> 00:21:35,600 the rest being made of the outer walls of the ancient Cuzco. 373 00:21:35,800 --> 00:21:38,880 This is beautiful story, one may indeed identify an eye 374 00:21:39,080 --> 00:21:40,840 but how confident can we be about it? 375 00:21:42,360 --> 00:21:45,200 What I notice is that the builders must have been able to transport 376 00:21:45,400 --> 00:21:47,920 hoist and assemble stones weighing dozens of tons 377 00:21:48,120 --> 00:21:49,960 but, when repairing stones that were damaged 378 00:21:50,160 --> 00:21:51,400 or had disappeared 379 00:21:51,600 --> 00:21:53,120 this is what they must have done. 380 00:21:54,880 --> 00:21:57,840 At Ollantaytambo, still in Peru we find the same thing. 381 00:21:58,720 --> 00:22:00,640 One may see these walls made of small stones, 382 00:22:00,840 --> 00:22:04,080 classical of the Inca era, and these assemblages there. 383 00:22:04,720 --> 00:22:06,000 Here, the first traces of settlements 384 00:22:06,200 --> 00:22:09,360 date back to -600 to -400 before our time. 385 00:22:09,560 --> 00:22:10,760 so it is rather ancient. 386 00:22:13,040 --> 00:22:14,520 If these were the same builders 387 00:22:14,720 --> 00:22:15,960 then they lost their know-how along the way 388 00:22:16,160 --> 00:22:17,880 because for some unknown reasons 389 00:22:18,080 --> 00:22:21,800 they were unable to complete them or repair them identically. 390 00:22:22,400 --> 00:22:23,680 You can believe what you wish. 391 00:22:23,880 --> 00:22:26,240 The style, the quality of the stone 392 00:22:26,440 --> 00:22:28,840 and the difficulty of the work are in no way the same. 393 00:22:29,040 --> 00:22:32,040 As the repairs are to be found on the upper layers of the walls 394 00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:34,720 it means the stones underneath are older. 395 00:22:35,280 --> 00:22:37,560 The builders, here again, started by assembling 396 00:22:37,760 --> 00:22:40,120 gigantic stones with a very great precision 397 00:22:40,320 --> 00:22:43,960 to finish off with smaller stones assembled with less precision? 398 00:22:44,160 --> 00:22:45,720 At the Ollantaytambo site 399 00:22:45,920 --> 00:22:49,360 my eyes were drawn to black stone blocks carved in a certain way. 400 00:22:51,160 --> 00:22:53,920 I had heard a guide saying there was a link between this site 401 00:22:54,120 --> 00:22:56,240 and the site of Tiahuanaco in Bolivia, 402 00:22:56,440 --> 00:22:58,080 that similar techniques had been utilized. 403 00:22:58,280 --> 00:23:00,720 From what was said, the sites were not dated from the same time 404 00:23:00,920 --> 00:23:03,240 but there again, this was rather unclear. 405 00:23:04,280 --> 00:23:06,840 I decided to head off to Tiahuanaco, through the Andes 406 00:23:07,040 --> 00:23:09,640 on the other side of the famous Titikaka Lake. 407 00:23:23,360 --> 00:23:26,480 [dramatic orchestral music] 408 00:23:26,680 --> 00:23:30,000 What makes the Tiahuanaco plateau interesting is the following. 409 00:23:30,200 --> 00:23:31,880 A vast enclosure made of walls and pillars 410 00:23:32,080 --> 00:23:33,760 an entryway leading to a door. 411 00:23:33,960 --> 00:23:35,560 Except none of this is authentic. 412 00:23:39,120 --> 00:23:42,240 It is in fact a reconstruction based on the vision of an archaeologist. 413 00:23:43,040 --> 00:23:46,200 Here is the site, pictured before its restoration in 1892. 414 00:23:52,600 --> 00:23:54,840 At the site, no one tells you anything. 415 00:23:55,040 --> 00:23:57,560 There is not even a sign telling you that it was actually restored. 416 00:23:57,760 --> 00:23:59,880 One could believe it was an authentic site. 417 00:24:01,280 --> 00:24:03,600 But curiously, this creative archaeologist 418 00:24:03,800 --> 00:24:04,800 did not find it useful 419 00:24:05,000 --> 00:24:07,800 to look at the site of Puma Punku, located about 1 km from here. 420 00:24:12,240 --> 00:24:13,800 Its builders are said to be pre-Incas. 421 00:24:14,000 --> 00:24:15,800 Therefore, before the Incas. 422 00:24:16,000 --> 00:24:18,440 And they would have built all of this. 423 00:24:21,160 --> 00:24:24,480 [epic music] 424 00:24:28,760 --> 00:24:30,160 What happened there? 425 00:24:30,360 --> 00:24:31,520 Why was this site destroyed? 426 00:24:31,720 --> 00:24:33,240 A dispute between shamans is mentioned? 427 00:24:33,440 --> 00:24:34,680 If this was actually the reason, 428 00:24:34,880 --> 00:24:37,840 it would have been wise to avoid angering them back then 429 00:24:38,040 --> 00:24:40,120 since they would have been quick to smash some slabs 430 00:24:40,320 --> 00:24:41,960 weighing a few dozen tons. 431 00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:47,680 I had asked Erik Gonthier, geologist, to come over with me 432 00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:50,840 as I wanted his advice on the technical means utilized. 433 00:25:03,880 --> 00:25:06,480 Erik told me that in India, stone cutters are still using the same 434 00:25:06,680 --> 00:25:07,640 or almost the same methods 435 00:25:07,840 --> 00:25:09,600 as the ones used thousands of centuries ago. 436 00:25:09,800 --> 00:25:12,240 except the use of hardened steel, too soft 437 00:25:12,440 --> 00:25:15,560 which was replaced by carborundum or other hard-alloy tips. 438 00:25:15,760 --> 00:25:17,360 When using hardened steel tools 439 00:25:17,560 --> 00:25:19,840 the stone cutters usually hit at most 5 or 6 times 440 00:25:20,040 --> 00:25:22,240 before sending them again to the quench. 441 00:25:22,440 --> 00:25:23,400 Erik insisted on the fact 442 00:25:23,600 --> 00:25:26,440 to not to underestimate human capabilities. 443 00:25:27,120 --> 00:25:28,040 You need to know that, 444 00:25:28,240 --> 00:25:29,960 as soon as you question the academic version 445 00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:31,640 others will immediately suspect 446 00:25:31,840 --> 00:25:33,920 that you believe it was all built by aliens. 447 00:25:34,120 --> 00:25:37,920 That's what's meant by "not underestimating human capabilities". 448 00:25:40,320 --> 00:25:43,960 It suggests that we necessarily expect an extra-terrestrial solution 449 00:25:44,160 --> 00:25:46,400 to resolve the "issue" of the tools. 450 00:25:46,600 --> 00:25:49,120 But, to tell you the truth although I cannot explain the methods used 451 00:25:49,320 --> 00:25:51,520 I do not feel that this was something made by beings 452 00:25:51,720 --> 00:25:54,320 capable of travelling across the universe. 453 00:26:04,160 --> 00:26:07,800 I advise Erik to wait for a bit before making a decision. 454 00:26:10,800 --> 00:26:14,360 [soft piano music] 455 00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:20,920 The next day, he will use our roughness-measuring device 456 00:26:21,120 --> 00:26:22,760 a tool that measures the surface flatness 457 00:26:22,960 --> 00:26:24,680 thanks to a minuscule diamond tip 458 00:26:24,880 --> 00:26:26,560 manoeuvred by a computerized arm. 459 00:26:37,760 --> 00:26:39,640 The first measurements on randomly selected stones 460 00:26:39,840 --> 00:26:41,480 provide more than acceptable results. 461 00:26:41,680 --> 00:26:42,960 Then, as we start to choose the stones, 462 00:26:43,160 --> 00:26:44,480 attempting to find some in better condition than others, 463 00:26:44,680 --> 00:26:46,560 the numbers get more accurate. 464 00:26:49,800 --> 00:26:52,200 We then reach the stone I was looking at since this morning. 465 00:26:52,400 --> 00:26:54,640 Erik places the roughness-measuring device over it. 466 00:26:57,320 --> 00:26:58,840 I am curious to know the result 467 00:26:59,040 --> 00:27:01,400 as the block appears to be particularly smooth. 468 00:27:01,600 --> 00:27:04,040 The graph that appears is very flat. 469 00:27:04,800 --> 00:27:10,120 [speaking foreign language] 470 00:27:10,320 --> 00:27:12,880 Variance between the highest and the lowest point on the surface 471 00:27:13,080 --> 00:27:17,400 knowing that 1 micron equals 0.001 millimetre 472 00:27:17,600 --> 00:27:20,600 or that you will need 1000 microns to obtain 1 millimeter, 473 00:27:20,800 --> 00:27:23,920 30 microns, it is 0.03 mm. 474 00:27:24,120 --> 00:27:27,520 this surface is ten times smoother than a modern flat concrete. 475 00:27:27,720 --> 00:27:29,720 Already spotted by Christopher Dunn 476 00:27:29,920 --> 00:27:33,000 an aviation engineer who based his career on precision. 477 00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:36,240 In a hotel room, we cleared of a table 478 00:27:36,440 --> 00:27:38,360 that had a glass table top 479 00:27:38,560 --> 00:27:41,960 The glass table top was within 7 thousands of an inch 480 00:27:42,160 --> 00:27:43,360 of being flat. 481 00:27:43,560 --> 00:27:46,760 Going out to Puma Punku and taking that instrument, 482 00:27:46,960 --> 00:27:49,360 it was within half a thousand of an inch. 483 00:27:49,560 --> 00:27:51,240 Knowing that, on top of it all 484 00:27:51,440 --> 00:27:53,440 surfaces deteriorate over time. 485 00:27:53,640 --> 00:27:57,200 to give you an idea, here is the roughness of every day materials. 486 00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:16,760 He who was talking about copper and abrasion. 487 00:28:16,960 --> 00:28:18,800 Believe me when I tell you that he carefully chooses 488 00:28:19,000 --> 00:28:20,160 his words in front of the camera. 489 00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:37,200 300 kilometers away. 490 00:28:37,400 --> 00:28:39,920 Transporting rocks weighing a few tons across the Andes 491 00:28:40,120 --> 00:28:43,520 and over such a distance does not seem to surprise him that much. 492 00:28:43,720 --> 00:28:45,960 Nothing will ever replace an actual visit. 493 00:28:46,160 --> 00:28:47,520 Although... Sometimes, from a distance 494 00:28:47,720 --> 00:28:50,080 we may discover certain things. 495 00:28:51,640 --> 00:28:53,040 [mysterious music] 496 00:28:53,240 --> 00:28:55,360 One may notice this pattern on a slab. 497 00:28:55,560 --> 00:28:57,000 A researcher told me this pattern 498 00:28:57,200 --> 00:28:59,200 was also present at another enigmatic site in Peru, 499 00:28:59,840 --> 00:29:03,200 over 700 km away as the crow flies. 500 00:29:03,400 --> 00:29:04,520 Nazca. 501 00:29:07,800 --> 00:29:10,960 On this barren plateau, immense lines and representations of animals 502 00:29:11,160 --> 00:29:13,240 have been drawn on the ground by the people of Nazca. 503 00:29:13,440 --> 00:29:15,720 The first evidence of the existence of these people 504 00:29:15,920 --> 00:29:19,000 dates back to about 2300 years ago. 505 00:29:19,200 --> 00:29:21,920 Except for a few stylised representations of animals 506 00:29:22,120 --> 00:29:23,600 one may observe mainly straight lines 507 00:29:23,800 --> 00:29:25,680 some spanning over a few kilometers. 508 00:29:25,880 --> 00:29:28,880 The whole site covers thousands of square kilometers. 509 00:29:29,760 --> 00:29:31,880 We often hear about the "tracks of Nazca". 510 00:29:32,080 --> 00:29:34,160 And some did not hesitate in the past to call these 511 00:29:34,360 --> 00:29:37,800 "landing strips for extra-terrestrial vessels". 512 00:29:38,000 --> 00:29:39,320 How could you seriously consider 513 00:29:39,520 --> 00:29:41,760 that people capable of flying across the universe 514 00:29:41,960 --> 00:29:44,480 might need a landing strip drawn on the ground in order to land 515 00:29:44,680 --> 00:29:46,480 just like one of our planes? 516 00:29:47,320 --> 00:29:49,360 This sounds as stupid as the hypothesis 517 00:29:49,560 --> 00:29:51,560 stating theses patterns were destined to call on the gods 518 00:29:51,760 --> 00:29:53,960 asking for water, rare in the area. 519 00:29:54,160 --> 00:29:57,000 that would imply taking the elders as fools. 520 00:29:57,960 --> 00:29:59,560 At that time, one might have had better things to do 521 00:29:59,760 --> 00:30:02,440 rather than wasting time in a barren area where nothing grows. 522 00:30:04,320 --> 00:30:06,360 Here again, we know nothing. 523 00:30:07,560 --> 00:30:09,480 Although these figures are gigantic 524 00:30:09,680 --> 00:30:11,120 their creation might have been difficult 525 00:30:11,320 --> 00:30:12,880 but far from impossible. 526 00:30:13,320 --> 00:30:15,320 What interests me, is the "why". 527 00:30:15,520 --> 00:30:17,120 We are often shown animal drawings 528 00:30:17,320 --> 00:30:19,360 but the lines are far more impressive. 529 00:30:19,560 --> 00:30:22,080 And both curiously overlap in some places 530 00:30:22,280 --> 00:30:25,960 as if we were looking at 2 eras and 2 very different styles. 531 00:30:26,160 --> 00:30:27,240 On one hand, we have 532 00:30:27,440 --> 00:30:29,640 animal drawings and representations of living beings, 533 00:30:29,840 --> 00:30:31,600 though none of them lived at this latitude. 534 00:30:31,800 --> 00:30:35,080 On the other, we find abstract and immense geometrical lines. 535 00:30:35,280 --> 00:30:38,000 This is inconsistent with a people supposed to have possessed 536 00:30:38,200 --> 00:30:39,680 only primitive technology. 537 00:30:39,880 --> 00:30:42,320 Similarly to the H-shape blocks of Puma Punku. 538 00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:44,160 Let's look at what we have. 539 00:30:44,360 --> 00:30:47,200 From the people of Rapa Nui to the Inca Empire, 540 00:30:47,400 --> 00:30:48,600 partly because of foreign invasions, 541 00:30:48,800 --> 00:30:50,560 we do not know for certain the why and the how 542 00:30:50,760 --> 00:30:53,120 of all these constructions. 543 00:30:53,320 --> 00:30:55,040 But we can see they have usually been executed 544 00:30:55,240 --> 00:30:56,520 in inaccessible areas 545 00:30:56,720 --> 00:30:58,160 in the desert, on top of hills 546 00:30:58,360 --> 00:31:00,000 or on very steep mountainsides. 547 00:31:00,200 --> 00:31:01,160 Each time, 548 00:31:01,360 --> 00:31:03,120 there seems to be at least 2 different eras 549 00:31:03,320 --> 00:31:04,520 and the most ancient era 550 00:31:04,720 --> 00:31:08,480 appears to have a taste for abstract geometrical patterns. 551 00:31:08,680 --> 00:31:11,160 [wondrous music] 552 00:31:18,400 --> 00:31:21,080 Peru is a vast and magnificent land 553 00:31:21,280 --> 00:31:22,640 as its people. 554 00:31:28,120 --> 00:31:31,200 It is said there are over 1200 sites listed 555 00:31:31,400 --> 00:31:34,440 and one would need a lot of time in order to see them all. 556 00:31:35,240 --> 00:31:37,440 Sometimes I just trust my intuition 557 00:31:37,640 --> 00:31:40,080 and let myself be guided by the people I meet. 558 00:31:40,280 --> 00:31:43,360 This is how I discovered the next site. 559 00:31:44,080 --> 00:31:47,040 [wondrous music] 560 00:31:48,800 --> 00:31:51,440 After a drive of about 30 km of dirt track 561 00:31:51,640 --> 00:31:53,840 this site is difficult to access. 562 00:32:11,080 --> 00:32:14,840 A low stonewall covers the back wall. 563 00:32:15,040 --> 00:32:16,840 Another stonewall outside 564 00:32:17,040 --> 00:32:19,080 leads us to believe that we are in some kind of sheepfold. 565 00:32:19,280 --> 00:32:22,040 Up until now, nothing abnormal except for the fact that, 566 00:32:22,240 --> 00:32:26,200 for some unknown reason, the other sidewall has been cut. 567 00:32:27,760 --> 00:32:31,240 [wondrous music] 568 00:32:34,920 --> 00:32:38,080 And as we turn around, we discover that, at the entry of this cave, 569 00:32:38,280 --> 00:32:41,000 the stones have been entirely sculpted. 570 00:32:44,040 --> 00:32:46,000 [wondrous music] 571 00:32:52,480 --> 00:32:54,240 Here again, the feeling that you are facing 572 00:32:54,440 --> 00:32:56,560 2 different eras in the building of the structure 573 00:32:56,760 --> 00:32:58,040 is strong. 574 00:32:58,240 --> 00:33:00,560 This feeling is confirmed by these outer structures 575 00:33:00,760 --> 00:33:02,360 in the same style as the sheepfold. 576 00:33:02,560 --> 00:33:04,280 A latter imitation? 577 00:33:06,520 --> 00:33:09,040 The work is clean and the cut outs are beautiful 578 00:33:09,240 --> 00:33:10,320 but wait to see the next site 579 00:33:10,520 --> 00:33:13,120 located far far away from Peru 580 00:33:13,320 --> 00:33:15,720 in India, in the Bihar region. 581 00:33:17,120 --> 00:33:20,000 [traditional indian music] 582 00:33:29,080 --> 00:33:31,920 [singing in foreign language] 583 00:33:39,440 --> 00:33:43,640 We find 7 caves entirely excavated from massive granite blocks, 584 00:33:43,840 --> 00:33:45,720 spread over 2 main sites. 585 00:33:46,680 --> 00:33:48,560 4 at Barabar 586 00:33:53,520 --> 00:33:55,480 and 3 at Nagarjuni. 587 00:33:57,680 --> 00:34:00,280 Amongst them, 2 remain unfinished. 588 00:34:01,240 --> 00:34:03,320 They are considered to be the oldest caves in India 589 00:34:03,520 --> 00:34:05,920 and they may have been built between the 3rd and 2nd century 590 00:34:06,120 --> 00:34:09,040 before our time, about 2300 years ago 591 00:34:09,240 --> 00:34:10,760 under the reign of King Ashoka, 592 00:34:10,960 --> 00:34:14,480 according to the scriptures carved at the entrance of 3 of the caves. 593 00:34:14,920 --> 00:34:16,280 There are many other caves in India 594 00:34:16,480 --> 00:34:18,760 but these are unique because of their features. 595 00:34:18,960 --> 00:34:19,880 Here again, 596 00:34:20,080 --> 00:34:21,520 one may observe the same contrast 597 00:34:21,720 --> 00:34:23,240 between the seniority of the building 598 00:34:23,440 --> 00:34:26,080 and the sobriety of its geometric shapes. 599 00:34:26,280 --> 00:34:28,000 They were dug into granite rocks, 600 00:34:28,200 --> 00:34:30,160 a material harder than hardened steel? 601 00:34:30,360 --> 00:34:33,320 On these images, the surfaces appear to resemble cement. 602 00:34:33,520 --> 00:34:35,680 However, this is an optical illusion 603 00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:37,800 due to the light and the transparent granite crystals 604 00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:41,800 polished to the extreme, giving the feel of a rough surface. 605 00:34:42,000 --> 00:34:44,200 In reality, they are like this, everywhere. 606 00:34:45,360 --> 00:34:47,720 I asked Jean-Louis Boistel, an experienced stone cutter 607 00:34:47,920 --> 00:34:49,880 who has been working granite for over 40 years 608 00:34:50,080 --> 00:34:52,600 without any modern tools, for his opinion. 609 00:34:52,800 --> 00:34:54,760 I did not even have the time to let him know 610 00:34:54,960 --> 00:34:57,280 these images had been taken with a highly sensitive camera 611 00:34:57,480 --> 00:35:00,240 that allows us to film in the dark as if in full light. 612 00:35:00,440 --> 00:35:02,120 Indeed, with a normal camera 613 00:35:02,320 --> 00:35:03,920 this is what we get. 614 00:35:19,240 --> 00:35:21,400 [mysterious music] 615 00:36:56,160 --> 00:36:58,320 [epic music] 616 00:37:23,080 --> 00:37:24,960 Yet these caves are at least 2300 years old. 617 00:37:25,160 --> 00:37:26,360 The dating only relies 618 00:37:26,560 --> 00:37:28,960 upon the inscriptions carved at the entrance of 3 of them. 619 00:37:29,160 --> 00:37:31,560 However, when looking at these inscriptions in detail, 620 00:37:31,760 --> 00:37:33,520 we can see the work is far from being as clean 621 00:37:33,720 --> 00:37:36,120 as the work produced inside the caves. 622 00:37:36,320 --> 00:37:37,200 In the most complex cave, 623 00:37:37,400 --> 00:37:39,720 the granite has literally become flaky in some parts 624 00:37:39,920 --> 00:37:41,200 which is a natural phenomenon 625 00:37:41,400 --> 00:37:44,720 suggesting that these caves may be older than we think. 626 00:37:44,920 --> 00:37:46,080 In this massive stone, 627 00:37:46,280 --> 00:37:48,240 2 caves have been carved on that side. 628 00:37:48,440 --> 00:37:50,880 The one on the left is fully completed inside 629 00:37:51,080 --> 00:37:53,240 and the entryway also appears to be finished. 630 00:37:53,440 --> 00:37:55,640 The one on the right displays a curved porch 631 00:37:55,840 --> 00:37:58,440 Buddhist-style, corresponding to the era of King Ashoka, 632 00:37:58,640 --> 00:38:01,000 but the inside is unfinished. 633 00:38:01,640 --> 00:38:03,960 The side is surface-sized over 3 sides. 634 00:38:04,160 --> 00:38:07,280 But the vault, the ground and the dome are still raw. 635 00:38:08,120 --> 00:38:10,560 We don't understand why the completed cave 636 00:38:10,760 --> 00:38:12,840 is not the one with the porch, obviously special, 637 00:38:13,040 --> 00:38:15,240 as it is the only cave to have one. 638 00:38:15,440 --> 00:38:17,520 Why was it not completed? 639 00:38:17,720 --> 00:38:19,560 When looking at the porch more closely, 640 00:38:19,760 --> 00:38:22,280 we can see the work is easy on the eye, so to speak. 641 00:38:22,480 --> 00:38:24,240 But, as beautiful as it may look, 642 00:38:24,440 --> 00:38:26,200 it cannot be compared to the work accomplished 643 00:38:26,400 --> 00:38:27,920 on the inside walls of the cave. 644 00:39:02,120 --> 00:39:04,640 This porch is off-centre not vertical. 645 00:39:04,840 --> 00:39:06,800 It is nothing compared to the precision 646 00:39:07,000 --> 00:39:09,280 in the construction of the caves. 647 00:39:09,480 --> 00:39:12,880 [soft music] 648 00:39:17,560 --> 00:39:18,960 According to some archaeologists, 649 00:39:19,600 --> 00:39:21,640 this uncompleted cave could explain in detail 650 00:39:21,840 --> 00:39:24,240 how the other caves would have been constructed. 651 00:39:24,440 --> 00:39:26,080 It is hard, when looking at this work 652 00:39:26,280 --> 00:39:29,200 to imagine it might one day resemble this. 653 00:39:33,120 --> 00:39:36,000 [soft music] 654 00:39:42,600 --> 00:39:43,840 Even more impossible 655 00:39:44,040 --> 00:39:46,640 as the hits on the vault go too deep in some areas. 656 00:40:12,080 --> 00:40:13,840 This cave seems to show a failed attempt 657 00:40:14,040 --> 00:40:16,680 maybe done on a cave that was discovered unfinished. 658 00:40:19,440 --> 00:40:21,920 A king would not take over a cave already completed 659 00:40:22,120 --> 00:40:25,200 but would more likely finish a cave including some modifications. 660 00:40:25,400 --> 00:40:27,640 which would explain the difference in levels on the ground. 661 00:40:27,840 --> 00:40:29,800 And maybe his men did not succeed. 662 00:40:30,000 --> 00:40:33,400 Of course this is pure speculation on my part. 663 00:40:33,600 --> 00:40:35,760 The contrast between the surface-sized wall 664 00:40:35,960 --> 00:40:38,760 and the ceiling seems to confirm the idea of a re-use. 665 00:40:38,960 --> 00:40:40,800 We would need further study of this room 666 00:40:41,000 --> 00:40:43,240 in order to comprehend fully the chronology in the work 667 00:40:43,440 --> 00:40:46,240 and confirm or set aside this hypothesis. 668 00:40:46,920 --> 00:40:50,440 We measured the surfaces with the roughness-measuring device. 669 00:40:52,880 --> 00:40:55,400 [intriguing music] 670 00:41:03,040 --> 00:41:05,480 [speaking foreign language] 671 00:41:12,920 --> 00:41:15,400 There is an average difference of a few microns. 672 00:41:15,600 --> 00:41:18,760 These surfaces are almost as smooth as glass. 673 00:41:19,080 --> 00:41:21,760 [mysterious music] 674 00:41:21,960 --> 00:41:23,680 But it was when we took the measurements 675 00:41:23,880 --> 00:41:26,080 that I started to understand. 676 00:41:26,280 --> 00:41:29,520 The precision tolerance varies between about 2 and 5 mm. 677 00:41:29,720 --> 00:41:32,000 The takings of measurements with a rangefinder 678 00:41:32,200 --> 00:41:34,000 are difficult because the walls are tilted. 679 00:41:34,200 --> 00:41:37,760 What tools were used to accomplish such an exact work? 680 00:41:38,600 --> 00:41:40,920 Some defects in the polishing do confirm 681 00:41:41,120 --> 00:41:42,320 that these caves were hand-made 682 00:41:42,520 --> 00:41:44,960 which renders the need for accuracy even more pronounced. 683 00:41:45,160 --> 00:41:46,640 When I say "hand-made" 684 00:41:46,840 --> 00:41:49,160 I am considering quite powerful portable tools 685 00:41:49,360 --> 00:41:51,000 besides simple chisels and hammers. 686 00:41:51,200 --> 00:41:52,440 But why such precision? 687 00:41:52,640 --> 00:41:53,920 What is the point? 688 00:41:55,600 --> 00:41:57,480 [mysterious music] 689 00:41:57,680 --> 00:41:59,280 A gap of a few centimeters 690 00:41:59,480 --> 00:42:02,600 would be difficult to see with a naked eye and in full light. 691 00:42:02,800 --> 00:42:03,880 I was leaving Barabar 692 00:42:04,080 --> 00:42:06,720 with the feeling that these caves had more to offer. 693 00:42:06,920 --> 00:42:09,720 However we could no longer settle for a roughness-measuring device 694 00:42:09,920 --> 00:42:12,440 and a rangefinder, we needed more precise equipment. 695 00:42:12,640 --> 00:42:14,840 From Easter Island to India, via Peru, 696 00:42:15,040 --> 00:42:17,160 we may observe 2 very different styles. 697 00:42:17,360 --> 00:42:19,960 The work that is the most ancient is also the largest 698 00:42:20,160 --> 00:42:22,120 the most precise and the best assembled. 699 00:42:22,320 --> 00:42:25,520 It is the case on Easter Island, At Ollantaytambo, 700 00:42:26,000 --> 00:42:27,240 at Machu Picchu 701 00:42:28,200 --> 00:42:29,480 at Naupa Iglesia 702 00:42:30,600 --> 00:42:31,920 and in Egypt. 703 00:42:33,600 --> 00:42:35,000 Why this need for accuracy? 704 00:42:37,000 --> 00:42:39,200 [soft music] 705 00:42:39,400 --> 00:42:41,160 I was leaving for Egypt with Erik Gonthier 706 00:42:41,360 --> 00:42:42,800 who was growing more and more embarrassed 707 00:42:43,000 --> 00:42:44,120 by all of our discoveries. 708 00:42:44,680 --> 00:42:47,000 Few scientists accept to appear in these types of movies, 709 00:42:47,200 --> 00:42:50,320 afraid to look like raving lunatics in the eyes of their colleagues. 710 00:42:50,520 --> 00:42:52,600 But like me, he wanted to understand. 711 00:42:52,800 --> 00:42:55,320 Neither he nor I had any hypothesis. 712 00:42:55,520 --> 00:42:57,960 I was just unravelling the facts following an intuition 713 00:42:58,160 --> 00:43:00,080 I was looking to validate through reason 714 00:43:00,280 --> 00:43:02,920 whilst he was taking measurements and data. 715 00:43:22,080 --> 00:43:23,720 The granite used to build the sarcophagi 716 00:43:23,920 --> 00:43:26,080 comes from one of the quarries in Aswan 717 00:43:26,280 --> 00:43:28,120 about 900 km away from Saqqarah 718 00:43:28,320 --> 00:43:30,880 located 1km away from the Nile river, 719 00:43:31,080 --> 00:43:33,520 distance on which the 22 sarcophagi 720 00:43:33,720 --> 00:43:35,520 had to be transported. 721 00:43:35,720 --> 00:43:37,760 [traditional music] 722 00:43:45,600 --> 00:43:48,480 However, despite it being an extraordinary work 723 00:43:48,680 --> 00:43:52,400 surfaces are a little less precise than the ones observed at Barabar. 724 00:44:06,720 --> 00:44:08,640 How did these 22 sarcophagi 725 00:44:08,840 --> 00:44:11,360 and their lids get moved into such a small space? 726 00:44:13,240 --> 00:44:16,520 Why, yet again, the need for such accuracy 727 00:44:16,720 --> 00:44:18,400 for sarcophagi destined to hold bulls 728 00:44:18,600 --> 00:44:20,760 even if these bulls were sacred? 729 00:44:21,640 --> 00:44:22,960 How did they work underground? 730 00:44:23,720 --> 00:44:26,920 How did they get enough light to accomplish such polishing? 731 00:44:27,120 --> 00:44:29,400 What were their tools? How did they breathe? 732 00:44:29,600 --> 00:44:33,000 Have Egyptologists looked into these questions in their publications? 733 00:44:33,200 --> 00:44:34,360 If this is the case 734 00:44:34,560 --> 00:44:36,360 I am more than curious to know the answers. 735 00:44:36,560 --> 00:44:38,360 Because these are the types of tools shown 736 00:44:38,560 --> 00:44:40,160 when one talks about the stone cutting techniques 737 00:44:40,360 --> 00:44:41,640 of Ancient Egypt. 738 00:44:41,840 --> 00:44:44,200 When we're looking to Ancient Egypt 739 00:44:44,400 --> 00:44:49,960 and we follow their civilization over a 3000 year period, 740 00:44:50,160 --> 00:44:54,680 we are told that they used very simple tools 741 00:44:54,880 --> 00:44:57,120 at the beginning of their civilization, 742 00:44:57,320 --> 00:45:00,960 such as copper chisels, wooden mallets, 743 00:45:01,160 --> 00:45:03,160 stone chisels, stone hammers... 744 00:45:03,360 --> 00:45:06,720 and then you follow the progress of that civilization 745 00:45:06,920 --> 00:45:09,680 over 3000 years and it ends up : 746 00:45:09,880 --> 00:45:12,720 they're still using the same tools as they started with. 747 00:45:12,920 --> 00:45:14,000 that doesn't make sense. 748 00:45:14,680 --> 00:45:16,800 Christopher Dunn offers the vision of an engineer 749 00:45:17,000 --> 00:45:18,480 through all of his observations, 750 00:45:18,680 --> 00:45:19,840 no matter what the techniques are 751 00:45:20,040 --> 00:45:23,080 the thought process is rigorously the same throughout the ages. 752 00:45:23,280 --> 00:45:26,000 Especially regarding the complex structure of Ancient Egypt. 753 00:45:26,200 --> 00:45:27,400 Tools had to evolve. 754 00:45:27,600 --> 00:45:29,920 we go from a single stone to a stone tied up to a medium 755 00:45:30,120 --> 00:45:32,200 then, little by little, the tool is perfected. 756 00:45:32,400 --> 00:45:35,080 However, and despite the fact that master pieces were created 757 00:45:35,280 --> 00:45:38,640 for some unknown reason, it may have not happened that way. 758 00:45:43,600 --> 00:45:45,760 [traditional music] 759 00:46:13,000 --> 00:46:17,240 Particularly when you look into what they created, 760 00:46:17,440 --> 00:46:20,680 because the tools they have found in the archaeological records 761 00:46:20,880 --> 00:46:25,760 are not capable to create these artifacts from that period. 762 00:46:26,920 --> 00:46:29,160 Convinced for over 20 years that the Egyptians 763 00:46:29,360 --> 00:46:31,040 are indeed the creators of these structures, 764 00:46:31,240 --> 00:46:33,400 Christopher Dunn has been tracking down their tools. 765 00:46:33,960 --> 00:46:36,960 Clearly more elaborated in regard to their constructions 766 00:46:37,160 --> 00:46:39,400 which he explains in detail in his work 767 00:46:41,040 --> 00:46:43,680 [traditional music] 768 00:46:55,280 --> 00:46:59,000 Each stone of the outer wall weighs between 200 and 400 tons. 769 00:46:59,200 --> 00:47:01,080 It's completely surreal. 770 00:47:01,280 --> 00:47:03,840 So much so in fact that nobody has tried to discover 771 00:47:04,040 --> 00:47:05,880 how they could have done this. 772 00:47:13,720 --> 00:47:15,600 Theses stones have then been covered by granite paving 773 00:47:16,240 --> 00:47:18,280 from Aswan, as usual. 774 00:47:20,720 --> 00:47:24,040 We notice that these massive stones all have different shapes 775 00:47:24,240 --> 00:47:25,880 fitting together accurately. 776 00:47:26,080 --> 00:47:29,400 I have never heard nor read any serious explanation 777 00:47:29,600 --> 00:47:31,280 regarding the building of this temple 778 00:47:31,480 --> 00:47:34,720 as if piling up stones weighing 200 to 400 tons 779 00:47:34,920 --> 00:47:36,200 was just child's play. 780 00:47:36,400 --> 00:47:38,880 For some, the builders would have used ramps to raise them. 781 00:47:39,080 --> 00:47:40,160 Others mention hoists. 782 00:47:40,360 --> 00:47:41,800 Get some information regarding 783 00:47:42,000 --> 00:47:43,960 the difficulty of transporting such heavy loads 784 00:47:44,160 --> 00:47:46,080 and you will understand that the enigma 785 00:47:46,280 --> 00:47:47,560 is far from being solved. 786 00:47:47,760 --> 00:47:51,320 sites which, according to our History have nothing in common 787 00:47:51,520 --> 00:47:52,560 except for the fact 788 00:47:52,760 --> 00:47:54,320 that they have been created by people 789 00:47:54,520 --> 00:47:56,440 who were barely clothed. 790 00:47:59,520 --> 00:48:01,760 The temple of the Valley is located below Giza 791 00:48:01,960 --> 00:48:05,080 some hundred meters away from the greatest of all pyramids. 792 00:48:05,280 --> 00:48:08,520 On the 30th Parallel, about 4500 years ago 793 00:48:08,720 --> 00:48:11,120 the Great Pyramid of Giza would have been built. 794 00:48:11,320 --> 00:48:13,800 if we go by the dating of Egyptology. 795 00:48:14,000 --> 00:48:15,840 No text mentions its construction 796 00:48:16,040 --> 00:48:17,720 nor the construction of the Median Pyramid 797 00:48:17,920 --> 00:48:20,400 also known as Khafre Pyramid, 798 00:48:20,600 --> 00:48:23,600 nor the small one, also known as Mikerinos Pyramid. 799 00:48:23,800 --> 00:48:25,560 In fact, this is not quite right. 800 00:48:25,760 --> 00:48:28,600 fragments of papyrus dated from the end of the 4th dynasty 801 00:48:28,800 --> 00:48:30,240 discovered in 2013 802 00:48:30,440 --> 00:48:33,040 do mention the transport of limestone blocks from Tourah, 803 00:48:33,240 --> 00:48:35,640 those used for the cladding of the great Pyramid, 804 00:48:35,840 --> 00:48:36,640 but nothing else. 805 00:48:36,840 --> 00:48:39,960 no reference to the more than 2 million blocks of limestone 806 00:48:40,160 --> 00:48:42,000 that came from other quarries. 807 00:48:47,600 --> 00:48:49,720 Its construction remains an enigma to this day. 808 00:48:50,680 --> 00:48:53,400 The site of Giza is built over a limestone plateau 809 00:48:53,600 --> 00:48:55,280 originally made of flattened hills 810 00:48:55,480 --> 00:48:57,160 as we can see on the median Pyramid. 811 00:48:59,560 --> 00:49:02,200 For the Great Pyramid, the builders kept part of the hill. 812 00:49:02,400 --> 00:49:05,360 Some kind of giant pivot of about 6 meters high 813 00:49:05,560 --> 00:49:07,480 around which it was built. 814 00:49:08,080 --> 00:49:11,080 First, they paved about 60 000 square meters in surface 815 00:49:11,280 --> 00:49:12,800 minus the surface of the pivot 816 00:49:13,000 --> 00:49:15,000 which allowed them to keep a great part of the blocks 817 00:49:15,200 --> 00:49:17,360 for the construction. But these paving blocks, 818 00:49:17,560 --> 00:49:19,800 weighing a ton anda half on average are not all identical 819 00:49:20,000 --> 00:49:21,120 and have complex shapes 820 00:49:21,320 --> 00:49:23,640 which makes joining them even more complicated. 821 00:49:23,840 --> 00:49:26,120 This is even more complex as the ground has been carved 822 00:49:26,320 --> 00:49:28,000 in order to insert these blocks. 823 00:49:28,200 --> 00:49:29,680 It is a giant puzzle in 3D. 824 00:49:30,960 --> 00:49:33,400 Once this was completed they built the base of the pyramid 825 00:49:33,600 --> 00:49:34,560 which is almost flat 826 00:49:34,760 --> 00:49:36,880 as noted by the Egyptologist Mark Lehner. 827 00:49:37,080 --> 00:49:39,400 He detected a difference of only a few centimeters 828 00:49:39,600 --> 00:49:41,600 from one end to the other of the pavestone 829 00:49:41,800 --> 00:49:45,120 which spreads over 230 meters in length. 830 00:49:45,320 --> 00:49:47,680 We do wonder a lot about the means to obtain such precision 831 00:49:47,880 --> 00:49:50,600 with the basic tools commonly attributed to the Egyptians. 832 00:49:50,800 --> 00:49:53,720 That is, if they were indeed the builders of this site. 833 00:49:53,920 --> 00:49:56,720 Then, they piled up over 2 million limestone blocks 834 00:49:56,920 --> 00:49:58,840 in successive rounds up to the top. 835 00:49:59,040 --> 00:50:02,360 There again, we can see the height of the rounds is not the same 836 00:50:02,560 --> 00:50:04,240 and the blocks all have different shapes 837 00:50:04,440 --> 00:50:07,040 meaning that they did not place the blocks randomly. 838 00:50:08,880 --> 00:50:10,640 The work was done with such precision 839 00:50:10,840 --> 00:50:14,160 that the edges of the pyramid remain unbroken up to the top. 840 00:50:16,960 --> 00:50:18,440 Today, the blocks of the cladding 841 00:50:18,640 --> 00:50:21,000 made of limestone from Tourah are missing. 842 00:50:21,200 --> 00:50:23,920 [enigmatic music] 843 00:50:24,120 --> 00:50:26,560 Blocks may have fallen down following a violent earthquake 844 00:50:26,760 --> 00:50:27,720 in the 14th century, 845 00:50:27,920 --> 00:50:30,800 cladding we can still see on the top of the median pyramid. 846 00:50:31,000 --> 00:50:33,000 Cladding that rendered the great pyramid 847 00:50:33,200 --> 00:50:35,040 entirely smooth from the outside. 848 00:50:39,400 --> 00:50:42,320 It was oriented with stupefying precision to True North 849 00:50:42,520 --> 00:50:44,720 with variation of only 1/500th of a degree, 850 00:50:44,920 --> 00:50:46,160 precision that would take us 851 00:50:46,360 --> 00:50:47,640 thousands of years to achieve again 852 00:50:47,840 --> 00:50:49,960 even with our modern equipment. 853 00:50:50,920 --> 00:50:52,720 The first difficulty was to establish 854 00:50:52,920 --> 00:50:55,520 directing lines on the ground with such precision. 855 00:50:55,720 --> 00:50:56,800 And the second, 856 00:50:57,000 --> 00:50:58,320 to raise the 2 million blocks, 857 00:50:58,520 --> 00:51:00,280 while maintaining this precision. 858 00:51:00,480 --> 00:51:01,840 How did they do it? 859 00:51:02,040 --> 00:51:03,600 No one knows. 860 00:51:05,240 --> 00:51:07,520 The base of the great pyramid is not a perfect square 861 00:51:07,720 --> 00:51:09,360 but is slightly octagonal. 862 00:51:09,560 --> 00:51:11,880 This indentation is visible on these images 863 00:51:12,080 --> 00:51:13,680 as well as on satellites pictures. 864 00:51:13,880 --> 00:51:17,560 For unknown reasons, the small pyramid also has this oddity. 865 00:51:17,760 --> 00:51:19,600 but not the median pyramid. 866 00:51:19,800 --> 00:51:21,640 What does it imply? 867 00:51:21,840 --> 00:51:25,280 On top of managing raising each round of blocks of various sizes 868 00:51:25,480 --> 00:51:28,680 they also had to deal with this indentation right up to the top, 869 00:51:28,880 --> 00:51:31,040 considerably complicating construction. 870 00:51:31,240 --> 00:51:33,320 The great pyramid was so smooth 871 00:51:33,520 --> 00:51:36,800 that it made it impossible to see the entryway on the north face. 872 00:51:37,000 --> 00:51:40,040 How can we confirm this with confidence? 873 00:51:40,840 --> 00:51:42,560 Because, if this was not the case 874 00:51:42,760 --> 00:51:45,360 in the 9th century, the men of the Caliph Al Mammoun 875 00:51:45,560 --> 00:51:47,880 would not have dug a long tunnel within the great pyramid, 876 00:51:48,080 --> 00:51:51,240 only a few meters below the actual entryway. 877 00:51:52,000 --> 00:51:54,560 This confirms that still at that time, 878 00:51:54,760 --> 00:51:56,600 no entryway was visible. 879 00:51:56,800 --> 00:51:58,560 Moreover, either they were well informed 880 00:51:58,760 --> 00:51:59,800 or they got really lucky 881 00:52:00,000 --> 00:52:02,440 as the tunnel was dug up on the accurate face of the Pyramid 882 00:52:02,640 --> 00:52:04,000 and precisely reached the junction 883 00:52:04,200 --> 00:52:06,320 of the ascending and descending hallways. 884 00:52:06,520 --> 00:52:07,720 We notice, in passing 885 00:52:07,920 --> 00:52:10,440 in this hallway, that all the inside layers of the blocks 886 00:52:10,640 --> 00:52:12,520 are set up together accurately. 887 00:52:12,720 --> 00:52:15,080 we feel as though we are in a compact limestone mass. 888 00:52:15,280 --> 00:52:18,040 It gives an idea of the overall work. 889 00:52:18,720 --> 00:52:20,640 According to Professor André Pochan, 890 00:52:20,840 --> 00:52:22,120 mathematician, physicist and teacher 891 00:52:22,320 --> 00:52:23,880 at Cairo High School in the thirties, 892 00:52:24,080 --> 00:52:24,880 this indentation 893 00:52:25,080 --> 00:52:26,640 would have allowed for what he called 894 00:52:26,840 --> 00:52:28,560 "the lightning phenomenon", 895 00:52:28,760 --> 00:52:30,760 precisely indicating the equinoxes 896 00:52:30,960 --> 00:52:33,960 as seen on this aerial picture by the Royal Air Force. 897 00:52:34,160 --> 00:52:35,960 This led him to photograph this phenomenon 898 00:52:36,160 --> 00:52:38,120 on the 21st of March 1934, 899 00:52:38,320 --> 00:52:41,320 using infrared cameras, the height of technology at the time, 900 00:52:41,520 --> 00:52:44,600 in order to show the temperature differences on the south face, 901 00:52:44,800 --> 00:52:48,600 here in these 3 photographs taken 15 seconds apart. 902 00:52:48,800 --> 00:52:50,240 Thanks to this indentation 903 00:52:50,440 --> 00:52:52,760 when the sun reaches the ridge at the time of the equinox, 904 00:52:52,960 --> 00:52:55,840 it first lightens up half of the south face for a few seconds, 905 00:52:56,040 --> 00:52:57,560 dividing it in 2 equal parts, 906 00:52:57,760 --> 00:52:59,520 then goes on to illuminate the whole of it 907 00:52:59,720 --> 00:53:01,600 leading to what Professor Pochan baptised 908 00:53:01,800 --> 00:53:03,240 "the lightning". 909 00:53:03,720 --> 00:53:06,600 For some, Pochan is mistaken as, according to them, 910 00:53:06,800 --> 00:53:09,680 the cladding of the Great Pyramid did not have any indentation. 911 00:53:09,880 --> 00:53:12,320 To confirm this, they are looking at the few cladding blocks 912 00:53:12,520 --> 00:53:14,480 visible on the North face of the Great Pyramid. 913 00:53:14,680 --> 00:53:16,120 There again, when you look further, 914 00:53:16,320 --> 00:53:18,720 you will find that these blocks are not the original ones. 915 00:53:18,920 --> 00:53:19,920 You can see them here, 916 00:53:20,120 --> 00:53:21,600 photographed by the Morton brothers. 917 00:53:21,800 --> 00:53:24,200 Despite some damage, these blocks are in excellent condition 918 00:53:24,400 --> 00:53:25,760 when compared to the blocks behind them, 919 00:53:25,960 --> 00:53:28,960 which have not been exposed to the air since the 14th Century. 920 00:53:29,160 --> 00:53:31,840 Here you can see them a century later, quite eroded. 921 00:53:35,600 --> 00:53:36,880 Let's reason logically. 922 00:53:37,080 --> 00:53:40,120 Why would these builders have considerably complicated their work 923 00:53:40,320 --> 00:53:42,160 by managing the raising of indented faces 924 00:53:42,360 --> 00:53:43,840 with blocks of various sizes 925 00:53:44,040 --> 00:53:45,440 in order, after that 926 00:53:45,640 --> 00:53:48,840 to set up flat cladding blocks to fill in this indentation? 927 00:53:49,520 --> 00:53:51,280 Should Professor Pochan be right 928 00:53:51,480 --> 00:53:55,080 Imagine the complexity of both the design and the execution here. 929 00:53:56,760 --> 00:53:58,520 Let's move to the internal structure, 930 00:53:58,720 --> 00:54:01,920 considered by many to be a building site in itself. 931 00:54:03,680 --> 00:54:05,640 It is made up of 2 main hallways. 932 00:54:05,840 --> 00:54:07,760 The descending hallway crosses the foundation 933 00:54:07,960 --> 00:54:09,680 to then plummet to the limestone plateau, 934 00:54:09,880 --> 00:54:11,680 oriented at 26,18 degrees. 935 00:54:11,880 --> 00:54:13,480 Please do remember this number. 936 00:54:13,680 --> 00:54:16,600 Leading to the unfinished underground chamber. 937 00:54:16,800 --> 00:54:19,280 The ascending hallway leads to the median chamber 938 00:54:19,480 --> 00:54:21,800 then to the high chamber, crossing the Great Gallery. 939 00:54:22,000 --> 00:54:25,800 It also carries a gradient of 26,18 degrees. 940 00:54:26,520 --> 00:54:29,120 This internal structure defies all logic 941 00:54:29,320 --> 00:54:31,800 We are moving from a 1 meter by 1 meter hallway 942 00:54:32,000 --> 00:54:35,680 to a room 8,5 meters high over 50 meters in length 943 00:54:35,880 --> 00:54:39,280 whose purpose, if any, remains totally unknown. 944 00:54:40,840 --> 00:54:43,760 The median chamber is entirely built of limestone. 945 00:54:43,960 --> 00:54:47,760 It has a chevron ceiling and a curiously off-center niche. 946 00:54:48,000 --> 00:54:50,480 [dramatic music] 947 00:54:50,680 --> 00:54:53,760 And finally the High Chamber. 948 00:54:53,960 --> 00:54:56,680 This chamber is made exclusively of granite slabs. 949 00:54:56,880 --> 00:54:59,880 It is the only place in the pyramid where they are found, 950 00:55:00,080 --> 00:55:04,360 granite from Aswan, located 900 km away from Giza. 951 00:55:04,560 --> 00:55:07,360 These slabs weigh between 12 and 70 tons 952 00:55:07,880 --> 00:55:09,120 They were extracted here, 953 00:55:09,320 --> 00:55:11,560 may have been transported over the Nile River 954 00:55:11,760 --> 00:55:13,520 raised 40 meters on the Giza Plateau 955 00:55:13,720 --> 00:55:15,600 then another 50 meters in the pyramid 956 00:55:15,800 --> 00:55:17,360 to be precisely configured to guarantee 957 00:55:17,560 --> 00:55:20,920 the horizontality and the verticality of the room. 958 00:55:22,880 --> 00:55:25,960 Just this, in itself, defies all reason. 959 00:55:28,040 --> 00:55:30,760 They needed to manage this building site at the same time as the site 960 00:55:30,960 --> 00:55:33,640 where the limestone blocks were extracted from. Why? 961 00:55:33,840 --> 00:55:36,840 The sarcophagus, for example, is too big to go through the opening. 962 00:55:37,040 --> 00:55:39,200 Therefore it needed to be placed inside 963 00:55:39,400 --> 00:55:41,920 prior to erecting the sidewalls. 964 00:55:42,120 --> 00:55:44,200 One may talk for a long time about how to maneuver 965 00:55:44,400 --> 00:55:47,760 and adjust such heavy blocks with great accuracy. 966 00:55:47,960 --> 00:55:51,720 but Let's talk about Egyptology and what it has to teach us. 967 00:55:51,920 --> 00:55:54,240 One would have employed about 15 000 men 968 00:55:54,440 --> 00:55:56,880 over a 20-year period to build the great pyramid. 969 00:55:57,080 --> 00:55:58,120 We know nothing of the tools 970 00:55:58,320 --> 00:56:00,840 and we can at best speculate about the methods. 971 00:56:01,040 --> 00:56:03,120 We do not know more about the complex management 972 00:56:03,320 --> 00:56:04,560 of building such a site. 973 00:56:04,760 --> 00:56:07,520 Getting them to eat, sleep, healing them if necessary, 974 00:56:07,720 --> 00:56:11,640 since these workers lacked gloves or any kind of footwear safety. 975 00:56:12,440 --> 00:56:14,600 This great endeavor was reportedly undertaken 976 00:56:14,800 --> 00:56:17,320 to deliver a cenotaph for King Kheops when he died, 977 00:56:17,520 --> 00:56:19,280 meaning it was utilized during a ceremony 978 00:56:19,480 --> 00:56:22,160 allowing the soul of the King to rise towards the heavens. 979 00:56:22,360 --> 00:56:23,960 Once the ritual was accomplished, 980 00:56:24,160 --> 00:56:25,720 the pyramid would be hermetically sealed 981 00:56:25,920 --> 00:56:28,360 and the mummy would be transported elsewhere. 982 00:56:28,560 --> 00:56:31,800 There is no inscription anywhere, no gigantic statue, no signature. 983 00:56:32,000 --> 00:56:33,880 the only thing left from this megalomaniac king 984 00:56:34,080 --> 00:56:35,600 is a 7 cm statue 985 00:56:35,800 --> 00:56:38,480 and the testimony, sometimes crazy, of Herodotus 986 00:56:38,680 --> 00:56:40,600 more than 2000 years later 987 00:56:40,800 --> 00:56:44,600 which is, in vast parts, the basis for all of the theses of Egyptology. 988 00:56:46,200 --> 00:56:49,560 No matter what, 20 or even 30 years to build the Great Pyramid 989 00:56:49,760 --> 00:56:51,440 appears to be totally impossible 990 00:56:51,640 --> 00:56:53,920 with regard to the example that follows. 991 00:56:54,840 --> 00:56:56,720 Here is the entry to the temple of Karnak 992 00:56:56,920 --> 00:56:58,760 that measures about 110 meters in length, 993 00:56:58,960 --> 00:57:01,480 40 meters in height and 15 meters in width. 994 00:57:01,680 --> 00:57:03,720 it would have taken 17 years to be built. 995 00:57:03,920 --> 00:57:06,520 10 years for the basement, 7 years for the rest of the building. 996 00:57:06,720 --> 00:57:10,120 And it would have been erected a lot later than the Great Pyramid. 997 00:57:11,160 --> 00:57:12,600 But let's go back to Puma Punku, 998 00:57:12,800 --> 00:57:15,800 as I have not told you everything about this site. 999 00:57:16,360 --> 00:57:19,000 It was during an interview that one of the members of our team 1000 00:57:19,200 --> 00:57:21,840 had the intuition to measure the H-shape blocks, 1001 00:57:22,040 --> 00:57:24,600 which is what we did straight away. 1002 00:57:24,800 --> 00:57:28,120 This gap is set at exactly 22 cm. 1003 00:57:29,720 --> 00:57:33,400 On another block, it is 21,9 cm. 1004 00:57:33,600 --> 00:57:35,280 or a 1 mm difference. 1005 00:57:35,480 --> 00:57:37,080 [dramatic music] 1006 00:57:42,440 --> 00:57:44,680 21,9 cm on a third one. 1007 00:57:44,880 --> 00:57:47,080 There again, 1 mm difference. 1008 00:57:47,280 --> 00:57:49,640 In the middle of the site are 2 H-shaped blocks 1009 00:57:49,840 --> 00:57:51,040 in excellent condition. 1010 00:57:51,240 --> 00:57:52,360 At the back on the blocks, 1011 00:57:52,560 --> 00:57:54,560 one may see a pattern in the shape of a cross 1012 00:57:54,760 --> 00:57:57,240 that we decided to go and measure. 1013 00:58:05,560 --> 00:58:08,040 [suspenseful action music] 1014 00:58:10,520 --> 00:58:13,120 [device beeping] 1015 00:58:13,320 --> 00:58:15,280 [incredulous laughter] 1016 00:58:58,480 --> 00:59:00,480 The H-shape blocks are 1 meter high. 1017 00:59:00,680 --> 00:59:03,040 The crosses are 30 cm in width. 1018 00:59:03,240 --> 00:59:05,680 This gap here, 22 cm. 1019 00:59:05,880 --> 00:59:07,240 We are in the metric system. 1020 00:59:29,480 --> 00:59:31,320 I told you Erik was a courageous man. 1021 00:59:31,520 --> 00:59:33,000 The meter in a pre-Inca site 1022 00:59:33,200 --> 00:59:35,960 is not very easy to integrate into the accepted chronology. 1023 00:59:36,160 --> 00:59:37,960 But why is it so disturbing? 1024 00:59:38,160 --> 00:59:39,160 Because, first of all, 1025 00:59:39,360 --> 00:59:41,320 the meter is based on the measurements of the Earth. 1026 00:59:41,520 --> 00:59:44,280 So we can't define it if one has not measured the Earth. 1027 00:59:44,480 --> 00:59:46,360 And secondly because the Earth was measured 1028 00:59:46,560 --> 00:59:48,480 and the meter was set in 1795. 1029 00:59:48,680 --> 00:59:51,000 So unless one strongly believes in coincidences, 1030 00:59:51,200 --> 00:59:54,280 logically, we should not find this unit before this date. 1031 00:59:54,480 --> 00:59:56,600 And it is even more troubling to find it on blocks 1032 00:59:56,800 --> 00:59:58,320 with such particular shapes, 1033 00:59:58,520 --> 01:00:02,640 which, if they were in wood, would seem unnoticed in an Ikea store. 1034 01:00:03,440 --> 01:00:05,080 This must have been appreciated 1035 01:00:05,280 --> 01:00:06,960 because it was identically reproduced 1036 01:00:07,160 --> 01:00:10,120 at an altitude of 4000 meters in the middle of nowhere, 1037 01:00:10,320 --> 01:00:11,360 measured in meters. 1038 01:00:12,240 --> 01:00:13,760 We measured three H-shape blocks 1039 01:00:13,960 --> 01:00:16,920 as the others were either too deteriorated or unreachable. 1040 01:00:17,120 --> 01:00:19,520 They were more readily available in 1892 1041 01:00:19,720 --> 01:00:22,440 when they were also measured using the metric system. 1042 01:00:25,120 --> 01:00:26,000 So here is the problem. 1043 01:00:26,680 --> 01:00:29,320 Because the meter is connected to the measurement of the Earth, 1044 01:00:29,520 --> 01:00:31,320 if pre-Inca people built this site, 1045 01:00:31,520 --> 01:00:33,160 then there are not many possibilities. 1046 01:00:33,360 --> 01:00:34,200 Either it is by chance 1047 01:00:34,400 --> 01:00:36,400 or pre-Inca people measured the Earth, 1048 01:00:36,600 --> 01:00:38,360 or this knowledge was given to them. 1049 01:00:38,560 --> 01:00:40,840 Whether it was deliberate or not, this meter is found elsewhere. 1050 01:00:41,720 --> 01:00:42,760 Let's go back to Egypt. 1051 01:00:42,960 --> 01:00:44,800 [tape rewinding then stopping] 1052 01:00:45,520 --> 01:00:47,160 This inscription would have been carved 1053 01:00:47,360 --> 01:00:49,040 at the entrance of the Plato Academy 1054 01:00:49,240 --> 01:00:50,840 but it could as well have been carved 1055 01:00:51,040 --> 01:00:53,160 at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. 1056 01:00:53,840 --> 01:00:55,560 Egyptians were taking measurements in cubits 1057 01:00:55,760 --> 01:00:58,040 and the original dimensions of the Great Pyramid 1058 01:00:58,240 --> 01:01:01,160 including its cladding, dimensions everybody agrees on, 1059 01:01:01,360 --> 01:01:03,520 are 440 cubits at the base, 1060 01:01:03,720 --> 01:01:05,880 and 280 cubits in height. 1061 01:01:06,080 --> 01:01:08,440 In 1859, the Englishman John Taylor 1062 01:01:08,640 --> 01:01:12,120 noticed that this dimension here, divided by this one, would give Pi. 1063 01:01:13,200 --> 01:01:15,240 Egyptologists certify that the Egyptians 1064 01:01:15,440 --> 01:01:17,800 only had a very basic knowledge of mathematics 1065 01:01:18,000 --> 01:01:19,400 and that they did not know about Pi 1066 01:01:19,600 --> 01:01:20,960 nor about the Golden Ratio. 1067 01:01:21,160 --> 01:01:23,520 The High Chamber, however is built on a double square 1068 01:01:23,720 --> 01:01:26,400 which leads us to the Golden Ratio geometry. 1069 01:01:27,920 --> 01:01:30,640 I know, numbers and mathematics don't fascinate many people 1070 01:01:30,840 --> 01:01:33,520 but if I, who slept during math class, manage to understand, 1071 01:01:33,720 --> 01:01:35,920 it can't be as difficult as it seems. 1072 01:01:36,120 --> 01:01:38,760 First of all, let's introduce quickly the Golden Ratio 1073 01:01:38,960 --> 01:01:40,400 to those of you who do no know it. 1074 01:01:40,600 --> 01:01:42,120 you will actually find a lot of videos on the Internet 1075 01:01:42,320 --> 01:01:43,520 that will explain it in detail. 1076 01:01:44,120 --> 01:01:46,960 It is the Italian Leonardo Pisano that publicized 1077 01:01:47,160 --> 01:01:49,600 in the 13th century, the Fibonacci sequence, 1078 01:01:49,800 --> 01:01:52,040 where each number divided by the previous one 1079 01:01:52,240 --> 01:01:56,440 results in a number that progressively approaches 1,618. 1080 01:01:59,240 --> 01:02:02,280 It is a number, and more precisely a ratio between 2 numbers 1081 01:02:02,480 --> 01:02:04,560 that is endless, just like Pi. 1082 01:02:04,760 --> 01:02:07,240 but with amazing mathematical properties. 1083 01:02:07,560 --> 01:02:10,480 [suspenseful dramatic music] 1084 01:02:14,280 --> 01:02:15,680 No need to remember all that. 1085 01:02:15,880 --> 01:02:17,920 All you need to know is the logic. 1086 01:02:20,120 --> 01:02:21,680 Since it is a ratio system 1087 01:02:21,880 --> 01:02:24,080 we will use its variations, even its square root 1088 01:02:24,280 --> 01:02:26,960 which is equal to 1,272. 1089 01:02:28,840 --> 01:02:30,360 If it has been called the "divine proportion", 1090 01:02:30,560 --> 01:02:32,480 it is precisely because we may observe it 1091 01:02:32,680 --> 01:02:35,400 statistically or in its average, just about everywhere around us 1092 01:02:35,600 --> 01:02:37,720 in the minerals through their angles, 1093 01:02:37,920 --> 01:02:39,560 in plants through the geometry of their leaves, 1094 01:02:39,760 --> 01:02:41,320 the distribution of seeds, 1095 01:02:41,520 --> 01:02:43,680 amongst animals and Man, like Da Vinci showed us, 1096 01:02:43,880 --> 01:02:46,920 or again in the arts, where it would represent harmony. 1097 01:02:47,120 --> 01:02:49,400 Building when using the geometry of the Golden Ratio 1098 01:02:49,600 --> 01:02:51,320 means attempting to imitate Nature, 1099 01:02:51,520 --> 01:02:53,200 or to reproduce what we may perceive. 1100 01:02:53,800 --> 01:02:55,200 Do keep these numbers in mind 1101 01:02:55,400 --> 01:02:57,520 as they will cross our path again. 1102 01:02:57,720 --> 01:02:59,680 In order to take measurements, one needs a reference: 1103 01:02:59,880 --> 01:03:01,400 the meter, or the yard, for example. 1104 01:03:01,600 --> 01:03:02,720 In Egypt, they used the cubit 1105 01:03:02,920 --> 01:03:05,000 which actually varied, according to some. 1106 01:03:05,200 --> 01:03:08,720 But in the Great Pyramid, its value can be obtained with great certainty 1107 01:03:08,920 --> 01:03:12,280 since the High Chamber is made of precisely assembled granite. 1108 01:03:12,480 --> 01:03:14,640 The value obtained through the measurements of this room 1109 01:03:14,840 --> 01:03:20,360 varies between 0,5235 and 0,5236, 1110 01:03:20,560 --> 01:03:25,000 or 52 centimeters 3 millimeters and 5 or 6 tenths of a millimeter. 1111 01:03:25,200 --> 01:03:27,480 It is the Royal Cubit, used in the Great Pyramid. 1112 01:03:27,680 --> 01:03:30,160 But then, although these builders didn't know about the "meter”, 1113 01:03:30,360 --> 01:03:33,080 their cubit is by some miracle connected to it. 1114 01:03:33,280 --> 01:03:36,360 As the Frenchman Funk Hellet demonstrated in 1956, 1115 01:03:36,560 --> 01:03:38,600 it can be obtained easily through geometry. 1116 01:03:38,800 --> 01:03:41,920 This dimension is 1. No unit, just 1. 1117 01:03:42,120 --> 01:03:44,320 The length of the circle is this dimension times Pi. 1118 01:03:44,520 --> 01:03:45,840 So there we have Pi. 1119 01:03:46,040 --> 01:03:47,680 We divide the circle into 6 parts. 1120 01:03:47,880 --> 01:03:51,480 Each part equals 0,5236. 1121 01:03:51,680 --> 01:03:54,720 And what we have left equals 2,618, 1122 01:03:54,920 --> 01:03:56,640 which is the Golden Ratio squared. 1123 01:03:56,840 --> 01:03:58,960 These 3 numbers are connected by this circle, 1124 01:03:59,160 --> 01:04:00,480 which has a diameter of 1. 1125 01:04:01,120 --> 01:04:03,040 I went and talked to a man who's on the field 1126 01:04:03,240 --> 01:04:06,360 who has been working with ancient measurements for decades. 1127 01:04:30,200 --> 01:04:33,160 If I want to measure this circle, I will need a measuring unit. 1128 01:04:33,360 --> 01:04:34,960 Let's take the Yard. 1129 01:04:35,160 --> 01:04:36,600 So this dimension equals 1 yard 1130 01:04:36,800 --> 01:04:40,800 and this one here 0.5236 yards 1131 01:04:41,000 --> 01:04:43,280 It does not correspond to anything in particular. 1132 01:04:43,480 --> 01:04:45,680 On the other hand, if we choose the meter; 1133 01:04:45,880 --> 01:04:49,920 then this dimension equals 0.5236 meters, 1134 01:04:50,120 --> 01:04:53,480 which is the value of the royal cubit of the Great Pyramid. 1135 01:04:54,760 --> 01:04:58,520 This can only be sheer luck as the meter was adopted in 1795 1136 01:04:58,720 --> 01:05:00,480 after the Earth was measured. 1137 01:05:00,680 --> 01:05:02,320 Sheer luck added to sheer luck 1138 01:05:02,520 --> 01:05:03,880 with simple shapes, our builders 1139 01:05:04,080 --> 01:05:05,960 also got the geometry of the Golden Ratio 1140 01:05:06,160 --> 01:05:08,200 without even seeing it. 1141 01:05:08,400 --> 01:05:11,120 Let's take now the measurements of the Great Pyramid in meters. 1142 01:05:11,320 --> 01:05:13,880 Thanks to its proportion, if we divide this by that, 1143 01:05:14,080 --> 01:05:15,880 whichever measuring unit we chose to use, 1144 01:05:16,080 --> 01:05:17,520 the result will be Pi. 1145 01:05:17,720 --> 01:05:18,880 But if we choose the meter, 1146 01:05:19,080 --> 01:05:21,440 this dimension divided by this one equals Pi. 1147 01:05:21,640 --> 01:05:24,760 But this dimension minus this one equals Pi x 100, 1148 01:05:24,960 --> 01:05:27,200 which only works with the meter. 1149 01:05:27,400 --> 01:05:30,920 Same dimensions, a division and a subtraction. 1150 01:05:31,760 --> 01:05:33,080 In regard to the High Chamber, 1151 01:05:33,280 --> 01:05:35,120 amongst all the possible choices of shapes, 1152 01:05:35,320 --> 01:05:37,080 they chose by chance, a double square 1153 01:05:37,280 --> 01:05:38,760 opening the door to a geometry 1154 01:05:38,960 --> 01:05:40,320 they were not supposed to know about. 1155 01:05:40,520 --> 01:05:42,400 The geometry of the Golden Ratio. 1156 01:05:42,600 --> 01:05:43,760 Then, to build this Chamber, 1157 01:05:43,960 --> 01:05:45,920 over all of possible choices in dimensions, 1158 01:05:46,120 --> 01:05:48,160 the builders chose 10 by 20 cubits. 1159 01:05:48,360 --> 01:05:50,960 This dimension here is Pi times 10 meters, 1160 01:05:51,160 --> 01:05:53,960 and this is only possible in meters. 1161 01:05:54,160 --> 01:05:58,440 This dimension here plus 2,618 meters equals this dimension. 1162 01:05:58,640 --> 01:06:02,560 This dimension plus 2,618 meters equals this dimension. 1163 01:06:02,760 --> 01:06:05,920 Plus 2,618, it is this dimension. 1164 01:06:06,120 --> 01:06:09,560 It can only happen because the room measures 10 by 20 cubits. 1165 01:06:09,760 --> 01:06:12,800 If it had been 9 times 18, or 11 times 22, 1166 01:06:13,000 --> 01:06:15,560 we would have had the Golden Ratio or Pi in proportion, 1167 01:06:15,760 --> 01:06:17,200 but not in meters. 1168 01:06:17,400 --> 01:06:19,840 All of this makes no sense, since, as I told you, 1169 01:06:20,040 --> 01:06:21,920 the meter was set in 1795. 1170 01:06:22,120 --> 01:06:23,440 Something is not right. 1171 01:06:23,640 --> 01:06:25,000 Need a break? 1172 01:06:28,360 --> 01:06:31,480 In a book on the Golden Ratio, we learn that, in the Middle Ages 1173 01:06:31,680 --> 01:06:34,080 builders of Churches and Cathedrals also used the cubit 1174 01:06:34,280 --> 01:06:36,800 which belongs to a measuring system called the Quine. 1175 01:07:07,080 --> 01:07:09,280 Which means it is in proportion with the Golden Ratio. 1176 01:07:09,480 --> 01:07:12,720 Look how its all arranging itself ingenuously around a pentagon 1177 01:07:12,920 --> 01:07:14,960 so dear to the French Companions. 1178 01:07:35,440 --> 01:07:37,320 Amongst all these different cubits in the Middle Ages, 1179 01:07:37,520 --> 01:07:38,840 one is very particular. 1180 01:07:39,040 --> 01:07:41,680 the Royal Cubit, carrying the same value as the cubit 1181 01:07:41,880 --> 01:07:42,720 of the Great Pyramid. 1182 01:07:42,920 --> 01:07:44,720 but where does this medieval cubit come from? 1183 01:08:07,480 --> 01:08:09,760 Which means that this cubit was imposed by royalty, 1184 01:08:09,960 --> 01:08:12,000 who, more than 3500 years 1185 01:08:12,200 --> 01:08:13,760 after the building of the Great Pyramid, 1186 01:08:13,960 --> 01:08:14,720 would have, by chance, 1187 01:08:14,920 --> 01:08:16,520 run into the same unit of measurement. 1188 01:08:16,720 --> 01:08:19,160 A surprising choice that we can't explain. 1189 01:08:34,120 --> 01:08:35,760 Exactly 20 cm, 1190 01:08:35,960 --> 01:08:38,520 Which is surprising, since the span was widely established 1191 01:08:38,720 --> 01:08:40,560 prior to the meter. 1192 01:08:40,760 --> 01:08:44,120 By the way, how was the meter established? 1193 01:08:45,000 --> 01:08:46,480 It was in 1795, 1194 01:08:46,680 --> 01:08:49,200 in relation to the meridional circumference of our planet, 1195 01:08:49,400 --> 01:08:51,040 which means in relation to a circle 1196 01:08:51,240 --> 01:08:53,360 that goes round the Earth, via the poles. 1197 01:08:54,800 --> 01:08:56,960 It was decided that this circle would be divided 1198 01:08:57,160 --> 01:09:00,080 into 40 million parts, or 40 million meters 1199 01:09:00,280 --> 01:09:03,320 which then gave the length of the meter as we know it today. 1200 01:09:04,400 --> 01:09:05,920 If, instead of 40 million, 1201 01:09:06,120 --> 01:09:08,680 the circle had been divided into 50 million parts, 1202 01:09:08,880 --> 01:09:11,440 the meter would have been shorter by about 20 cm. 1203 01:09:12,440 --> 01:09:13,840 I then wondered, 1204 01:09:14,040 --> 01:09:16,320 "but why was it divided into 40 million parts"? 1205 01:09:16,520 --> 01:09:18,600 Why not 36 million, which would have been logical 1206 01:09:18,800 --> 01:09:21,080 since we divide a circle into 360°? 1207 01:09:21,280 --> 01:09:22,680 I did not find any response. 1208 01:09:22,880 --> 01:09:25,440 What did surprise me, was that this choice of 40 million 1209 01:09:25,640 --> 01:09:27,040 has surprising consequences. 1210 01:09:28,200 --> 01:09:29,400 But, before we discuss that, 1211 01:09:29,600 --> 01:09:31,320 let's talk with Frenchman Quentin Leplat 1212 01:09:31,520 --> 01:09:34,160 who wanted to statistically verify the presence of the meter 1213 01:09:34,360 --> 01:09:37,400 by measuring all the churches' doors within a specific region. 1214 01:10:39,680 --> 01:10:41,920 Obviously, some will say that these medieval builders 1215 01:10:42,120 --> 01:10:43,920 were not thinking "meters" but "spans" 1216 01:10:44,120 --> 01:10:46,200 and that we should not read 1 meter, but 5 spans. 1217 01:10:46,400 --> 01:10:49,240 Maybe, but when we put all these facts back in order, 1218 01:10:49,440 --> 01:10:52,720 we realize what History is usually asking us to adhere to. 1219 01:10:52,920 --> 01:10:54,640 The fact that the builders of the Great Pyramid 1220 01:10:54,840 --> 01:10:56,880 may have, by chance and without knowing it, 1221 01:10:57,080 --> 01:10:59,480 discovered a value of the cubit connected with Pi, 1222 01:10:59,680 --> 01:11:02,560 the Golden Ratio and, later, the meter. 1223 01:11:02,760 --> 01:11:05,360 That, in the Middle Ages, and at the initiative of royalty, 1224 01:11:05,560 --> 01:11:08,040 medieval builders, by sheer luck, may have implemented 1225 01:11:08,240 --> 01:11:10,880 the same royal cubit as the builders of the Great Pyramid. 1226 01:11:11,080 --> 01:11:13,080 That, centuries later, by chance 1227 01:11:13,280 --> 01:11:15,320 one decided to divide the circumference of the Earth 1228 01:11:15,520 --> 01:11:16,720 into 40 million parts 1229 01:11:16,920 --> 01:11:18,560 which would have given, still by chance, 1230 01:11:18,760 --> 01:11:20,400 a value of the meter equal to 5 spans, 1231 01:11:20,600 --> 01:11:23,760 and a royal cubit equal to Pi divided by 6. 1232 01:11:23,960 --> 01:11:25,240 And when we chose the meter, 1233 01:11:25,440 --> 01:11:27,000 nobody realized that 5 spans 1234 01:11:27,200 --> 01:11:28,960 equalled precisely 1 meter. 1235 01:11:29,160 --> 01:11:30,400 By chance. 1236 01:11:30,600 --> 01:11:34,080 I don't know about you but for me, it does not add-up. 1237 01:11:34,280 --> 01:11:36,840 Unless one is an unconditional believer in chance 1238 01:11:37,040 --> 01:11:39,160 would it not be more rational to imagine 1239 01:11:39,360 --> 01:11:40,560 that the person who suggested to divide 1240 01:11:40,760 --> 01:11:43,000 the circumference of Earth into 40 million parts 1241 01:11:43,200 --> 01:11:45,200 actually knew what he was doing? 1242 01:11:45,400 --> 01:11:47,240 And that, as surprising as it might sound, 1243 01:11:47,440 --> 01:11:50,160 be a discrete and long multi millennial transmission chain? 1244 01:11:51,440 --> 01:11:52,840 Because, what we also see 1245 01:11:53,040 --> 01:11:55,080 is that the choice to divide the circumference of the Earth 1246 01:11:55,280 --> 01:11:56,520 into 40 million parts 1247 01:11:56,720 --> 01:11:58,000 means that the diameter of our planet 1248 01:11:58,200 --> 01:12:00,960 almost equals the square root of the Golden Ratio. 1249 01:12:02,000 --> 01:12:05,440 [wondrous music] 1250 01:12:05,640 --> 01:12:07,320 In any case, based on facts 1251 01:12:07,520 --> 01:12:10,240 the Royal Cubit, Pi, the Golden Ratio and the meter 1252 01:12:10,440 --> 01:12:11,760 are all connected. 1253 01:12:11,960 --> 01:12:15,040 Everyone is free to verify this, or to believe what they want. 1254 01:12:15,240 --> 01:12:17,600 Because what we believe influences what we see. 1255 01:12:17,800 --> 01:12:21,080 Such is the case when facing certain surprising objects from the past. 1256 01:12:23,400 --> 01:12:25,600 On this site, about 4500 years old, 1257 01:12:26,360 --> 01:12:28,720 one may find these alabaster tanks. 1258 01:12:29,160 --> 01:12:31,960 And this second model, a bit different. 1259 01:12:32,160 --> 01:12:34,360 [mysterious music] 1260 01:12:34,560 --> 01:12:36,840 We are told these tanks were used during sacrifices 1261 01:12:37,040 --> 01:12:39,400 to collect the blood of the victims. 1262 01:12:41,440 --> 01:12:44,400 They look more like filling holes rather than evacuation holes 1263 01:12:44,600 --> 01:12:46,920 since they are raised, but what for? 1264 01:12:49,760 --> 01:12:51,720 These peculiar objects lead us to believe 1265 01:12:51,920 --> 01:12:54,120 that they might have more of a technical function 1266 01:12:54,320 --> 01:12:56,920 rather than a religious or ritualistic one. 1267 01:13:02,520 --> 01:13:05,000 [soaring music] 1268 01:13:07,200 --> 01:13:08,800 This green schist discus 1269 01:13:09,000 --> 01:13:11,160 with a diameter of about 60 cm 1270 01:13:11,360 --> 01:13:14,200 was discovered in 1937 in the tomb of a prince 1271 01:13:14,400 --> 01:13:16,240 who lived about 5000 years ago. 1272 01:13:16,440 --> 01:13:18,200 We know this was a valuable object for him 1273 01:13:18,400 --> 01:13:19,960 since he decided to be buried with it. 1274 01:13:20,160 --> 01:13:22,520 However, 80 years after its discovery 1275 01:13:22,720 --> 01:13:24,920 we still have no idea what its use may have been. 1276 01:13:25,120 --> 01:13:27,280 It was therefore put away in the catch-all box 1277 01:13:27,480 --> 01:13:29,280 of "religious or decorative objects” 1278 01:13:29,480 --> 01:13:32,360 along with all other elements that we do not understand. 1279 01:13:37,120 --> 01:13:39,160 Yet, looking at the precision of its shape 1280 01:13:39,360 --> 01:13:41,240 we feel there is more to it. 1281 01:13:41,440 --> 01:13:45,240 Its central hub also seems like it is intended to rotate. 1282 01:13:45,440 --> 01:13:47,760 But there is no proof it has a technical function. 1283 01:13:47,960 --> 01:13:49,800 On the other hand there's absolutely no doubt 1284 01:13:50,000 --> 01:13:51,960 about the nature of the object that follows. 1285 01:13:52,160 --> 01:13:54,800 It represents, at least 2000 years later 1286 01:13:55,000 --> 01:13:58,400 the mechanical expression of the genius of the human spirit. 1287 01:13:58,600 --> 01:14:00,600 In the 50s, a physician rediscovered 1288 01:14:00,800 --> 01:14:03,240 in the Athens museum, this misunderstood fragment 1289 01:14:03,440 --> 01:14:06,680 coming from the shipwreck of a boat that sank about 20 centuries ago. 1290 01:14:06,880 --> 01:14:08,120 Convinced of its importance, 1291 01:14:08,320 --> 01:14:10,320 he spent the rest of his life studying it 1292 01:14:10,520 --> 01:14:13,480 but he died 20 years before technology confirmed his intuition 1293 01:14:13,680 --> 01:14:15,800 when the object was scanned slice by slice 1294 01:14:16,000 --> 01:14:17,320 in its depth. 1295 01:14:18,000 --> 01:14:21,000 [heart beating] 1296 01:15:34,840 --> 01:15:37,440 This represents the skies at a given time 1297 01:15:37,640 --> 01:15:41,680 or to determine a date from a specific pattern in the skies. 1298 01:15:41,880 --> 01:15:44,320 It models all the movements of the visible planets 1299 01:15:44,520 --> 01:15:47,240 of the sun and the moon and in a single movement, 1300 01:15:47,440 --> 01:15:48,360 turning the crank, 1301 01:15:48,560 --> 01:15:51,800 one will rotate the skies up to where one wants them to be. 1302 01:16:00,040 --> 01:16:01,520 It is a perpetual mechanism. 1303 01:16:01,720 --> 01:16:05,440 It carries no less than 300 gears and toothed parts. 1304 01:16:05,640 --> 01:16:06,840 To design it, 1305 01:16:07,040 --> 01:16:10,480 the inventors needed necessarily to know that the Earth is a sphere 1306 01:16:10,680 --> 01:16:13,040 and that the stars rotate around the sun. 1307 01:16:25,720 --> 01:16:28,000 They knew precisely the cycles of each of the planets 1308 01:16:28,200 --> 01:16:29,720 including the issue of the offset 1309 01:16:29,920 --> 01:16:31,520 between the lunar and solar calendars 1310 01:16:31,720 --> 01:16:33,440 identified by the Greek Meton. 1311 01:16:41,200 --> 01:16:42,680 A calculation that would be fine-tuned 1312 01:16:42,880 --> 01:16:45,400 a century later, by Calipe de Cyzique. 1313 01:17:10,160 --> 01:17:11,840 On Mathias Buttet's initiative 1314 01:17:12,040 --> 01:17:14,640 the Hublot society decided to reproduce this device. 1315 01:17:14,840 --> 01:17:16,400 But the first time Mathias heard about it 1316 01:17:16,600 --> 01:17:18,080 he thought it was a joke. 1317 01:17:52,640 --> 01:17:54,120 As for the level of mathematics required, 1318 01:17:54,320 --> 01:17:55,920 it is stupefying, 1319 01:17:56,120 --> 01:17:58,160 as the Antykithera mechanism involves 1320 01:17:58,360 --> 01:18:00,080 complex differential movements. 1321 01:18:23,520 --> 01:18:26,200 The orbit of the moon around the Earth is not circular 1322 01:18:26,400 --> 01:18:28,880 but elliptic which gives it, from the Earth 1323 01:18:29,080 --> 01:18:29,880 a variable speed. 1324 01:18:30,080 --> 01:18:31,800 This is complicated to reproduce 1325 01:18:32,000 --> 01:18:35,280 as the gears generate constant circular movements. 1326 01:19:18,720 --> 01:19:19,680 To this knowledge, 1327 01:19:19,880 --> 01:19:22,880 you have to add the mastery in the fabrication of the gears. 1328 01:19:47,440 --> 01:19:49,240 What they might not dare to say in front of the camera 1329 01:19:49,440 --> 01:19:51,360 in fear of upsetting some archaeologists 1330 01:19:51,560 --> 01:19:54,880 is the level of mathematics required to design such a mechanism 1331 01:19:55,080 --> 01:19:58,080 far beyond what is usually attributed to the ancient Greeks. 1332 01:19:58,280 --> 01:20:01,200 Otherwise they would have needed thousands of prototypes 1333 01:20:01,400 --> 01:20:03,560 to reach such a precise result. 1334 01:20:10,640 --> 01:20:11,720 Yes, because, in practice 1335 01:20:11,920 --> 01:20:13,760 it is way more complicated than it looks. 1336 01:20:13,960 --> 01:20:17,040 Let's take the main wheel which carries 223 teeth. 1337 01:20:17,240 --> 01:20:22,480 how do you easily break down a circle into 223 equal parts? 1338 01:20:40,600 --> 01:20:42,360 Now, with the knowledge of this device 1339 01:20:42,560 --> 01:20:44,800 some Greek scriptures sound different. 1340 01:21:01,560 --> 01:21:02,480 If one needed proof 1341 01:21:02,680 --> 01:21:04,920 that tools or machines did not survive the test of time, 1342 01:21:05,120 --> 01:21:07,360 this mechanism gives us something to think about. 1343 01:21:07,560 --> 01:21:09,320 It was only 2000 years ago. 1344 01:21:09,520 --> 01:21:11,640 Egypt is 5000 years ago. 1345 01:21:25,440 --> 01:21:28,480 And the device would still work had it not remained underwater. 1346 01:21:28,680 --> 01:21:31,880 How could a major episode in the history of human engineering 1347 01:21:32,080 --> 01:21:33,560 have been lost from our History? 1348 01:21:33,760 --> 01:21:35,600 That the device was lost is one thing 1349 01:21:35,800 --> 01:21:38,560 but that the very idea of its existence be lost 1350 01:21:38,760 --> 01:21:41,280 is even more surprising than this discovery 1351 01:21:41,480 --> 01:21:43,800 who was almost entirely overlooked by Archaeology. 1352 01:22:14,640 --> 01:22:17,760 Just before leaving Athens, go to the Acropolis. 1353 01:22:17,960 --> 01:22:20,360 I was not even surprised to see such walls. 1354 01:22:20,560 --> 01:22:22,880 Chance is indeed a persistent thing. 1355 01:22:25,240 --> 01:22:26,960 [plane beeps] 1356 01:22:27,160 --> 01:22:29,440 If the Antikythera mechanism forces us 1357 01:22:29,640 --> 01:22:32,760 to reconsider the evolution of human science and technology, 1358 01:22:32,960 --> 01:22:34,840 one archaeological site 1359 01:22:35,040 --> 01:22:37,360 completely disrupts the chronology of the settlements. 1360 01:22:37,560 --> 01:22:39,960 Its discovery is a live grenade. 1361 01:22:40,160 --> 01:22:41,680 You will see the problem. 1362 01:22:43,200 --> 01:22:45,840 The site of Gobekli Tepe was discovered in the 90s 1363 01:22:46,040 --> 01:22:47,600 by shepherds in Turkey. 1364 01:22:47,920 --> 01:22:50,680 [mysterious music] 1365 01:23:13,480 --> 01:23:16,520 At the heart of the enclosures, there are central pillars. 1366 01:23:38,480 --> 01:23:40,320 And this is where the problem starts. 1367 01:24:11,400 --> 01:24:14,320 According to History, this is prior to civilization 1368 01:24:14,520 --> 01:24:17,200 Something is not right. But it goes even further. 1369 01:24:36,200 --> 01:24:38,000 I had been trying for months to interview 1370 01:24:38,200 --> 01:24:40,160 one of the best researchers in the world on this matter, 1371 01:24:40,360 --> 01:24:41,920 the author of "Fingerprints of the Gods" 1372 01:24:42,120 --> 01:24:43,720 carefully documented and sourced, 1373 01:24:43,920 --> 01:24:45,720 that opened the way for a lot of people. 1374 01:24:45,920 --> 01:24:48,320 Graham Hancock came just at the right time. 1375 01:24:48,520 --> 01:24:50,560 he was going to give me the keys I was missing. 1376 01:24:50,760 --> 01:24:52,800 Here we have a giant megalithic site 1377 01:24:53,000 --> 01:24:55,600 much larger than Stonehenge, for example 1378 01:24:55,800 --> 01:24:58,280 which is 11 500 years old, 1379 01:24:58,480 --> 01:25:01,600 which appears suddenly in a community that, apparently 1380 01:25:01,800 --> 01:25:03,520 are entirely hunter-gatherers. 1381 01:25:03,720 --> 01:25:06,080 Where did they learn the skills to do this? 1382 01:25:06,280 --> 01:25:07,560 We don't see them practicing. 1383 01:25:07,760 --> 01:25:10,320 The oldest material at Gobekli Tepe is the best. 1384 01:25:10,920 --> 01:25:13,320 Did they wake up one morning 1385 01:25:13,520 --> 01:25:16,320 with some sort of magical inspiration 1386 01:25:16,520 --> 01:25:20,440 that enabled them to quarry and cut stone 1387 01:25:20,640 --> 01:25:22,160 to put up the world's first 1388 01:25:22,360 --> 01:25:24,080 perfectly North-South aligned building, 1389 01:25:24,280 --> 01:25:26,120 which requires astronomy? 1390 01:25:26,320 --> 01:25:29,240 Since we do wonder about the true purpose of the site... 1391 01:25:40,400 --> 01:25:43,520 One of its pillars raises the issue of agriculture. 1392 01:26:07,600 --> 01:26:09,080 In the usual chronology, 1393 01:26:09,280 --> 01:26:11,040 nomadic people would settle at one place 1394 01:26:11,240 --> 01:26:12,520 by becoming farmers and breeders 1395 01:26:12,720 --> 01:26:15,440 then they would specialize and then be able to build temples 1396 01:26:15,640 --> 01:26:17,480 Meanwhile, here it all happened in reverse. 1397 01:26:23,720 --> 01:26:25,440 Agriculture appears suddenly, 1398 01:26:25,640 --> 01:26:28,120 at the same moment that Gobekli Tepe appears. 1399 01:26:28,320 --> 01:26:29,920 Actually, when I spoke to the late Klaus Schmidt, 1400 01:26:30,120 --> 01:26:31,560 he found that Gobekli Tepe 1401 01:26:31,760 --> 01:26:34,760 had functioned as a center of innovation in that area. 1402 01:26:35,320 --> 01:26:38,880 That it was a place that people were drawn to and were taught skills 1403 01:26:39,080 --> 01:26:40,680 and this raises a question in my mind. 1404 01:26:40,880 --> 01:26:42,200 Who taught them the skills? 1405 01:26:42,400 --> 01:26:45,160 Because what I think we're looking at, at Gobekli Tepe, 1406 01:26:45,360 --> 01:26:47,760 the sudden emergence of megalithic architecture, 1407 01:26:49,600 --> 01:26:53,320 the sudden emergence of evolved agricultural knowledge, 1408 01:26:53,520 --> 01:26:55,560 it looks to me like a transfer of technology. 1409 01:26:55,760 --> 01:26:57,840 It looks to me like people came to that area 1410 01:26:58,040 --> 01:27:00,880 who already knew how to make megalithic architecture, 1411 01:27:01,080 --> 01:27:02,960 who already knew agriculture, 1412 01:27:03,160 --> 01:27:06,480 and who knew how to mobilise and organise work forces. 1413 01:27:07,040 --> 01:27:09,680 And they put that infrastructure into place there 1414 01:27:09,880 --> 01:27:12,080 and they passed on their skills in megalithic construction 1415 01:27:12,280 --> 01:27:13,800 and in agriculture 1416 01:27:14,000 --> 01:27:16,800 to the local hunter-gatherers that they had settled amongst. 1417 01:27:17,000 --> 01:27:19,080 So who were these people? 1418 01:27:19,280 --> 01:27:20,520 - One can see on the pillars 1419 01:27:20,720 --> 01:27:23,120 patterns similar to others around the planet. 1420 01:27:23,320 --> 01:27:26,520 - I don't know how much we should make up these connections. 1421 01:27:26,720 --> 01:27:29,560 But it's interesting to note, for example 1422 01:27:30,160 --> 01:27:33,560 that the Gobekli Tepe megaliths are tall pillars 1423 01:27:33,760 --> 01:27:35,600 sometimes weighing as much as 20 tons 1424 01:27:35,800 --> 01:27:38,120 with a kind of shape of a letter T. 1425 01:27:38,320 --> 01:27:40,920 The T-shape at the top of the pillar 1426 01:27:41,120 --> 01:27:43,120 represents a human head. 1427 01:27:43,320 --> 01:27:44,520 We can say this for sure 1428 01:27:44,720 --> 01:27:47,040 because many of the pillars have arms carved into the side, 1429 01:27:47,240 --> 01:27:49,920 and the hands meet in front of the belly. 1430 01:27:50,120 --> 01:27:52,640 The positioning of the hands of the Gobekli Tepe figures 1431 01:27:52,840 --> 01:27:54,840 is just identical to the positioning of the hands 1432 01:27:55,040 --> 01:27:56,400 on the Easter Island statues. 1433 01:27:56,600 --> 01:28:00,320 On this belt, is cut the letter, 1434 01:28:00,520 --> 01:28:03,640 a sign that we would recognize as the letter H. 1435 01:28:03,840 --> 01:28:04,720 And oddly enough, 1436 01:28:04,920 --> 01:28:07,560 that exact same H-shape, as you know 1437 01:28:07,760 --> 01:28:11,120 appears in the H blocks, at Tihuanaco. 1438 01:28:11,320 --> 01:28:13,800 There are certain creatures and animals 1439 01:28:14,000 --> 01:28:16,480 which are cut on the Gobekli Tepe megaliths 1440 01:28:16,680 --> 01:28:21,040 which are reproduced exactly in structures in Peru. 1441 01:28:21,240 --> 01:28:23,840 And I went into this in some depth in my book 1442 01:28:24,040 --> 01:28:25,920 "Magicians of the Gods". 1443 01:28:26,120 --> 01:28:28,480 - One can see baskets on one of the pillars. 1444 01:28:28,680 --> 01:28:31,360 This is also what attracted Graham Hancock's attention 1445 01:28:31,560 --> 01:28:33,240 since there are similar types of baskets 1446 01:28:33,440 --> 01:28:36,200 in the representations of the Mesopotamian god Oannes, 1447 01:28:36,400 --> 01:28:38,120 who is said to have brought civilization 1448 01:28:38,320 --> 01:28:39,440 to this part of the world. 1449 01:28:39,640 --> 01:28:42,000 A motif that we also find in Central-America 1450 01:28:42,200 --> 01:28:45,240 in the hand of a god, who will later be called Quetzalcoatl. 1451 01:28:45,440 --> 01:28:47,680 Also a transmitter of civilisation. 1452 01:28:48,280 --> 01:28:51,400 - What we are often seeing in these similarities 1453 01:28:51,600 --> 01:28:53,360 is what we would expect to see 1454 01:28:53,560 --> 01:28:56,000 if one culture on one side of the world 1455 01:28:56,200 --> 01:28:58,560 and another culture on the other side of the world 1456 01:28:58,760 --> 01:29:02,520 had both received a legacy from the same third party culture. 1457 01:29:02,720 --> 01:29:04,840 - How else can one explain these parallels? 1458 01:29:05,040 --> 01:29:06,480 And what about the sudden appearance 1459 01:29:06,680 --> 01:29:09,240 of this temple and agriculture, 12 000 years ago? 1460 01:29:38,880 --> 01:29:39,960 It is interesting to notice 1461 01:29:40,160 --> 01:29:42,680 that Gobekli Tepe curiously means "the hill of the navel". 1462 01:29:42,880 --> 01:29:43,920 Another one. 1463 01:29:44,120 --> 01:29:45,880 As Klaus Schmidt actually discovered, 1464 01:29:46,080 --> 01:29:47,840 this navel has been deliberately buried 1465 01:29:48,040 --> 01:29:50,080 which allowed for it to be precisely dated 1466 01:29:50,280 --> 01:29:52,560 11 600 years ago, 1467 01:29:52,760 --> 01:29:55,720 with a margin of error of about 150 years. 1468 01:29:55,920 --> 01:29:58,080 But why go the extra mile to build this site 1469 01:29:58,280 --> 01:30:00,000 for it later to be buried? 1470 01:30:00,200 --> 01:30:02,120 Would it be for it to be preserved? 1471 01:30:02,320 --> 01:30:04,880 We could think of it as a message, left for posterity. 1472 01:30:05,080 --> 01:30:07,080 We've noticed these 11 600 years 1473 01:30:07,280 --> 01:30:09,000 correspond to the brutal end of a time, 1474 01:30:09,200 --> 01:30:12,440 of intense terrestrial changes called the Younger Dryas. 1475 01:30:14,000 --> 01:30:15,320 As Earth was getting warmer 1476 01:30:15,520 --> 01:30:17,640 and was progressively coming out of the last ice age, 1477 01:30:17,840 --> 01:30:20,680 the temperature brutally fell by 7 degrees. 1478 01:30:20,880 --> 01:30:22,520 [Graham Hancock] This Younger Dryas episode 1479 01:30:22,720 --> 01:30:25,480 has for a long time been mysterious to geologists. 1480 01:30:25,680 --> 01:30:27,080 We know it happened 1481 01:30:27,280 --> 01:30:28,760 but they've not known why it happened. 1482 01:30:28,960 --> 01:30:30,880 - About 1 300 years later 1483 01:30:31,080 --> 01:30:33,960 the temperature climbed up again brutally by 10 degrees. 1484 01:30:34,160 --> 01:30:36,160 - There was a second episode of cataclysm 1485 01:30:36,360 --> 01:30:38,920 a second episode of global flooding. 1486 01:30:39,120 --> 01:30:41,720 Geologists call it Meltwater Pulse 1B. 1487 01:30:42,280 --> 01:30:44,200 - According to several scientific studies 1488 01:30:44,400 --> 01:30:46,600 these two events might have been due to comet impacts 1489 01:30:46,800 --> 01:30:49,120 hitting the Earth twice, 1 300 years apart, 1490 01:30:49,320 --> 01:30:52,600 creating cataclysms our ancestors might have witnessed. 1491 01:30:53,600 --> 01:30:55,800 - Every account that I'm aware of 1492 01:30:56,000 --> 01:30:59,720 that exists of a former human civilization 1493 01:30:59,920 --> 01:31:03,320 that was brought low by a cataclysm. 1494 01:31:03,520 --> 01:31:04,680 There are no exceptions. 1495 01:31:04,920 --> 01:31:06,720 - If large debris indeed hit our planet, 1496 01:31:06,920 --> 01:31:09,440 one can understand why people might be under the impression 1497 01:31:09,640 --> 01:31:11,680 they were enduring some divine retribution 1498 01:31:11,880 --> 01:31:14,000 This "impact" hypothesis is nowadays considered 1499 01:31:14,200 --> 01:31:16,320 as serious possibility by science 1500 01:31:16,520 --> 01:31:19,640 which has just published a full article about it in Nature magazine. 1501 01:31:19,840 --> 01:31:21,920 In the layer of the earth corresponding 1502 01:31:22,120 --> 01:31:23,560 to the beginning of the Younger Dryas period, 1503 01:31:23,760 --> 01:31:26,000 we found massive quantities of platinum 1504 01:31:26,200 --> 01:31:28,680 associated with Nano-diamonds and carbon spherules. 1505 01:31:28,880 --> 01:31:31,240 Minerals melted at a temperature of 2000 degrees 1506 01:31:31,440 --> 01:31:34,120 and vast quantities of ashes resulted from fires. 1507 01:31:34,320 --> 01:31:36,000 That may confirm the "impact" hypothesis 1508 01:31:36,200 --> 01:31:39,080 when nothing else can explain the cause of the Younger Dryas period. 1509 01:31:39,800 --> 01:31:41,320 We can constrain it to the period between 1510 01:31:41,520 --> 01:31:45,160 12 800 and 11 600 years ago. 1511 01:31:45,360 --> 01:31:47,520 [Narrator] Again, as stated by Graham Hancock, 1512 01:31:47,720 --> 01:31:48,560 we do have records. 1513 01:31:48,760 --> 01:31:50,920 Solon reported to Plato that the Atlantis sunk 1514 01:31:51,120 --> 01:31:53,720 9 000 years prior to his visit in Egypt. 1515 01:31:53,920 --> 01:31:55,680 in -600 before of our time, 1516 01:31:55,880 --> 01:31:57,920 or 11 600 years ago, 1517 01:31:58,120 --> 01:32:01,480 which coincides with the end of the Younger Dryas period. 1518 01:32:01,680 --> 01:32:03,680 We must not take literally all legends 1519 01:32:03,880 --> 01:32:05,880 but we must not dismiss them all either. 1520 01:32:06,080 --> 01:32:08,720 Let's talk about the legendary city of Kumari Kandam 1521 01:32:08,920 --> 01:32:11,240 of the Tamil people, in Southern India. 1522 01:32:11,680 --> 01:32:13,960 [mysterious music] 1523 01:32:14,160 --> 01:32:15,920 This very evolved civilization 1524 01:32:16,120 --> 01:32:18,080 may have occupied a vast extension of land 1525 01:32:18,280 --> 01:32:20,680 with massive libraries and universities. 1526 01:32:21,520 --> 01:32:24,040 However, 11 600 years ago 1527 01:32:24,240 --> 01:32:25,960 the date of the end of the Younger Dryas, 1528 01:32:26,160 --> 01:32:29,440 Kumari Kandam disappeared totally during a cataclysm. 1529 01:32:29,640 --> 01:32:33,440 Sea level has risen 120 meters. 1530 01:32:33,640 --> 01:32:36,320 More than 27 million square kilometers of land 1531 01:32:36,520 --> 01:32:39,960 which is roughly Europe and China added together 1532 01:32:40,160 --> 01:32:41,720 was above water 1533 01:32:43,080 --> 01:32:46,160 during the last ice age and is underwater now. 1534 01:32:46,360 --> 01:32:48,400 I would suggest that the civilization 1535 01:32:48,600 --> 01:32:51,360 we're dealing with was a maritime seafaring civilization, 1536 01:32:51,560 --> 01:32:53,280 that did occupy the very best lands 1537 01:32:53,480 --> 01:32:54,920 available in the ice age world. 1538 01:32:55,880 --> 01:32:58,440 And those very best lands, actually as is the case today, 1539 01:32:58,640 --> 01:33:01,080 were the coastal lands, lands close to the sea. 1540 01:33:01,280 --> 01:33:02,960 Those were the lands that were flooded 1541 01:33:03,160 --> 01:33:05,800 by rising sea levels at the end of the ice age. 1542 01:33:06,000 --> 01:33:08,200 - Local fishermen had been complaining for a long time 1543 01:33:08,400 --> 01:33:10,720 of underwater remnants in which their nets were getting caught 1544 01:33:10,920 --> 01:33:12,200 but nobody believed them. 1545 01:33:12,400 --> 01:33:14,160 They talked about it to Graham Hancock 1546 01:33:14,360 --> 01:33:15,800 who decided to go dive with them. 1547 01:33:16,640 --> 01:33:19,560 - We went out and dived at Mahabalipuram 1548 01:33:19,760 --> 01:33:21,040 with the local fishermen in 2002 1549 01:33:21,240 --> 01:33:23,720 and lo and behold, everything that they'd said was true. 1550 01:33:23,920 --> 01:33:25,720 There is an underwater city there. 1551 01:33:25,920 --> 01:33:30,360 and, what's more, it extends more than five kilometers from the shore, 1552 01:33:30,560 --> 01:33:33,360 down to depths of more than 30 meters. 1553 01:33:34,200 --> 01:33:36,840 - But during the 2004 tsunami when the ocean withdrew, 1554 01:33:37,040 --> 01:33:39,360 the bay was exposed for about 30 minutes. 1555 01:33:39,560 --> 01:33:42,280 [Graham Hancock] And many people saw the ruins. 1556 01:33:42,480 --> 01:33:43,640 [Narrator] Since then, the site is being studied. 1557 01:33:43,840 --> 01:33:46,880 [Hancock] But not investigating in a satisfactory manner. 1558 01:33:47,080 --> 01:33:50,000 They're still working in the intertidal zone, 1559 01:33:50,200 --> 01:33:52,280 down to a depth of 5 meters. 1560 01:33:52,480 --> 01:33:55,040 They should be out 5 kilometers from shore at 30 meters, 1561 01:33:55,240 --> 01:33:56,720 looking at what's lying down there. 1562 01:33:56,920 --> 01:33:58,800 because it has the potentiel to rewrite history, 1563 01:33:59,000 --> 01:34:02,680 Because we know from sea level studies that that area 1564 01:34:02,880 --> 01:34:06,520 has been underwater for about 11 500 years 1565 01:34:06,720 --> 01:34:09,280 exactly as is given in the Kumari Kandam story. 1566 01:34:10,280 --> 01:34:11,120 With time, 1567 01:34:11,320 --> 01:34:14,160 tales are often embellished, deformed, or disappear. 1568 01:34:14,360 --> 01:34:16,040 Is this the reason why Egyptian priests 1569 01:34:16,240 --> 01:34:19,000 engraved the history of Egypt on the walls of a temple? 1570 01:34:20,200 --> 01:34:21,800 - As my friend John Anthony West puts it, 1571 01:34:22,000 --> 01:34:25,360 the Ancient Egyptians are telling us very clearly 1572 01:34:25,560 --> 01:34:29,120 that their civilization was not a development. 1573 01:34:29,320 --> 01:34:30,760 It was a legacy. 1574 01:34:30,960 --> 01:34:33,200 It was a legacy from the first time 1575 01:34:33,400 --> 01:34:37,320 and the first time I associate with the arrival of the survivors 1576 01:34:37,520 --> 01:34:43,320 of a lost civilization in Egypt around 12 800 years ago. 1577 01:34:43,520 --> 01:34:45,240 And that story, as a matter of fact 1578 01:34:45,440 --> 01:34:49,120 is told in full detail in the Edfu building text. 1579 01:34:49,320 --> 01:34:52,680 The priests of that time, around 330 BC 1580 01:34:52,880 --> 01:34:54,560 had inherited the archives 1581 01:34:54,760 --> 01:34:56,840 of the earlier temples. 1582 01:34:57,040 --> 01:34:58,440 Amongst these archives, 1583 01:34:58,640 --> 01:35:02,120 written on animal skins, and falling into pieces 1584 01:35:02,320 --> 01:35:05,160 was the story of the time when the gods came to Egypt 1585 01:35:05,360 --> 01:35:08,480 after the destruction of their former homeland, 1586 01:35:08,680 --> 01:35:10,280 which was an island! 1587 01:35:11,120 --> 01:35:15,120 They came to Egypt and they brought the gifts of civilization, 1588 01:35:15,320 --> 01:35:18,120 and the priests decided to copy 1589 01:35:18,320 --> 01:35:22,960 those crumbling, ruined and ancient texts 1590 01:35:23,160 --> 01:35:27,280 and make them permanent on the walls of the Edfu temple. 1591 01:35:27,480 --> 01:35:29,600 - This is the story that was told to Solon 1592 01:35:29,800 --> 01:35:31,000 who came to Egypt to learn 1593 01:35:31,200 --> 01:35:33,240 like almost all the illustrious Greek wise men 1594 01:35:33,440 --> 01:35:35,840 who then communicated it to Plato. 1595 01:35:36,040 --> 01:35:38,600 For some, it is only a tale but it would be arrogant 1596 01:35:38,800 --> 01:35:40,440 to forget how illustrious Solon was, 1597 01:35:40,640 --> 01:35:43,040 a member of the 7 wisemen council. 1598 01:35:43,760 --> 01:35:44,600 Similar to Plato, 1599 01:35:44,800 --> 01:35:47,160 nowadays accused of being senile or a deceiver, 1600 01:35:47,360 --> 01:35:49,760 what he has to say does not correspond to what we believe 1601 01:35:49,960 --> 01:35:51,360 or what we would like to hear. 1602 01:35:51,560 --> 01:35:54,440 It is however, what is written on the walls of this temple. 1603 01:35:54,640 --> 01:35:57,080 Kumari Kandam, or the Antykithera mechanism 1604 01:35:57,280 --> 01:35:58,800 remind us to remain prudent. 1605 01:35:59,000 --> 01:36:00,920 Only one or two generations 1606 01:36:01,120 --> 01:36:03,440 are enough to wipe out the memory of a whole population. 1607 01:36:03,640 --> 01:36:04,760 How many other objects or texts 1608 01:36:04,960 --> 01:36:07,040 could have been lost in the same way? 1609 01:36:08,520 --> 01:36:10,080 We knew that, 13 000 years ago 1610 01:36:10,280 --> 01:36:12,640 our planet was subject to a major climate shift. 1611 01:36:12,840 --> 01:36:14,960 The ice caps melted in the northern territories. 1612 01:36:15,160 --> 01:36:16,600 A mass extinction occurred. 1613 01:36:16,800 --> 01:36:19,160 The level of the oceans rose by over a 100 meters. 1614 01:36:19,360 --> 01:36:22,440 And the cold came back and prevailed for 1 300 years. 1615 01:36:22,640 --> 01:36:25,880 However we cannot explain the brutal cause of it all. 1616 01:36:26,080 --> 01:36:28,240 We also know our ancestors lived through this event, 1617 01:36:28,440 --> 01:36:30,840 that it lead to migrations of entire populations 1618 01:36:31,040 --> 01:36:34,160 but we thought they were still only hunter-gatherers. 1619 01:36:34,360 --> 01:36:36,680 Gobekli Tepe reveals this was not the case. 1620 01:36:36,880 --> 01:36:38,760 From there, it is only a small step 1621 01:36:38,960 --> 01:36:40,880 to picture a level of development of civilisation 1622 01:36:41,080 --> 01:36:42,960 greater than what we thought. 1623 01:36:43,160 --> 01:36:45,920 We should not expect the remnants of that civilization 1624 01:36:46,120 --> 01:36:47,480 to be the same as our own. 1625 01:36:47,680 --> 01:36:50,280 They're going to be very different and may even be unrecognizable. 1626 01:36:51,080 --> 01:36:53,800 - As we have built over the quasi totality of the planet, 1627 01:36:54,000 --> 01:36:56,360 mined and drilled the underground in many places, 1628 01:36:56,560 --> 01:36:59,120 our civilization has left remnants everywhere. 1629 01:36:59,320 --> 01:37:01,480 But what if this civilization had evolved differently? 1630 01:37:02,240 --> 01:37:04,360 Although some believe all the common features between 1631 01:37:04,560 --> 01:37:06,680 these particular sites have some divine origin, 1632 01:37:06,880 --> 01:37:09,760 I personally cannot imagine they were built by the hand of a god. 1633 01:37:09,960 --> 01:37:11,240 Unless this god was small enough 1634 01:37:11,440 --> 01:37:13,840 to walk through the hallway of the Great Pyramid. 1635 01:37:14,040 --> 01:37:16,800 Others, on the contrary state that all these common features 1636 01:37:17,000 --> 01:37:18,720 are connected by the fact that Homo Sapiens 1637 01:37:18,920 --> 01:37:20,640 having settled everywhere on the planet, 1638 01:37:20,840 --> 01:37:22,640 found the same solutions to the same problems. 1639 01:37:22,840 --> 01:37:25,280 And, indeed, we can ironically appreciate the fact 1640 01:37:25,480 --> 01:37:28,480 that humankind started with precisely adjusted, massive stones 1641 01:37:28,680 --> 01:37:30,920 to end up with small blocks and cement. 1642 01:37:31,120 --> 01:37:33,280 But another connection defies this hypothesis, 1643 01:37:33,480 --> 01:37:35,440 both in time and in History. 1644 01:37:36,760 --> 01:37:39,760 In 1965, the French Ethnologist Francis Mazière 1645 01:37:39,960 --> 01:37:42,920 talked about a connection between Easter Island, Peru and Egypt, 1646 01:37:43,120 --> 01:37:45,480 stating that all three are located, according to him 1647 01:37:45,680 --> 01:37:48,320 on some sort of "magnetic equator" of the Earth. 1648 01:37:48,720 --> 01:37:51,120 In 1997, the American Jim Alison 1649 01:37:51,320 --> 01:37:53,320 baptized it "the great circle". 1650 01:37:55,320 --> 01:37:56,840 A great circle that was invisible 1651 01:37:57,040 --> 01:37:58,840 prior to having mapped the entire earth, 1652 01:37:59,040 --> 01:38:01,680 which is, as you will see, a huge problem. 1653 01:38:03,880 --> 01:38:06,680 [suspenseful music] 1654 01:38:08,760 --> 01:38:10,080 Let's go from Easter Island 1655 01:38:10,280 --> 01:38:12,040 taking a 30 degree orientation 1656 01:38:12,240 --> 01:38:14,600 and drawing a line about 100 kilometers wide. 1657 01:38:15,960 --> 01:38:19,040 [suspenseful music] 1658 01:38:21,200 --> 01:38:23,000 The strip passes through Nazca in Peru 1659 01:38:23,200 --> 01:38:26,160 then Machu Picchu, Ollantaytambo, Sacsayhuaman, 1660 01:38:26,360 --> 01:38:28,440 Cuzco and Naupa Iglesia. 1661 01:38:32,880 --> 01:38:35,640 It crosses the Atlantic to go over the sacred caves 1662 01:38:35,840 --> 01:38:37,840 at Tassili N'Ajjer in Algeria. 1663 01:38:39,840 --> 01:38:41,760 Then through the Oasis of Siwa. 1664 01:38:43,560 --> 01:38:45,680 By the Giza Pyramids in Egypt. 1665 01:38:47,840 --> 01:38:49,520 Over Petra in Jordan. 1666 01:38:50,920 --> 01:38:52,480 Ur in Irak. 1667 01:38:53,400 --> 01:38:55,040 Persepolis in Iran. 1668 01:38:57,160 --> 01:38:59,080 Mohenjo Dar in Pakistan. 1669 01:39:00,680 --> 01:39:02,520 Khajuraho in India. 1670 01:39:03,600 --> 01:39:06,920 Pyay in Burma. Sukhotai in Thailand. 1671 01:39:08,560 --> 01:39:10,600 Angkor Vat and Preah Vihear in Cambodia, 1672 01:39:10,800 --> 01:39:13,760 highly likely to be connected a long time ago. 1673 01:39:13,960 --> 01:39:16,720 Then over to the little known islands of Aneityum 1674 01:39:16,920 --> 01:39:18,480 in New Caledonia. 1675 01:39:21,520 --> 01:39:22,400 In this alignment, 1676 01:39:22,600 --> 01:39:25,040 we are not looking at the date of construction of the structures 1677 01:39:25,240 --> 01:39:27,440 as some are spread in time over many centuries 1678 01:39:27,640 --> 01:39:28,680 or thousands of years 1679 01:39:28,880 --> 01:39:30,760 but we are rather looking at their locations, 1680 01:39:30,960 --> 01:39:32,640 most of them being built and rebuilt 1681 01:39:32,840 --> 01:39:34,960 over the ruins of ancient temples. 1682 01:39:35,160 --> 01:39:37,040 [mystical music] 1683 01:39:37,240 --> 01:39:40,280 Let's first look at the distance ratio between some of these sites. 1684 01:39:41,680 --> 01:39:43,520 Let's look at the Earth from above. 1685 01:39:44,720 --> 01:39:47,680 The red circle that surrounds it is our Great Circle. 1686 01:39:48,680 --> 01:39:50,760 The distance between Angkor Vat and Nazca 1687 01:39:50,960 --> 01:39:54,160 equals the distance between Mohenjo Daro and Easter Island. 1688 01:39:54,360 --> 01:39:56,640 The distance between Angkor Vat and Mohenjo Daro 1689 01:39:56,840 --> 01:39:59,200 equals the distance of Mohenjo Daro between Giza 1690 01:39:59,400 --> 01:40:02,360 and also the distance between Nazca and Easter Island. 1691 01:40:02,560 --> 01:40:04,840 I believe that at this stage of the investigation, 1692 01:40:05,040 --> 01:40:08,400 no one will be surprised to see the Golden Ratio showing up again. 1693 01:40:08,600 --> 01:40:10,520 The distance Angkor Vat and Giza 1694 01:40:10,720 --> 01:40:11,840 times the Golden Ratio 1695 01:40:12,040 --> 01:40:14,200 equals the distance between Giza and Nazca 1696 01:40:14,400 --> 01:40:16,160 and the distance between Giza and Nazca 1697 01:40:16,360 --> 01:40:17,280 times the Golden Ratio 1698 01:40:17,480 --> 01:40:19,840 equals the distance between Nazca and Angkor Vat. 1699 01:40:20,880 --> 01:40:21,800 Using the metric system 1700 01:40:22,000 --> 01:40:23,720 in the same way we did with the Great Pyramid, 1701 01:40:23,920 --> 01:40:26,960 let's measure the distance between Easter Island and Giza. 1702 01:40:27,680 --> 01:40:30,560 10 000 times the Golden Ratio. Or again, 1703 01:40:31,040 --> 01:40:33,960 a quarter around the Earth times the Golden Ratio. 1704 01:40:35,440 --> 01:40:36,880 This is where Jim Alison stops 1705 01:40:37,080 --> 01:40:39,480 as like many other Anglo-Saxon researchers, 1706 01:40:39,680 --> 01:40:42,320 he measures distances in miles and not in meters. 1707 01:40:43,640 --> 01:40:44,600 Up until 2012, 1708 01:40:44,800 --> 01:40:49,080 Google Earth gave the figure of 16 179 km between both sites. 1709 01:40:49,960 --> 01:40:53,560 Today, it is 16 168 km. 1710 01:40:53,760 --> 01:40:57,120 Simple reason: the method of calculation has changed. 1711 01:40:57,320 --> 01:41:00,360 So, depending on the method used, the result can change. 1712 01:41:00,560 --> 01:41:01,400 But let's be serious. 1713 01:41:01,600 --> 01:41:03,360 Even with a difference of about 20 km, 1714 01:41:03,560 --> 01:41:06,080 to find an island positioned on this tilted equator 1715 01:41:06,280 --> 01:41:08,000 is nothing short of a miracle. 1716 01:41:09,800 --> 01:41:12,280 [mystical music] 1717 01:41:12,480 --> 01:41:13,920 Once we checked this distance on-site 1718 01:41:14,120 --> 01:41:15,720 with the "Maps" application for smartphones, 1719 01:41:15,920 --> 01:41:18,480 and taking the GPS coordinates of the Great Pyramid in Giza 1720 01:41:18,680 --> 01:41:19,720 as the starting point, 1721 01:41:19,920 --> 01:41:23,000 we were able to validate a new discovery by Jim Alison. 1722 01:41:24,240 --> 01:41:27,880 The point indicating precisely the 16 180 km 1723 01:41:28,080 --> 01:41:29,880 is located at the center of the triangle 1724 01:41:30,080 --> 01:41:32,640 created by 3 remarkable positions of this island, 1725 01:41:32,840 --> 01:41:35,320 the two highest summits, Terevaka and Poike 1726 01:41:35,520 --> 01:41:36,720 and the center of the crater 1727 01:41:36,920 --> 01:41:38,160 of Rano Kao. 1728 01:41:38,360 --> 01:41:39,280 And this triangle 1729 01:41:39,480 --> 01:41:40,520 is even more unique. 1730 01:41:40,720 --> 01:41:42,320 Both its sides are identical 1731 01:41:42,520 --> 01:41:44,600 and have an angle of 108 degrees. 1732 01:41:45,320 --> 01:41:47,960 It is the portion of the golden pentagon of the Companions, 1733 01:41:48,160 --> 01:41:50,120 connected to the Golden Ratio. 1734 01:41:52,320 --> 01:41:53,520 How is it possible? 1735 01:41:53,720 --> 01:41:56,800 It is quite obvious that the volcanoes were not "built". 1736 01:41:58,040 --> 01:42:00,800 [mysterious music] 1737 01:42:01,000 --> 01:42:04,840 And how to explain these 16 180 km between the sites 1738 01:42:05,040 --> 01:42:07,880 without relying once more on sheer luck? 1739 01:42:08,080 --> 01:42:09,360 It is very simple in fact. 1740 01:42:09,560 --> 01:42:11,040 the builders of Giza had to position this site 1741 01:42:11,240 --> 01:42:12,600 according to Easter Island 1742 01:42:12,800 --> 01:42:14,120 which they must have known about, 1743 01:42:14,320 --> 01:42:15,840 same as the metric system. 1744 01:42:16,920 --> 01:42:19,560 [mysterious music] 1745 01:42:20,320 --> 01:42:22,800 A private geologist, who is not seeking recognition 1746 01:42:23,000 --> 01:42:24,880 shared with me his surprising observations, 1747 01:42:25,080 --> 01:42:28,720 humbly thinking that he was not able to draw conclusions on his own. 1748 01:42:30,160 --> 01:42:31,440 First, he found that Easter Island 1749 01:42:31,640 --> 01:42:33,200 was located on a hot point of the Earth, 1750 01:42:33,400 --> 01:42:36,320 points that have the surprising particularity to remain fixed 1751 01:42:36,520 --> 01:42:38,200 while the Earth's crust is moving. 1752 01:42:38,720 --> 01:42:40,640 Which means that, millions of years ago, 1753 01:42:40,840 --> 01:42:42,480 there was no certainty that Easter Island 1754 01:42:42,680 --> 01:42:44,400 was located above this hot point. 1755 01:42:45,840 --> 01:42:48,120 Then, he realized that the alignment of he sites 1756 01:42:48,320 --> 01:42:50,760 on this great circle are located on what we call 1757 01:42:50,960 --> 01:42:53,360 "zones of discontinuity of the Earth's crust" 1758 01:42:53,560 --> 01:42:54,920 which means, simply said, 1759 01:42:55,120 --> 01:42:57,480 the equivalent of the junction of 2 stone blocks. 1760 01:42:57,680 --> 01:42:59,640 If shaken, this is where it will break. 1761 01:42:59,840 --> 01:43:01,760 There are obviously other zones of discontinuity 1762 01:43:01,960 --> 01:43:02,960 on the Earth's crust 1763 01:43:03,160 --> 01:43:06,080 but the important fact is that each site of this great circle 1764 01:43:06,280 --> 01:43:09,320 is located precisely over a discontinuity point. 1765 01:43:09,520 --> 01:43:10,920 This geologist could not explain 1766 01:43:11,120 --> 01:43:13,000 why one would have built temples at places 1767 01:43:13,200 --> 01:43:15,440 where they were the most at risk of collapsing, 1768 01:43:15,640 --> 01:43:18,560 when only a few kilometers away, it would have been much safer. 1769 01:43:19,320 --> 01:43:21,960 Worse, when the discontinuity point is at sea 1770 01:43:22,160 --> 01:43:24,440 then the site is built as close as possible to land, 1771 01:43:24,640 --> 01:43:25,840 which is the case for Nazca, 1772 01:43:26,040 --> 01:43:28,000 where the ocean and the Andes land formations 1773 01:43:28,200 --> 01:43:30,800 did not leave much choice in regards to its location. 1774 01:43:34,080 --> 01:43:37,280 Why confer such an importance to these discontinuity points? 1775 01:43:39,280 --> 01:43:42,160 The placement of sites around the world 1776 01:43:42,360 --> 01:43:45,280 at specific longitude distances from one another, 1777 01:43:45,480 --> 01:43:47,680 and those longitude distances are all part 1778 01:43:47,880 --> 01:43:49,560 of the ancient system of numbers 1779 01:43:49,760 --> 01:43:52,360 that we find in myths and traditions all around the world. 1780 01:43:52,560 --> 01:43:55,680 And that system of numbers are generated 1781 01:43:55,880 --> 01:43:59,840 by the precessional wobble of the Earth's axis. 1782 01:44:00,040 --> 01:44:03,240 It's a number system based on the number 72, 1783 01:44:03,440 --> 01:44:05,120 and there's an astonishing number 1784 01:44:05,320 --> 01:44:06,760 of ancient monuments around the world 1785 01:44:06,960 --> 01:44:09,200 that are precisely separated from one another 1786 01:44:09,400 --> 01:44:12,000 in terms of degrees of longitude by that number system. 1787 01:44:12,760 --> 01:44:15,000 - These sites are therefore located on a great circle 1788 01:44:15,200 --> 01:44:16,520 but not just any circle. 1789 01:44:16,720 --> 01:44:18,800 The North pole of this great circle is in Canada, 1790 01:44:19,000 --> 01:44:21,160 in the north west of British Columbia. 1791 01:44:21,400 --> 01:44:23,840 [mysterious music] 1792 01:44:24,040 --> 01:44:27,080 And this happens to be the place where the magnetic pole oscillates. 1793 01:44:27,280 --> 01:44:28,800 The pole, indicated by the compasses 1794 01:44:29,000 --> 01:44:30,840 is the one that enables life on earth. 1795 01:44:31,040 --> 01:44:34,360 It also generates a magnetic field that filters solar radiation, 1796 01:44:34,560 --> 01:44:37,880 enabling life and also allowing us to produce electricity. 1797 01:44:40,400 --> 01:44:43,360 Is this the reason Francis Mazière spoke of a "magnetic equator", 1798 01:44:43,560 --> 01:44:46,160 referring to ancient esoteric tradition? 1799 01:44:47,880 --> 01:44:49,080 Like any group of humans, 1800 01:44:49,280 --> 01:44:52,240 the world of esoterism is not free from ideological bias 1801 01:44:52,440 --> 01:44:54,520 but this is no reason to discard information 1802 01:44:54,720 --> 01:44:57,400 especially when it could resonate with modern science. 1803 01:44:58,040 --> 01:44:59,000 This late discovery 1804 01:44:59,200 --> 01:45:01,400 regarding the existence of the Earth's magnetic field 1805 01:45:01,600 --> 01:45:04,920 was made by the Englishman William Gilbert in 1600's. 1806 01:45:05,120 --> 01:45:07,440 Similar to that of another researcher, and it allowed me 1807 01:45:07,640 --> 01:45:10,040 to better understand the building of these ancient sites. 1808 01:45:10,920 --> 01:45:13,320 Ian S.Stewart, from the University of Plymouth 1809 01:45:13,520 --> 01:45:15,760 wondered why the ancient Greeks decided to build temples 1810 01:45:15,960 --> 01:45:18,680 precisely on spots subject to seismic activity. 1811 01:45:20,360 --> 01:45:21,840 Journalists jokingly wondered 1812 01:45:22,040 --> 01:45:24,280 whether Greeks worshipped some Earthquake cult. 1813 01:45:24,480 --> 01:45:25,760 You know, cults, gods, 1814 01:45:25,960 --> 01:45:28,200 all the folklore of our semi-naked ancestors. 1815 01:45:28,400 --> 01:45:32,040 [somber music] 1816 01:45:32,880 --> 01:45:34,000 For this researcher, 1817 01:45:34,200 --> 01:45:36,680 reasons could be both spiritual and perhaps medical, 1818 01:45:36,880 --> 01:45:39,840 since he realized these sites had pristine water sources. 1819 01:45:40,040 --> 01:45:43,120 I don't believe any of this has much to do with some ritualistic cult 1820 01:45:43,320 --> 01:45:45,320 at least not the way we think of them. 1821 01:45:47,800 --> 01:45:49,720 Ask for an expert in civil engineering. 1822 01:45:49,920 --> 01:45:52,480 A polygonal assemblage, therefore non-periodic 1823 01:45:52,680 --> 01:45:54,880 stands better against earthquakes than our modern walls 1824 01:45:55,080 --> 01:45:57,040 made of same size bricks. 1825 01:45:57,240 --> 01:45:59,360 Here again, on earthquake-prone sites, 1826 01:45:59,560 --> 01:46:02,080 they built earthquake-proof structures. 1827 01:46:02,280 --> 01:46:06,000 This is what I had already seen on the hill of the Nymphs, in Athens. 1828 01:46:06,200 --> 01:46:09,280 [epic music] 1829 01:46:09,480 --> 01:46:12,040 And on Easter Island, the site of Te Pito Kura, 1830 01:46:12,240 --> 01:46:15,680 navel of the world, this egg-shaped stone which is magnetic. 1831 01:46:16,120 --> 01:46:17,480 A lot of stones are magnetic. 1832 01:46:17,680 --> 01:46:18,920 you can check that with a compass. 1833 01:46:19,120 --> 01:46:21,200 But how do you know about it without a compass? 1834 01:46:21,400 --> 01:46:23,600 Is it yet again a coincidence if this sacred stone 1835 01:46:23,800 --> 01:46:24,840 is specifically magnetic 1836 01:46:25,040 --> 01:46:27,600 and set on a discontinuity point of the Earth's crust, 1837 01:46:27,800 --> 01:46:30,200 and even more, on a hot point? 1838 01:46:32,240 --> 01:46:33,160 Same thing in Giza 1839 01:46:33,360 --> 01:46:34,760 where the Great Pyramid is located 1840 01:46:34,960 --> 01:46:37,000 over a remarkable point of the Earth's crust, 1841 01:46:37,200 --> 01:46:38,800 where they built the high chamber with granite slabs 1842 01:46:39,000 --> 01:46:42,880 that they had to get painstakingly from about 900 km away. 1843 01:46:45,480 --> 01:46:46,400 One can keep thinking 1844 01:46:46,600 --> 01:46:48,440 the only reason for this structure's existence 1845 01:46:48,640 --> 01:46:51,560 was to glorify God and its earthly representative 1846 01:46:51,760 --> 01:46:54,040 the despotic and megalomaniac Kheops. 1847 01:46:55,880 --> 01:46:57,560 You can think what you wish. 1848 01:47:00,240 --> 01:47:02,200 What can we learn from all of this? 1849 01:47:02,400 --> 01:47:03,520 That these sites are built 1850 01:47:03,720 --> 01:47:05,360 in the most earthquake-sensitive areas 1851 01:47:05,560 --> 01:47:08,520 in regard to the geological activity of our planet. 1852 01:47:08,720 --> 01:47:10,200 That they belong to the Great Circle, 1853 01:47:10,400 --> 01:47:12,000 our magnetic equator, 1854 01:47:12,200 --> 01:47:15,200 which might be related to the magnetic activity of our planet. 1855 01:47:15,400 --> 01:47:17,640 That we carefully place specific stones 1856 01:47:17,840 --> 01:47:20,320 in particular locations on the Earth. 1857 01:47:20,520 --> 01:47:22,440 - The separation in degrees of longitude 1858 01:47:22,640 --> 01:47:24,560 between Giza and Angkor is 72. 1859 01:47:24,760 --> 01:47:27,200 - Which is yet another way to talk about the proportions 1860 01:47:27,400 --> 01:47:29,240 between these sites of the Great Circle. 1861 01:47:29,440 --> 01:47:32,040 But after discovering the Golden Ratio and the metric system, 1862 01:47:32,240 --> 01:47:33,520 we go into degrees. 1863 01:47:33,720 --> 01:47:35,200 Unless this is by chance, again, 1864 01:47:35,400 --> 01:47:37,360 that we run into whole numbers when measuring degrees 1865 01:47:37,560 --> 01:47:39,360 between Giza and Angkor Vat. 1866 01:47:45,280 --> 01:47:49,080 [epic music] 1867 01:48:53,840 --> 01:48:56,200 Nothing in common at first glance, right? 1868 01:48:56,400 --> 01:48:58,680 But are you sure you saw everything? 1869 01:48:58,880 --> 01:48:59,920 Take this, for example. 1870 01:49:14,040 --> 01:49:15,320 Polygonal shape of stones. 1871 01:49:15,520 --> 01:49:17,720 [percussive music] 1872 01:49:28,600 --> 01:49:30,520 Shape of the paving stones. 1873 01:49:32,600 --> 01:49:34,840 A specific system of anchoring of the stones. 1874 01:49:39,600 --> 01:49:41,320 And even symmetries. 1875 01:49:43,400 --> 01:49:45,640 [percussive music continues] 1876 01:49:53,440 --> 01:49:55,400 The stones are not particularly large, 1877 01:49:55,600 --> 01:49:58,120 and their work closely resembles European cathedrals. 1878 01:49:58,320 --> 01:50:00,280 If Angkor Wat, Ta Prohm or Bayon 1879 01:50:00,480 --> 01:50:02,160 are indeed dated back to the Middle Ages, 1880 01:50:02,360 --> 01:50:03,840 they do seem to be inspired by the same style 1881 01:50:04,720 --> 01:50:07,640 as in Peru, Easter Island or Egypt. 1882 01:50:08,120 --> 01:50:10,160 The question is more in regards to their location 1883 01:50:10,360 --> 01:50:13,000 as these temples were built on the ruins of an ancient complex. 1884 01:50:13,200 --> 01:50:16,600 and spread over almost 250 square kilometers. 1885 01:50:16,800 --> 01:50:19,360 - Even the name "Angkor" has a meaning 1886 01:50:19,560 --> 01:50:20,760 in the Ancient Egyptian language. 1887 01:50:21,520 --> 01:50:23,520 Angkor means "Life to the Horus" 1888 01:50:24,480 --> 01:50:27,720 Archeologists say it's all a coincidence but I wonder 1889 01:50:27,920 --> 01:50:29,760 if something deeper is going on. 1890 01:50:29,960 --> 01:50:31,840 Some deeper game. 1891 01:50:32,040 --> 01:50:33,960 They all share this common DNA, 1892 01:50:34,160 --> 01:50:37,040 this common legacy that goes right back to the beginning. 1893 01:50:37,560 --> 01:50:40,760 - Graham Hancock and John Grigsby demonstrated in 1998 1894 01:50:40,960 --> 01:50:42,120 that the whole of the site 1895 01:50:42,320 --> 01:50:44,200 was also positioned according to the stars, 1896 01:50:44,400 --> 01:50:46,280 on the constellation of the dragon. 1897 01:50:46,480 --> 01:50:47,640 This is another common point 1898 01:50:47,840 --> 01:50:49,840 to all the archaeological sites of our past 1899 01:50:50,040 --> 01:50:53,400 to reflect a specific position of the skies at a given time. 1900 01:50:53,600 --> 01:50:55,800 - Gobekli Tepe encodes the winter solstice 1901 01:50:56,000 --> 01:50:57,520 12 800 years ago. 1902 01:50:57,720 --> 01:51:00,440 Giza encodes the equinox 12 800 years ago 1903 01:51:00,640 --> 01:51:01,880 The three pyramids on the ground, 1904 01:51:02,080 --> 01:51:03,800 the great Sphinx, the constellation of Leo, 1905 01:51:04,000 --> 01:51:06,960 Orion, the Milky Way, they're all part of the picture. 1906 01:51:07,160 --> 01:51:08,400 Mathieu Laveau and Georges Vermard 1907 01:51:08,600 --> 01:51:10,160 also got interested in the connection 1908 01:51:10,360 --> 01:51:12,720 between the site of Giza and the Orion constellation, 1909 01:51:12,920 --> 01:51:14,000 same as Robert Bauval. 1910 01:52:20,240 --> 01:52:22,760 - 10 500 years prior to our era, 1911 01:52:22,960 --> 01:52:24,960 or 12 500 years ago, 1912 01:52:25,160 --> 01:52:26,960 a time relatively close to the beginning 1913 01:52:27,160 --> 01:52:28,960 of the Younger Dryas period. 1914 01:52:29,160 --> 01:52:32,080 Graham Hancock mentioned an astronomical cycle of the Earth 1915 01:52:32,280 --> 01:52:33,720 called precession of the equinoxes. 1916 01:52:33,920 --> 01:52:37,080 The reason why one refers to equinoxes and constellations. 1917 01:52:38,760 --> 01:52:40,760 As explained by Mathieu Laveau regarding Giza, 1918 01:52:40,960 --> 01:52:43,200 these constellations, once transferred to the ground, 1919 01:52:43,400 --> 01:52:45,920 would work as time stamps 1920 01:52:46,120 --> 01:52:49,320 But what is the precession of the equinoxes? 1921 01:52:49,520 --> 01:52:51,840 In reality, with respect to the Earth, 1922 01:52:52,040 --> 01:52:53,440 stars are not fixed over time. 1923 01:52:53,640 --> 01:52:56,880 the sky looks like it is moving on whole of 1° every 72 years. 1924 01:52:57,080 --> 01:53:00,440 and you will need almost 26 000 years for a whole circle. 1925 01:53:00,640 --> 01:53:02,280 One turn of the Celestial Wheel. 1926 01:53:02,480 --> 01:53:04,240 It is called a Zodiac. 1927 01:53:04,440 --> 01:53:06,760 [mysterious music] 1928 01:53:06,960 --> 01:53:08,360 To find our way in this zodiac 1929 01:53:08,560 --> 01:53:10,800 we connect the stars together, which creates shapes, 1930 01:53:11,000 --> 01:53:13,080 which then permits us to easily identify 1931 01:53:13,280 --> 01:53:14,480 these periods in the sky. 1932 01:53:14,680 --> 01:53:16,840 This is a gigantic astronomical clock 1933 01:53:17,040 --> 01:53:18,960 that never goes wrong. 1934 01:53:19,160 --> 01:53:20,800 As per Plato, a tour of the zodiac 1935 01:53:21,000 --> 01:53:23,840 lasts precisely 25 920 years. 1936 01:53:24,040 --> 01:53:28,080 Modern science establishes it at 25 760 years. 1937 01:53:28,280 --> 01:53:29,440 That Plato managed 1938 01:53:29,640 --> 01:53:32,200 to obtain such a close estimate, 2500 years ago, 1939 01:53:32,400 --> 01:53:35,400 is an enigma that does not seem to interest anyone. 1940 01:53:35,600 --> 01:53:36,600 Let's give him credit 1941 01:53:36,800 --> 01:53:39,320 and let's take the value of 25 920 years, 1942 01:53:39,520 --> 01:53:42,720 Which represents a "big year", divided into 12 months, or eras, 1943 01:53:42,920 --> 01:53:45,160 each lasting about 2 160 years. 1944 01:53:45,360 --> 01:53:47,640 When talking about the modern era, 1945 01:53:47,840 --> 01:53:50,120 it is probably in relation to the era of the Pisces 1946 01:53:50,320 --> 01:53:52,280 which started about 2000 years ago. 1947 01:53:52,480 --> 01:53:54,880 See our famous fishermen in Catholicism. 1948 01:53:55,080 --> 01:53:57,280 And consider this: each of the precessional eras 1949 01:53:57,480 --> 01:54:00,520 is carefully represented on the ancient sites. 1950 01:54:00,720 --> 01:54:03,200 - There's no doubt the Ancients paid attention to those. 1951 01:54:03,400 --> 01:54:05,720 During the age of Taurus, the bull 1952 01:54:05,920 --> 01:54:08,640 was the primary icon in Ancient Egypt 1953 01:54:08,840 --> 01:54:10,360 and in Ancient Mesopotamia. 1954 01:54:10,880 --> 01:54:12,880 As we shift into the age of Aries 1955 01:54:13,080 --> 01:54:15,400 suddenly rams become the primary icon 1956 01:54:15,600 --> 01:54:17,840 Just look at that column of ram-headed sphinxes 1957 01:54:18,040 --> 01:54:19,800 at Karnak, for example, 1958 01:54:20,000 --> 01:54:22,400 As we shift again into the age of Pisces, 1959 01:54:22,600 --> 01:54:23,840 suddenly, it's the fish. 1960 01:54:24,040 --> 01:54:27,240 The early Christians used the fish as their symbol. 1961 01:54:27,440 --> 01:54:28,720 So ancient cultures were aware of this 1962 01:54:28,920 --> 01:54:30,920 and these broad changes in the heavens 1963 01:54:31,120 --> 01:54:34,200 do seem to be accompanied by broad changes on Earth. 1964 01:54:34,800 --> 01:54:37,200 - According to ancient myths and beliefs of various people, 1965 01:54:37,400 --> 01:54:39,080 Earth fits into cycles. 1966 01:54:39,280 --> 01:54:41,320 The most famous being that of the Mayan suns 1967 01:54:41,520 --> 01:54:43,000 or that of the 4 ages of the Earth. 1968 01:54:43,200 --> 01:54:46,360 As per the doctrine of Hermeticism the science of Hermes, 1969 01:54:46,560 --> 01:54:48,320 which despite bearing the name of a Greek God, 1970 01:54:48,520 --> 01:54:50,720 actually dates back to ancient Egypt. 1971 01:54:50,920 --> 01:54:54,240 So it is a question of cycles or periods of time. 1972 01:54:54,440 --> 01:54:55,760 Throughout history, 1973 01:54:55,960 --> 01:54:57,480 the end of Time has often been mentioned. 1974 01:54:57,680 --> 01:55:00,200 but more in reference to the end of "a" time. 1975 01:55:00,400 --> 01:55:02,960 The end of a precessional era. 1976 01:55:03,160 --> 01:55:06,040 Was this what French writer André Malraux was referring to when saying 1977 01:55:06,240 --> 01:55:09,760 "The 21st century shall be spiritual, or won't be at all"? 1978 01:55:09,960 --> 01:55:13,320 But what is the importance of the procession of the equinoxes? 1979 01:55:13,520 --> 01:55:17,000 For us, I do not know. But for them, it was important. 1980 01:55:17,200 --> 01:55:18,320 They were convinced that the planets, 1981 01:55:18,520 --> 01:55:20,360 the gods often representing these planets, 1982 01:55:20,560 --> 01:55:23,040 had an influence on the destiny of humankind. 1983 01:55:23,240 --> 01:55:26,400 The idea of the planet-gods is evident in Ancient Greece, 1984 01:55:26,600 --> 01:55:28,320 where the Antykithera Mechanism, 1985 01:55:28,520 --> 01:55:30,440 which allows to establish with stupefying precision 1986 01:55:30,640 --> 01:55:32,040 the position of our stars, 1987 01:55:32,240 --> 01:55:33,480 could have a new meaning? 1988 01:55:33,680 --> 01:55:35,720 But if Aries and Taurus are indeed marking correctly 1989 01:55:35,920 --> 01:55:37,520 the corresponding astronomical eras, 1990 01:55:37,720 --> 01:55:41,200 what is to be said about the Sphinx in Giza, connected to the Lion? 1991 01:55:41,400 --> 01:55:44,160 The previous era of the Lion started indeed about 13 000 years ago 1992 01:55:44,360 --> 01:55:46,720 just before the beginning of the Younger Dryas period. 1993 01:55:47,640 --> 01:55:48,480 It was at the time 1994 01:55:48,680 --> 01:55:50,560 when I was wondering about the meaning of all of this 1995 01:55:50,760 --> 01:55:53,240 that the results came back from Barabar. 1996 01:55:53,440 --> 01:55:56,280 We had indeed decided to go back there for a very short time 1997 01:55:56,480 --> 01:55:58,160 with a 3D scanner and someone to operate it. 1998 01:55:58,360 --> 01:56:00,320 A sound level meter for acoustic studies, 1999 01:56:00,520 --> 01:56:03,960 a laser level to measure horizontality, verticality, 2000 01:56:04,160 --> 01:56:06,240 and to check the regularity of the curves. 2001 01:56:06,440 --> 01:56:10,040 [mysterious humming] 2002 01:56:12,720 --> 01:56:15,600 The images you will see are the result of 3D scans 2003 01:56:15,800 --> 01:56:19,600 done by a laser rotating double-beam all over the surfaces. 2004 01:56:19,800 --> 01:56:21,920 They are the equivalent of an MRI. 2005 01:56:22,120 --> 01:56:24,760 The impacts of the lasers determine millions of points 2006 01:56:24,960 --> 01:56:28,760 allowing to later recreate volumes with a precision to the millimeter 2007 01:56:28,960 --> 01:56:31,280 and to obtain tri-dimensional pictures 2008 01:56:31,480 --> 01:56:35,280 which I will show you in raw form, with no touch-up. 2009 01:56:35,480 --> 01:56:37,960 Let's start with the two unfinished caves. 2010 01:56:43,720 --> 01:56:47,920 [intriguing ambiance] 2011 01:57:13,400 --> 01:57:15,360 Then on to the completed caves. 2012 01:57:15,560 --> 01:57:18,840 We can see a logical evolution of the shapes. 2013 01:57:19,040 --> 01:57:21,000 The first one is a trapeze-shaped cave 2014 01:57:21,200 --> 01:57:22,680 with a vaulted ceiling, 2015 01:57:22,880 --> 01:57:24,120 entryway in its width. 2016 01:57:26,840 --> 01:57:30,000 [intriguing ambiance] 2017 01:57:40,600 --> 01:57:43,440 The second one is trapeze-shaped with a vaulted ceiling, 2018 01:57:43,640 --> 01:57:45,280 entryway in its length. 2019 01:57:45,480 --> 01:57:48,000 [intriguing ambiance] 2020 01:58:00,480 --> 01:58:03,640 The third one is entirely vaulted, entryway in its width 2021 01:58:03,840 --> 01:58:05,920 and the back wall is curved. 2022 01:58:09,680 --> 01:58:12,000 [intriguing ambiance] 2023 01:58:23,120 --> 01:58:25,560 The fourth one is trapeze-shaped with a vaulted ceiling, 2024 01:58:26,240 --> 01:58:27,520 entryway in its length, 2025 01:58:27,720 --> 01:58:29,720 curved at each of its extremities. 2026 01:58:30,960 --> 01:58:34,000 [intriguing ambiance] 2027 01:58:39,880 --> 01:58:41,720 The fifth one is the most complex, 2028 01:58:41,920 --> 01:58:43,800 trapeze-shaped with a vaulted ceiling, 2029 01:58:44,000 --> 01:58:47,520 hemisphere over a cylinder, truncated at one end. 2030 01:58:52,800 --> 01:58:55,880 [intriguing ambiance] 2031 01:59:09,160 --> 01:59:12,440 This is what was accomplished in granite about 2 300 years ago, 2032 01:59:13,600 --> 01:59:14,600 in India. 2033 01:59:14,800 --> 01:59:17,040 These caves are the oldest of their kind in India 2034 01:59:17,240 --> 01:59:18,520 and for some unknown reason 2035 01:59:18,720 --> 01:59:21,560 all those built in the centuries that followed never managed 2036 01:59:21,760 --> 01:59:24,360 the same level of precision and finish once constructed. 2037 01:59:26,360 --> 01:59:28,400 Using material harder than reinforced steel, 2038 01:59:28,600 --> 01:59:30,800 complex shapes were built with a degree of precision 2039 01:59:31,000 --> 01:59:32,920 ranging from 2 to 8 millimeters 2040 01:59:33,120 --> 01:59:35,360 over a length often exceeding 13 meters. 2041 01:59:35,560 --> 01:59:38,560 this is more than a "good enough for the eye" work. 2042 01:59:38,760 --> 01:59:41,520 These caves are the most vertically symmetrical, 2043 01:59:41,720 --> 01:59:45,480 a real accomplishment, given the available means at the time. 2044 01:59:45,680 --> 01:59:47,520 Let us put aside the question about the tools 2045 01:59:47,720 --> 01:59:50,120 that enabled the constructions of the caves 2046 01:59:50,320 --> 01:59:52,920 under such conditions and discuss the geometry of the shapes. 2047 01:59:53,920 --> 01:59:54,760 Vapiyaka, 2048 01:59:54,960 --> 01:59:55,960 Karan Chopar, 2049 01:59:56,160 --> 01:59:57,240 Gopika 2050 01:59:57,440 --> 02:00:00,040 and the Sudama room all contain trapezoidal sections. 2051 02:00:00,240 --> 02:00:02,880 The vertical walls are in fact slightly tilted 2052 02:00:03,080 --> 02:00:06,240 with a constant angle of less than three degrees. 2053 02:00:06,440 --> 02:00:08,360 In these rooms with trapezoidal sections 2054 02:00:08,560 --> 02:00:11,040 we place portions of cylinders in the form of arcs 2055 02:00:11,240 --> 02:00:15,440 whose central axe height varies from one cave to the other. 2056 02:00:15,640 --> 02:00:16,600 In Vapiyaka, 2057 02:00:16,800 --> 02:00:20,240 the axe is located approximately 13 cm over the floor. 2058 02:00:20,440 --> 02:00:21,400 In Karan Chopar, 2059 02:00:21,600 --> 02:00:24,960 the axis is located approximately 1,20 m over the floor. 2060 02:00:25,880 --> 02:00:26,840 In the room in Sudama, 2061 02:00:27,040 --> 02:00:30,560 the axis is located approximately 1,10 m over the floor. 2062 02:00:30,760 --> 02:00:32,880 But in Gopika, it is more complicated 2063 02:00:33,080 --> 02:00:38,000 since the axe is located approximately 47 cm under the floor. 2064 02:00:38,200 --> 02:00:41,080 Building an arc whose axis is located 47 cm under the floor 2065 02:00:41,280 --> 02:00:44,480 greatly complicates measurements during its construction. 2066 02:00:44,680 --> 02:00:46,880 A requirement to verify proper curvature. 2067 02:00:47,080 --> 02:00:49,640 Nothing mandates that arcs be made from portions of cylinders 2068 02:00:49,840 --> 02:00:51,440 unless this is explicitly required. 2069 02:00:51,640 --> 02:00:53,840 And everything is done with a glass finish. 2070 02:00:54,040 --> 02:00:55,040 Let us simplify things. 2071 02:00:55,240 --> 02:00:57,680 We do not aim for such precision for no reason. 2072 02:00:57,880 --> 02:00:59,160 In the case of the caves, 2073 02:00:59,360 --> 02:01:02,480 it must have been a necessary part of the architectural specifications. 2074 02:01:02,680 --> 02:01:06,520 Construction plans with such precise dimensions had a specific reason, 2075 02:01:06,720 --> 02:01:08,840 all which enlightens us about the knowledge and the skills 2076 02:01:09,040 --> 02:01:10,320 required for their execution, 2077 02:01:10,520 --> 02:01:12,760 which would have required at least one engineer 2078 02:01:12,960 --> 02:01:15,880 and several highly skilled laborers during construction. 2079 02:01:16,080 --> 02:01:17,240 Something that appears quite advanced 2080 02:01:17,440 --> 02:01:18,800 with respect to the knowledge 2081 02:01:19,000 --> 02:01:20,880 and the technical means available during the Ashoka period, 2082 02:01:21,080 --> 02:01:23,760 indicated by the quality in the realization of the porch 2083 02:01:23,960 --> 02:01:26,400 and the inscriptions on certain caves. 2084 02:01:27,480 --> 02:01:30,400 OK, but why construct such peculiar rooms? 2085 02:01:30,800 --> 02:01:33,080 Something surprising about the caves is the sound, 2086 02:01:33,280 --> 02:01:36,400 and the way it propagates due to the slight inclination of the walls, 2087 02:01:36,600 --> 02:01:38,640 which leads to a suppression of echo 2088 02:01:38,840 --> 02:01:40,840 in favor of acoustic resonance. 2089 02:01:41,040 --> 02:01:43,160 If it is not an extraordinary coincidence, 2090 02:01:43,360 --> 02:01:45,440 which is likely when confronted with the evidence, 2091 02:01:45,640 --> 02:01:47,360 then where can the preliminary tests 2092 02:01:47,560 --> 02:01:50,120 leading to such degree of expertise be found? 2093 02:01:50,320 --> 02:01:52,520 Once again, like with the Antikythera mechanism, 2094 02:01:52,720 --> 02:01:55,920 it was necessary to experiment, to conceive prototypes. 2095 02:01:56,120 --> 02:01:58,800 Caves of such precisions are not conceivable without prior tests. 2096 02:01:59,000 --> 02:02:00,920 Yet no prototype is found anywhere 2097 02:02:01,120 --> 02:02:03,360 other than these two incomplete caves. 2098 02:02:03,560 --> 02:02:05,920 And the work performed in the following centuries in India 2099 02:02:06,120 --> 02:02:10,160 would never equal, or come close to the level of these masterpieces. 2100 02:02:10,360 --> 02:02:12,880 These spaces behave like resonance chambers. 2101 02:02:13,080 --> 02:02:14,680 Tests conducted in the Sudama cave 2102 02:02:14,880 --> 02:02:17,360 show that when one is placed in the center of the dome, 2103 02:02:17,560 --> 02:02:22,040 certain frequencies make precise parts of the organism vibrate. 2104 02:02:22,240 --> 02:02:25,120 But Let's be more concrete. Data analysis using a sonometer 2105 02:02:25,320 --> 02:02:27,240 yields incredible results for three of the caves. 2106 02:02:27,440 --> 02:02:28,960 Measurements taken in the last two 2107 02:02:29,160 --> 02:02:32,120 are not sufficient at the moment and will need further completion. 2108 02:02:32,320 --> 02:02:34,320 Let us start by Karan Chopar. 2109 02:02:34,520 --> 02:02:36,920 This cave resonates at a frequency of 200 Hz 2110 02:02:37,120 --> 02:02:38,960 as well as at multiples of this frequency: 2111 02:02:39,160 --> 02:02:43,880 400 Hz, 800 Hz, 1000 Hz and 1200 Hz. 2112 02:02:44,080 --> 02:02:46,280 Gopika resonates at 200 Hz 2113 02:02:46,480 --> 02:02:49,960 400 Hz, 800 Hz and 1200 hz. 2114 02:02:50,160 --> 02:02:52,920 And Vadathika resonates at 200 Hz and 1000 Hz. 2115 02:02:53,120 --> 02:02:55,160 [loud thud] 2116 02:02:55,360 --> 02:02:58,160 Are you aware of the implications? 2117 02:02:58,360 --> 02:03:00,240 Those who conceived and built these three caves 2118 02:03:00,440 --> 02:03:02,240 ith their specific shapes and dimensions 2119 02:03:02,440 --> 02:03:05,280 knew that they would resonate at these frequencies. 2120 02:03:05,480 --> 02:03:08,080 Can we attribute this to mere coincidence? 2121 02:03:08,280 --> 02:03:12,160 Precise frequency calculations, 2300 years ago. 2122 02:03:12,360 --> 02:03:14,840 Since these three shapes resonate at precise frequencies, 2123 02:03:15,040 --> 02:03:16,760 how can we know it before making them? 2124 02:03:16,960 --> 02:03:19,480 How to calculate their dimensions? 2125 02:03:19,680 --> 02:03:20,800 In regards to Sudama, 2126 02:03:21,000 --> 02:03:22,840 the circular diameter on the ground of the chamber 2127 02:03:23,040 --> 02:03:24,960 measures 6 meters, to the millimieter. 2128 02:03:25,160 --> 02:03:27,400 On this complex shape of truncated cone 2129 02:03:27,600 --> 02:03:30,200 they placed half a sphere of about 3 meters in diameter 2130 02:03:30,400 --> 02:03:32,520 with a 5cm difference this time, 2131 02:03:32,720 --> 02:03:34,640 whose center is 1 meter above the ground, 2132 02:03:34,840 --> 02:03:36,440 give or take 1 cm. 2133 02:03:36,640 --> 02:03:39,320 No, I won't sell you the meter over other measuring units 2134 02:03:39,520 --> 02:03:41,920 but, recurrent luck or a hint from the builders, 2135 02:03:42,120 --> 02:03:44,080 this circle is about 6 meters in diameter 2136 02:03:44,280 --> 02:03:46,840 or Pi in royal cubits in diameter. 2137 02:03:47,040 --> 02:03:48,000 Divided by 6, 2138 02:03:48,200 --> 02:03:50,440 the arc equals Pi in meters. 2139 02:03:51,840 --> 02:03:54,760 [mysterious music] 2140 02:03:56,920 --> 02:03:59,640 What if I told you these granite caves are also located 2141 02:03:59,840 --> 02:04:02,560 ver a discontinuity point of Earth's crust? 2142 02:04:02,760 --> 02:04:04,640 It is up to each of you to conclude what you want 2143 02:04:04,840 --> 02:04:06,640 in regard to these masterpieces. 2144 02:04:06,840 --> 02:04:08,960 That with the help of chisels and good will 2145 02:04:09,160 --> 02:04:11,560 builders might have accomplished this useless miracle 2146 02:04:11,760 --> 02:04:13,400 or maybe we are indeed facing 2147 02:04:13,600 --> 02:04:16,840 the illustration of a science totally unknown to us. 2148 02:04:17,440 --> 02:04:19,480 Ritualistic or religious reason 2149 02:04:19,680 --> 02:04:22,920 or remnants of a science misunderstood and forgotten? 2150 02:04:23,120 --> 02:04:25,080 I believe we have greatly mistaken 2151 02:04:25,280 --> 02:04:27,040 about the true function of these sacred temples 2152 02:04:27,240 --> 02:04:28,800 of our past. 2153 02:04:29,000 --> 02:04:32,240 If one spends so much energy maneuvering such massive stones. 2154 02:04:32,440 --> 02:04:34,840 Of one adjusts and fits them so precisely. 2155 02:04:35,040 --> 02:04:36,280 Of one positions them 2156 02:04:36,480 --> 02:04:38,200 at the intersections of the magnetic equator 2157 02:04:38,400 --> 02:04:39,400 with discontinuity points. 2158 02:04:39,600 --> 02:04:42,160 If one builds them with such unique rocks. 2159 02:04:42,360 --> 02:04:44,280 If one uses such special numbers. 2160 02:04:44,480 --> 02:04:47,440 If one meticulously orients the structures with the stars, 2161 02:04:47,640 --> 02:04:50,400 it is obviously because there is more to it. 2162 02:04:52,240 --> 02:04:54,320 We still have a lot to learn from Barabar and Giza. 2163 02:04:54,520 --> 02:04:55,920 I am sure. 2164 02:04:56,560 --> 02:04:59,000 [hopeful music] 2165 02:04:59,200 --> 02:05:01,760 Before placing the last and necessary piece of this puzzle 2166 02:05:01,960 --> 02:05:04,960 I will restate what we have thus found. 2167 02:05:06,600 --> 02:05:08,000 Enigmatic ancient sites 2168 02:05:08,200 --> 02:05:09,880 built according to similar techniques 2169 02:05:10,080 --> 02:05:12,800 everywhere on the planet implying a transmission of knowledge. 2170 02:05:14,320 --> 02:05:16,440 Absence of archives or explanations 2171 02:05:16,640 --> 02:05:18,320 about the means and techniques utilized. 2172 02:05:18,520 --> 02:05:20,680 A particular care in the choice of rocks. 2173 02:05:22,960 --> 02:05:24,440 Unfinished elements. 2174 02:05:26,040 --> 02:05:29,040 [mysterious music] 2175 02:05:29,800 --> 02:05:32,680 An advanced design accompanied by a precise construction 2176 02:05:32,880 --> 02:05:34,440 contrary to the knowledge and simple means 2177 02:05:34,640 --> 02:05:35,960 supposedly used at the time. 2178 02:05:39,320 --> 02:05:41,680 Astronomical orientation of major sites 2179 02:05:41,880 --> 02:05:44,760 in reference to the precession of the equinoxes. 2180 02:05:44,960 --> 02:05:47,520 An archaeological site pushing back the certainty 2181 02:05:47,720 --> 02:05:49,320 of the beginnings of human sedentarization 2182 02:05:49,520 --> 02:05:51,800 to the start of the last era 2183 02:05:52,000 --> 02:05:55,240 of brutal climate changes of our planet, about 13 000 years ago. 2184 02:05:55,920 --> 02:05:58,800 An archaeological site implying the use of sound frequencies 2185 02:05:59,000 --> 02:06:00,520 for reasons still unknown. 2186 02:06:01,320 --> 02:06:03,120 Presence of the Golden Ratio geometry 2187 02:06:03,320 --> 02:06:06,840 opposing the knowledge commonly attributed at the time 2188 02:06:07,040 --> 02:06:09,200 A connection between the cubit of the Great Pyramid, 2189 02:06:09,400 --> 02:06:10,920 the royal Quine and the meter. 2190 02:06:11,120 --> 02:06:13,240 implying a knowledge of the dimensions of the Earth 2191 02:06:13,440 --> 02:06:15,520 before its measurement in 1795 2192 02:06:15,720 --> 02:06:17,840 and its transmission throughout the ages. 2193 02:06:18,640 --> 02:06:21,600 The positioning of ancient sites within a geometric planetary frame 2194 02:06:21,800 --> 02:06:23,120 connected to the Golden Ratio, 2195 02:06:23,320 --> 02:06:25,440 the dregrees and the metric system. 2196 02:06:25,640 --> 02:06:27,800 The location of sites at the intersection of points 2197 02:06:28,000 --> 02:06:29,640 of discontinuity of Earth's crust 2198 02:06:29,840 --> 02:06:31,280 and the magnetic equator. 2199 02:06:32,080 --> 02:06:34,280 Scriptures, myths or sacred texts mentioning one 2200 02:06:34,480 --> 02:06:36,680 or more advanced civilisations vanishing 2201 02:06:36,880 --> 02:06:39,840 confirmed at various places by the discovery of remains. 2202 02:06:41,960 --> 02:06:43,720 Facing all these facts and connections, 2203 02:06:43,920 --> 02:06:46,480 I put forward that instead of chance, I choose 2204 02:06:46,680 --> 02:06:48,680 what seems to be the most rational explanation. 2205 02:06:48,880 --> 02:06:51,920 The existence of a very advanced civilisation in the past 2206 02:06:52,120 --> 02:06:54,960 who would have disappeared following a cataclysm. 2207 02:06:55,160 --> 02:06:57,480 I have wondered how it could have transmitted its knowledge 2208 02:06:57,680 --> 02:06:59,520 through a unique way to see the world. 2209 02:06:59,720 --> 02:07:00,920 not knowing whether it could be 2210 02:07:01,120 --> 02:07:03,200 understood by other civilizations after it. 2211 02:07:03,400 --> 02:07:06,480 And it appeared to me, in all its splendor. 2212 02:07:06,680 --> 02:07:10,280 So, "genius builders” or "fruit of our imagination"? 2213 02:07:10,480 --> 02:07:12,640 [epic music] 2214 02:07:12,840 --> 02:07:14,560 In the Apocalypse according to St John, 2215 02:07:14,760 --> 02:07:17,360 the prophetic text ending the New Testament of the Christians, 2216 02:07:17,560 --> 02:07:19,920 he mentions the end of a particular era. 2217 02:07:20,120 --> 02:07:23,160 One may read this rather enigmatic sentence. 2218 02:07:34,840 --> 02:07:38,080 On a card of the Marseille tarot, the arcane 21, called "The World" 2219 02:07:38,280 --> 02:07:39,840 one may find these 3 animals 2220 02:07:40,040 --> 02:07:43,200 as well as the man, represented by an angel. 2221 02:07:43,400 --> 02:07:45,320 We are told about astronomical constellations. 2222 02:07:46,760 --> 02:07:49,800 Taurus, Lion, Scorpio that used to be the Eagle, 2223 02:07:50,000 --> 02:07:52,240 and Aquarius, formerly the angel. 2224 02:07:52,440 --> 02:07:55,520 Aldebaraan, Regulus, Antares and Fomalhaut. 2225 02:07:55,720 --> 02:07:57,880 The Fixed Cross of the Elders. 2226 02:07:58,080 --> 02:08:00,520 Printed in a double square on the Tarot card. 2227 02:08:00,720 --> 02:08:04,280 A double square opening to the Golden Ratio geometry. 2228 02:08:06,240 --> 02:08:07,920 Contrary to popular belief, 2229 02:08:08,120 --> 02:08:10,840 "apocalypse" in Greek does not mean "the end of the world" 2230 02:08:11,040 --> 02:08:14,520 but "disclosure of knowledge". 2231 02:08:16,000 --> 02:08:18,080 A religious scripture, a card game, structures 2232 02:08:18,840 --> 02:08:20,760 Multiple communication mediums 2233 02:08:20,960 --> 02:08:22,760 conveying the same invisible knowledge 2234 02:08:22,960 --> 02:08:24,760 to those who don't know how to read it, 2235 02:08:24,960 --> 02:08:27,400 But will keep playing it and telling stories 2236 02:08:27,600 --> 02:08:30,240 since this is the way humans are. 2237 02:08:32,360 --> 02:08:34,360 In the animal kingdom which we belong to, 2238 02:08:34,560 --> 02:08:37,360 game has always been the best learning aide. 2239 02:08:37,560 --> 02:08:39,320 Similar to the stories that we are told 2240 02:08:39,520 --> 02:08:42,360 and are sometimes teaching us, without even seeming to. 2241 02:08:42,560 --> 02:08:44,160 [mysterious music] 2242 02:08:45,080 --> 02:08:46,280 This type of transmission 2243 02:08:46,480 --> 02:08:48,760 would have more chance to hide from the various powers 2244 02:08:48,960 --> 02:08:50,600 that inevitably appeared on our planet, 2245 02:08:50,800 --> 02:08:53,120 with the disturbing habit to try and rewrite the past, 2246 02:08:53,720 --> 02:08:56,120 to better justify their domineering position. 2247 02:08:57,880 --> 02:09:01,080 But they will always let people play and tell tales. 2248 02:09:02,880 --> 02:09:04,120 Even the almighty Church 2249 02:09:04,320 --> 02:09:07,280 with its tetramorph supposedly representing the 4 evangelists 2250 02:09:07,480 --> 02:09:09,360 Mathew, Mark, Luke and John 2251 02:09:09,560 --> 02:09:11,520 would not have seen anything. 2252 02:09:11,720 --> 02:09:13,720 [mysterious music] 2253 02:09:13,920 --> 02:09:16,920 Otherwise why would it reverse the Lion and the Taurus? 2254 02:09:18,680 --> 02:09:20,520 It may have all been laid before our eyes 2255 02:09:20,720 --> 02:09:22,920 everywhere all the time, and since the beginning. 2256 02:09:24,000 --> 02:09:26,640 Ways to transmit, throughout thousands of years 2257 02:09:26,840 --> 02:09:28,960 information impossible to understand 2258 02:09:29,160 --> 02:09:31,200 before reaching a certain level of development. 2259 02:09:31,920 --> 02:09:36,160 What an extraordinary act of wisdom provided by these builders. 2260 02:09:36,360 --> 02:09:38,240 And what an extraordinary lesson of humility 2261 02:09:38,440 --> 02:09:40,920 and self-sacrifice from these humble people 2262 02:09:41,120 --> 02:09:43,760 who discreetly transmitted this precious information 2263 02:09:43,960 --> 02:09:44,880 throughout time 2264 02:09:45,080 --> 02:09:48,400 for the time when we will be able to understand it again. 2265 02:09:49,440 --> 02:09:52,120 Given what we can see regarding these complex structures, 2266 02:09:52,320 --> 02:09:54,080 it appears that we are still very far away 2267 02:09:54,280 --> 02:09:55,520 from reaching their level of knowledge 2268 02:09:55,720 --> 02:09:57,440 and simplicity in expression, 2269 02:09:57,640 --> 02:10:00,160 which I find is truly genius. 2270 02:10:02,840 --> 02:10:05,520 Which makes it impossible to comprehend to the eyes of those 2271 02:10:05,720 --> 02:10:08,720 who see without seeing and have no other choice than to giggle, 2272 02:10:08,920 --> 02:10:10,600 For with the caves at Barabar, 2273 02:10:10,800 --> 02:10:12,200 the sound and science of frequencies 2274 02:10:12,400 --> 02:10:14,680 comes into play through the front door. 2275 02:10:14,880 --> 02:10:16,960 The one, open but not understood 2276 02:10:17,160 --> 02:10:19,440 of the High Chamber of the Great Pyramid at Giza, 2277 02:10:19,640 --> 02:10:20,560 also made of granite, 2278 02:10:20,760 --> 02:10:24,240 seemingly a concentration of all of our ancestors' knowledge. 2279 02:10:25,640 --> 02:10:26,840 This prodigious High Chamber 2280 02:10:27,040 --> 02:10:29,360 protected by such an inefficient security system 2281 02:10:29,560 --> 02:10:32,000 that considering their high level of technical mastery 2282 02:10:32,200 --> 02:10:33,960 we could only see as symbolic. 2283 02:10:34,160 --> 02:10:36,960 A system that would lead one to expect a precious treasure 2284 02:10:37,160 --> 02:10:39,840 But there is nothing more than an austere granite trunk 2285 02:10:40,040 --> 02:10:42,560 too big to pass through the door and the hallways. 2286 02:10:42,760 --> 02:10:44,000 Why? 2287 02:10:44,640 --> 02:10:46,840 The ritualistic or religious explanation 2288 02:10:47,040 --> 02:10:48,320 prevents further thinking. 2289 02:10:48,520 --> 02:10:50,560 However after all that we have seen 2290 02:10:50,760 --> 02:10:53,480 its significance is self evident. 2291 02:10:55,960 --> 02:10:58,360 This chamber contains the ultimate treasure. 2292 02:10:58,560 --> 02:11:00,760 The treasure of knowledge. 2293 02:11:00,960 --> 02:11:03,280 It's a sublime mathematical symphony. 2294 02:11:03,480 --> 02:11:05,240 The true music of the spheres, 2295 02:11:05,440 --> 02:11:07,960 written in the universal language of the numbers, 2296 02:11:08,160 --> 02:11:11,080 creating the invisible frame of our world. 2297 02:11:12,040 --> 02:11:15,360 [ominous music] 2298 02:11:15,560 --> 02:11:18,120 For the few experiences I could have in this chamber 2299 02:11:18,320 --> 02:11:20,440 the sound seems to play an important role. 2300 02:11:20,640 --> 02:11:21,880 The spectral audio analysis 2301 02:11:22,080 --> 02:11:24,560 performed on the voice recording data in this room 2302 02:11:24,760 --> 02:11:27,120 exhibits a set a frequences sensibly equal 2303 02:11:27,320 --> 02:11:29,440 to that found in the three first caves of Barabar. 2304 02:11:30,240 --> 02:11:32,440 It is possible it consists, as in Barabar, 2305 02:11:32,640 --> 02:11:36,640 of the ancient musical skill, based on 432 Hz. 2306 02:11:36,840 --> 02:11:38,480 But all requires further analysis 2307 02:11:38,680 --> 02:11:41,000 with more sophisticated material. 2308 02:11:41,200 --> 02:11:42,920 But what if I suspect is proving 2309 02:11:43,120 --> 02:11:45,240 the perspectives are mind-blowing. 2310 02:11:47,240 --> 02:11:49,720 This debauchery of technical prowess 2311 02:11:49,920 --> 02:11:51,520 accomplished all around our planet, 2312 02:11:51,720 --> 02:11:54,720 in specific locations that can only be determined with certainty 2313 02:11:54,920 --> 02:11:56,760 with the help of an elaborate scientific knowledge, 2314 02:11:57,400 --> 02:11:59,240 all these clues left everywhere around us 2315 02:11:59,440 --> 02:12:00,840 represent in my eyes, 2316 02:12:01,040 --> 02:12:03,440 the indisputable trace of these builders. 2317 02:12:04,200 --> 02:12:07,160 [epic music] 2318 02:12:08,160 --> 02:12:09,880 These builders, whose recollection 2319 02:12:10,080 --> 02:12:11,480 seems to be lost in the memory, 2320 02:12:11,680 --> 02:12:15,400 but whose footprints, left in stone, are more than eloquent. 2321 02:12:16,880 --> 02:12:19,680 These footprints, we also find in scriptures. 2322 02:12:19,880 --> 02:12:20,960 To the readers of the Koran, 2323 02:12:21,160 --> 02:12:22,760 I wish to dedicate this sentence. 2324 02:12:31,720 --> 02:12:33,760 And to those reading the Bible, this one. 2325 02:12:37,480 --> 02:12:39,600 For the site of Gobekli Tepe does not cry out. 2326 02:12:39,800 --> 02:12:42,160 It screams. And it is not the only one. 2327 02:12:43,800 --> 02:12:45,760 [ominous music] 2328 02:12:45,960 --> 02:12:48,720 If we exclude from the equations the disrupting elements, 2329 02:12:48,920 --> 02:12:51,000 then one will not find what one is looking for. 2330 02:12:51,200 --> 02:12:52,960 It is the same thing when an archaeologist 2331 02:12:53,160 --> 02:12:55,000 who does not believe in the existence 2332 02:12:55,200 --> 02:12:57,640 of sophisticated mechanical tools in the past 2333 02:12:57,840 --> 02:12:59,440 does not see the point in measuring a surface 2334 02:12:59,640 --> 02:13:02,040 with the roughness-measuring device or to scan it in 3D. 2335 02:13:02,240 --> 02:13:03,560 If he is already convinced 2336 02:13:03,760 --> 02:13:05,680 that it is the by-product of basic tools 2337 02:13:05,880 --> 02:13:07,520 then why bother checking? 2338 02:13:07,720 --> 02:13:10,000 This goes against the true scientific approach 2339 02:13:10,200 --> 02:13:11,240 which, since Descartes, 2340 02:13:11,440 --> 02:13:12,840 needs to wipe the slate clean 2341 02:13:13,040 --> 02:13:15,320 of assumptions and prejudice. 2342 02:13:16,320 --> 02:13:17,720 At the end of the 18th century 2343 02:13:17,920 --> 02:13:19,600 a scientist as brilliant as Lavoisier 2344 02:13:19,800 --> 02:13:20,720 was smiling at the fact 2345 02:13:20,920 --> 02:13:23,440 that stones might be able to fall from the sky. 2346 02:13:23,640 --> 02:13:26,880 A few decades before the existence of meteorites was proven. 2347 02:13:27,080 --> 02:13:28,400 So be let's be prudent. 2348 02:13:28,600 --> 02:13:30,440 since tomorrow's science will probably 2349 02:13:30,640 --> 02:13:32,080 shatter today's convictions. 2350 02:14:17,480 --> 02:14:20,800 The hypothesis of a lost civilisation is disruptive. 2351 02:14:21,000 --> 02:14:24,160 Most of the time it is ridiculed and those who defend this theory 2352 02:14:24,360 --> 02:14:26,360 as serious as they might be, are ignored, 2353 02:14:26,560 --> 02:14:29,040 which prevents us from discussing their arguments. 2354 02:14:29,240 --> 02:14:30,920 As educated as one may be, 2355 02:14:31,120 --> 02:14:33,720 no one is exempt from their own prejudice and emotions 2356 02:14:33,920 --> 02:14:36,560 otherwise, how would we explain that such a hypothesis 2357 02:14:36,760 --> 02:14:38,600 could bother us so much? 2358 02:14:38,800 --> 02:14:41,320 For this reason, I wanted to pay respect to all these researchers 2359 02:14:41,520 --> 02:14:44,320 who are fighting silently away from all of the media's chaos 2360 02:14:44,520 --> 02:14:46,240 and mockeries of their colleagues 2361 02:14:46,440 --> 02:14:48,520 Because in the end only the facts count. 2362 02:14:48,720 --> 02:14:50,160 In summary what I am trying to say 2363 02:14:50,360 --> 02:14:53,440 is that we will most likely need to change our way of thinking 2364 02:14:53,640 --> 02:14:55,040 if we want to understand the science 2365 02:14:55,240 --> 02:14:57,400 of these builders of the ancient world. 2366 02:14:57,600 --> 02:14:59,360 I know it is not easy to reconsider 2367 02:14:59,560 --> 02:15:01,320 the founding principles of our society, 2368 02:15:01,520 --> 02:15:04,560 on which we have built our current vision of the world. 2369 02:15:04,760 --> 02:15:06,560 Yet all these kings, emperors, dictators, 2370 02:15:06,760 --> 02:15:08,520 political leaders and religious heads 2371 02:15:08,720 --> 02:15:11,640 throughout our history have each time arranged the stories, 2372 02:15:11,840 --> 02:15:13,280 erased the records of the losers 2373 02:15:13,480 --> 02:15:15,240 and surely wiped out or rewritten the past 2374 02:15:15,440 --> 02:15:17,920 in order to legitimize their power. 2375 02:15:18,120 --> 02:15:20,320 [epic music] 2376 02:15:20,520 --> 02:15:22,360 But the structures from the past are speaking to us 2377 02:15:22,560 --> 02:15:23,800 if we deign listen to them. 2378 02:15:24,000 --> 02:15:25,720 The city of Caral shows it is possible 2379 02:15:25,920 --> 02:15:28,200 to live a long period in time without any conflict. 2380 02:15:28,400 --> 02:15:31,480 Ancient Egypt also, since it did not start any expansion wars. 2381 02:15:32,040 --> 02:15:34,440 The Inca Empire again, who showed us that 2382 02:15:34,640 --> 02:15:36,720 if all the people were not properly integrated 2383 02:15:36,920 --> 02:15:38,160 in the respect of their identity 2384 02:15:38,360 --> 02:15:41,600 and not by force, sooner or later, conflict would ensue. 2385 02:15:43,520 --> 02:15:46,280 Our Earth also, is perhaps speaking to us. 2386 02:15:46,480 --> 02:15:49,600 Our magnetic pole has sped up its pace in the last 30 years 2387 02:15:49,800 --> 02:15:50,920 and one would need to be blind 2388 02:15:51,120 --> 02:15:52,880 not to see that our climate is disrupted. 2389 02:15:53,360 --> 02:15:55,720 The ground is rumbling more often and more loudly. 2390 02:15:56,920 --> 02:15:58,640 We still have so much to discover 2391 02:15:58,840 --> 02:16:01,760 it is now up to you to go and see these sites. 2392 02:16:01,960 --> 02:16:03,040 Wake up! 2393 02:16:06,840 --> 02:16:08,760 [whooshing] 2394 02:16:11,960 --> 02:16:14,760 [mysterious music]