1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:36,603 --> 00:00:40,006 - A very good sign that you've misunderstood the cause 4 00:00:40,006 --> 00:00:44,978 of a disorder is your inability to treat or prevent it. 5 00:00:46,447 --> 00:00:49,450 - You look at the data of ever increasing obesity 6 00:00:49,450 --> 00:00:52,585 and diabetes and you just think, 7 00:00:52,585 --> 00:00:54,787 how is it possible the whole world has failed 8 00:00:54,787 --> 00:00:55,689 to eat healthfully? 9 00:00:56,923 --> 00:00:59,292 Maybe we're being told the wrong advice. 10 00:00:59,292 --> 00:01:01,494 - [Reporter] Since the 1960s the American Heart Association 11 00:01:01,494 --> 00:01:04,063 has been saying saturated fat is detrimental 12 00:01:04,063 --> 00:01:05,299 to cardiovascular health, 13 00:01:05,299 --> 00:01:07,400 you need to get it out of the diet. 14 00:01:07,400 --> 00:01:11,105 - It's hard to think of another policy that has caused 15 00:01:11,105 --> 00:01:14,641 so much harm that has been so wrong. 16 00:01:16,909 --> 00:01:18,346 - You know the chief killer of Americans 17 00:01:18,346 --> 00:01:20,448 is cardiovascular disease. 18 00:01:20,448 --> 00:01:22,582 - [Dr. Sara] The manipulation of the data and the idea 19 00:01:22,582 --> 00:01:25,953 and the push for low-fat, really got us in trouble. 20 00:01:27,087 --> 00:01:30,424 - I think the low-fat diet is genocide. 21 00:01:30,424 --> 00:01:33,127 - Saturated fat increases cardiovascular risk. 22 00:01:33,127 --> 00:01:35,228 - We've been told forever that fats gonna kill you. 23 00:01:35,228 --> 00:01:38,132 - This started because incontrovertible evidence 24 00:01:38,132 --> 00:01:40,234 that saturated fat is bad. 25 00:01:40,234 --> 00:01:41,734 - Over and over and over. 26 00:01:41,734 --> 00:01:44,271 - The more animal protein, particularly red meat you eat, 27 00:01:44,271 --> 00:01:45,972 the more likely you'll get sick from all kinds 28 00:01:45,972 --> 00:01:47,240 of different things. 29 00:01:47,240 --> 00:01:48,776 - You're fat because you eat too much fat. 30 00:01:48,776 --> 00:01:51,179 - So, low-fat, low-fat, low-fat, low-fat, low-fat. 31 00:01:52,612 --> 00:01:54,448 - [Dr. Mark] For 40-years, the dietary guidelines 32 00:01:54,448 --> 00:01:57,551 have set nutrition standards for every American, 33 00:01:57,551 --> 00:02:00,853 for our kids in school, for food programs for the poor 34 00:02:00,853 --> 00:02:04,158 and the elderly, for rations for our nation's military, 35 00:02:04,158 --> 00:02:07,495 for doctors, nutritionists and dieticians. 36 00:02:07,495 --> 00:02:11,164 We've had it hammered into our heads that fat is bad, 37 00:02:11,164 --> 00:02:14,033 especially saturated fat, the kind found in meat, 38 00:02:14,033 --> 00:02:18,205 dairy and some tropical oils like coconut and palm. 39 00:02:18,205 --> 00:02:21,175 - [Female Narrator] The base of the pyramid, carbohydrates. 40 00:02:21,175 --> 00:02:23,811 - [Dr. Mark] The food pyramid codified our fat phobia 41 00:02:23,811 --> 00:02:26,680 telling us to make carbohydrates the foundation 42 00:02:26,680 --> 00:02:28,181 of our food choices. 43 00:02:28,181 --> 00:02:30,984 - I think the food pyramid is great if you're standing 44 00:02:30,984 --> 00:02:33,287 on your head because you need to turn 45 00:02:33,287 --> 00:02:35,323 that pyramid upside down. 46 00:02:35,323 --> 00:02:37,123 - You can't be serious, that would put butter 47 00:02:37,123 --> 00:02:38,057 and fat at the top of the-- 48 00:02:38,057 --> 00:02:39,259 - Flip the damn food pyramid! 49 00:02:45,966 --> 00:02:48,301 - Nutrition is stabilizing. 50 00:02:48,301 --> 00:02:49,603 - We got the whole story wrong, 51 00:02:49,603 --> 00:02:51,170 we were told to eat six to 11 servings of bread, 52 00:02:51,170 --> 00:02:54,040 rice, cereal and pasta a day by the government 53 00:02:54,040 --> 00:02:55,343 and the food pyramid, 54 00:02:55,343 --> 00:02:56,644 it should be called the food tombstone. 55 00:03:01,748 --> 00:03:04,518 - I'm Doctor Mark Hyman, a functional medicine physician 56 00:03:04,518 --> 00:03:06,954 with a focus on food as medicine. 57 00:03:09,389 --> 00:03:12,325 And I understand the healing power of food. 58 00:03:14,594 --> 00:03:15,862 But I can tell you, 59 00:03:15,862 --> 00:03:18,632 the low-fat diet did not make us healthy. 60 00:03:20,099 --> 00:03:25,004 - I think a low-fat heart healthy diet is unproven. 61 00:03:26,639 --> 00:03:30,411 It was essentially a huge experiment on millions of people, 62 00:03:31,144 --> 00:03:33,413 and it failed miserably. 63 00:03:33,413 --> 00:03:35,748 Wait a minute, have you not seen, 64 00:03:35,748 --> 00:03:38,451 are you not practicing medicine to see who's coming 65 00:03:38,451 --> 00:03:41,254 into your clinic to see the problems 66 00:03:41,254 --> 00:03:43,090 that this idea has caused? 67 00:03:43,090 --> 00:03:46,326 I mean, it's just to me, unbelievable. 68 00:03:47,795 --> 00:03:50,930 - [Dr. Mark] For years, even I believed that eating fat 69 00:03:50,930 --> 00:03:54,567 would make me fat and that eating saturated fat 70 00:03:54,567 --> 00:03:57,471 would cause heart disease and kill me. 71 00:03:57,471 --> 00:04:00,073 But now, a growing group of experts reveal 72 00:04:00,073 --> 00:04:03,443 that the science against saturated fat was never there. 73 00:04:04,645 --> 00:04:06,847 - I was astonished to find that there simply 74 00:04:06,847 --> 00:04:08,348 was no evidence. 75 00:04:08,348 --> 00:04:10,918 - It was just an idea, but it was launched as a policy 76 00:04:10,918 --> 00:04:13,853 for all Americans based really on no evidence at all. 77 00:04:13,853 --> 00:04:15,288 - What is the evidence? 78 00:04:15,288 --> 00:04:17,524 A big, big zero. 79 00:04:18,625 --> 00:04:20,093 - Our federal dietary guidelines, 80 00:04:20,093 --> 00:04:22,795 the official government advice for how we should all eat 81 00:04:22,795 --> 00:04:25,699 to stay healthy, tell us to limit saturated fat 82 00:04:25,699 --> 00:04:27,500 to just a couple of bites a day 83 00:04:27,500 --> 00:04:31,838 and make carbohydrates more than half our daily calories. 84 00:04:31,838 --> 00:04:34,106 I'm here to tell you, that advice 85 00:04:34,106 --> 00:04:36,976 is upside down and backwards. 86 00:04:36,976 --> 00:04:40,480 The idea that eating fat will make you fat is wrong 87 00:04:40,480 --> 00:04:43,884 and the science that says saturated fat causes heart disease 88 00:04:43,884 --> 00:04:47,187 is misleading and instead has led our nation down 89 00:04:47,187 --> 00:04:50,524 a dangerous path toward a wide-spread epidemic 90 00:04:50,524 --> 00:04:52,992 of obesity and type 2 diabetes. 91 00:04:54,394 --> 00:04:56,797 - We screwed up, it happens all the time in science, 92 00:04:56,797 --> 00:05:00,968 medical orthodoxy latched onto the wrong explanation, 93 00:05:00,968 --> 00:05:03,637 made a tragic mistake and now we're living 94 00:05:03,637 --> 00:05:05,137 with the consequences. 95 00:05:09,643 --> 00:05:12,245 (mellow music) 96 00:05:19,586 --> 00:05:20,987 - [Charlie Gibson] The nation got a report card 97 00:05:20,987 --> 00:05:23,557 on obesity today and the country flunked. 98 00:05:23,557 --> 00:05:24,891 - [News Reporter] The battle against obesity 99 00:05:24,891 --> 00:05:26,526 has been going on for years. 100 00:05:26,526 --> 00:05:28,661 - [Michelle Obama] One in three children in this country 101 00:05:28,661 --> 00:05:31,731 is overweight or obese. 102 00:05:37,204 --> 00:05:39,507 - [Dr. Mehmet] An estimated $200 billion cost 103 00:05:39,507 --> 00:05:41,542 to the healthcare industry continues to rise. 104 00:05:41,542 --> 00:05:43,043 - [Gayle King] The search for weight loss 105 00:05:43,043 --> 00:05:45,177 and health may be a little more complex than you think. 106 00:05:45,177 --> 00:05:46,680 - [Peter Jennings] Despite all attempts 107 00:05:46,680 --> 00:05:49,483 to attack the problem, the adult obesity rate increased 108 00:05:49,483 --> 00:05:51,519 in 23 states last year. 109 00:05:58,558 --> 00:06:00,293 - [Cynthia Mcmadden] Why is it that Americans keep 110 00:06:00,293 --> 00:06:03,497 getting fatter in spite of government efforts ranging 111 00:06:03,497 --> 00:06:06,600 from calorie posting to new school lunch program? 112 00:06:08,235 --> 00:06:10,103 - [Gary Taubes] A lot of things with science is about 113 00:06:10,103 --> 00:06:11,370 is seeing whether things 114 00:06:11,370 --> 00:06:13,005 that make sense are really right or not. 115 00:06:13,005 --> 00:06:16,043 In this case, it sounded reasonable but happened 116 00:06:16,043 --> 00:06:16,877 to be wrong. 117 00:06:47,807 --> 00:06:51,444 - I'm not happy about a lot of years of being 118 00:06:51,444 --> 00:06:54,213 at different doctors, and every time 119 00:06:54,213 --> 00:06:56,817 that I'd go in there was just, here's another injection, 120 00:06:56,817 --> 00:06:58,752 here's a different kind of an injectable, 121 00:06:58,752 --> 00:07:01,053 this is the injectable that is supposed 122 00:07:01,053 --> 00:07:03,122 to help you make your own insulin. 123 00:07:03,122 --> 00:07:05,826 The list of side effects were longer than your arm 124 00:07:05,826 --> 00:07:09,463 and it never made you feel better. 125 00:07:09,463 --> 00:07:14,033 And certainly, didn't help at all with weight. 126 00:07:14,033 --> 00:07:16,470 - [Dr. Mark] Judi has struggled with type 2 diabetes most 127 00:07:16,470 --> 00:07:20,139 of her life, so did her dad. 128 00:07:20,139 --> 00:07:22,442 When she was a teenager, he died from complications 129 00:07:22,442 --> 00:07:23,310 of the disease. 130 00:07:24,411 --> 00:07:25,978 Judi's tried for decades 131 00:07:25,978 --> 00:07:28,682 to get her blood sugar under control. 132 00:07:28,682 --> 00:07:30,518 - When I did everything they told me to do, 133 00:07:30,518 --> 00:07:34,286 I'd still gain weight, and so then you just give up. 134 00:07:34,286 --> 00:07:35,387 - [News Anchor] This health epidemic 135 00:07:35,387 --> 00:07:36,389 is weighing on Americans-- 136 00:07:36,389 --> 00:07:37,858 - [Dr. Mark] Judi is not alone. 137 00:07:37,858 --> 00:07:40,393 - [News Anchor] U.S obesity epidemic is only getting worse. 138 00:07:40,393 --> 00:07:43,564 - Americans are not winning their battle over obesity. 139 00:07:43,564 --> 00:07:47,600 - Obesity among children doubled over the past two decades. 140 00:07:47,600 --> 00:07:50,803 - [Dr. Mark] Today, 75% of the country is overweight 141 00:07:50,803 --> 00:07:55,007 or obese, and one in two of us, has pre-diabetes 142 00:07:55,007 --> 00:07:56,543 or type 2 diabetes. 143 00:07:56,543 --> 00:08:01,348 - Type 2 diabetes is crushing us financially, crushing us. 144 00:08:01,348 --> 00:08:03,817 - It currently costs a person with diabetes 145 00:08:03,817 --> 00:08:08,788 in America $900 a month for insulin. 146 00:08:08,788 --> 00:08:10,923 - Direct cost to our healthcare system 147 00:08:10,923 --> 00:08:13,560 is about a billion dollars a day. 148 00:08:13,560 --> 00:08:16,362 - There isn't enough money in the healthcare system 149 00:08:16,362 --> 00:08:18,197 to be able to afford this. 150 00:08:18,197 --> 00:08:20,600 - The cost in terms of money is huge, 151 00:08:20,600 --> 00:08:22,569 the cost in terms of human suffering 152 00:08:22,569 --> 00:08:25,004 is like 10 times more than that. 153 00:08:29,643 --> 00:08:32,479 - [Dr. Mark] In the space of a single generation, 154 00:08:32,479 --> 00:08:34,748 we've gone from this, to this. 155 00:08:42,789 --> 00:08:47,760 - Watching the footage of the 50th anniversary of Apollo 11, 156 00:08:47,760 --> 00:08:52,032 I was struck by how not fat everyone in the crowd was. 157 00:08:52,032 --> 00:08:54,934 We look like a completely different race of people. 158 00:08:54,934 --> 00:08:58,437 - The heart attacks, the strokes, the cancer, the blindness, 159 00:08:58,437 --> 00:09:00,707 the amputations, all of that, 160 00:09:00,707 --> 00:09:04,945 I think is unnecessary suffering that we're causing people. 161 00:09:06,614 --> 00:09:09,349 - [Dr. Mark] The question is, where did this come from 162 00:09:09,349 --> 00:09:11,250 and why is it occurring? 163 00:09:11,250 --> 00:09:12,485 When I was in medical school, 164 00:09:12,485 --> 00:09:15,755 type 2 diabetes happened only in older adults. 165 00:09:15,755 --> 00:09:18,859 Now we see it in kids as young as age three years old 166 00:09:18,859 --> 00:09:22,162 and the more we try to medicate our way out of the disease, 167 00:09:22,162 --> 00:09:24,163 the worse it seems to get. 168 00:09:24,163 --> 00:09:28,034 - You can't throw drugs at a dietary disease 169 00:09:28,034 --> 00:09:30,470 and expect to make it better, 170 00:09:30,470 --> 00:09:31,938 but that's the medical teaching, 171 00:09:31,938 --> 00:09:35,207 "Hey, you have type 2 diabetes, let me give you some pills." 172 00:09:35,207 --> 00:09:36,844 - The model doesn't work. 173 00:09:36,844 --> 00:09:38,245 We're not making people healthy, 174 00:09:38,245 --> 00:09:40,312 we're just treating disease. 175 00:09:40,312 --> 00:09:42,750 But if you give people good nutrition, 176 00:09:42,750 --> 00:09:44,684 they become very healthy. 177 00:09:44,684 --> 00:09:48,889 - He introduced that keto diet, and six weeks later, 178 00:09:50,057 --> 00:09:53,592 it was like a miracle, no diabetes. 179 00:09:53,592 --> 00:09:57,129 - And it was like magic, and I got off, 180 00:09:57,129 --> 00:09:59,131 completely off of insulin. 181 00:09:59,131 --> 00:10:03,636 - Two years later, I had lost 197 pounds. 182 00:10:04,837 --> 00:10:06,639 - [Dr. Mark] Problem is, we've been confused 183 00:10:06,639 --> 00:10:10,677 and downright brainwashed by decades of nutritional dogma, 184 00:10:10,677 --> 00:10:14,114 the almost religious conviction that fat is bad, 185 00:10:14,114 --> 00:10:16,316 especially saturated animal fats. 186 00:10:16,316 --> 00:10:18,818 - You can lose weight on these animal protein, 187 00:10:18,818 --> 00:10:21,421 atkins type diets but you're mortgaging your health 188 00:10:21,421 --> 00:10:22,923 in the process. 189 00:10:22,923 --> 00:10:27,193 - We still operate under this idea of dogmatic principles. 190 00:10:27,193 --> 00:10:29,261 We've always done it that way, 191 00:10:29,261 --> 00:10:31,398 that's what we've always said, 192 00:10:31,398 --> 00:10:34,701 we're gonna continue to say it and unfortunately, 193 00:10:34,701 --> 00:10:37,570 nothing is holding back progress 194 00:10:37,570 --> 00:10:41,307 in nutrition science like dogma. 195 00:10:41,307 --> 00:10:43,375 - [Dr. Mark] Alternative ideas have been attacked 196 00:10:43,375 --> 00:10:45,044 and physicians labeled as quacks 197 00:10:45,044 --> 00:10:46,813 for ignoring guidelines against fats 198 00:10:46,813 --> 00:10:50,082 and telling patients to cut carbs instead. 199 00:10:50,082 --> 00:10:52,251 In South Africa, Doctor Tim Noakes went 200 00:10:52,251 --> 00:10:53,552 through a four year ordeal 201 00:10:53,552 --> 00:10:55,923 that threatened his medical license 202 00:10:55,923 --> 00:10:57,825 for recommending a low carbohydrate, 203 00:10:57,825 --> 00:10:59,960 high fat diet to a young mother. 204 00:10:59,960 --> 00:11:02,229 - The reason why the low carbohydrate diet 205 00:11:02,229 --> 00:11:04,798 has become demonized is because it works 206 00:11:04,798 --> 00:11:08,235 and it has a huge impact on the financial return 207 00:11:08,235 --> 00:11:09,970 of the medical profession. 208 00:11:09,970 --> 00:11:11,971 - I'm an internal medicine specialist, 209 00:11:11,971 --> 00:11:16,208 I can treat all of the conditions that I used to treat 210 00:11:16,208 --> 00:11:21,213 with medications just by changing the food, it's remarkable. 211 00:11:22,581 --> 00:11:24,616 - It's completely free, there's no special equipment, 212 00:11:24,616 --> 00:11:29,389 there's no special surgeries, it's completely natural 213 00:11:29,389 --> 00:11:32,024 and it's been used for thousands of years. 214 00:11:32,024 --> 00:11:34,126 - I can treat not only obesity, 215 00:11:34,126 --> 00:11:38,230 but I can treat type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, 216 00:11:38,230 --> 00:11:40,900 in fact, I have to take away medications 217 00:11:40,900 --> 00:11:43,003 from people as they get better. 218 00:11:43,003 --> 00:11:46,105 - This is as big as the discovery of insulin or antibiotics, 219 00:11:46,105 --> 00:11:47,740 it clearly is. 220 00:11:47,740 --> 00:11:51,778 - My interpretation is that low-fat diets can work 221 00:11:51,778 --> 00:11:54,713 but low-carb diets work better 222 00:11:54,713 --> 00:11:56,316 and that's what the science says. 223 00:12:00,653 --> 00:12:02,422 - [Dr. Mark] Nick Brown is a pretty typical American 224 00:12:02,422 --> 00:12:03,923 when it comes to his diet. 225 00:12:03,923 --> 00:12:05,158 - Hey, how you doing? 226 00:12:05,158 --> 00:12:06,058 - [Dr. Mark] He eats a variety of protein, 227 00:12:06,058 --> 00:12:07,559 vegetables and grains. 228 00:12:07,559 --> 00:12:10,330 He enjoys beer now and then, and one of his favorite foods, 229 00:12:10,330 --> 00:12:11,163 - Thanks, sir. 230 00:12:11,163 --> 00:12:12,432 Have a good day. 231 00:12:12,432 --> 00:12:13,432 - [Dr. Mark] Is pizza. 232 00:12:13,432 --> 00:12:14,967 - Looking forward to pizza. 233 00:12:14,967 --> 00:12:18,071 - Maybe, if it ruins pizza for me, I'm gonna be pissed off. 234 00:12:19,873 --> 00:12:21,307 - [Dr. Mark] Nick is participating 235 00:12:21,307 --> 00:12:23,743 in a unique nutrition experiment along with Tracy. 236 00:12:23,743 --> 00:12:25,312 - [Tracy] Yeah, I've got a plan for the week. 237 00:12:25,312 --> 00:12:26,145 - [Dr. Mark] And Cynthia. 238 00:12:26,145 --> 00:12:27,080 - Thank you. 239 00:12:27,080 --> 00:12:28,447 - [Waiter] You're welcome. 240 00:12:28,447 --> 00:12:29,917 - [Dr. Mark] Three metabolically healthy people 241 00:12:29,917 --> 00:12:32,719 who take no medications, trying two different diets, 242 00:12:32,719 --> 00:12:35,754 low-carb versus low-fat. 243 00:12:35,754 --> 00:12:39,125 - Quite a few new recipes, so I was curious about using 244 00:12:39,125 --> 00:12:40,092 the right thing. 245 00:12:41,528 --> 00:12:45,764 - [Dr. Mark] Before, during and after the experiment, 246 00:12:45,764 --> 00:12:49,036 they each weigh in, check their blood pressure, 247 00:12:49,036 --> 00:12:51,303 blood sugar, and cholesterol. 248 00:12:51,303 --> 00:12:52,705 - It's a little bit of alcohol-- 249 00:12:52,705 --> 00:12:53,673 - [Dr. Mark] Throughout the experiment, 250 00:12:53,673 --> 00:12:55,207 we'll track their blood sugar. 251 00:12:55,207 --> 00:12:56,043 - Are you ready? 252 00:12:56,043 --> 00:12:57,277 - [Nick] Sure. 253 00:12:57,277 --> 00:12:58,711 - [Dr. Michelle] Okay, here it comes. 254 00:12:58,711 --> 00:13:00,679 - [Dr. Mark] Using a continuous glucose monitor or CGM. 255 00:13:00,679 --> 00:13:01,581 - [Dr. Michelle] Does it bother you? 256 00:13:01,581 --> 00:13:02,414 - [Nick] No. 257 00:13:02,414 --> 00:13:03,884 - [Dr. Michelle] Okay. 258 00:13:03,884 --> 00:13:07,553 - You just hit, Check Glucose and it says, ready to scan 259 00:13:07,553 --> 00:13:10,722 and you just take it here, and there it is, 260 00:13:10,722 --> 00:13:12,792 it's 94, right now. 261 00:13:12,792 --> 00:13:14,861 - [Dr. Mark] The first week, we put them on a low-carb, 262 00:13:14,861 --> 00:13:17,197 ketogenic diet with less than 20 grams 263 00:13:17,197 --> 00:13:21,000 of carbohydrates per day, plenty of healthy fats 264 00:13:22,369 --> 00:13:24,370 and a moderate amount of protein, 265 00:13:24,370 --> 00:13:27,340 a diet designed to keep blood sugars low 266 00:13:27,340 --> 00:13:30,309 but an eating pattern that is not allowed 267 00:13:30,309 --> 00:13:32,445 by the U.S. Dietary Guidelines. 268 00:13:34,514 --> 00:13:36,383 The second week, we switched them 269 00:13:36,383 --> 00:13:39,119 to the USDA MyPlate meal plan. 270 00:13:39,119 --> 00:13:42,254 It's a 2000 calorie a day, government endorsed, 271 00:13:42,254 --> 00:13:45,091 low-fat plan, featuring whole grains, 272 00:13:45,091 --> 00:13:47,126 lean meats and vegetable oils. 273 00:13:47,126 --> 00:13:50,330 And more than half the day's calories as carbohydrates. 274 00:13:51,764 --> 00:13:55,668 - [Dr. Mark] Week one, is the low-carb, high-fat diet. 275 00:13:55,668 --> 00:13:57,104 - [Nick] And then they'll keep this going, 276 00:13:57,104 --> 00:13:58,705 this is almost ready. 277 00:13:58,705 --> 00:14:00,139 I'm excited about it. 278 00:14:00,139 --> 00:14:02,841 I'm excited to try the recipes and excited to see just 279 00:14:02,841 --> 00:14:05,278 what a full week of doing this does. 280 00:14:05,278 --> 00:14:09,249 - I'm grateful to be doing it, it's very fascinating to me. 281 00:14:09,249 --> 00:14:11,250 - [Dr. Mark] The keto recipes are full of healthy, 282 00:14:11,250 --> 00:14:15,221 natural fats like eggs, butter, avocado, olive oil, nuts 283 00:14:15,221 --> 00:14:18,057 and seeds and even grass-fed beef. 284 00:14:18,057 --> 00:14:21,494 - I love new recipes, so this is really good, interesting. 285 00:14:21,494 --> 00:14:23,029 - So these are buttered eggs 286 00:14:23,029 --> 00:14:25,764 and that's what they're called in the recipe. 287 00:14:25,764 --> 00:14:27,600 You actually make them with butter. 288 00:14:27,600 --> 00:14:30,802 I use the grass fed butter and then I just decided 289 00:14:30,802 --> 00:14:33,440 to add a little bit of avocado, and some tomatoes, 290 00:14:33,440 --> 00:14:34,807 and salt and pepper, and that's it. 291 00:14:34,807 --> 00:14:36,743 Super simple, super easy. 292 00:14:37,876 --> 00:14:42,514 - I am making a keto zucchini boats. 293 00:14:42,514 --> 00:14:44,750 You take out the middle of the zucchini, 294 00:14:44,750 --> 00:14:49,221 cook it up with some onion, spinach, I put in some olives, 295 00:14:49,221 --> 00:14:52,392 olive oil, and then just let that saute for a little bit. 296 00:14:52,392 --> 00:14:53,927 - I think it's working for my body. 297 00:14:53,927 --> 00:14:56,663 I'm curious to see what it does through the whole week. 298 00:15:00,399 --> 00:15:01,969 - These are really good. 299 00:15:01,969 --> 00:15:04,270 - [Dr. Mark] By adding healthy fats into every meal 300 00:15:04,270 --> 00:15:06,239 and cutting out processed carbs, 301 00:15:06,239 --> 00:15:10,076 the three experience a sense of fullness that lasts. 302 00:15:10,076 --> 00:15:14,114 - To be honest, I've really not been famished. 303 00:15:14,114 --> 00:15:17,484 - So, this is day three of the strict keto diet. 304 00:15:17,484 --> 00:15:19,885 I am literally down three and a half pounds 305 00:15:19,885 --> 00:15:21,354 from when this started. 306 00:15:21,354 --> 00:15:23,923 I'm surprised by that, I feel great, 307 00:15:23,923 --> 00:15:25,392 I went mountain biking last night, 308 00:15:25,392 --> 00:15:29,028 and had a lot of energy and I don't feel hungry. 309 00:15:29,028 --> 00:15:30,963 - I still feel full and that was after three 310 00:15:30,963 --> 00:15:32,231 and a half hours. 311 00:15:32,231 --> 00:15:33,466 And usually at that time, yeah, the two, 312 00:15:33,466 --> 00:15:35,434 two and a half hours, I'm hungry, usually. 313 00:15:36,903 --> 00:15:39,605 - One way to think of carbs is they are like kindling 314 00:15:39,605 --> 00:15:43,475 on a fire, they burn quickly and then go out, 315 00:15:43,475 --> 00:15:46,778 dropping your blood sugar and creating severe cravings, 316 00:15:46,778 --> 00:15:50,116 the physical signal that your body needs more fuel. 317 00:15:50,116 --> 00:15:51,518 To keep your metabolism burning, 318 00:15:51,518 --> 00:15:54,620 you must constantly eat more and then you crash, 319 00:15:54,620 --> 00:15:57,124 and then eat more and then you crash. 320 00:15:57,124 --> 00:16:00,893 See how carbs like bread, pasta, rice, and yes, 321 00:16:00,893 --> 00:16:04,331 even whole grains, affect your blood sugar. 322 00:16:04,331 --> 00:16:06,832 Protein has a much lower response, 323 00:16:06,832 --> 00:16:09,936 it will raise blood sugar a small amount, and fat, 324 00:16:09,936 --> 00:16:11,403 take a look at fat. 325 00:16:11,403 --> 00:16:14,307 Almost no rise in blood sugar at all. 326 00:16:15,741 --> 00:16:19,046 When you eat fat, it's like putting logs on the fire. 327 00:16:19,046 --> 00:16:23,515 What you get is just a long steady source of fuel. 328 00:16:25,018 --> 00:16:27,553 - And that's one of the reasons that I like low-carb diets 329 00:16:27,553 --> 00:16:30,389 so much, because they don't require as much willpower. 330 00:16:30,389 --> 00:16:33,225 Because if your hormones, your insulin isn't going up 331 00:16:33,225 --> 00:16:35,128 to the sky every time that you eat 332 00:16:35,128 --> 00:16:38,565 and then crashing down making you crave a bagel 333 00:16:38,565 --> 00:16:40,200 or a donut or something from a snack, 334 00:16:40,200 --> 00:16:43,135 if that's not happening in your physiology all the time, 335 00:16:43,135 --> 00:16:47,407 it's much easier to not overeat. 336 00:16:47,407 --> 00:16:52,412 - Day six lunchtime, leftover Italian cabbage stir fry 337 00:16:53,279 --> 00:16:55,014 with a blop of sour cream. 338 00:16:56,448 --> 00:17:00,919 I'm still not quite hungry but it's time for lunch. 339 00:17:00,919 --> 00:17:02,154 - You know, what's really great about 340 00:17:02,154 --> 00:17:04,257 this is it's so easy to test your glucose. 341 00:17:04,257 --> 00:17:07,259 - The sensor is here, and then on my phone, 342 00:17:07,259 --> 00:17:10,163 I go on the app that connects to it. 343 00:17:10,163 --> 00:17:13,732 - And you just put it up and it grabs it. 344 00:17:13,732 --> 00:17:16,035 - And it went doo bloop, and then you have it. 345 00:17:17,036 --> 00:17:18,238 - Pretty cool. 346 00:17:18,238 --> 00:17:20,339 - It's really cool (laughs). 347 00:17:20,339 --> 00:17:22,308 - [Dr. Mark] All week on the low-carb, high-fat diet, 348 00:17:22,308 --> 00:17:25,412 their blood sugars are virtual straight lines 349 00:17:25,412 --> 00:17:27,180 with no spikes or dips. 350 00:17:27,180 --> 00:17:29,749 - It's been steady, it's been, typically, 351 00:17:30,849 --> 00:17:32,984 at the 85 to 90 range. 352 00:17:32,984 --> 00:17:35,288 And I just ate and that's 83, 353 00:17:35,288 --> 00:17:36,655 I just tried it a few minutes ago 354 00:17:36,655 --> 00:17:38,625 and it's already gone down six points. 355 00:17:38,625 --> 00:17:41,228 - I kind of wanna just keep it on all the time 356 00:17:41,228 --> 00:17:42,595 'cause, it's so interesting to see 357 00:17:42,595 --> 00:17:43,930 what you're doing all day. 358 00:17:43,930 --> 00:17:45,464 - [Dr. Mark] By the end of the week, 359 00:17:45,464 --> 00:17:48,468 all three participants have lost weight and feel great. 360 00:17:48,468 --> 00:17:49,301 - How'd your week go? 361 00:17:49,301 --> 00:17:50,502 - Very well, thanks. 362 00:17:50,502 --> 00:17:52,003 - Good. 363 00:17:52,003 --> 00:17:54,906 - You have lost about two and half pounds of fat. 364 00:17:54,906 --> 00:17:56,675 - And how were your blood sugars? 365 00:17:56,675 --> 00:17:58,211 - Very, very even. 366 00:17:58,211 --> 00:18:00,480 - And look, your lean tissue, not only has it not gone down, 367 00:18:00,480 --> 00:18:02,249 it's actually gone up a little bit. 368 00:18:02,249 --> 00:18:06,419 Boy, you're really even, not a lot of variation at all. 369 00:18:06,419 --> 00:18:07,886 - I had always a full feeling, 370 00:18:07,886 --> 00:18:10,957 so I'm wondering if I ate too much maybe, I don't know. 371 00:18:10,957 --> 00:18:14,461 - Well, you'll feel a lot more full with fat and protein, 372 00:18:14,461 --> 00:18:16,429 and less carbohydrate, for sure. 373 00:18:16,429 --> 00:18:19,598 - [Dr. Mark] Next week, we'll flip from low-carb to low-fat 374 00:18:19,598 --> 00:18:22,234 and follow the U.S. Dietary Guidelines. 375 00:18:22,234 --> 00:18:23,970 - I'm really curious to see what happens this week. 376 00:18:23,970 --> 00:18:25,438 - Yeah, me too. 377 00:18:25,438 --> 00:18:26,972 - I'm a little scared about what's gonna happen. 378 00:18:29,276 --> 00:18:31,377 - [Dr. Mark] So how is it possible we got the story 379 00:18:31,377 --> 00:18:33,613 so wrong about fats? 380 00:18:33,613 --> 00:18:35,714 There were religious objections to eating meat 381 00:18:35,714 --> 00:18:38,984 as early as the 1800s that influenced American opinions, 382 00:18:38,984 --> 00:18:42,322 but a major turning point was in 1955, 383 00:18:42,322 --> 00:18:44,856 when a presidential health scare shocked the nation. 384 00:18:44,856 --> 00:18:46,992 - [Narrator] News of President Eisenhower's 385 00:18:46,992 --> 00:18:48,961 sudden illness, described by his doctors 386 00:18:48,961 --> 00:18:52,898 as coronary thrombosis, came as a severe shock to us all. 387 00:18:52,898 --> 00:18:55,667 - President Eisenhower in 1955 had a heart attack. 388 00:18:55,667 --> 00:18:58,637 He was out of the oval office for 10 whole days, 389 00:18:58,637 --> 00:19:00,772 and that really focused the attention 390 00:19:00,772 --> 00:19:03,309 of the nation on this problem of heart disease. 391 00:19:03,309 --> 00:19:04,943 - [Narrator] Cardiovascular ailments continue 392 00:19:04,943 --> 00:19:08,079 to take an increasingly heavy toll of American lives, 393 00:19:08,079 --> 00:19:09,249 a million this year. 394 00:19:09,249 --> 00:19:10,717 - The nation was really in shock 395 00:19:10,717 --> 00:19:13,920 and there was a desperate need for explanations. 396 00:19:13,920 --> 00:19:16,021 - And people were like, whoa, what's causing all 397 00:19:16,021 --> 00:19:17,257 the heart disease? 398 00:19:17,257 --> 00:19:18,657 - [Narrator] Here are vital statistics, 399 00:19:18,657 --> 00:19:21,193 they show that the problem here in America 400 00:19:21,193 --> 00:19:22,662 is the worst in the world. 401 00:19:22,662 --> 00:19:24,163 - [Nina] There were a number of ideas about it, 402 00:19:24,163 --> 00:19:26,298 one was that it was vitamin deficiency, 403 00:19:26,298 --> 00:19:28,768 another was that it was the rising tide of auto exhaust, 404 00:19:28,768 --> 00:19:30,269 more cars on the road. 405 00:19:30,269 --> 00:19:33,705 - Of 10 men, we can expect five to get it, 406 00:19:37,676 --> 00:19:42,080 but we can't say who or when or why. 407 00:19:42,080 --> 00:19:43,682 - Now, you can look back now and say, 408 00:19:43,682 --> 00:19:45,617 well, that's pretty easy to understand, 409 00:19:47,185 --> 00:19:48,320 everybody was smoking. 410 00:19:49,221 --> 00:19:50,222 - Raleigh? 411 00:19:50,222 --> 00:19:51,290 - Oh, no thanks! 412 00:19:52,424 --> 00:19:53,925 I have a pack. 413 00:19:53,925 --> 00:19:57,564 - More doctors smoke Camels than any other cigarette. 414 00:19:57,564 --> 00:20:00,666 - [Dr. Mark] The 1950s and 60s, cigarettes were in. 415 00:20:00,666 --> 00:20:03,670 * Sparks cigarettes are cooler than cool * 416 00:20:03,670 --> 00:20:06,705 * Smoke Spark cigarette as the mouth happy * 417 00:20:06,705 --> 00:20:08,340 - Here have a Viceroy. 418 00:20:08,340 --> 00:20:12,144 - [Dr. Mark] Eisenhower, himself, smoked four packs a day. 419 00:20:12,144 --> 00:20:13,413 - What do you think? 420 00:20:13,413 --> 00:20:15,714 - This is what I was really looking for. 421 00:20:15,714 --> 00:20:17,750 - [Dr. Mark] If you look at the trends for cigarette smoking 422 00:20:17,750 --> 00:20:21,721 against the increases in heart disease, they track together. 423 00:20:21,721 --> 00:20:23,490 But at the same time, the consumption 424 00:20:23,490 --> 00:20:26,526 of saturated fat was falling, dramatically. 425 00:20:26,526 --> 00:20:27,759 - Everybody was smoking, 426 00:20:27,759 --> 00:20:29,961 now we know smoking causes heart disease, 427 00:20:29,961 --> 00:20:34,133 or contributes to heart disease, but at the time, of course, 428 00:20:34,133 --> 00:20:37,769 the tobacco companies were like, no, no, no, no, no, no, 429 00:20:37,769 --> 00:20:40,406 tobacco smoking, it doesn't cause heart disease. 430 00:20:40,406 --> 00:20:42,008 So all the scientists were like, hey, 431 00:20:42,008 --> 00:20:44,510 I wonder why we're getting so much heart disease? 432 00:20:44,510 --> 00:20:46,112 - There was one theory that was proposed 433 00:20:46,112 --> 00:20:49,181 by Ancel Benjamin Keys, who was a pathologist 434 00:20:49,181 --> 00:20:50,950 at the University of Minnesota and he said 435 00:20:50,950 --> 00:20:52,919 that it was saturated fat and dietary cholesterol 436 00:20:52,919 --> 00:20:54,185 that caused heart disease. 437 00:20:54,185 --> 00:20:57,222 - It's like, okay, but how do people eat butter 438 00:20:57,222 --> 00:21:00,292 for the last two millennia? 439 00:21:00,292 --> 00:21:03,095 And ever since 1970, it causes heart disease. 440 00:21:03,095 --> 00:21:05,698 It's like it didn't cause heart disease before. 441 00:21:05,698 --> 00:21:07,767 - [Dr. Mark] At the same time, consumption of sugar, 442 00:21:07,767 --> 00:21:10,970 refined oils and refined grains were on the rise in America. 443 00:21:10,970 --> 00:21:15,974 But Ancel Keys focused on fat as the cause of heart disease. 444 00:21:17,443 --> 00:21:19,378 - And he thought that total cholesterol in your arteries 445 00:21:19,378 --> 00:21:21,748 would build up and clog your arteries 446 00:21:21,748 --> 00:21:23,148 and give you a heart attack, 447 00:21:23,148 --> 00:21:26,519 like hot oil down a cold stove pipe. 448 00:21:26,519 --> 00:21:30,923 So that was his idea, it was just a simple idea. 449 00:21:30,923 --> 00:21:35,427 - To blame a ancient food for a modern disease 450 00:21:35,427 --> 00:21:38,830 was completely illogical, it didn't make any sense, 451 00:21:38,830 --> 00:21:40,567 but you repeat things enough, 452 00:21:40,567 --> 00:21:43,301 and you get it out there enough, people believe you. 453 00:21:43,301 --> 00:21:45,572 - As American author H.L Mencken once said, 454 00:21:45,572 --> 00:21:48,607 "For every complex problem, there is a solution 455 00:21:48,607 --> 00:21:52,077 "that is simple and clear and wrong." 456 00:21:52,077 --> 00:21:54,346 - It's the biggest scam ever perpetrated 457 00:21:54,346 --> 00:21:57,148 on the American people, this whole notion of cholesterol. 458 00:21:59,685 --> 00:22:02,188 - If you have high cholesterol, you may be at increased risk 459 00:22:02,188 --> 00:22:03,789 of heart attack and stroke. 460 00:22:03,789 --> 00:22:06,792 Don't kid yourself, talk to your doctor about your risk, 461 00:22:06,792 --> 00:22:08,394 and about Lipitor. 462 00:22:08,394 --> 00:22:12,598 - It's eye-wateringly lucrative to keep this idea going 463 00:22:12,598 --> 00:22:14,401 that we need to lower cholesterol. 464 00:22:14,401 --> 00:22:17,236 - Cholesterol has definitely become the boogeyman 465 00:22:17,236 --> 00:22:19,571 of cardiology and here's what's 466 00:22:19,571 --> 00:22:22,375 so interesting about cholesterol, is we need it. 467 00:22:22,375 --> 00:22:25,845 Our bodies cannot exist without cholesterol. 468 00:22:25,845 --> 00:22:27,814 Yet once again, in simplistic thinking, 469 00:22:27,814 --> 00:22:30,182 we try and lump cholesterol in good cholesterol 470 00:22:30,182 --> 00:22:33,519 and bad cholesterol and we wanna lower the bad cholesterol, 471 00:22:33,519 --> 00:22:36,756 the LDL, and raise the good cholesterol, the HDL. 472 00:22:36,756 --> 00:22:38,691 That is incredibly simplistic. 473 00:22:38,691 --> 00:22:43,061 - It turns out that raising your LDL cholesterol 474 00:22:43,061 --> 00:22:46,999 in diet does not translate into heart attacks and death. 475 00:22:48,034 --> 00:22:49,469 It just doesn't. 476 00:22:49,469 --> 00:22:51,738 - When you take cholesterol out of the equation, 477 00:22:51,738 --> 00:22:53,072 you go, let's just see if people 478 00:22:53,072 --> 00:22:55,942 who eat more saturated fat actually die more. 479 00:22:55,942 --> 00:22:57,809 Do they actually get more heart disease? 480 00:22:57,809 --> 00:22:59,010 That's what we care about. 481 00:22:59,010 --> 00:23:00,413 Forget that it raises cholesterol, 482 00:23:00,413 --> 00:23:02,414 we know it raises cholesterol, so let's take that out 483 00:23:02,414 --> 00:23:05,284 of the equation and see what the end result is which is 484 00:23:05,284 --> 00:23:08,820 what we care about and every time they do that, 485 00:23:08,820 --> 00:23:10,656 the relationship dissolves. 486 00:23:10,656 --> 00:23:12,825 There is no relationship between the amount 487 00:23:12,825 --> 00:23:15,862 of fat you eat in your diet and getting heart disease. 488 00:23:17,296 --> 00:23:20,231 - [Dr. Mark] We now know that chronic inflammation caused 489 00:23:20,231 --> 00:23:22,868 by a diet high in sugar, refined grains 490 00:23:22,868 --> 00:23:25,571 and refined vegetable oils is far more dangerous 491 00:23:25,571 --> 00:23:27,073 to our health. 492 00:23:27,073 --> 00:23:28,708 - [Dr. Jason] Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, 493 00:23:28,708 --> 00:23:31,410 it's not a buildup of fat in the artery, 494 00:23:31,410 --> 00:23:33,645 it's actually an inflammation that's causing the problems. 495 00:23:33,645 --> 00:23:36,382 - And the cholesterol then will go to that damage to try 496 00:23:36,382 --> 00:23:38,884 to repair it, but it didn't cause the damage. 497 00:23:38,884 --> 00:23:41,086 The damage has to come first. 498 00:23:41,086 --> 00:23:43,923 It's like saying that firefighters caused the fire 499 00:23:43,923 --> 00:23:46,593 when they just turned up to put the fire out. 500 00:23:46,593 --> 00:23:49,327 It was there by association, but it was there to repair, 501 00:23:49,327 --> 00:23:51,130 not to cause harm. 502 00:23:51,130 --> 00:23:55,233 - Inflammation is probably the number one promoter 503 00:23:55,233 --> 00:23:57,169 of every disease we don't wanna have. 504 00:23:57,169 --> 00:24:00,472 And the number one inflammatory substance 505 00:24:00,472 --> 00:24:03,509 in the American diet is sugar, that's it. 506 00:24:04,676 --> 00:24:06,178 You put those two things together, 507 00:24:06,178 --> 00:24:08,980 inflammation makes everything worse 508 00:24:08,980 --> 00:24:11,416 and sugar is the number one inflammatory substance 509 00:24:11,416 --> 00:24:13,920 that we consume, end of argument. 510 00:24:18,223 --> 00:24:21,126 - [Narrator] In 1951, Ancel and Margaret took 511 00:24:21,126 --> 00:24:24,997 the two oldest children to Oxford for a year's sabbatical. 512 00:24:24,997 --> 00:24:28,334 The couple continued their travels, measuring cholesterols 513 00:24:28,334 --> 00:24:31,269 and conducting diet surveys in several European 514 00:24:31,269 --> 00:24:32,939 and African countries. 515 00:24:32,939 --> 00:24:35,473 - There was a study that he presented 516 00:24:35,473 --> 00:24:38,443 at the Mount Sinai Hospital in 1953 517 00:24:38,443 --> 00:24:41,047 and it was the six countries graph. 518 00:24:41,047 --> 00:24:44,016 - [Dr. Andrew] He specifically looked at six countries 519 00:24:44,016 --> 00:24:47,519 around the world and on the x-axis he plotted fat intake, 520 00:24:47,519 --> 00:24:50,256 and on the y-axis coronary heart disease rates, 521 00:24:50,256 --> 00:24:52,659 and he found a straight line relationship. 522 00:24:52,659 --> 00:24:54,359 - And he offered that as proof 523 00:24:54,359 --> 00:24:56,663 that there was a linear relationship 524 00:24:56,663 --> 00:24:59,330 between how much saturated fat people consumed 525 00:24:59,330 --> 00:25:00,967 and how much heart disease they had. 526 00:25:00,967 --> 00:25:04,537 - But he chose six countries for that perfect correlation 527 00:25:04,537 --> 00:25:08,875 and at the time, there was data available for 22 countries. 528 00:25:08,875 --> 00:25:10,308 - [Dr. Zoe] And when you put in all of those countries, 529 00:25:10,308 --> 00:25:11,943 it just looked like a scatter plot. 530 00:25:11,943 --> 00:25:14,445 - The trendline is nowhere near as clear-cut. 531 00:25:14,445 --> 00:25:16,015 - There was no clear relationship. 532 00:25:16,015 --> 00:25:18,585 - No correlation between fat and heart disease. 533 00:25:18,585 --> 00:25:21,921 He was criticized at the time by a statisticians who said, 534 00:25:21,921 --> 00:25:23,823 "You're obviously cherry picking your data." 535 00:25:23,823 --> 00:25:27,192 - He knows it's a hypothesis, he knows he doesn't have 536 00:25:27,192 --> 00:25:29,961 the evidence and he immediately starts recommending 537 00:25:29,961 --> 00:25:32,932 the country go on a low-fat diet, which is fascinating 538 00:25:32,932 --> 00:25:36,702 because there is no concern that you're gonna do harm, 539 00:25:36,702 --> 00:25:41,539 there's no the Hippocratic Oath, "First, do no harm." 540 00:25:41,539 --> 00:25:43,675 - [Dr. Mark] To spite his critics, Keys was determined 541 00:25:43,675 --> 00:25:45,477 to prove himself right. 542 00:25:45,477 --> 00:25:48,047 He followed up with his famous Seven Countries Study 543 00:25:48,047 --> 00:25:50,548 where he traveled to the countries cherry-picked 544 00:25:50,548 --> 00:25:52,951 from his graph and studied eating habits 545 00:25:52,951 --> 00:25:55,487 and heart disease among the people there. 546 00:25:55,487 --> 00:25:59,357 - For his Seven Country Study, he repeated the same mistake, 547 00:25:59,357 --> 00:26:00,893 he cherry-picked his countries. 548 00:26:00,893 --> 00:26:02,694 - I think he did cherry-pick countries 549 00:26:02,694 --> 00:26:04,063 for the Seven Countries Study. 550 00:26:04,063 --> 00:26:06,932 He knew from the six countries graph the countries 551 00:26:06,932 --> 00:26:08,934 that would be on that straight line, so he knew, 552 00:26:08,934 --> 00:26:11,269 for example, that Italy would be a sure thing 553 00:26:11,269 --> 00:26:12,904 and America would be a sure thing. 554 00:26:12,904 --> 00:26:15,674 They would quite nicely anchor some of the ends 555 00:26:15,674 --> 00:26:17,108 of the graph. 556 00:26:17,108 --> 00:26:19,645 - But he did not go to countries like Switzerland, France, 557 00:26:19,645 --> 00:26:22,682 Germany, who ate a lot of saturated fats, 558 00:26:22,682 --> 00:26:25,050 and also had very low rates of heart disease. 559 00:26:27,053 --> 00:26:31,589 - The French were eating all kinds of saturated fat, 560 00:26:31,589 --> 00:26:34,993 butter, cream, and they weren't gaining weight, 561 00:26:34,993 --> 00:26:36,996 which was his paradox at the time, 562 00:26:36,996 --> 00:26:38,263 and they weren't getting heart disease, 563 00:26:38,263 --> 00:26:40,332 they had like half the rate of heart disease 564 00:26:40,332 --> 00:26:42,101 compared to Americans. 565 00:26:42,101 --> 00:26:44,603 Everybody said, "Well, what a paradox, what a paradox." 566 00:26:44,603 --> 00:26:48,039 There was no paradox, the dietary fat simply 567 00:26:48,039 --> 00:26:50,608 wasn't causing obesity, and it didn't cause heart disease. 568 00:26:50,608 --> 00:26:53,112 - So he's a very respected physiologist 569 00:26:53,112 --> 00:26:54,346 and it's worth mentioning, by the way, 570 00:26:54,346 --> 00:26:57,849 that Eisenhower followed the Ancel Keys advice 571 00:26:57,849 --> 00:27:01,420 and cut out all saturated fat and all cholesterol up 572 00:27:01,420 --> 00:27:03,955 until the day he died in 1969 of heart disease, 573 00:27:03,955 --> 00:27:05,457 just worth mentioning. 574 00:27:05,457 --> 00:27:07,993 - [Dr. Mark] Ancel Keys diet heart hypothesis remains 575 00:27:07,993 --> 00:27:10,863 the single most influential theory in history 576 00:27:10,863 --> 00:27:12,699 of nutrition science. 577 00:27:12,699 --> 00:27:16,067 And here's an interesting point, over the past 50 years, 578 00:27:16,067 --> 00:27:19,038 taxpayers have funded several billion of dollars 579 00:27:19,038 --> 00:27:21,973 of research trying to prove saturated fat 580 00:27:21,973 --> 00:27:24,777 causes heart disease, but guess what? 581 00:27:24,777 --> 00:27:26,846 It's never been proven. 582 00:27:26,846 --> 00:27:29,181 To this day, the diet heart hypothesis 583 00:27:29,181 --> 00:27:31,951 remains an hypothesis. 584 00:27:31,951 --> 00:27:34,753 - [Dr. Zoe] There is no evidence against saturated fat, 585 00:27:34,753 --> 00:27:36,154 there just isn't. 586 00:27:39,692 --> 00:27:42,394 - [Dr. Mark] Dr. Zoe Harcombe, is an obesity researcher 587 00:27:42,394 --> 00:27:45,431 who wrote her thesis on the lack of evidence behind 588 00:27:45,431 --> 00:27:47,098 the dietary guidelines. 589 00:27:47,098 --> 00:27:49,434 - My thesis was born out of trying to understand 590 00:27:49,434 --> 00:27:51,938 why we have an obesity epidemic. 591 00:27:51,938 --> 00:27:53,905 - [Dr. Mark] Zoe collected all the raw data 592 00:27:53,905 --> 00:27:57,809 from randomized controlled clinical trials conducted prior 593 00:27:57,809 --> 00:28:00,246 to the release of the dietary guidelines. 594 00:28:00,246 --> 00:28:02,580 She then she re-analyzed all the results 595 00:28:02,580 --> 00:28:05,050 in a process called a meta-analysis. 596 00:28:05,050 --> 00:28:08,988 - It was looking at the absolute totality of the evidence, 597 00:28:08,988 --> 00:28:12,557 no cherry-picking whatsoever, no study left out. 598 00:28:12,557 --> 00:28:14,460 So there's the Rose Corn Oil Trial, 599 00:28:14,460 --> 00:28:16,394 there's the Research Committee Low-Fat Diet, 600 00:28:16,394 --> 00:28:18,130 there's the MRC Soybean Study, 601 00:28:18,130 --> 00:28:20,598 there's the LA Veterans Dayton Study, 602 00:28:20,598 --> 00:28:23,068 there's Leren Oslo Study. 603 00:28:23,068 --> 00:28:24,836 - [Dr. Mark] When she examined the results to see 604 00:28:24,836 --> 00:28:26,939 which group suffered more deaths, 605 00:28:26,939 --> 00:28:28,673 there was no difference at all. 606 00:28:28,673 --> 00:28:32,310 There was no health benefit for the groups assigned 607 00:28:32,310 --> 00:28:34,046 to eat a low-fat diet. 608 00:28:34,046 --> 00:28:36,347 - I was astonished to find that there simply 609 00:28:36,347 --> 00:28:38,049 was no evidence. 610 00:28:38,049 --> 00:28:41,988 - Real food fats are not dangerous, they are not the enemy. 611 00:28:41,988 --> 00:28:45,557 It's too simplistic and reductionist to say saturated fat 612 00:28:45,557 --> 00:28:47,259 is dangerous and needs to be avoided 613 00:28:47,259 --> 00:28:49,694 and the evidence does not support that. 614 00:28:49,694 --> 00:28:52,330 - So how then, without the hard science to back it up, 615 00:28:52,330 --> 00:28:55,467 did the diet-heart hypothesis become the foundation 616 00:28:55,467 --> 00:28:58,003 of our nation's dietary guidelines? 617 00:28:58,003 --> 00:29:00,071 Well, it had one big thing going for it, 618 00:29:00,071 --> 00:29:02,273 Ancel Benjamin Keys. 619 00:29:02,273 --> 00:29:05,743 - He had just a very outsized personality, 620 00:29:05,743 --> 00:29:08,446 colleagues of his told me he could just argue anyone 621 00:29:08,446 --> 00:29:09,949 to the death. 622 00:29:09,949 --> 00:29:13,318 And he was able to get into the American Heart Association 623 00:29:13,318 --> 00:29:14,953 on the Nutrition Committee. 624 00:29:14,953 --> 00:29:18,057 And in 1961, the Heart Association comes out 625 00:29:18,057 --> 00:29:20,792 with the first advice anywhere in the world telling people 626 00:29:20,792 --> 00:29:23,162 to cut back on saturated fat and cholesterol 627 00:29:23,162 --> 00:29:24,997 in order to prevent a heart attack. 628 00:29:27,098 --> 00:29:28,700 - [Dr. Mark] Up until the 1960s, 629 00:29:28,700 --> 00:29:30,501 Americans consumed almost half 630 00:29:30,501 --> 00:29:32,703 of their daily calories as fat. 631 00:29:32,703 --> 00:29:35,807 We ate butter without guilt, bacon and eggs for breakfast 632 00:29:35,807 --> 00:29:37,375 and roasts for dinner. 633 00:29:37,375 --> 00:29:40,846 Exercise gyms were barely a thought and still, 634 00:29:40,846 --> 00:29:42,614 we were relatively slim. 635 00:29:42,614 --> 00:29:44,817 - Conventional wisdom until the 1960s 636 00:29:44,817 --> 00:29:46,585 was carbohydrates were fattening, 637 00:29:46,585 --> 00:29:48,019 that's the weird thing about it. 638 00:29:48,019 --> 00:29:52,223 So you talk about bread, pasta, potatoes, rice, sweets, 639 00:29:52,223 --> 00:29:53,659 going directly to your hips. 640 00:29:53,659 --> 00:29:58,130 It was what my mothers generation believed growing up. 641 00:29:58,130 --> 00:30:00,967 - [Narrator] The diet used in this study is satisfying 642 00:30:00,967 --> 00:30:04,403 to the appetite because of the use of more protein and fat. 643 00:30:04,403 --> 00:30:06,905 - And then in the 1960s, we come along with this idea 644 00:30:06,905 --> 00:30:09,740 that dietary fat causes heart disease. 645 00:30:09,740 --> 00:30:14,046 In 20 years, from the 1960s to the mid-1980s, 646 00:30:14,046 --> 00:30:17,048 the carbohydrate went from fattening 647 00:30:17,048 --> 00:30:19,351 to a heart-healthy diet food. 648 00:30:19,351 --> 00:30:21,953 - [Dr. Mark] The low-fat diet fad had taken hold 649 00:30:21,953 --> 00:30:24,022 and Keys rose to prominence 650 00:30:24,022 --> 00:30:25,691 within the American Heart Association 651 00:30:25,691 --> 00:30:28,426 and at the National Institutes of Health. 652 00:30:28,426 --> 00:30:31,329 - If you only lived in America, you'd think this controversy 653 00:30:31,329 --> 00:30:34,933 was pretty settled, that obviously saturated fat 654 00:30:34,933 --> 00:30:37,368 causes heart disease, 'cause it raises cholesterol 655 00:30:37,368 --> 00:30:39,305 and we all know cholesterol clogs the arteries. 656 00:30:39,305 --> 00:30:44,276 But there was a alternative hypothesis going on across 657 00:30:45,044 --> 00:30:46,979 the pond in England. 658 00:30:46,979 --> 00:30:50,148 - There was always this competing theory that it was sugar 659 00:30:50,148 --> 00:30:52,384 and not fat that might cause heart disease, 660 00:30:52,384 --> 00:30:55,686 and the leading proponent of that was John Yudkin 661 00:30:55,686 --> 00:30:57,722 and he published about that. 662 00:30:57,722 --> 00:31:01,426 And I think this is an extraordinary example 663 00:31:01,426 --> 00:31:05,763 of how nutrition science did or did not really work 664 00:31:05,763 --> 00:31:07,967 in America because rather than say, 665 00:31:07,967 --> 00:31:09,500 oh, this is an interesting competing theory, 666 00:31:09,500 --> 00:31:10,769 let's explore that. 667 00:31:10,769 --> 00:31:13,105 Maybe they're right, maybe we're wrong. 668 00:31:13,105 --> 00:31:16,909 Their reaction instead was to just bully him, 669 00:31:16,909 --> 00:31:18,509 really bully him out of the field. 670 00:31:18,509 --> 00:31:21,712 - And Ancel Keys literally destroyed his reputation. 671 00:31:21,712 --> 00:31:23,515 He went after him, he did everything 672 00:31:23,515 --> 00:31:26,551 but call his mother names. 673 00:31:26,551 --> 00:31:29,587 - And I think Ancel Keys knew that this hypothesis competed 674 00:31:29,587 --> 00:31:33,491 with his own, and he did not want that to succeed. 675 00:31:33,491 --> 00:31:36,228 He wanted his hypothesis to be successful. 676 00:31:36,228 --> 00:31:39,597 - Not surprisingly, the sugar industry also preferred 677 00:31:39,597 --> 00:31:42,667 to point the finger at saturated fat. 678 00:31:42,667 --> 00:31:45,671 Recently discovered documents reveal that in 1965, 679 00:31:45,671 --> 00:31:48,740 the sugar industry paid prominent Harvard researchers 680 00:31:48,740 --> 00:31:50,476 to do just that. 681 00:31:50,476 --> 00:31:54,246 And they were very specifically paid $50,000, 682 00:31:54,246 --> 00:31:57,983 in today's dollars, to produce two articles 683 00:31:57,983 --> 00:32:02,288 that exonerated sugar and fingered saturated fat 684 00:32:02,288 --> 00:32:05,656 as the cause of cardiovascular disease. 685 00:32:05,656 --> 00:32:08,294 We know that because we have the paper trail. 686 00:32:08,294 --> 00:32:12,097 We have their names on the documents. 687 00:32:12,097 --> 00:32:14,700 - This is unconscionable. 688 00:32:14,700 --> 00:32:16,301 - The sugar industry's job was 689 00:32:16,301 --> 00:32:20,506 to get the nutrition community to say publicly 690 00:32:20,506 --> 00:32:23,142 what they believed to be true, which was dietary fat was 691 00:32:23,142 --> 00:32:26,577 the problem, not sugar and they paid researchers to do that 692 00:32:26,577 --> 00:32:28,480 and they were very successful with getting 693 00:32:28,480 --> 00:32:30,115 that message across. 694 00:32:30,115 --> 00:32:33,152 - [Dr. Mark] In 1977, a Senate Select Committee headed up 695 00:32:33,152 --> 00:32:37,722 by Senator George Mcgovern, helped seal fat's fate. 696 00:32:37,722 --> 00:32:40,858 Over the objection of scientists who pleaded against it, 697 00:32:40,858 --> 00:32:43,194 and with no hard evidence to back it up, 698 00:32:43,194 --> 00:32:47,066 the committee recommended the low-fat diet to the nation. 699 00:32:47,066 --> 00:32:48,599 - [Dr. Robert] I have pleaded in my report 700 00:32:48,599 --> 00:32:51,603 and I will plead again orally here for more research 701 00:32:51,603 --> 00:32:53,404 on the problem before we make announcements 702 00:32:53,404 --> 00:32:55,074 to the American public. 703 00:32:55,074 --> 00:32:57,709 - [Senator George] I would only argue that senators don't 704 00:32:57,709 --> 00:33:00,445 have the luxury that a research scientist does, 705 00:33:00,445 --> 00:33:04,915 of waiting until every last shred of evidence is in. 706 00:33:04,915 --> 00:33:07,818 - Mcgovern just wanted to make the statement and he said, 707 00:33:07,818 --> 00:33:10,321 "We haven't got time to wait for the evidence." 708 00:33:10,321 --> 00:33:12,290 - They recognized the science is unsettled 709 00:33:12,290 --> 00:33:13,791 and then the counterargument is, 710 00:33:13,791 --> 00:33:16,028 but we cannot afford to wait. 711 00:33:16,028 --> 00:33:18,896 - And so they went without any evidence, 712 00:33:18,896 --> 00:33:21,532 and despite the fact that many people had warned 713 00:33:21,532 --> 00:33:24,502 that this is gonna cause an obesity, diabetes epidemic. 714 00:33:24,502 --> 00:33:26,971 They were warned but they ignored it. 715 00:33:26,971 --> 00:33:29,708 - [Dr. Mark] In 1980, the U.S. government triggered 716 00:33:29,708 --> 00:33:32,310 a radical shift in the diet of Americans 717 00:33:32,310 --> 00:33:37,316 when the campaign against fat became official food policy. 718 00:33:38,750 --> 00:33:39,951 - [Dr. Nina] The first dietary guidelines recommended seven 719 00:33:39,951 --> 00:33:44,355 to 11 servings of bread basically every day. 720 00:33:44,355 --> 00:33:46,825 50 to 55% of your calories are supposed to come 721 00:33:46,825 --> 00:33:49,861 from carbohydrates, mostly grains. 722 00:33:49,861 --> 00:33:51,730 - [Dr. Mark] For the first time anywhere in the world, 723 00:33:51,730 --> 00:33:56,134 our government endorsed a massive increase in carbohydrates 724 00:33:56,134 --> 00:33:58,269 and slashed saturated fat consumption 725 00:33:58,269 --> 00:34:01,173 to less than 10% of daily calories. 726 00:34:01,173 --> 00:34:05,376 - The American guideline started with a very high-carb, 727 00:34:05,376 --> 00:34:09,947 low-fat approach which was disastrous for putting 728 00:34:09,947 --> 00:34:14,253 that out into an entire population without evidence saying 729 00:34:14,253 --> 00:34:15,721 that it was healthy. 730 00:34:15,721 --> 00:34:18,889 - Obesity in America had been slowly creeping up 731 00:34:21,393 --> 00:34:26,398 from the mid 1900s on, but 1980 you see it go sharply, 732 00:34:27,132 --> 00:34:28,367 turn sharply upwards. 733 00:34:28,367 --> 00:34:30,601 - And then it just takes off like an airplane. 734 00:34:30,601 --> 00:34:33,905 So you just want to ask, well, what happened around then? 735 00:34:33,905 --> 00:34:37,909 - What happened in 1980 is that the U.S. government 736 00:34:37,909 --> 00:34:40,846 told all Americans, cut back on fat 737 00:34:40,846 --> 00:34:43,081 and increase your carbohydrates. 738 00:34:43,081 --> 00:34:46,717 - It could be complete coincidence, that that just happened 739 00:34:46,717 --> 00:34:50,889 to coincide but it sure as anything needs looking at 740 00:34:50,889 --> 00:34:53,692 to see if it is just coincidence. 741 00:34:53,692 --> 00:34:58,697 - When we took the fat out of the food, what did we do? 742 00:35:00,097 --> 00:35:04,101 We put something in which was way worse, sugar. 743 00:35:04,869 --> 00:35:06,338 * One, two and twist 744 00:35:06,338 --> 00:35:08,440 - [Narrator] Reduced Fat Oreo, less fat, loads of taste. 745 00:35:08,440 --> 00:35:09,907 New, reduced fat browning muffin 746 00:35:09,907 --> 00:35:12,643 and cake mixes from Pillsbury, try the new frosting, too. 747 00:35:12,643 --> 00:35:15,481 Hershey's Syrup is virtually fat free. 748 00:35:15,481 --> 00:35:16,981 - Terrific! 749 00:35:16,981 --> 00:35:20,219 - I mean, let's face it, fat tastes good, we know that. 750 00:35:20,219 --> 00:35:23,489 And if you're gonna remove the fat from a food, 751 00:35:23,489 --> 00:35:26,257 you're gonna have to replace it with something else 752 00:35:26,257 --> 00:35:27,626 that gives people pleasure. 753 00:35:27,626 --> 00:35:29,394 - [Narrator] As new simple pleasures is made 754 00:35:29,394 --> 00:35:32,731 with all natural Simplesse, instead of fat. 755 00:35:32,731 --> 00:35:34,266 - And what did they put in? 756 00:35:34,266 --> 00:35:38,403 Refined carbohydrates, increased sugar, and boom, 757 00:35:38,403 --> 00:35:41,806 we've got an explosion of processed foods. 758 00:35:41,806 --> 00:35:44,009 - [Narrator] So irresistible, people are sinking 759 00:35:44,009 --> 00:35:46,577 to a new low to get their hands on one. 760 00:35:46,577 --> 00:35:49,347 Continental yogurt is non-fat, no low-fat, but non-fat. 761 00:35:50,648 --> 00:35:51,516 - No fat?! 762 00:35:51,516 --> 00:35:52,784 - How'd they do that? 763 00:35:52,784 --> 00:35:55,019 - Ultimately, sugar was a bigger problem 764 00:35:55,019 --> 00:35:57,322 than saturated fat ever was. 765 00:35:57,322 --> 00:36:00,259 - The industry learned that if they took fat out the diet, 766 00:36:00,259 --> 00:36:02,393 they had to replace it with sugar and then learned 767 00:36:02,393 --> 00:36:03,795 that sugar was addictive. 768 00:36:03,795 --> 00:36:05,297 - Whoa, these are really good. 769 00:36:05,297 --> 00:36:06,130 - These are great. 770 00:36:06,130 --> 00:36:06,965 - Bring 'em on. 771 00:36:06,965 --> 00:36:08,199 - Oh, yeah. 772 00:36:08,199 --> 00:36:09,967 - And that's the drive of the obesity epidemic. 773 00:36:09,967 --> 00:36:12,070 - [Dr. Nina] Low-fat yogurt higher in sugar. 774 00:36:12,070 --> 00:36:13,239 - Whoa! 775 00:36:13,239 --> 00:36:14,039 - [Dr. Nina] Low-fat peanut butter. 776 00:36:14,039 --> 00:36:15,240 - This is special. 777 00:36:15,240 --> 00:36:16,141 - [Dr. Nina] low-fat salad dressing. 778 00:36:16,141 --> 00:36:17,309 - This is great! 779 00:36:17,309 --> 00:36:18,610 - [Dr. Nina] All higher in sugar or carbs. 780 00:36:18,610 --> 00:36:20,144 - Are you sure this fat-free? 781 00:36:20,144 --> 00:36:22,780 - All low-fat foods turned out to be higher in carbs. 782 00:36:22,780 --> 00:36:25,351 - I don't think this was anyone's intention, 783 00:36:25,351 --> 00:36:28,554 but it's what naturally happens when you remove fat, 784 00:36:28,554 --> 00:36:30,989 which is natural for humans to be eating, 785 00:36:30,989 --> 00:36:35,360 from their dietary choices and you put them on things 786 00:36:35,360 --> 00:36:37,027 instead of tasting like cardboard, 787 00:36:37,027 --> 00:36:39,431 they can at least taste like sweet cardboard. 788 00:36:40,532 --> 00:36:42,768 - SnackWell's, Chocolate Sandwich Cookies. 789 00:36:42,768 --> 00:36:44,202 - These taste unbelievable, 790 00:36:44,202 --> 00:36:45,471 what if I can't bake enough of them? 791 00:36:45,471 --> 00:36:47,273 - Those women will be after me again. 792 00:36:48,474 --> 00:36:51,242 - Hello, cookie-man, what's in the box? 793 00:36:51,242 --> 00:36:54,079 - We have the SnackWell phenomenon was like the epitome 794 00:36:54,079 --> 00:36:56,614 of what happened with the low-fat food industry, 795 00:36:56,614 --> 00:36:59,818 where people thought they could just eat massive amounts 796 00:36:59,818 --> 00:37:01,286 of these cookies. 797 00:37:01,286 --> 00:37:02,820 - Don't you think you get a little carried away? 798 00:37:02,820 --> 00:37:05,990 - [Dr. Nina] They were very high in sugar and white flour. 799 00:37:05,990 --> 00:37:08,659 - Cookie-man, you'd better make some more (laughs). 800 00:37:10,762 --> 00:37:12,831 - [Dr. Mark] The American Heart Association cashed 801 00:37:12,831 --> 00:37:14,565 in on the low-fat craze. 802 00:37:14,565 --> 00:37:17,568 Food companies paid hundreds of thousands of dollars 803 00:37:17,568 --> 00:37:21,106 to feature this heart-healthy check-off symbol on a product. 804 00:37:21,106 --> 00:37:23,775 - So this resulted in crazy things like heart check-off 805 00:37:23,775 --> 00:37:27,012 on Cocoa Krispies, or Honey Nut Cheerios, 806 00:37:27,012 --> 00:37:30,681 or on all these foods that were super high in sugar, 807 00:37:30,681 --> 00:37:31,650 but as long as they were low in fat 808 00:37:31,650 --> 00:37:33,684 then it was considered healthy. 809 00:37:33,684 --> 00:37:34,952 - Kellogg's Fruit Loops Cereal, 810 00:37:34,952 --> 00:37:36,655 part of this nutritious breakfast. 811 00:37:38,489 --> 00:37:41,092 Now that's the seal of approval. 812 00:37:41,092 --> 00:37:43,862 - [Dr. Mark] Heart-healthy, low-fat fruit loops, anyone? 813 00:37:45,331 --> 00:37:47,164 - [Dr. Nina] There's a kind of conventional explanation 814 00:37:47,164 --> 00:37:49,501 that it's really the fault of Americans 815 00:37:49,501 --> 00:37:50,735 for not following the guidelines, 816 00:37:50,735 --> 00:37:52,269 there's nothing wrong with our guidelines, 817 00:37:52,269 --> 00:37:54,373 it's just that Americans fail to follow them. 818 00:37:54,373 --> 00:37:55,773 - [Dr. Mark] But government consumption data 819 00:37:55,773 --> 00:37:58,309 confirms Americans did as they were told 820 00:37:58,309 --> 00:38:01,547 and dutifully cut back on natural fats found in red meat, 821 00:38:01,547 --> 00:38:04,215 whole milk, eggs, animal fats and butter, 822 00:38:04,215 --> 00:38:06,485 but we still gained weight. 823 00:38:06,485 --> 00:38:08,320 - One of the analogies that I like to use, 824 00:38:08,320 --> 00:38:10,889 just imagine you had a baseball team 825 00:38:10,889 --> 00:38:15,760 that lost every single game for the last 50, 60 years. 826 00:38:17,596 --> 00:38:18,829 And you're like, well, those players, 827 00:38:18,829 --> 00:38:20,097 they just don't know how to play. 828 00:38:20,097 --> 00:38:21,333 None of my players know how to play. 829 00:38:21,333 --> 00:38:22,833 Well, at some point you'd have to say, 830 00:38:22,833 --> 00:38:25,336 maybe we should take a look at our coaching strategy. 831 00:38:27,038 --> 00:38:30,576 It can't be the fault of all of those players for decades 832 00:38:30,576 --> 00:38:32,043 but that's basically our explanation 833 00:38:32,043 --> 00:38:35,481 for why Americans are getting fatter and sicker, 834 00:38:35,481 --> 00:38:36,414 it's their fault. 835 00:38:36,414 --> 00:38:37,782 They just can't do it right. 836 00:38:37,782 --> 00:38:39,317 - I think the dietary guidelines have been 837 00:38:39,317 --> 00:38:42,086 a tremendous failed experiment. 838 00:38:42,086 --> 00:38:45,289 It's a good question of whether they just need to be changed 839 00:38:45,289 --> 00:38:48,659 or whether they just need to be scrapped and start over. 840 00:38:48,659 --> 00:38:51,028 - I genuinely believe that people now are hanging 841 00:38:51,028 --> 00:38:54,099 onto the saturated fat myth because they don't want to admit 842 00:38:54,099 --> 00:38:55,501 that they were wrong. 843 00:38:55,501 --> 00:38:57,235 - I don't think the governments will ever admit 844 00:38:57,235 --> 00:38:59,304 they were wrong about saturated fat. 845 00:38:59,304 --> 00:39:01,306 - We are paying a hell of a price 846 00:39:01,306 --> 00:39:03,974 for a few public health people wanting 847 00:39:03,974 --> 00:39:07,646 to protect their own reputation, not wanting to look silly. 848 00:39:07,646 --> 00:39:10,949 - I used to fantasize about the American Heart Association, 849 00:39:10,949 --> 00:39:14,753 press release that would say, okay, yes, we know 850 00:39:14,753 --> 00:39:19,190 for the past almost 60 years we've been giving you 851 00:39:19,190 --> 00:39:23,494 the wrong advice and we apologize if we killed any 852 00:39:23,494 --> 00:39:26,398 of your loved ones prematurely 853 00:39:26,398 --> 00:39:28,500 and we apologize if we gave you heart disease 854 00:39:28,500 --> 00:39:30,802 with the advice we did give you. 855 00:39:30,802 --> 00:39:33,338 We were just telling you what we thought was true then 856 00:39:33,338 --> 00:39:37,041 and we were best of intention and now we know better. 857 00:39:37,041 --> 00:39:39,510 - That apology may never come 858 00:39:39,510 --> 00:39:41,746 and the largest health organizations dedicated 859 00:39:41,746 --> 00:39:45,250 to preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes continue 860 00:39:45,250 --> 00:39:48,052 to spread advice that makes it worse. 861 00:39:55,326 --> 00:39:58,228 - Type 2 diabetes we were always taught is a chronic 862 00:39:58,228 --> 00:40:02,233 and irreversible disease, inevitably progressive. 863 00:40:02,233 --> 00:40:05,202 I flatly rejected that, I flatly rejected. 864 00:40:05,202 --> 00:40:09,440 So it is chronic, irreversible, and inevitably progressive 865 00:40:09,440 --> 00:40:13,878 if you take the guidelines currently in place 866 00:40:13,878 --> 00:40:16,514 and utilize them as your treatment plan. 867 00:40:16,514 --> 00:40:18,516 (keyboard typing) 868 00:40:18,516 --> 00:40:21,119 - [Dr. Mark] For years, the American Diabetes Association 869 00:40:21,119 --> 00:40:23,253 has promoted low-fat diets. 870 00:40:23,253 --> 00:40:26,056 They use this handy graphic illustration called 871 00:40:26,056 --> 00:40:28,793 the Diabetic Plate, which features limited amounts 872 00:40:28,793 --> 00:40:32,797 of lean meat, non-fat dairy products and 50% 873 00:40:32,797 --> 00:40:36,001 or more of daily calories as carbohydrates. 874 00:40:36,001 --> 00:40:39,003 - I think the Diabetic Plate is a prescription 875 00:40:39,003 --> 00:40:40,706 for worsening of the disease. 876 00:40:40,706 --> 00:40:42,608 If you really look at the Diabetic Plate, 877 00:40:42,608 --> 00:40:47,579 it is 3/4 carbohydrates, which makes no sense. 878 00:40:48,346 --> 00:40:50,882 It also is lean protein, 879 00:40:50,882 --> 00:40:53,083 so when we look at the Diabetic Plate as a whole, 880 00:40:53,083 --> 00:40:55,052 there's almost no fats. 881 00:40:57,556 --> 00:41:01,659 - This is a way to make people sicker and fatter. 882 00:41:02,693 --> 00:41:04,028 This is the advice I was giving, 883 00:41:04,028 --> 00:41:05,597 this is the advice that doesn't work. 884 00:41:05,597 --> 00:41:08,967 This is the advice that prescribes more medications, 885 00:41:08,967 --> 00:41:11,001 this is the advice that increases insulin. 886 00:41:11,001 --> 00:41:13,605 But really it's a metabolic shift when you burn fat 887 00:41:13,605 --> 00:41:15,306 instead of burning sugar. 888 00:41:15,306 --> 00:41:17,842 - [Dr. Mark] Alyssa Gallagher is Judi's dietician. 889 00:41:17,842 --> 00:41:21,547 She was initially trained in the low-fat paradigm. 890 00:41:21,547 --> 00:41:25,583 - When I first started exploring the low-carb approach. 891 00:41:25,583 --> 00:41:28,719 - [Judi] That's really low-carb, I can use that. 892 00:41:28,719 --> 00:41:31,356 - I helped people genuinely, 893 00:41:31,356 --> 00:41:33,224 for the first time in my career. 894 00:41:33,224 --> 00:41:34,826 - I'm going for real food now, 895 00:41:34,826 --> 00:41:36,728 so I can get rid of all of this. 896 00:41:36,728 --> 00:41:39,097 - In the old days, I was frustrated 897 00:41:39,097 --> 00:41:43,034 that the advice I was giving wasn't working for people. 898 00:41:44,536 --> 00:41:48,606 - Oh, chips and crackers, where is that garbage can? 899 00:41:48,606 --> 00:41:51,677 - I was taught, essentially what 900 00:41:51,677 --> 00:41:56,648 the American Diabetes Association teaches is carbohydrates, 901 00:41:58,016 --> 00:42:00,652 consistent carbohydrates, more whole grains. 902 00:42:00,652 --> 00:42:05,289 - No oatmeal, they used to tell us that was good for you. 903 00:42:05,289 --> 00:42:07,492 - I was taught saturated fat is bad for you. 904 00:42:08,559 --> 00:42:11,797 Saturated fat is something to be avoided 905 00:42:11,797 --> 00:42:14,632 and limited at all costs. 906 00:42:15,833 --> 00:42:17,367 - [Dr. Mark] The problem is, when you remove fat 907 00:42:17,367 --> 00:42:21,806 from the diet, you have to eat something else instead 908 00:42:21,806 --> 00:42:26,811 and that something else is often carbohydrates. 909 00:42:27,679 --> 00:42:28,914 - At first I didn't understand 910 00:42:28,914 --> 00:42:30,949 why the advice I was giving wasn't working. 911 00:42:31,817 --> 00:42:33,451 It's what I learned in school. 912 00:42:33,451 --> 00:42:35,085 I'm the nutrition expert, right? 913 00:42:35,085 --> 00:42:36,688 It should be working. 914 00:42:36,688 --> 00:42:40,090 And then eventually it started not making sense to me. 915 00:42:40,090 --> 00:42:42,226 Why am I telling somebody with diabetes 916 00:42:42,226 --> 00:42:44,795 that they must eat carbohydrates? 917 00:42:46,164 --> 00:42:47,097 It didn't make any sense. 918 00:42:47,097 --> 00:42:49,034 Carbohydrates raise blood sugar, 919 00:42:49,034 --> 00:42:50,300 when you have higher blood sugars, 920 00:42:50,300 --> 00:42:52,137 we need to give you more medication. 921 00:42:52,137 --> 00:42:55,472 When we give you more medication, you gain weight. 922 00:42:55,472 --> 00:42:57,375 When you gain weight, you need more medication, 923 00:42:57,375 --> 00:43:00,210 you wanna eat more carbs, it became a vicious cycle. 924 00:43:00,210 --> 00:43:03,148 - Okay, I think I'm done cleaning out my pantry. 925 00:43:03,148 --> 00:43:06,083 - An insulin resistance is essentially a state 926 00:43:06,083 --> 00:43:08,286 of carbohydrate intolerance. 927 00:43:08,286 --> 00:43:12,190 So why or why do we wanna continue to recommend 928 00:43:12,190 --> 00:43:15,025 to people to eat them? 929 00:43:15,025 --> 00:43:17,195 - [Dr. Mark] Sarah Hallberg is a physician leading arguably 930 00:43:17,195 --> 00:43:21,398 the most promising trial ever conducted on type 2 diabetes. 931 00:43:21,398 --> 00:43:23,501 She's helped hundreds of patients safely 932 00:43:23,501 --> 00:43:26,905 and sustainably reverse their diabetes diagnosis, 933 00:43:26,905 --> 00:43:29,740 often, getting off of all medications 934 00:43:29,740 --> 00:43:33,110 by cutting carbohydrates and increasing their fat intake, 935 00:43:33,110 --> 00:43:37,047 a lot, to as much as 70 to 80% of their daily calories. 936 00:43:38,382 --> 00:43:41,385 - The solution to the diabetes problem in my clinic 937 00:43:41,385 --> 00:43:46,391 is exceedingly clear, stop using medicine to treat food. 938 00:43:48,326 --> 00:43:51,262 - [Dr. Mark] Her TED Talk on this unconventional approach 939 00:43:51,262 --> 00:43:53,831 has nearly five million views. 940 00:43:53,831 --> 00:43:57,402 The title, Reversing Type 2 diabetes starts 941 00:43:57,402 --> 00:43:59,938 with ignoring the guidelines. 942 00:43:59,938 --> 00:44:01,873 - Fat is central 943 00:44:01,873 --> 00:44:05,710 to any science-based nutrition recommendation 944 00:44:05,710 --> 00:44:08,980 for anyone who struggles with type 2 diabetes. 945 00:44:08,980 --> 00:44:13,351 Carbohydrates cause our insulin and glucose to go up, 946 00:44:13,351 --> 00:44:18,356 proteins much less, and with fat, there's no glucose 947 00:44:19,190 --> 00:44:20,992 or insulin reaction. 948 00:44:20,992 --> 00:44:25,362 And given the fact that type 2 diabetes is a problem 949 00:44:25,362 --> 00:44:28,733 with elevated glucose, wait a minute, 950 00:44:28,733 --> 00:44:32,237 we can't be recommending the macronutrient 951 00:44:32,237 --> 00:44:35,405 that's gonna cause glucose and insulin to go up, 952 00:44:35,405 --> 00:44:40,311 but that's exactly what MyPlate and the ADA guidelines do. 953 00:44:40,311 --> 00:44:43,782 They recommend us to eat the macronutrient 954 00:44:43,782 --> 00:44:45,951 that's causing the problem. 955 00:44:45,951 --> 00:44:49,286 - [Dr. Mark] In her clinical trial of nearly 500 patients, 956 00:44:49,286 --> 00:44:52,222 60% of the intervention group reversed 957 00:44:52,222 --> 00:44:54,291 their diagnosis of diabetes. 958 00:44:54,291 --> 00:44:56,327 That's more than half the patients 959 00:44:56,327 --> 00:44:58,829 whose blood sugars normalized. 960 00:44:58,829 --> 00:45:03,367 94% had their insulin doses decreased or totally eliminated 961 00:45:03,367 --> 00:45:07,304 with no increase in their LDL or lousy cholesterol. 962 00:45:07,304 --> 00:45:10,876 By comparison, the American Diabetes Association reports 963 00:45:10,876 --> 00:45:14,846 a less than 1% success rate at reversing diabetes 964 00:45:14,846 --> 00:45:18,349 when following their own, low-fat advice. 965 00:45:18,349 --> 00:45:22,286 - So if we want people to really get help, 966 00:45:22,286 --> 00:45:27,291 we have to start giving them advice that actually works. 967 00:45:28,726 --> 00:45:32,030 - It's hard when you have, let alone been hearing something 968 00:45:32,030 --> 00:45:35,000 for decades but been saying something for decades, 969 00:45:35,000 --> 00:45:37,467 it's difficult to turn that ship around. 970 00:45:37,467 --> 00:45:41,005 Because to turn that ship around you have to be vulnerable. 971 00:45:41,005 --> 00:45:44,175 You have to say, I was wrong. 972 00:45:44,175 --> 00:45:47,846 And this involves a lot of organizations, 973 00:45:47,846 --> 00:45:52,282 a lot of people saying I was wrong, and I think that's hard. 974 00:45:52,282 --> 00:45:53,583 I think that's a big deal. 975 00:45:54,985 --> 00:45:56,721 - [Dr. Mark] After years of following the guidelines 976 00:45:56,721 --> 00:45:59,757 and getting nowhere, Judi has decided 977 00:45:59,757 --> 00:46:01,827 to ignore the ADA's advice and try 978 00:46:01,827 --> 00:46:05,063 to reverse her type 2 diabetes with a low-carb, 979 00:46:05,063 --> 00:46:07,297 high-fat nutrition plan. 980 00:46:07,297 --> 00:46:09,266 - The health professionals that were giving us all 981 00:46:09,266 --> 00:46:13,070 that advice through the years just bounced us back 982 00:46:13,070 --> 00:46:15,773 and forth, and we never really had any answers. 983 00:46:15,773 --> 00:46:18,543 - I really like unsweetened coconut chips. 984 00:46:18,543 --> 00:46:23,547 - I feel like what I'm learning now is a way toward health 985 00:46:24,949 --> 00:46:27,853 and a way toward a better size that I'll feel good about 986 00:46:27,853 --> 00:46:30,755 which to me is hand in hand with my health. 987 00:46:33,157 --> 00:46:36,126 - The U.S. military is now facing a new threat. 988 00:46:36,126 --> 00:46:38,996 It's not North Korea, it is actually the U.S. diet. 989 00:46:38,996 --> 00:46:42,099 - The single biggest disqualifier is obesity. 990 00:46:42,967 --> 00:46:44,402 - Wait? 991 00:46:44,402 --> 00:46:45,735 We're talking about young people? 992 00:46:45,735 --> 00:46:47,338 - Right, youth obesity. 993 00:46:47,338 --> 00:46:50,541 - [Reporter] 25% of all potential recruits are turned away 994 00:46:50,541 --> 00:46:51,943 because of their weight. 995 00:46:54,478 --> 00:46:58,282 - At this point in time, we can't field an army, 996 00:46:59,449 --> 00:47:02,552 because they are "too fat to fight" 997 00:47:02,552 --> 00:47:05,923 that's not my words, that's the U.S. Army's words. 998 00:47:07,492 --> 00:47:10,327 - A few months ago, the army missed its recruitment goals 999 00:47:10,327 --> 00:47:12,563 for the first time in 13 years. 1000 00:47:14,431 --> 00:47:17,101 We've gotten to a point where we're too fat 1001 00:47:17,101 --> 00:47:18,469 to defend ourselves. 1002 00:47:25,409 --> 00:47:26,643 - [Dr. Mark] Captain Brian Gaudette 1003 00:47:26,643 --> 00:47:29,414 is an Apache helicopter pilot, an entrepreneur 1004 00:47:29,414 --> 00:47:30,748 and a living example 1005 00:47:30,748 --> 00:47:33,818 of why the U.S. Dietary Guidelines matter. 1006 00:47:33,818 --> 00:47:36,987 - [Brian Gaudette] Flying Apache helicopters is probably one 1007 00:47:36,987 --> 00:47:39,157 of the most fun things on the planet, 1008 00:47:39,157 --> 00:47:42,360 but it's also very high stakes. 1009 00:47:42,360 --> 00:47:46,496 You need all of your faculties to stay safe. 1010 00:47:46,496 --> 00:47:47,898 - [Dr. Mark] On high stakes missions, 1011 00:47:47,898 --> 00:47:49,599 often on the other side of the world, 1012 00:47:49,599 --> 00:47:51,902 Brian was confined to army food, 1013 00:47:51,902 --> 00:47:56,240 a diet dictated by the dietary guidelines. 1014 00:47:56,240 --> 00:47:59,376 - I always had sandwiches for lunch, 1015 00:47:59,376 --> 00:48:04,315 lots of noodle-based dishes, lots of rice-based dishes. 1016 00:48:05,715 --> 00:48:06,650 I was running about three or four times a week, 1017 00:48:06,650 --> 00:48:08,385 between three and five miles, 1018 00:48:08,385 --> 00:48:10,688 but the weight was still coming on. 1019 00:48:12,322 --> 00:48:16,961 One day I was in the cockpit, and I put my head down, 1020 00:48:16,961 --> 00:48:19,530 and it felt like the world was moving, 1021 00:48:19,530 --> 00:48:21,065 like the aircraft was moving. 1022 00:48:21,065 --> 00:48:24,402 I looked up really quick, and then I put my head down again. 1023 00:48:24,402 --> 00:48:29,407 I felt it again and so I kinda had to raise my hand and say, 1024 00:48:30,275 --> 00:48:31,809 hey, we have a problem here. 1025 00:48:31,809 --> 00:48:34,744 - [Dr. Mark] Brian knew he was sick, but he didn't know why. 1026 00:48:34,744 --> 00:48:36,780 He was grounded from flying. 1027 00:48:36,780 --> 00:48:40,818 - For the next eight months I went to every specialist. 1028 00:48:40,818 --> 00:48:42,719 - Do you have a brain tumor? 1029 00:48:42,719 --> 00:48:44,054 Is it an inner ear thing? 1030 00:48:44,054 --> 00:48:45,155 Is there a cardiac issue? 1031 00:48:45,155 --> 00:48:46,690 Is there a neurological issue? 1032 00:48:46,690 --> 00:48:48,525 - And they said, "You know, Brian, 1033 00:48:48,525 --> 00:48:50,827 "sometimes stress does weird stuff to the body," 1034 00:48:50,827 --> 00:48:53,998 and handed me a card for mental health. 1035 00:48:53,998 --> 00:48:56,867 - [Dr. Mark] Not one medical specialist asked Brian 1036 00:48:56,867 --> 00:48:58,103 about his nutrition. 1037 00:48:58,103 --> 00:48:59,436 - And they were just like, 1038 00:48:59,436 --> 00:49:03,440 "Sorry, that's about all we can do for you." 1039 00:49:03,440 --> 00:49:05,675 So there was a turning point where I was like, 1040 00:49:05,675 --> 00:49:08,278 okay, well, we've got to figure this out on our own. 1041 00:49:16,320 --> 00:49:18,222 - [Dr. Mark] Brian decided to try an elimination diet 1042 00:49:18,222 --> 00:49:21,525 and he cut out all grains and sugar. 1043 00:49:21,525 --> 00:49:23,793 - For really, just efficiency and for taste, 1044 00:49:23,793 --> 00:49:28,699 I made these giant batches of bone broth, vegetable, 1045 00:49:28,699 --> 00:49:33,371 and meat soups, and I just ate them pretty much every day 1046 00:49:33,371 --> 00:49:34,771 and that's where sort of the nickname, 1047 00:49:34,771 --> 00:49:36,641 Captain Soup, came from. 1048 00:49:36,641 --> 00:49:39,976 In about six weeks, I got my brain back, 1049 00:49:39,976 --> 00:49:44,248 I got my energy back, I lost about 25 pounds. 1050 00:49:44,248 --> 00:49:46,384 - I started to see my husband come back. 1051 00:49:46,384 --> 00:49:50,387 I started to see my children's father come back. 1052 00:49:50,387 --> 00:49:53,590 It's miraculous to me what just food can do. 1053 00:49:54,759 --> 00:49:56,293 - [Dr. Mark] Just by changing what he ate, 1054 00:49:56,293 --> 00:49:58,396 Brian's health problems resolved. 1055 00:49:58,396 --> 00:50:00,597 He no longer takes any medication, 1056 00:50:00,597 --> 00:50:02,300 he's back to his high school weight, 1057 00:50:02,300 --> 00:50:05,869 and the army has reinstated his flight status. 1058 00:50:05,869 --> 00:50:09,340 And now he's sharing his recipe for health with the world. 1059 00:50:09,340 --> 00:50:12,610 - [Brian Gaudette] Now we make just super-clean keto soups, 1060 00:50:12,610 --> 00:50:15,746 and we ship them frozen all over the country. 1061 00:50:15,746 --> 00:50:17,715 - [Dr. Mark] These days, when Brian goes on deployment, 1062 00:50:17,715 --> 00:50:19,884 he ships ahead cases of soup, 1063 00:50:19,884 --> 00:50:24,422 he no longer relies on the army food that made him so sick. 1064 00:50:24,422 --> 00:50:27,291 - When my son was born, I was really sick 1065 00:50:27,291 --> 00:50:30,394 and I look back at photos from that time 1066 00:50:30,394 --> 00:50:34,532 and I barely remember anything about that year, 1067 00:50:34,532 --> 00:50:38,068 because I was so out of it, sorry. 1068 00:50:39,570 --> 00:50:41,005 And when you don't have energy 1069 00:50:41,005 --> 00:50:43,307 and you don't have your health, 1070 00:50:43,307 --> 00:50:45,041 you don't really have anything. 1071 00:50:47,077 --> 00:50:49,213 I have my brain back, I have my energy back 1072 00:50:49,213 --> 00:50:52,682 and I can show up and be there for my kids 1073 00:50:52,682 --> 00:50:54,385 and for my wife like I wanna be. 1074 00:50:58,123 --> 00:51:00,391 - Today, less than 20% of medical schools 1075 00:51:00,391 --> 00:51:02,293 require nutrition training for physicians 1076 00:51:02,293 --> 00:51:04,829 and that's slowly changing, but a widespread lack 1077 00:51:04,829 --> 00:51:08,099 of nutrition knowledge means many physicians misunderstand 1078 00:51:08,099 --> 00:51:11,268 the root causes of chronic and metabolic diseases 1079 00:51:11,268 --> 00:51:13,103 which are often driven by diet. 1080 00:51:16,173 --> 00:51:18,576 - When a physician preaches low-fat 1081 00:51:18,576 --> 00:51:21,945 and a physician preaches reducing calories 1082 00:51:21,945 --> 00:51:25,916 and they try that themselves, it doesn't take long for some 1083 00:51:25,916 --> 00:51:28,186 of them to realize, this isn't working for me, 1084 00:51:28,186 --> 00:51:30,521 maybe it's not working for my patients, either. 1085 00:51:31,422 --> 00:51:32,289 - Hi. 1086 00:51:32,289 --> 00:51:33,123 - Hi. 1087 00:51:33,123 --> 00:51:33,958 - How are you doing? 1088 00:51:33,958 --> 00:51:35,460 - Good. 1089 00:51:35,460 --> 00:51:37,027 - [Dr. Mark] Physicians are not immune to obesity. 1090 00:51:37,027 --> 00:51:40,664 Plenty of them struggle with their own health challenges. 1091 00:51:40,664 --> 00:51:42,099 - Until two years ago, 1092 00:51:42,099 --> 00:51:45,503 I was trying to do the American Diabetes Association diet, 1093 00:51:45,503 --> 00:51:46,737 the American Heart Association, 1094 00:51:46,737 --> 00:51:49,072 trying to eat a low-fat diet, 1095 00:51:49,072 --> 00:51:50,840 eating small meals throughout the day 1096 00:51:50,840 --> 00:51:52,177 and I'm gaining weight. 1097 00:51:52,177 --> 00:51:54,811 Up, two, up, three. 1098 00:51:54,811 --> 00:51:56,313 I was working out six days a week 1099 00:51:56,313 --> 00:51:58,583 because I would say I gotta work out if I wanna lose weight, 1100 00:51:58,583 --> 00:52:00,385 I wanna be an example to my patients. 1101 00:52:00,385 --> 00:52:02,952 You're exercising but like they say, 1102 00:52:02,952 --> 00:52:04,289 you can't outrun your fork. 1103 00:52:05,722 --> 00:52:08,293 - [Dr. Mark] Like many docs, Brian Lenzkes was trained 1104 00:52:08,293 --> 00:52:11,061 in the low-fat paradigm and that's what he practiced 1105 00:52:11,061 --> 00:52:12,597 with his patients for decades. 1106 00:52:13,731 --> 00:52:15,199 But the struggle with his own weight 1107 00:52:15,199 --> 00:52:17,101 was getting out of control. 1108 00:52:17,101 --> 00:52:19,969 - Yeah, at that point I was around 260 pounds, 1109 00:52:19,969 --> 00:52:22,606 and at that time I was also pre-diabetic. 1110 00:52:22,606 --> 00:52:24,442 Clearly what I was doing wasn't working. 1111 00:52:24,442 --> 00:52:26,443 I was following the government guidelines 1112 00:52:26,443 --> 00:52:28,278 and I was getting sicker and sicker. 1113 00:52:28,278 --> 00:52:31,047 And it's not working for me, well, 1114 00:52:31,047 --> 00:52:32,516 were my patients not listening to me 1115 00:52:32,516 --> 00:52:34,684 or was I giving them bad advice? 1116 00:52:34,684 --> 00:52:37,188 And it turns out we were giving bad advice. 1117 00:52:37,188 --> 00:52:40,458 - Honey, I got a mixture of chicken, 1118 00:52:40,458 --> 00:52:44,594 Italian seasoned sausage and a spicy pork. 1119 00:52:44,594 --> 00:52:46,931 - So when I cut carbohydrates the interesting thing for me, 1120 00:52:46,931 --> 00:52:49,032 if I had eggs for breakfast for instance, 1121 00:52:49,032 --> 00:52:51,101 my ten o'clock snack that I was gonna have, 1122 00:52:51,101 --> 00:52:53,438 I wasn't hungry and I would skip right through it. 1123 00:52:54,804 --> 00:52:56,507 Within the first six months I was down 1124 00:52:56,507 --> 00:52:59,076 about 28 pounds, 30 pounds. 1125 00:52:59,076 --> 00:53:01,010 I was putting on muscle mass and I was feeling really good. 1126 00:53:01,010 --> 00:53:05,516 My energy, my mental clarity, my focus, my fatigue levels, 1127 00:53:05,516 --> 00:53:06,717 all those things got better. 1128 00:53:06,717 --> 00:53:08,918 I was like, wow, pretty interesting. 1129 00:53:08,918 --> 00:53:10,387 - How many of you guys have lost 10 pounds 1130 00:53:10,387 --> 00:53:11,722 or more pounds to low-carb or keto? 1131 00:53:11,722 --> 00:53:14,057 - And he's been a fantastic ambassador 1132 00:53:14,057 --> 00:53:16,594 for low-carb lifestyle because he's seen it personally 1133 00:53:16,594 --> 00:53:19,128 and now he's seen it with hundreds of his patients. 1134 00:53:19,128 --> 00:53:20,565 - Hey, how are doing? 1135 00:53:20,565 --> 00:53:21,398 - Fine. 1136 00:53:21,398 --> 00:53:22,699 - So good to see you. 1137 00:53:22,699 --> 00:53:23,534 - Thank you. 1138 00:53:23,534 --> 00:53:25,001 - How's things? 1139 00:53:25,001 --> 00:53:26,704 In all my years of practice, I never saw anyone cured 1140 00:53:26,704 --> 00:53:29,139 of diabetes by going on a low-fat diet, never, not one time. 1141 00:53:29,139 --> 00:53:30,675 No one came off insulin. 1142 00:53:30,675 --> 00:53:32,909 - [Dr. Mark] Since switching his practice to a low-carb, 1143 00:53:32,909 --> 00:53:34,878 ketogenic approach, nearly a dozen 1144 00:53:34,878 --> 00:53:38,215 of Brian's patients have reversed their type 2 diabetes 1145 00:53:38,215 --> 00:53:40,385 and come off insulin altogether. 1146 00:53:40,385 --> 00:53:41,952 - [Dr. Brian] I was just looking at your numbers 1147 00:53:41,952 --> 00:53:45,322 and I think of anyone I've seen, 1148 00:53:45,322 --> 00:53:47,657 you've come off insulin faster than anyone. 1149 00:53:47,657 --> 00:53:52,630 - I feel brand new, brand new. 1150 00:53:52,630 --> 00:53:55,099 So I'm sticking with the diet. 1151 00:53:55,099 --> 00:53:58,436 - At three months, I went from insulin five times a day 1152 00:53:58,436 --> 00:54:03,340 to no insulin and was able to maintain normal blood sugars. 1153 00:54:04,541 --> 00:54:06,677 - I don't remember if Doctor Lenzkes 1154 00:54:06,677 --> 00:54:11,481 suggested keto specifically for the weight loss 1155 00:54:11,481 --> 00:54:14,083 or if it wasn't for the other issues that I had. 1156 00:54:14,083 --> 00:54:18,222 I started it, and I do love butter, and I do love cream 1157 00:54:18,222 --> 00:54:19,856 and I do love bacon. 1158 00:54:19,856 --> 00:54:23,159 So it sounded really pretty good to me. 1159 00:54:23,159 --> 00:54:28,065 I ate less, and what I ate, I enjoyed more. 1160 00:54:28,065 --> 00:54:32,369 - Since last March, a year ago, 1161 00:54:33,670 --> 00:54:36,606 I've lost between 50 and 60 pounds, 1162 00:54:36,606 --> 00:54:38,141 but I've gained a lot of strength, 1163 00:54:38,141 --> 00:54:40,411 I've gained a lot of muscle as well. 1164 00:54:40,411 --> 00:54:42,447 - So, I've lost over 200 pounds. 1165 00:54:43,481 --> 00:54:44,949 - It's just mind boggling. 1166 00:54:44,949 --> 00:54:48,284 He hadn't taken any patients off insulin ever 1167 00:54:48,284 --> 00:54:51,255 in his entire career and in five months, 1168 00:54:51,255 --> 00:54:53,423 he got 11 patients off insulin completely. 1169 00:54:54,625 --> 00:54:57,061 How can you not acknowledge that? 1170 00:54:57,061 --> 00:54:59,295 - You've done incredible things, just two years ago you were 1171 00:54:59,295 --> 00:55:02,532 on insulin five times a day, huge doses and you asked me, 1172 00:55:02,532 --> 00:55:04,001 can I come off this insulin? 1173 00:55:04,001 --> 00:55:05,869 I'm gaining weight, I'm tired, I'm fatigued all the time, 1174 00:55:05,869 --> 00:55:07,871 and now seeing you, where you are at now, 1175 00:55:07,871 --> 00:55:10,440 it's pretty remarkable where you've accomplished just 1176 00:55:10,440 --> 00:55:12,376 by making some lifestyle changes. 1177 00:55:12,376 --> 00:55:14,844 They're empowered now to get themselves off insulin. 1178 00:55:14,844 --> 00:55:17,347 So now they're seeing it. 1179 00:55:17,347 --> 00:55:20,317 Now my patients are telling other patients and they're going 1180 00:55:20,317 --> 00:55:21,552 to them to say, hey, how come this person came off insulin? 1181 00:55:21,552 --> 00:55:23,086 I thought it couldn't happen. 1182 00:55:23,086 --> 00:55:26,891 It can happen, it does happen and we're excited about that. 1183 00:55:26,891 --> 00:55:28,893 I don't know anyone else who has lost as much weight 1184 00:55:28,893 --> 00:55:31,094 as you have, even with gastric bypass surgery, 1185 00:55:31,094 --> 00:55:32,396 I've never seen it. 1186 00:55:32,396 --> 00:55:33,963 The fact that you are coming down 1187 00:55:33,963 --> 00:55:36,733 off all your diabetes medications, you're off them now, 1188 00:55:36,733 --> 00:55:38,235 your blood pressure came down, 1189 00:55:38,235 --> 00:55:39,603 all these things are getting better 1190 00:55:39,603 --> 00:55:41,739 and we're slowly getting you off of medications. 1191 00:55:41,739 --> 00:55:44,375 You are making progress and you're a ton of progress, 1192 00:55:44,375 --> 00:55:46,710 more than anyone I've ever seen. 1193 00:55:46,710 --> 00:55:49,278 - That shift that he saw in his patients, 1194 00:55:49,278 --> 00:55:52,048 being able to actually remove medications 1195 00:55:52,048 --> 00:55:54,751 and make them healthier at the same time 1196 00:55:54,751 --> 00:55:56,820 was just tremendous and it all started 1197 00:55:56,820 --> 00:55:58,355 with his own personal journey. 1198 00:56:00,625 --> 00:56:04,894 - Maybe, eventually, the government will come around. 1199 00:56:04,894 --> 00:56:08,932 - Maybe possibly so, if not, it's your health. 1200 00:56:08,932 --> 00:56:10,967 We can do it as individuals and when people 1201 00:56:10,967 --> 00:56:12,235 are seeing people will have benefits, 1202 00:56:12,235 --> 00:56:13,903 they are gonna wanna go to that lifestyle, 1203 00:56:13,903 --> 00:56:18,175 and what we are seeing day after day is super exciting, 1204 00:56:18,175 --> 00:56:19,309 so thank you. 1205 00:56:19,309 --> 00:56:20,110 - Thank you so much. - Thank you 1206 00:56:20,110 --> 00:56:21,612 for encouraging me too. 1207 00:56:21,612 --> 00:56:24,581 - Oh no, you're wonderful, you are absolutely the best. 1208 00:56:24,581 --> 00:56:26,215 - You're awesome, thank you. 1209 00:56:26,215 --> 00:56:28,585 - So the three main macronutrients in food are carbohydrate, 1210 00:56:28,585 --> 00:56:31,688 protein and fat and here's an important point, 1211 00:56:31,688 --> 00:56:35,125 there are essential fats and essential proteins, 1212 00:56:35,125 --> 00:56:37,827 but there are no essential carbohydrates. 1213 00:56:38,996 --> 00:56:41,130 Essential means the nutrients are required 1214 00:56:41,130 --> 00:56:45,469 to sustain human life, we must eat these to survive. 1215 00:56:45,469 --> 00:56:49,106 But there is no physical or biological need for us 1216 00:56:49,106 --> 00:56:52,009 to consume any carbohydrates at all. 1217 00:57:00,150 --> 00:57:03,119 - [Doug Reynolds] I was an ultra distance runner, 1218 00:57:04,320 --> 00:57:07,356 not an elite athlete, but I was pretty good 1219 00:57:07,356 --> 00:57:09,659 and finished in the top 100 out of a field 1220 00:57:09,659 --> 00:57:11,528 of about 14, 15000. 1221 00:57:12,963 --> 00:57:15,699 - [Dr. Mark] By the time he was 30 years old, Doug Reynolds, 1222 00:57:15,699 --> 00:57:18,835 had run almost 100 marathons in ultra marathons. 1223 00:57:20,036 --> 00:57:21,838 He was in the best shape of his life, 1224 00:57:21,838 --> 00:57:24,007 but something wasn't right. 1225 00:57:24,007 --> 00:57:27,844 - And I would be incredibly fit, and yet on the day 1226 00:57:27,844 --> 00:57:30,880 of the race, I would be standing there thinking, 1227 00:57:30,880 --> 00:57:33,983 I've got to run up that mountain for 55 miles, 1228 00:57:33,983 --> 00:57:35,219 I can't even get to the corner. 1229 00:57:35,219 --> 00:57:37,253 I felt terrible. 1230 00:57:37,253 --> 00:57:39,389 I used to think it was just nerves. 1231 00:57:39,389 --> 00:57:40,590 - [Dr. Mark] Like many people, 1232 00:57:40,590 --> 00:57:42,358 Doug thought athletes couldn't function 1233 00:57:42,358 --> 00:57:45,128 without carbohydrates, he would binge on carbs 1234 00:57:45,128 --> 00:57:46,896 in the days leading up to the race. 1235 00:57:46,896 --> 00:57:48,132 - But it wasn't the nerves, 1236 00:57:48,132 --> 00:57:50,099 it was the fact that three days before, 1237 00:57:50,099 --> 00:57:55,105 I'd just gorge myself on all these pastas and potatoes 1238 00:57:56,405 --> 00:57:58,275 and all these carbohydrates and it was toxic. 1239 00:57:58,275 --> 00:58:00,777 - [Dr. Mark] It's a familiar story to doctor Tim Noakes, 1240 00:58:00,777 --> 00:58:03,614 the man who wrote the book on carb-loading. 1241 00:58:03,614 --> 00:58:05,516 - So the first four chapters are all 1242 00:58:05,516 --> 00:58:07,117 on high carbohydrate diets 1243 00:58:07,117 --> 00:58:09,820 and how the most important determinant of your success 1244 00:58:09,820 --> 00:58:13,422 in running is how much carbohydrates you're eating. 1245 00:58:13,422 --> 00:58:16,960 So I promoted this and all the time while I was writing 1246 00:58:16,960 --> 00:58:19,028 this I was getting fatter, less healthy 1247 00:58:19,028 --> 00:58:22,567 and my running was getting slower and slower and slower, 1248 00:58:22,567 --> 00:58:25,635 to the point where I was really hating running. 1249 00:58:25,635 --> 00:58:27,737 - [Dr. Mark] Even though they were exercising a lot more 1250 00:58:27,737 --> 00:58:31,307 than most people, both men suffered from their low-fat, 1251 00:58:31,307 --> 00:58:32,677 high-carb diets. 1252 00:58:32,677 --> 00:58:34,811 - I started to put on a little bit of weight 1253 00:58:34,811 --> 00:58:36,045 and I never used to weigh myself 1254 00:58:36,045 --> 00:58:38,282 because I was always a runner, I was fine. 1255 00:58:39,717 --> 00:58:41,985 And I got on the scale and I was like 35 pounds overweight. 1256 00:58:41,985 --> 00:58:43,820 I thought the scale was broken. 1257 00:58:43,820 --> 00:58:45,989 - And then, much more interestingly, 1258 00:58:45,989 --> 00:58:48,291 I discovered I had type 2 diabetes, 1259 00:58:48,291 --> 00:58:50,293 which was predictable 'cause my dad had died 1260 00:58:50,293 --> 00:58:53,262 from the disease and my dad took 10 years to die 1261 00:58:53,262 --> 00:58:56,199 and I figured, I've got ten years to sort this problem out. 1262 00:58:56,199 --> 00:58:58,168 - Both Tim and Doug decided to break 1263 00:58:58,168 --> 00:59:01,137 with convention and try a low-carb diet. 1264 00:59:01,137 --> 00:59:03,873 They cut carbs to less than 20 grams a day, 1265 00:59:03,873 --> 00:59:05,375 ate moderate amounts of protein 1266 00:59:05,375 --> 00:59:09,980 and began eating 70% to 80% of daily calories as fat. 1267 00:59:09,980 --> 00:59:12,650 Nutrition is actually pretty simple, 1268 00:59:12,650 --> 00:59:15,719 your body needs protein and protein comes first, 1269 00:59:15,719 --> 00:59:17,722 that's essential, but then you can choose 1270 00:59:17,722 --> 00:59:19,623 to run your body on carbohydrates, 1271 00:59:19,623 --> 00:59:23,793 including sugars and starches or fats and it's your choice. 1272 00:59:23,793 --> 00:59:26,396 If you quit eating carbs, sugars, and starches, 1273 00:59:26,396 --> 00:59:30,300 your body is forced to use an alternative fuel source, fat. 1274 00:59:30,300 --> 00:59:33,704 Burning fat produces substances called ketones 1275 00:59:33,704 --> 00:59:36,405 that provide all the energy you need to fuel your body 1276 00:59:36,405 --> 00:59:37,907 and your brain. 1277 00:59:37,907 --> 00:59:39,143 That's why the low-carb, 1278 00:59:39,143 --> 00:59:41,679 high-fat diet has been given the name keto. 1279 00:59:42,713 --> 00:59:44,181 For most of human history, 1280 00:59:44,181 --> 00:59:46,784 there has been very little sugar or starches in the diet. 1281 00:59:46,784 --> 00:59:49,786 In fact, if you put all of human history in one year, 1282 00:59:49,786 --> 00:59:51,221 it's only in the last day 1283 00:59:51,221 --> 00:59:53,123 that people started eating grains or bread 1284 00:59:53,123 --> 00:59:55,492 and it's only in the last hour 1285 00:59:55,492 --> 00:59:57,494 that people have been eating sugar. 1286 00:59:57,494 --> 01:00:00,998 - In fact we know that keeping people in ketosis, 1287 01:00:00,998 --> 01:00:05,469 keeping the carbs very low may actually be the preferred way 1288 01:00:05,469 --> 01:00:07,471 for people to be. 1289 01:00:07,471 --> 01:00:09,706 - Eventually, I dropped right down 44 pounds 1290 01:00:09,706 --> 01:00:12,009 and I went back to my weight that I had 1291 01:00:12,009 --> 01:00:15,579 when I was running in 1972. 1292 01:00:15,579 --> 01:00:17,414 And I'm glad to say, after seven years, 1293 01:00:17,414 --> 01:00:20,751 my blood glucose control is as good as it could be expected 1294 01:00:20,751 --> 01:00:23,820 for someone of my age of 69. 1295 01:00:23,820 --> 01:00:28,324 I'm not completely normal, but I'm 99% normal. 1296 01:00:28,324 --> 01:00:30,927 - [Dr. Mark] Tim famously tore out the pages on carb-loading 1297 01:00:30,927 --> 01:00:32,697 from his "Lore of Running" book 1298 01:00:32,697 --> 01:00:35,099 and promotes ketogenic diets for athletes. 1299 01:00:36,465 --> 01:00:38,001 - [Doug Reynolds] Two, three weeks after I started 1300 01:00:38,001 --> 01:00:39,836 on this keto diet, I was jumping out of bed 1301 01:00:39,836 --> 01:00:42,739 and going for a run in the morning and enjoying it. 1302 01:00:42,739 --> 01:00:46,409 It's just been the most amazing transformation in my life. 1303 01:00:47,811 --> 01:00:49,246 - [Dr. Mark] Doug started own company called, 1304 01:00:49,246 --> 01:00:53,550 LowCarbUSA, dedicated to education and nutrition support. 1305 01:00:53,550 --> 01:00:58,288 His logo, our nation's food pyramid turned upside down. 1306 01:00:58,288 --> 01:01:02,291 - Well, yeah, the whole idea was that the reason we're 1307 01:01:02,291 --> 01:01:06,262 in this terrible metabolic dilemma in this country 1308 01:01:06,262 --> 01:01:08,364 is because of the food pyramid. 1309 01:01:08,364 --> 01:01:12,469 What we are advocating is pretty much 180 degrees opposite 1310 01:01:12,469 --> 01:01:14,670 to what the food pyramid tries to teach. 1311 01:01:16,106 --> 01:01:18,809 - We now understand that our bodies, 1312 01:01:18,809 --> 01:01:20,811 even the bodies of elite athletes, 1313 01:01:20,811 --> 01:01:23,347 don't need carbohydrates to survive. 1314 01:01:23,347 --> 01:01:26,382 We can convert fat into ketones for fuel, 1315 01:01:26,382 --> 01:01:27,918 but early nutrition scientists 1316 01:01:27,918 --> 01:01:30,788 did not understand nutritional ketosis. 1317 01:01:30,788 --> 01:01:33,023 Scientists simply thought that since fat 1318 01:01:33,023 --> 01:01:35,092 has nine calories per gram, while protein 1319 01:01:35,092 --> 01:01:37,762 and carbs have only four calories per gram, 1320 01:01:37,762 --> 01:01:39,864 we should just cut back on fat 1321 01:01:39,864 --> 01:01:42,699 to lower our calorie consumption and lose weight. 1322 01:01:42,699 --> 01:01:46,804 - I met with people who helped with the initial guidelines 1323 01:01:46,804 --> 01:01:48,806 and they were well-intentioned, 1324 01:01:48,806 --> 01:01:53,777 they reasoned that because calories lead to obesity, 1325 01:01:55,278 --> 01:01:57,882 reduce the food that has the most calories which is fat. 1326 01:01:59,083 --> 01:02:01,085 - We've been counting calories ever since 1327 01:02:01,085 --> 01:02:05,222 in every way imaginable, on food labels, in menus, 1328 01:02:05,222 --> 01:02:09,827 online and in apps, and lately even on our bodies. 1329 01:02:09,827 --> 01:02:12,695 For years we've been told this is a simple equation. 1330 01:02:12,695 --> 01:02:15,800 If we can just balance the number of calories we consume 1331 01:02:15,800 --> 01:02:17,701 against the number of calories we burn, 1332 01:02:17,701 --> 01:02:19,903 the Calories In versus Calories Out, 1333 01:02:19,903 --> 01:02:21,972 our weight will stay in balance, 1334 01:02:21,972 --> 01:02:24,307 everything on the level, right? 1335 01:02:24,307 --> 01:02:25,976 Actually, not so right. 1336 01:02:27,043 --> 01:02:29,045 - The Calories In/Calories Out model 1337 01:02:29,045 --> 01:02:34,050 is fundamentally flawed, because the body doesn't account 1338 01:02:34,818 --> 01:02:37,721 for the fat that way. 1339 01:02:37,721 --> 01:02:39,956 That's not how we gain fat. 1340 01:02:39,956 --> 01:02:42,793 - It's not a physics problem, it's a biology problem, 1341 01:02:42,793 --> 01:02:44,929 it's a physiology problem. 1342 01:02:44,929 --> 01:02:46,896 - The alternative theory is called 1343 01:02:46,896 --> 01:02:50,500 the Carbohydrate-Insulin Hypothesis of weight gain. 1344 01:02:50,500 --> 01:02:52,568 Remember how carbohydrates raise blood sugar 1345 01:02:52,568 --> 01:02:54,003 but fat doesn't? 1346 01:02:54,003 --> 01:02:57,206 That's the key to the insulin-carbohydrate hypothesis. 1347 01:02:57,206 --> 01:02:58,474 - It's really not that hard to understand, 1348 01:02:58,474 --> 01:03:02,211 so if you take 100 calories of brownies 1349 01:03:02,211 --> 01:03:07,217 and 100 calories of salmon, and you eat the two, 1350 01:03:08,617 --> 01:03:12,489 all the insulin hypothesis says is that one food is going 1351 01:03:13,657 --> 01:03:15,525 to raise insulin a lot, the other food is not. 1352 01:03:15,525 --> 01:03:18,295 So we know that as soon as you put those foods 1353 01:03:18,295 --> 01:03:21,097 in your mouth, the hormonal effect 1354 01:03:21,097 --> 01:03:25,469 of those foods is completely and utterly different. 1355 01:03:25,469 --> 01:03:28,304 - So we really need to pay attention to hormones, 1356 01:03:28,304 --> 01:03:31,240 at least as much if not more, than calories. 1357 01:03:31,240 --> 01:03:33,277 So, what raises insulin? 1358 01:03:33,277 --> 01:03:35,980 Well, carbohydrates number one with a bullet. 1359 01:03:35,980 --> 01:03:39,083 It's like in real estate, location, location, location. 1360 01:03:39,083 --> 01:03:41,818 With insulin, it's carbohydrate, carbohydrate, carbohydrate. 1361 01:03:41,818 --> 01:03:44,054 Protein is a distant second, 1362 01:03:44,054 --> 01:03:45,621 so protein can raise insulin as well. 1363 01:03:45,621 --> 01:03:47,958 You know what doesn't raise it at all? 1364 01:03:47,958 --> 01:03:48,791 Fat. 1365 01:03:48,791 --> 01:03:50,059 Zero, not a drop. 1366 01:03:50,059 --> 01:03:51,561 Doesn't move the needle. 1367 01:03:51,561 --> 01:03:55,331 So what is the irony of us telling people to eat a diet 1368 01:03:55,331 --> 01:03:57,601 that is absent of the one macronutrient 1369 01:03:57,601 --> 01:04:00,971 that has no effect on the fat storage hormone? 1370 01:04:00,971 --> 01:04:03,974 It's total sheer madness. 1371 01:04:03,974 --> 01:04:07,510 - Insulin essentially acts as a lock 1372 01:04:07,510 --> 01:04:11,081 that gets clamped down on all of our fat stores 1373 01:04:11,081 --> 01:04:16,085 and prevents us from using our stored fat as energy. 1374 01:04:17,387 --> 01:04:19,588 But, when we restrict carbohydrates 1375 01:04:19,588 --> 01:04:22,492 and we can therefore bring the insulin levels down, 1376 01:04:22,492 --> 01:04:26,663 the locks come off, and all of sudden we have access 1377 01:04:26,663 --> 01:04:30,833 to all of our fat stores for energy. 1378 01:04:30,833 --> 01:04:34,637 - [Dr. Mark] That's right, insulin is a fat storage hormone. 1379 01:04:34,637 --> 01:04:37,041 Lower insulin by cutting out sugar and carbs 1380 01:04:37,041 --> 01:04:39,909 and the weight comes off or never comes on 1381 01:04:39,909 --> 01:04:41,177 in the first place. 1382 01:04:41,177 --> 01:04:42,947 - We tell patients to think of their body 1383 01:04:42,947 --> 01:04:47,451 as a bowl of sugar, so over time, that bowl fills up. 1384 01:04:47,451 --> 01:04:50,887 If you're eating a lot of processed foods and sugar 1385 01:04:50,887 --> 01:04:54,757 and so on, that bowl fills up, and eventually that sugar, 1386 01:04:54,757 --> 01:04:56,659 as you add more sugar in, spills out, 1387 01:04:56,659 --> 01:04:58,762 and that's what Type 2 Diabetes is. 1388 01:04:58,762 --> 01:05:00,364 Your cells can't hold anymore sugar, 1389 01:05:00,364 --> 01:05:02,766 it simply spills out into the blood. 1390 01:05:02,766 --> 01:05:05,302 The wrong thing to do is to take the insulin 1391 01:05:05,302 --> 01:05:08,472 and keep cramming that sugar back into the body, 1392 01:05:08,472 --> 01:05:12,041 the body takes it, takes it, takes it until it rots. 1393 01:05:13,342 --> 01:05:16,012 It would be much smarter to simply say, 1394 01:05:16,012 --> 01:05:20,016 hey, I have too much sugar, let me just burn it all off 1395 01:05:20,016 --> 01:05:23,152 by intermittent fasting, or not putting anymore sugar in. 1396 01:05:23,152 --> 01:05:25,554 A low-carbohydrate diet, and guess what? 1397 01:05:25,554 --> 01:05:29,726 It works exactly as you would expect it to work. 1398 01:05:29,726 --> 01:05:33,297 - I've been using the keto diet for about 13 years 1399 01:05:33,297 --> 01:05:35,931 in a university clinical practice 1400 01:05:35,931 --> 01:05:40,869 and the results in treating diabetes are quite remarkable. 1401 01:05:40,869 --> 01:05:45,875 I've had some people get off insulin within just a few days 1402 01:05:47,010 --> 01:05:48,378 of changing from eating carbohydrates 1403 01:05:48,378 --> 01:05:50,514 to not eating carbohydrates. 1404 01:05:50,514 --> 01:05:53,650 I think my record that I can recall is I took someone 1405 01:05:53,650 --> 01:05:58,288 off 180 units of insulin a day in just two days. 1406 01:06:01,190 --> 01:06:02,891 - Well, come on in and take a seat. 1407 01:06:02,891 --> 01:06:04,393 - Sure. 1408 01:06:04,393 --> 01:06:07,331 - If Judi were to have walked into my office ten years ago 1409 01:06:07,331 --> 01:06:10,367 when I started, I would have thought, I can help you. 1410 01:06:10,367 --> 01:06:14,070 You just need to eat less, you need to exercise more, 1411 01:06:14,070 --> 01:06:16,505 we need to start measuring your food, you can do this, 1412 01:06:16,505 --> 01:06:18,007 I believe in you. 1413 01:06:18,007 --> 01:06:19,476 And I thought that to be true. 1414 01:06:19,476 --> 01:06:21,077 Why don't you go ahead and get your blood sugar meter out 1415 01:06:21,077 --> 01:06:22,311 for me too. 1416 01:06:22,311 --> 01:06:23,280 - Okay. 1417 01:06:23,280 --> 01:06:24,813 - Take a look at that. 1418 01:06:24,813 --> 01:06:28,184 - Over the course of the following five years, 1419 01:06:28,184 --> 01:06:30,119 I realized it wasn't working, 1420 01:06:30,119 --> 01:06:35,125 and either no one was following my advice 1421 01:06:35,992 --> 01:06:37,161 or I was giving terrible advice. 1422 01:06:37,161 --> 01:06:38,827 - I've been writing down each day. 1423 01:06:38,827 --> 01:06:41,097 - Thankfully Judi didn't come into my office 10 years ago, 1424 01:06:41,097 --> 01:06:42,798 she came into my office this year. 1425 01:06:43,666 --> 01:06:46,235 And I was able to offer hope, 1426 01:06:46,235 --> 01:06:48,704 I was able to offer an opportunity. 1427 01:06:48,704 --> 01:06:51,041 I knew that she could be successful 1428 01:06:51,041 --> 01:06:53,043 and success wasn't just measured on a scale, 1429 01:06:53,043 --> 01:06:56,746 it was measured with blood sugar reduction, 1430 01:06:56,746 --> 01:06:59,315 insulin reduction, anti-inflammatory markers, 1431 01:06:59,315 --> 01:07:02,885 blood pressure as well as insulin. 1432 01:07:02,885 --> 01:07:04,054 Looks like you did an awesome job. 1433 01:07:04,054 --> 01:07:05,588 - Yeah. 1434 01:07:05,588 --> 01:07:09,259 - And you are down 12 pounds since our last visit, yeah. 1435 01:07:09,259 --> 01:07:11,661 - I can report that this is the second week 1436 01:07:11,661 --> 01:07:16,166 and I have normal blood sugars now in the morning. 1437 01:07:16,166 --> 01:07:21,170 I'm still doing my injectables, but it's gotten leveled. 1438 01:07:22,306 --> 01:07:24,708 It's leveled and I know that I'm in ketosis 1439 01:07:24,708 --> 01:07:27,143 and the weight is starting to drop off. 1440 01:07:27,143 --> 01:07:28,711 - What was the dose you were taking 1441 01:07:28,711 --> 01:07:29,978 when you walked out of the door? 1442 01:07:29,978 --> 01:07:30,947 - It was 120 units. 1443 01:07:30,947 --> 01:07:31,780 - Okay. 1444 01:07:31,780 --> 01:07:34,050 - And now I'm doing 100. 1445 01:07:34,050 --> 01:07:36,719 - [Dr. Mark] In just two weeks on a ketogenic diet, 1446 01:07:36,719 --> 01:07:41,724 Judi has cut her blood sugar in half and lost 12 pounds. 1447 01:07:43,092 --> 01:07:44,793 Changing her nutrition has done more to improve her health 1448 01:07:44,793 --> 01:07:47,197 than any medication ever did. 1449 01:07:47,197 --> 01:07:48,797 - The difference is more fat 1450 01:07:48,797 --> 01:07:51,400 and that gives a lot more energy. 1451 01:07:51,400 --> 01:07:53,936 - It's amazing, I'm happy I come to work again 1452 01:07:53,936 --> 01:07:56,505 and there was really a time when I thought, I have to quit. 1453 01:07:56,505 --> 01:07:58,442 I can't do this, this is miserable. 1454 01:07:58,442 --> 01:08:01,545 It's hopeless, diabetes is a hopeless disease. 1455 01:08:01,545 --> 01:08:04,248 And I felt that way, I really truly felt that way 1456 01:08:04,248 --> 01:08:06,250 and I knew that there had to be another answer, 1457 01:08:06,250 --> 01:08:08,184 and I don't feel that way anymore. 1458 01:08:08,184 --> 01:08:10,887 - In results from more than 50 controlled clinical trials 1459 01:08:10,887 --> 01:08:13,856 comparing high-fat and low-fat diets for weight loss, 1460 01:08:13,856 --> 01:08:16,592 the high-fat diets won every time. 1461 01:08:16,592 --> 01:08:19,529 The higher the fat, the higher the weight loss. 1462 01:08:19,529 --> 01:08:22,332 That's because eating fat speeds up your metabolism 1463 01:08:22,332 --> 01:08:24,368 and helps you burn body fat. 1464 01:08:24,368 --> 01:08:27,503 Carbs slow down your metabolism and cause weight gain. 1465 01:08:30,774 --> 01:08:34,743 It's week two of our nutrition experiment, this time, 1466 01:08:34,743 --> 01:08:36,779 it's the low-fat diet. 1467 01:08:36,779 --> 01:08:41,784 - So today's breakfast was oatmeal with raisins 1468 01:08:42,685 --> 01:08:44,854 and brown sugar. 1469 01:08:44,854 --> 01:08:45,788 (computer typing) 1470 01:08:45,788 --> 01:08:47,291 - [Dr. Mark] We're following 1471 01:08:47,291 --> 01:08:50,694 a USDA MyPlate 2000 calorie a day meal plan downloaded 1472 01:08:50,694 --> 01:08:52,828 from a the USDA website. 1473 01:08:52,828 --> 01:08:54,530 - Do you have a leaner ham? 1474 01:08:54,530 --> 01:08:58,001 - [Dr. Mark] It calls for low-fat meats, non-fat dairy, 1475 01:08:58,001 --> 01:09:00,936 including non-fat sugar-sweetened chocolate milk 1476 01:09:00,936 --> 01:09:04,039 and plenty of carbohydrates, things like lasagna, 1477 01:09:04,039 --> 01:09:06,510 bread and even pizza. 1478 01:09:06,510 --> 01:09:07,476 - This looks like stuff you would take 1479 01:09:07,476 --> 01:09:10,346 to a college dorm, right? 1480 01:09:12,515 --> 01:09:15,952 - [Dr. Mark] This is what our government says we should eat. 1481 01:09:15,952 --> 01:09:17,686 - We have some shredded wheat here, 1482 01:09:19,288 --> 01:09:22,326 and then half cup of sliced banana, 1483 01:09:23,659 --> 01:09:28,664 and half a cup of fat free milk, then toast 1484 01:09:30,567 --> 01:09:34,203 and one cup of chocolate milk, fat free. 1485 01:09:34,203 --> 01:09:37,474 - [Dr. Mark] This breakfast alone contains 150 grams 1486 01:09:37,474 --> 01:09:40,810 of carbohydrates and 50 grams of sugar. 1487 01:09:40,810 --> 01:09:44,680 - [Cynthia] Two teaspoons of jelly. 1488 01:09:44,680 --> 01:09:47,115 - Instead of eating bacon and eggs in the morning, 1489 01:09:47,115 --> 01:09:50,819 which keeps you full until well past lunch for example, 1490 01:09:50,819 --> 01:09:54,423 now you're eating a couple of slices of bread and jam, 1491 01:09:54,423 --> 01:09:57,426 and of course, by the time you metabolize it, 1492 01:09:57,426 --> 01:10:00,128 the sugar goes way up, and then it goes way down. 1493 01:10:00,128 --> 01:10:02,798 At 10:30, you're looking for a low-fat muffin. 1494 01:10:02,798 --> 01:10:07,804 - Day one of the new diet has begun and I have to admit, 1495 01:10:07,804 --> 01:10:12,175 I'm not liking it hungry all day. 1496 01:10:12,175 --> 01:10:14,511 - Instead of eating three meals a day, 1497 01:10:14,511 --> 01:10:19,148 which is a standard since in the '60s, '50s, '60s, '70s, 1498 01:10:19,148 --> 01:10:21,184 now all of a sudden, people are getting hungry, 1499 01:10:21,184 --> 01:10:24,720 like ravenous at 10:30, and they're saying, 1500 01:10:24,720 --> 01:10:26,555 oh, yeah, I need to eat six times a day. 1501 01:10:26,555 --> 01:10:29,292 - Today I was hungry again so I needed the snack, 1502 01:10:29,292 --> 01:10:32,028 and I also got really tired after the meal. 1503 01:10:32,028 --> 01:10:35,131 - So not only are you eating foods that stimulate a lot 1504 01:10:35,131 --> 01:10:37,266 of insulin, you're doing it constantly, 1505 01:10:37,266 --> 01:10:40,537 six times a day versus three times a day, and it's like, 1506 01:10:40,537 --> 01:10:42,171 well, what's gonna happen? 1507 01:10:42,171 --> 01:10:45,375 - Lunch was a ham sandwich with some mayo, 1508 01:10:45,375 --> 01:10:50,346 some grapes, the milk and I went off the chart, 1509 01:10:51,847 --> 01:10:54,884 I went over 200 and it just kept going up and up and up 1510 01:10:54,884 --> 01:10:58,887 and up and up and up and up and then it hit over 200, 206, 1511 01:10:58,887 --> 01:11:00,356 I think was it. 1512 01:11:00,356 --> 01:11:02,458 Then it started coming down, that was crazy to me. 1513 01:11:02,458 --> 01:11:04,060 And it was almost a little scary. 1514 01:11:04,060 --> 01:11:05,662 - It's a recipe for diabetes, 1515 01:11:05,662 --> 01:11:09,599 how long is it gonna be before everybody becomes diabetic? 1516 01:11:09,599 --> 01:11:12,402 Because that's the outcome of that advice. 1517 01:11:12,402 --> 01:11:16,305 - I never got even close to that last week, not even close. 1518 01:11:16,305 --> 01:11:19,576 So it's gonna be an interesting week and, gosh, 1519 01:11:21,511 --> 01:11:24,314 I hope I last all week, I'm not kidding. 1520 01:11:25,748 --> 01:11:29,752 - Hi, this is Cynthia, fifth day on the low-fat diet. 1521 01:11:30,953 --> 01:11:33,457 It is barely 12:00 but I'm hungry 1522 01:11:33,457 --> 01:11:35,123 so I'm digging into my lunch. 1523 01:11:35,123 --> 01:11:40,128 I'm hungry again, so I will dig into my daily snack. 1524 01:11:40,128 --> 01:11:42,265 Last week I was barely hungry at 2:00 1525 01:11:42,265 --> 01:11:46,502 and now I am very hungry so I will eat. 1526 01:11:46,502 --> 01:11:47,737 - I was hungry the entire time. 1527 01:11:47,737 --> 01:11:51,239 I would eat, I would feel good for about 30, 1528 01:11:51,239 --> 01:11:56,112 40 minutes and then I would start just feeling hungry. 1529 01:11:56,112 --> 01:11:57,713 - [Cynthia] I definitely liked last week. 1530 01:11:57,713 --> 01:11:58,981 - [Dr. Mark] When you compare the flat 1531 01:11:58,981 --> 01:12:01,250 and steady blood sugars from the high-fat week 1532 01:12:01,250 --> 01:12:04,020 to the rollercoaster readings from this low-fat week, 1533 01:12:04,020 --> 01:12:06,122 it's hard to believe that our government thinks 1534 01:12:06,122 --> 01:12:07,724 this is good for us. 1535 01:12:07,724 --> 01:12:12,395 - USDA put together a guideline that seems to me was really 1536 01:12:12,395 --> 01:12:15,131 to market the food that America makes. 1537 01:12:15,131 --> 01:12:16,600 It wasn't based on health. 1538 01:12:16,600 --> 01:12:19,335 - The dietary guidelines are not guidelines, 1539 01:12:19,335 --> 01:12:21,970 the dietary guidelines are guidance. 1540 01:12:23,171 --> 01:12:25,007 They're guidance for the food industry to be able 1541 01:12:25,007 --> 01:12:25,975 to sell food. 1542 01:12:27,176 --> 01:12:28,712 They have nothing to do with health. 1543 01:12:30,179 --> 01:12:32,515 And the fact that the USDA is in charge of our health 1544 01:12:32,515 --> 01:12:33,817 is already a problem. 1545 01:12:35,217 --> 01:12:36,819 - The USDA when it was founded had two mandates, 1546 01:12:36,819 --> 01:12:37,654 not one, two. 1547 01:12:38,822 --> 01:12:42,024 Mandate number one, was to provide information 1548 01:12:42,024 --> 01:12:44,292 to the American public about healthy eating. 1549 01:12:45,462 --> 01:12:48,497 Mandate number two, was to support, encourage 1550 01:12:48,497 --> 01:12:52,167 and grow the American agricultural industry. 1551 01:12:52,167 --> 01:12:57,140 Those two mandates are not always congruent with one another 1552 01:12:58,373 --> 01:12:59,908 because if you were really being honest 1553 01:12:59,908 --> 01:13:02,945 with the American people you would say, wheat, corn, sugar 1554 01:13:02,945 --> 01:13:05,614 and soy are not health foods. 1555 01:13:05,614 --> 01:13:08,652 And if you're congruent with the other mandate 1556 01:13:08,652 --> 01:13:11,253 of the USDA which is to support and encourage 1557 01:13:11,253 --> 01:13:14,189 and grow American agriculture, you ain't telling people 1558 01:13:14,189 --> 01:13:16,391 to not eat four of the five biggest crops 1559 01:13:16,391 --> 01:13:17,726 that are made in America. 1560 01:13:17,726 --> 01:13:20,195 So that's the contradiction 1561 01:13:20,195 --> 01:13:23,832 and that's why I don't think you're gonna see much change 1562 01:13:23,832 --> 01:13:25,835 in dietary recommendations. 1563 01:13:26,970 --> 01:13:28,572 - So Nick, tell me about your experiences 1564 01:13:28,572 --> 01:13:29,905 these past two weeks. 1565 01:13:29,905 --> 01:13:31,574 - So it's been really, really interesting. 1566 01:13:31,574 --> 01:13:32,775 - Yeah, so it was interesting. 1567 01:13:32,775 --> 01:13:34,610 - Well, it was really interesting. 1568 01:13:34,610 --> 01:13:38,814 - The low-carb, high-fat, 1569 01:13:38,814 --> 01:13:41,016 I had a really good experience with. 1570 01:13:41,016 --> 01:13:45,121 - I loved all the food, and I found it very easy. 1571 01:13:45,121 --> 01:13:47,591 - I like the high-fat a little better 1572 01:13:47,591 --> 01:13:49,158 because I felt more energetic. 1573 01:13:49,158 --> 01:13:54,096 - The following week on the low-fat, high-carb, 1574 01:13:54,096 --> 01:13:55,331 I was bonking. 1575 01:13:55,331 --> 01:13:57,900 I'd just be tired, maybe hungry is probably 1576 01:13:57,900 --> 01:13:59,435 the best word. 1577 01:13:59,435 --> 01:14:02,471 - Insulin is a big driver of carbohydrate craving 1578 01:14:02,471 --> 01:14:03,707 and hunger. 1579 01:14:03,707 --> 01:14:06,609 That hungry feeling that you mentioned is often 1580 01:14:06,609 --> 01:14:08,712 when someone's insulin levels are high 1581 01:14:08,712 --> 01:14:10,479 but their blood sugar is low. 1582 01:14:10,479 --> 01:14:12,981 It's that insulin rollercoaster we talked about 1583 01:14:12,981 --> 01:14:15,350 that you eat carbs, your insulin levels go up. 1584 01:14:15,350 --> 01:14:19,287 - And I got foggy during the high-carb week. 1585 01:14:19,287 --> 01:14:20,789 - A little groggy. 1586 01:14:20,789 --> 01:14:24,327 - I was even just saying things backwards and I noticed 1587 01:14:24,327 --> 01:14:28,965 that I wasn't clicking like I normally do. 1588 01:14:28,965 --> 01:14:30,466 - I'd love to see your graphs at some time, 1589 01:14:30,466 --> 01:14:31,667 kind of see the whole progression of them. 1590 01:14:31,667 --> 01:14:33,336 Do you have them with you? 1591 01:14:33,336 --> 01:14:34,970 - Yeah, sure. 1592 01:14:34,970 --> 01:14:36,271 Let me see here. 1593 01:14:36,271 --> 01:14:37,105 - [Dr. Mark] Just look at the difference 1594 01:14:37,105 --> 01:14:38,807 between the two diets. 1595 01:14:38,807 --> 01:14:41,711 Every one of our participants experiences similar reactions 1596 01:14:41,711 --> 01:14:44,412 to the low-carb versus low-fat diets. 1597 01:14:44,412 --> 01:14:45,314 - Wow, what a difference between the two weeks. 1598 01:14:45,314 --> 01:14:46,314 - Yeah, it's huge. 1599 01:14:46,314 --> 01:14:47,583 - Yeah. 1600 01:14:47,583 --> 01:14:49,918 - From the first week I was almost a flat line. 1601 01:14:49,918 --> 01:14:51,319 I was averaging 84. 1602 01:14:51,319 --> 01:14:52,555 - [Dr. Michelle] Much more stable. 1603 01:14:52,555 --> 01:14:54,957 - It was fascinating, it was really interesting 1604 01:14:54,957 --> 01:14:56,425 being a part of this. 1605 01:14:56,425 --> 01:14:59,295 - I'm really excited about this changing my life. 1606 01:14:59,295 --> 01:15:00,229 - It's cool to see. 1607 01:15:01,396 --> 01:15:04,801 - For many people, fat is a superfood. 1608 01:15:04,801 --> 01:15:07,537 Not only does it help you feel full and lose weight, 1609 01:15:07,537 --> 01:15:09,773 your body uses it as the building blocks 1610 01:15:09,773 --> 01:15:13,109 for cellular membranes and fat makes up the myelin sheath 1611 01:15:13,109 --> 01:15:16,279 that forms around our nerves and allows electrical impulses 1612 01:15:16,279 --> 01:15:18,847 to transmit quickly and efficiently. 1613 01:15:18,847 --> 01:15:21,516 Fat makes up more than half of our brain tissue. 1614 01:15:21,516 --> 01:15:23,920 Human breast milk is more than half fat, 1615 01:15:23,920 --> 01:15:26,689 much of which is saturated fat. 1616 01:15:26,689 --> 01:15:30,126 We need healthy fats to be healthy humans. 1617 01:15:30,126 --> 01:15:32,528 Unfortunately, what we've been told about 1618 01:15:32,528 --> 01:15:35,599 which fats are good for us and which fats are bad 1619 01:15:35,599 --> 01:15:37,567 is dead wrong. 1620 01:15:37,567 --> 01:15:41,069 - Everybody just thinks, oh, don't eat fat, don't eat fat, 1621 01:15:41,069 --> 01:15:42,838 and it's actually more tragic than that, 1622 01:15:42,838 --> 01:15:44,908 the story is actually much worse. 1623 01:15:44,908 --> 01:15:48,011 As people turned away from saturated fats, 1624 01:15:48,011 --> 01:15:51,614 like butter and animal fats, we were told to eat margarine. 1625 01:15:51,614 --> 01:15:56,619 * Yes I am the muffin man, now I am the butter man * 1626 01:15:58,421 --> 01:16:01,423 - [Narrator] Imperial, only our taste deserves the crown. 1627 01:16:01,423 --> 01:16:04,527 - It turns out, and this is what's so tragic about it, 1628 01:16:04,527 --> 01:16:06,930 it was deadly advice. 1629 01:16:06,930 --> 01:16:09,666 - Many doctors have recommended corn oil margarines 1630 01:16:09,666 --> 01:16:13,301 to help lower the saturated fat in a reduced fat diet. 1631 01:16:13,301 --> 01:16:17,340 - So if you remember margarine is vegetable oils, 1632 01:16:17,340 --> 01:16:21,210 and then they partially hydrogenate them to make them solid, 1633 01:16:21,210 --> 01:16:22,878 so they look like butter. 1634 01:16:22,878 --> 01:16:27,115 Partially hydrogenated fats are actually trans-fats. 1635 01:16:27,115 --> 01:16:30,252 - It's best to replace spreads high in saturated fats. 1636 01:16:30,252 --> 01:16:34,189 - So we went from eating natural foods and butter 1637 01:16:34,189 --> 01:16:39,194 to trans-fats, which we now know was super, super, 1638 01:16:40,063 --> 01:16:42,198 super deadly for heart attacks. 1639 01:16:42,198 --> 01:16:44,801 - For the family you love, serve delicious, 1640 01:16:44,801 --> 01:16:46,601 new Mazola margarine 1641 01:16:46,601 --> 01:16:49,572 and love it's light delicate flavor everyday. 1642 01:16:49,572 --> 01:16:53,542 - That is mind-blowing that we told people 1643 01:16:53,542 --> 01:16:57,613 to stop eating butter, and eat this poison instead, 1644 01:16:57,613 --> 01:17:00,817 and it would be good for you, and we all did it. 1645 01:17:00,817 --> 01:17:03,987 - This is Mazola, 100% corn oil margarine made 1646 01:17:03,987 --> 01:17:06,221 from 100% corn oil goodness. 1647 01:17:06,221 --> 01:17:07,489 - Well, there's really no doubt 1648 01:17:07,489 --> 01:17:09,192 that the American Heart Association endorsement 1649 01:17:09,192 --> 01:17:12,461 of vegetable oils was a great thing for that industry. 1650 01:17:13,863 --> 01:17:14,797 - [Narrator] This is Ralph Edwards 1651 01:17:14,797 --> 01:17:15,998 with "Truth or Consequences." 1652 01:17:15,998 --> 01:17:16,932 Congratulations on your fine entry statement 1653 01:17:16,932 --> 01:17:17,867 of why we should all support 1654 01:17:17,867 --> 01:17:19,402 the American Heart Association. 1655 01:17:19,402 --> 01:17:21,170 - [Dr. Mark] The American Heart Association started 1656 01:17:21,170 --> 01:17:23,840 in the 1920s as a sleepy little organization 1657 01:17:23,840 --> 01:17:26,109 that could barely keep its doors open. 1658 01:17:26,109 --> 01:17:28,344 But in 1948, Procter and Gamble, 1659 01:17:28,344 --> 01:17:30,578 the maker of Crisco was shortening, 1660 01:17:30,578 --> 01:17:35,451 staged a nation-wide fundraiser and the AHA hit the jackpot. 1661 01:17:35,451 --> 01:17:36,853 - [Narrator] To thank Jack Benny, 1662 01:17:36,853 --> 01:17:38,054 the American Heart Association has a million 1663 01:17:38,054 --> 01:17:39,488 and a half dollars there. 1664 01:17:39,488 --> 01:17:41,690 All right, Ralph Edwards saying, goodnight, everybody. 1665 01:17:41,690 --> 01:17:46,695 - Overnight, millions of dollars flowed into their coffers. 1666 01:17:47,896 --> 01:17:49,332 I mean, literally from one week to the next, 1667 01:17:49,332 --> 01:17:51,134 they started opening up chapters all over the country, 1668 01:17:51,134 --> 01:17:53,269 all thanks to Procter and Gamble. 1669 01:17:53,269 --> 01:17:55,371 - [Narrator] New Crisco oil stays blended longer, 1670 01:17:55,371 --> 01:17:56,972 makes salads taste great. 1671 01:17:56,972 --> 01:17:59,341 New Crisco oil blends better than other oils. 1672 01:17:59,341 --> 01:18:00,909 - [Dr. Mark] The American Heart Association 1673 01:18:00,909 --> 01:18:03,246 has endorsed vegetable oils ever since. 1674 01:18:03,246 --> 01:18:06,282 - It's not nice to fool mother nature. 1675 01:18:08,350 --> 01:18:12,055 - They then were able to publish advertisements saying, 1676 01:18:12,055 --> 01:18:14,556 lowers cholesterol, take this ad to your doctor 1677 01:18:14,556 --> 01:18:17,827 and get them to prescribe to you vegetable oils 1678 01:18:17,827 --> 01:18:19,095 for your health. 1679 01:18:19,095 --> 01:18:20,863 - Vegetable oils are a fascinating topic 1680 01:18:20,863 --> 01:18:24,632 because they've become labeled as heart-healthy 1681 01:18:24,632 --> 01:18:29,572 which drives me a little crazy because the label was granted 1682 01:18:29,572 --> 01:18:32,574 to them simply by lowering LDL cholesterol. 1683 01:18:32,574 --> 01:18:35,912 But, the broader question is, what else are they doing? 1684 01:18:35,912 --> 01:18:38,314 These are not real food products, 1685 01:18:38,314 --> 01:18:40,416 these are products made in factories. 1686 01:18:40,416 --> 01:18:43,252 These are products that require heat and chemicals 1687 01:18:43,252 --> 01:18:46,890 and high pressure to extract what little oil there is. 1688 01:18:46,890 --> 01:18:48,457 - [Dr. Mark] The heat and chemicals used 1689 01:18:48,457 --> 01:18:50,760 in the manufacturing process oxidizes 1690 01:18:50,760 --> 01:18:52,595 these delicate seed oils. 1691 01:18:52,595 --> 01:18:55,798 When you eat oxidized vegetable oils like soy, canola, 1692 01:18:55,798 --> 01:18:59,534 corn, safflower or sunflower, they create free radicals 1693 01:18:59,534 --> 01:19:01,970 throughout your body that are highly inflammatory 1694 01:19:01,970 --> 01:19:04,841 and known to cause heart disease and cancer. 1695 01:19:04,841 --> 01:19:07,176 - Why are we always trying to eat more antioxidants? 1696 01:19:07,176 --> 01:19:09,878 To combat free radicals like the ones found 1697 01:19:09,878 --> 01:19:11,814 in refined vegetable oils. 1698 01:19:11,814 --> 01:19:13,315 - And then they're used by restaurants 1699 01:19:13,315 --> 01:19:16,484 in the most carcinogenic way possible. 1700 01:19:16,484 --> 01:19:19,654 They heat them, reheat them, cool them off, heat them again 1701 01:19:19,654 --> 01:19:21,123 and use them for a week. 1702 01:19:21,123 --> 01:19:24,659 So switching to "vegetable oils," the seed oils, 1703 01:19:24,659 --> 01:19:27,930 was probably a terrible idea in the first place. 1704 01:19:27,930 --> 01:19:30,365 - [Dr. Mark] One researcher from the University of Minnesota 1705 01:19:30,365 --> 01:19:32,435 went to a variety of fast food restaurants 1706 01:19:32,435 --> 01:19:34,804 in her neighborhood and purchased french fries, 1707 01:19:34,804 --> 01:19:37,841 and then took them back to her lab for testing. 1708 01:19:37,841 --> 01:19:40,708 She found numerous compounds of toxic aldehydes 1709 01:19:40,708 --> 01:19:41,944 in the fries. 1710 01:19:41,944 --> 01:19:44,680 Aldehydes are known to cause gene mutation, 1711 01:19:44,680 --> 01:19:48,451 alter RNA and DNA, and trigger massive inflammation 1712 01:19:48,451 --> 01:19:49,618 in the body. 1713 01:19:49,618 --> 01:19:51,753 - Vegetable oil is highly toxic and anyone 1714 01:19:51,753 --> 01:19:54,657 who advises people to eat vegetable oils 1715 01:19:54,657 --> 01:19:56,993 is also giving misinformation. 1716 01:19:56,993 --> 01:20:00,095 - I tell my clients to avoid the industrial seed oils 1717 01:20:00,095 --> 01:20:01,363 as much as possible. 1718 01:20:02,797 --> 01:20:05,333 - [Dr. Mark] Vegetable oils belong in the engines of cars, 1719 01:20:05,333 --> 01:20:06,635 not in your food. 1720 01:20:08,938 --> 01:20:11,506 Refined vegetable oils are one more reason 1721 01:20:11,506 --> 01:20:14,143 you should avoid fast food and processed foods. 1722 01:20:14,143 --> 01:20:16,011 If it comes in a bottle or a box, 1723 01:20:16,011 --> 01:20:18,713 it probably contains vegetable oils, 1724 01:20:18,713 --> 01:20:22,251 from crackers to cookies, mayonnaise to salad dressings, 1725 01:20:22,251 --> 01:20:24,921 baby food and even baby formula. 1726 01:20:24,921 --> 01:20:27,155 - They're not natural, they've been shown 1727 01:20:27,155 --> 01:20:30,092 to be pro-inflammatory and, in some studies like 1728 01:20:30,092 --> 01:20:31,760 the Minnesota Coronary Experiment, 1729 01:20:31,760 --> 01:20:34,963 the Sydney Diet Heart Study, they've shown that, yes, 1730 01:20:34,963 --> 01:20:37,432 they lower LDL but they actually do nothing 1731 01:20:37,432 --> 01:20:40,036 or they worsen all-cause mortality. 1732 01:20:44,039 --> 01:20:46,909 (historical music) 1733 01:20:51,413 --> 01:20:54,082 - The Minnesota Coronary Survey which took place 1734 01:20:54,082 --> 01:20:57,619 in the 1960s was the biggest ever test 1735 01:20:57,619 --> 01:20:59,755 of Ancel Keys' hypothesis. 1736 01:20:59,755 --> 01:21:03,426 - The Minnesota Coronary Experiment is a fascinating study 1737 01:21:03,426 --> 01:21:04,827 both from a science standpoint 1738 01:21:04,827 --> 01:21:07,262 and sort of a detective standpoint. 1739 01:21:07,262 --> 01:21:11,033 - So it took place in five Minnesota mental hospitals 1740 01:21:11,033 --> 01:21:13,036 which is a kind of experiment you can't do anymore 1741 01:21:13,036 --> 01:21:14,403 because it's considered unethical. 1742 01:21:14,403 --> 01:21:17,405 But, back then it has the benefit 1743 01:21:17,405 --> 01:21:19,408 of being highly controlled, which means 1744 01:21:19,408 --> 01:21:21,144 that you're feeding people all their food, 1745 01:21:21,144 --> 01:21:22,711 so you know what they're eating 1746 01:21:22,711 --> 01:21:25,547 and they can't get outside food, so they can't cheat. 1747 01:21:25,547 --> 01:21:27,815 - In the diet, they replaced saturated fat 1748 01:21:27,815 --> 01:21:30,552 with polyunsaturated fat, in intervention. 1749 01:21:30,552 --> 01:21:33,655 And the diet was similar in all the other nutrients 1750 01:21:33,655 --> 01:21:35,390 that they deemed to be important. 1751 01:21:35,390 --> 01:21:37,725 And what they found was that with the intervention, 1752 01:21:37,725 --> 01:21:39,494 cholesterol levels went down, 1753 01:21:39,494 --> 01:21:41,197 which is what you would expect, 1754 01:21:41,197 --> 01:21:44,632 but mortality actually trended up. 1755 01:21:44,632 --> 01:21:46,034 - Turned out that people 1756 01:21:46,034 --> 01:21:47,636 who were on the cholesterol lowering diet 1757 01:21:47,636 --> 01:21:50,372 had more heart disease and more deaths 1758 01:21:50,372 --> 01:21:51,806 than the people eating the controlled diet, 1759 01:21:51,806 --> 01:21:54,342 which was the exact opposite of what they wanted. 1760 01:21:54,342 --> 01:21:57,212 - So it did not support the diet-heart hypothesis. 1761 01:21:57,212 --> 01:21:59,082 - But they never published the results. 1762 01:21:59,082 --> 01:22:03,551 - If you do a very long study going into that study thinking 1763 01:22:03,551 --> 01:22:06,189 that you know what the end in mind is going to be 1764 01:22:06,189 --> 01:22:09,324 and then it isn't the end in mind, I can understand 1765 01:22:09,324 --> 01:22:10,893 that you don't wanna publish the results, 1766 01:22:10,893 --> 01:22:12,627 but it is scientific fraud. 1767 01:22:12,627 --> 01:22:15,363 - Yeah, that is totally unacceptable 1768 01:22:15,363 --> 01:22:17,000 to not publish your data like that. 1769 01:22:17,000 --> 01:22:21,003 - It wasn't published until decades later that a relative 1770 01:22:21,003 --> 01:22:25,173 of the author went digging for the results. 1771 01:22:25,173 --> 01:22:27,943 And this is the detective part that's kind of crazy, 1772 01:22:27,943 --> 01:22:29,979 that he had to go looking through the basements 1773 01:22:29,979 --> 01:22:33,948 to find these data and re-crunch the data and reanalyze it 1774 01:22:33,948 --> 01:22:36,019 and then bring it out to publish it to say, 1775 01:22:36,019 --> 01:22:40,488 "Hey, look, this diet higher in omega-6 oils, lowered ldl, 1776 01:22:40,488 --> 01:22:42,524 "but it increased cardiovascular risk 1777 01:22:42,524 --> 01:22:44,426 "and it increased mortality." 1778 01:22:44,426 --> 01:22:46,862 - When you are making recommendations 1779 01:22:46,862 --> 01:22:50,765 that are not evidence-based, and evidence comes out 1780 01:22:50,765 --> 01:22:55,171 that's contrary to those recommendations, wait a minute, 1781 01:22:55,171 --> 01:22:57,006 that's a problem, right? 1782 01:22:57,006 --> 01:23:01,109 And so what has been the standard approach to dealing 1783 01:23:01,109 --> 01:23:05,648 with that situation, which has come up a number of times? 1784 01:23:05,648 --> 01:23:07,783 Bury the new evidence. 1785 01:23:07,783 --> 01:23:09,618 And that's exactly what's happened, 1786 01:23:09,618 --> 01:23:11,386 and the Minnesota Coronary Study 1787 01:23:11,386 --> 01:23:13,788 is a perfect example of this. 1788 01:23:13,788 --> 01:23:15,390 - The heart foundation didn't come out and say, 1789 01:23:15,390 --> 01:23:16,792 sorry, we're wrong. 1790 01:23:16,792 --> 01:23:18,060 They just ignored it as if it didn't happen 1791 01:23:18,060 --> 01:23:20,828 and they continued to promote vegetable oils 1792 01:23:20,828 --> 01:23:22,631 and poly-unsaturated fats. 1793 01:23:22,631 --> 01:23:24,132 - If that had been published, 1794 01:23:24,132 --> 01:23:26,969 almost certainly what we eat today would be different. 1795 01:23:26,969 --> 01:23:28,871 - This is a reason for everyone 1796 01:23:28,871 --> 01:23:31,707 to be outraged beyond concern. 1797 01:23:33,542 --> 01:23:34,943 - Controlled clinical trials like 1798 01:23:34,943 --> 01:23:37,345 the Minnesota Coronary survey are considered 1799 01:23:37,345 --> 01:23:40,149 the gold standard of research, the type of experiment 1800 01:23:40,149 --> 01:23:42,518 where you can control every bite of food 1801 01:23:42,518 --> 01:23:45,421 and change just one thing, like swapping butter 1802 01:23:45,421 --> 01:23:49,957 for margarine to find out if it has an affect on our health. 1803 01:23:49,957 --> 01:23:52,627 But trials like these are expensive 1804 01:23:52,627 --> 01:23:55,530 and some even considered unethical. 1805 01:23:55,530 --> 01:23:58,867 Cheaper, observational trials are far more common. 1806 01:23:58,867 --> 01:23:59,935 - [Interviewer] How many times have you had oatmeal 1807 01:23:59,935 --> 01:24:00,769 in the last year? 1808 01:24:02,570 --> 01:24:04,407 - I have no clue. 1809 01:24:04,407 --> 01:24:05,740 - Oh my gosh. 1810 01:24:08,476 --> 01:24:10,313 (interviewee laughs) 1811 01:24:10,313 --> 01:24:12,014 - [Dr. Mark] Observational trials often rely 1812 01:24:12,014 --> 01:24:13,849 on food frequency questionnaires 1813 01:24:13,849 --> 01:24:16,585 that rely on people's memories 1814 01:24:16,585 --> 01:24:19,454 and people's memories aren't that great. 1815 01:24:19,454 --> 01:24:21,289 - [Interviewer] How many times have you had orange juice 1816 01:24:21,289 --> 01:24:22,190 in the last year? 1817 01:24:23,792 --> 01:24:25,194 - I wouldn't know a number. 1818 01:24:25,194 --> 01:24:26,194 - Last year? 1819 01:24:29,231 --> 01:24:33,034 - I'm gonna say... 1820 01:24:33,034 --> 01:24:37,706 - If I was to put a number on it, upwards of 20. 1821 01:24:37,706 --> 01:24:39,108 - [Interviewer] In the last year, 20 times? 1822 01:24:39,108 --> 01:24:40,708 - Oh yeah, yes. 1823 01:24:40,708 --> 01:24:41,909 - [Interviewer] So you think you've had it only 1824 01:24:41,909 --> 01:24:43,645 about two times a month? 1825 01:24:43,645 --> 01:24:45,581 - Oh, darn, yeah you're right. 1826 01:24:45,581 --> 01:24:47,983 - I have no idea how many ounces. 1827 01:24:47,983 --> 01:24:49,784 - Well, if I had to break it up into ounces, you know. 1828 01:24:49,784 --> 01:24:51,453 - Probably about the same as you, 1829 01:24:52,688 --> 01:24:53,721 I don't know how many ounces. 1830 01:24:53,721 --> 01:24:54,922 - See what I mean? 1831 01:24:54,922 --> 01:24:58,025 Observational trials generate unreliable data 1832 01:24:58,025 --> 01:25:00,729 and are the reason why nutrition recommendations 1833 01:25:00,729 --> 01:25:03,466 constantly flip and flop. 1834 01:25:03,466 --> 01:25:06,469 Setting nutritional food policy based on unreliable data 1835 01:25:06,469 --> 01:25:11,207 is largely what got us into this big fat mess. 1836 01:25:11,207 --> 01:25:13,242 - [Interviewer] How hard do you think it is to remember 1837 01:25:13,242 --> 01:25:14,210 what you ate? 1838 01:25:15,610 --> 01:25:20,182 - Impossible, unless you have some ridiculous ability 1839 01:25:21,317 --> 01:25:22,618 to remember everything which nobody does, 1840 01:25:22,618 --> 01:25:24,552 nobody remembers things accurately. 1841 01:25:29,591 --> 01:25:32,461 - [Dr. Mark] No one person may represent the antithesis 1842 01:25:32,461 --> 01:25:35,898 of the low-fat diet better than Dave Asprey. 1843 01:25:37,365 --> 01:25:41,002 His company, Bulletproof, has made a morning ritual out 1844 01:25:41,002 --> 01:25:44,472 of adding spoonfuls of fat to coffee. 1845 01:25:44,472 --> 01:25:47,243 - [Dave Asprey] You take from teaspoon to a tablespoon 1846 01:25:47,243 --> 01:25:49,177 of grass-fed butter. 1847 01:25:49,177 --> 01:25:51,213 - [Dr. Mark] Add to that a few more tablespoons 1848 01:25:51,213 --> 01:25:53,515 of purified coconut oil. 1849 01:25:53,515 --> 01:25:58,086 - And then, add your brewed black coffee and you blend it. 1850 01:26:02,925 --> 01:26:05,860 (blender whirring) 1851 01:26:09,497 --> 01:26:12,667 You can see, it looks an awful lot like a latte. 1852 01:26:12,667 --> 01:26:15,238 You drink this, you're just not hungry for hours and hours, 1853 01:26:15,238 --> 01:26:17,706 and you're energized in a way that you'll never get 1854 01:26:17,706 --> 01:26:19,173 from a piece of toast. 1855 01:26:19,173 --> 01:26:21,743 - [Dr. Mark] It was through his own discovery of a high-fat, 1856 01:26:21,743 --> 01:26:26,180 low-carb diet that Dave Asprey lost more than 100 pounds 1857 01:26:26,180 --> 01:26:29,016 and he's kept it off for 10 years. 1858 01:26:29,016 --> 01:26:32,387 - In 2004, after I lost a bunch of the weight I wanted 1859 01:26:32,387 --> 01:26:35,257 to lose, I decided to go to Tibet to learn meditation 1860 01:26:35,257 --> 01:26:36,824 from the masters. 1861 01:26:36,824 --> 01:26:41,363 And, at 18000 feet elevation in a very remote part of Tibet, 1862 01:26:41,363 --> 01:26:44,233 10 degrees below zero, 30 mile an hour winds, 1863 01:26:44,233 --> 01:26:46,368 and I'm feeling kind of wrecked, 'cause there's no air 1864 01:26:46,368 --> 01:26:47,569 and it's cold. 1865 01:26:47,569 --> 01:26:49,471 And this little Tibetan woman gave me a bowl 1866 01:26:49,471 --> 01:26:52,507 of yak butter tea, which is yak butter, mixed with tea, 1867 01:26:52,507 --> 01:26:53,975 and a pinch of salt. 1868 01:26:53,975 --> 01:26:55,243 All right, fine, I'm hungry. 1869 01:26:55,243 --> 01:26:57,813 I drank it, didn't taste great, didn't taste bad. 1870 01:26:57,813 --> 01:27:01,250 About a minute later, I feel really good. 1871 01:27:01,250 --> 01:27:03,519 In fact, I haven't felt this good in days. 1872 01:27:03,519 --> 01:27:05,020 What is happening? 1873 01:27:05,020 --> 01:27:06,288 And I wrote a little note in my journal, how could this be? 1874 01:27:06,288 --> 01:27:08,090 And that day, I had another 20 cups of it, 1875 01:27:08,090 --> 01:27:10,458 and I just felt like I got my life back. 1876 01:27:10,458 --> 01:27:11,993 - [Dr. Mark] Dave came back to the states 1877 01:27:11,993 --> 01:27:15,831 and adapted his yak butter tea experience to coffee. 1878 01:27:15,831 --> 01:27:18,132 Bulletproof is now a multi-million dollar company 1879 01:27:18,132 --> 01:27:21,136 which Dave operates alongside his small organic farm 1880 01:27:21,136 --> 01:27:24,372 where he grows grass-fed sheep and pigs. 1881 01:27:24,372 --> 01:27:25,440 - Hey, guys. 1882 01:27:25,440 --> 01:27:26,274 Hey, Riley. 1883 01:27:27,443 --> 01:27:28,743 - [Dr. Mark] Dave believes the quality 1884 01:27:28,743 --> 01:27:31,113 of the fats you consume is critical. 1885 01:27:31,113 --> 01:27:33,114 - If you're not sure whether fats are good or bad, 1886 01:27:33,114 --> 01:27:35,618 it's okay 'cause some fats are bad, and some fats are good. 1887 01:27:35,618 --> 01:27:37,185 No wonder it's confusing. 1888 01:27:37,185 --> 01:27:42,189 Short version: grass-fed butter, egg yolks, coconut oil, 1889 01:27:43,326 --> 01:27:46,929 avocados, olive oil, those are the good fats. 1890 01:27:46,929 --> 01:27:48,997 - [Dr. Mark] While there is much debate over the role played 1891 01:27:48,997 --> 01:27:51,500 by animal agriculture in climate change, 1892 01:27:51,500 --> 01:27:54,369 raising grass-fed animals on organic pastures 1893 01:27:54,369 --> 01:27:57,672 like Dave's actually helps capture carbon 1894 01:27:57,672 --> 01:28:00,775 and can be a sustainable piece of the climate solution. 1895 01:28:00,775 --> 01:28:02,944 - And the meat you eat must be higher quality 1896 01:28:02,944 --> 01:28:04,846 and guess what high quality animals make? 1897 01:28:04,846 --> 01:28:06,113 High quality poop. 1898 01:28:06,113 --> 01:28:07,282 Guess what high quality poop makes? 1899 01:28:07,282 --> 01:28:08,783 High quality vegetables. 1900 01:28:08,783 --> 01:28:11,153 The vegetables you're eating that don't come from farms 1901 01:28:11,153 --> 01:28:14,055 that look like this are vegetables devoid of nutrients. 1902 01:28:14,055 --> 01:28:16,958 And if we allow that to continue, there will be no topsoil. 1903 01:28:16,958 --> 01:28:19,561 This is how you make topsoil. 1904 01:28:19,561 --> 01:28:21,128 And the Tibetans figured out a long time ago, 1905 01:28:21,128 --> 01:28:23,097 saturated fat helps your brain. 1906 01:28:23,097 --> 01:28:24,899 They were using it for meditation, they were using it 1907 01:28:24,899 --> 01:28:28,069 to help their metabolism work in very harsh conditions 1908 01:28:28,069 --> 01:28:29,404 that are high stress. 1909 01:28:29,404 --> 01:28:31,474 So it's time to throw away the seed oils, 1910 01:28:31,474 --> 01:28:33,708 they are not fit for human consumption. 1911 01:28:33,708 --> 01:28:36,779 If you're eating bad fats, it's going to kill you. 1912 01:28:36,779 --> 01:28:38,713 And this is where the American Heart Association, 1913 01:28:38,713 --> 01:28:41,283 and the American Diabetes Association just got it wrong. 1914 01:28:41,283 --> 01:28:42,751 They told you to eat bad fats 1915 01:28:42,751 --> 01:28:44,252 because of industrial interests, 1916 01:28:44,252 --> 01:28:46,721 and it's time that we change that. 1917 01:28:46,721 --> 01:28:49,425 The science is very, very clear. 1918 01:28:49,425 --> 01:28:52,795 - So how much weight have you lost totally? 1919 01:28:52,795 --> 01:28:53,729 - I believe 30 pounds. 1920 01:28:53,729 --> 01:28:55,229 - That's great. 1921 01:28:55,229 --> 01:28:57,899 - Yeah, and my goal was 50 so I think it's very doable. 1922 01:28:57,899 --> 01:29:00,202 - And you're down another five pounds. 1923 01:29:00,202 --> 01:29:01,002 - I am? 1924 01:29:01,002 --> 01:29:01,837 - Yeah. 1925 01:29:03,171 --> 01:29:05,073 - [Dr. Mark] In two months, Judi has lost weight 1926 01:29:05,073 --> 01:29:09,144 and cut her insulin medications by 60%. 1927 01:29:09,144 --> 01:29:11,179 - I think you have to look inside yourself 1928 01:29:11,179 --> 01:29:15,850 and just determine that nobody is gonna take care 1929 01:29:15,850 --> 01:29:18,020 of you the way that you can. 1930 01:29:18,020 --> 01:29:21,890 I don't feel like anyone could go wrong 1931 01:29:21,890 --> 01:29:24,693 with making an attempt at this but you can not attempt it 1932 01:29:24,693 --> 01:29:25,961 for a week. 1933 01:29:25,961 --> 01:29:28,764 You have to set your mind and set yourself 1934 01:29:28,764 --> 01:29:33,167 to it for a period of time. 1935 01:29:33,167 --> 01:29:36,171 - [Dr. Mark] Judi is inspired by thousands of other patients 1936 01:29:36,171 --> 01:29:38,273 who have reversed their Type 2 Diabetes, 1937 01:29:38,273 --> 01:29:41,176 getting off all medications with a high-fat, 1938 01:29:41,176 --> 01:29:42,744 low-carb nutrition plan. 1939 01:29:42,744 --> 01:29:47,149 - We reversed my Type 2 Diabetes, after one month. 1940 01:29:47,149 --> 01:29:50,385 I couldn't be prouder, no more insulin injections for me, 1941 01:29:50,385 --> 01:29:52,555 and no more metformin, and even statins. 1942 01:29:52,555 --> 01:29:56,658 - I completely reversed my Type 2 Diabetes 1943 01:29:56,658 --> 01:30:00,662 in just three months and before I changed my diet, 1944 01:30:00,662 --> 01:30:02,698 I weighed 212 pounds. 1945 01:30:02,698 --> 01:30:07,536 Now I weigh 165 pounds and I take zero medications. 1946 01:30:07,536 --> 01:30:11,474 - Before I started, I weighed about 265 pounds. 1947 01:30:11,474 --> 01:30:13,708 I now weigh 130 pounds. 1948 01:30:13,708 --> 01:30:17,979 Now I can enjoy my family, I can do everything 1949 01:30:17,979 --> 01:30:20,148 that you should do to live a life. 1950 01:30:20,148 --> 01:30:22,784 It's just been a total change. 1951 01:30:22,784 --> 01:30:27,789 - I have seen so many individual transformative patients, 1952 01:30:29,356 --> 01:30:34,029 what an honor that is to share that journey with a patient. 1953 01:30:34,029 --> 01:30:38,332 - I feel like if a person just is determined 1954 01:30:38,332 --> 01:30:42,436 and sets their goals that there isn't anything you can't do. 1955 01:30:42,436 --> 01:30:44,506 You just have to decide that feeling good 1956 01:30:44,506 --> 01:30:47,175 and being healthy is more important than the things you used 1957 01:30:47,175 --> 01:30:48,610 to like to eat. 1958 01:30:48,610 --> 01:30:51,046 It isn't very long before your tastes change 1959 01:30:51,046 --> 01:30:52,213 and you really like it. 1960 01:30:56,184 --> 01:30:58,286 - When I first started exploring low-carb, 1961 01:30:58,286 --> 01:31:01,456 I tried to keep it very quiet because it had been 1962 01:31:01,456 --> 01:31:04,693 and maybe still is a very controversial subject. 1963 01:31:04,693 --> 01:31:07,662 In other countries, dietitians were losing their licensure 1964 01:31:07,662 --> 01:31:11,298 over practicing low-carb, let alone medical doctors as well. 1965 01:31:11,298 --> 01:31:14,603 - Professor Noakes, on a charge of unprofessional conduct, 1966 01:31:14,603 --> 01:31:18,506 the majority of this committee find you not guilty. 1967 01:31:18,506 --> 01:31:20,775 (audience applausing) 1968 01:31:20,775 --> 01:31:23,511 - [Dr. Mark] The controversy over low-carb may be slowly, 1969 01:31:23,511 --> 01:31:24,979 quietly, changing. 1970 01:31:24,979 --> 01:31:28,250 In the long, drawn out case of Doctor Tim Noakes, 1971 01:31:28,250 --> 01:31:30,953 the final ruling found in his favor. 1972 01:31:30,953 --> 01:31:33,220 - So as far as we're concerned, we made the point 1973 01:31:33,220 --> 01:31:35,289 that this diet is safe. 1974 01:31:35,289 --> 01:31:37,024 That's all we really set out to do. 1975 01:31:38,460 --> 01:31:41,496 - The low-carb, ketogenic diet is a low inflammation diet. 1976 01:31:41,496 --> 01:31:43,131 - [Dr. Mark] More and more brave practitioners 1977 01:31:43,131 --> 01:31:45,399 are going against the dietary guidelines 1978 01:31:45,399 --> 01:31:47,636 to help their patients find better health, 1979 01:31:47,636 --> 01:31:49,104 like Brian Lenzkes, 1980 01:31:49,104 --> 01:31:52,574 who also teaches low-carb nutrition classes at his church. 1981 01:31:52,574 --> 01:31:57,479 So far, Brian's congregation has lost more than 2000 pounds. 1982 01:31:57,479 --> 01:32:01,015 - Our results are in purple here, low-carb. 1983 01:32:01,015 --> 01:32:02,516 - [Dr. Mark] The two year findings 1984 01:32:02,516 --> 01:32:05,287 from Sarah Hallberg's clinical trial show that a low-carb, 1985 01:32:05,287 --> 01:32:07,590 high-fat diet is equally as effective 1986 01:32:07,590 --> 01:32:11,393 as bariatric surgery in reversing Type 2 Diabetes. 1987 01:32:11,393 --> 01:32:14,061 - So your assessment of the vilification 1988 01:32:14,061 --> 01:32:17,332 of saturated fat after your experience in this trial? 1989 01:32:17,332 --> 01:32:18,867 - Well, I'll tell you, 1990 01:32:18,867 --> 01:32:21,904 what we say is that we do not restrict saturated fat 1991 01:32:21,904 --> 01:32:23,971 in these patients, and yet they're having 1992 01:32:23,971 --> 01:32:27,175 these remarkable results. 1993 01:32:27,175 --> 01:32:28,610 - [Dr. Mark] In April of 2019, 1994 01:32:28,610 --> 01:32:31,713 the American Diabetes Association issued an update 1995 01:32:31,713 --> 01:32:36,051 to its longstanding position that diets lower than 130 grams 1996 01:32:36,051 --> 01:32:38,921 of carbs a day are unsafe. 1997 01:32:38,921 --> 01:32:42,524 - I was thrilled, it felt like Christmas morning to me. 1998 01:32:42,524 --> 01:32:44,693 It was the very first time in writing 1999 01:32:44,693 --> 01:32:46,427 from a huge organization that said 2000 01:32:46,427 --> 01:32:48,462 what I was doing was okay. 2001 01:32:48,462 --> 01:32:50,666 What I was doing was an approach 2002 01:32:50,666 --> 01:32:53,135 that was helping my patients. 2003 01:32:53,135 --> 01:32:56,104 And while it was something that I have known for years, 2004 01:32:56,104 --> 01:32:58,105 it was the first time I felt safe. 2005 01:32:58,105 --> 01:32:59,875 It was the first time I felt safe 2006 01:32:59,875 --> 01:33:02,176 to give these recommendations. 2007 01:33:02,176 --> 01:33:05,079 - [Dr. Mark] In 2015, after more than 50 years 2008 01:33:05,079 --> 01:33:07,882 of condemning foods like eggs, lobster and shrimp, 2009 01:33:07,882 --> 01:33:11,286 the American Heart Association quietly dropped 2010 01:33:11,286 --> 01:33:13,255 their longstanding recommendation 2011 01:33:13,255 --> 01:33:15,189 against dietary cholesterol, 2012 01:33:15,189 --> 01:33:19,060 saying it's no longer a nutrient of concern. 2013 01:33:19,060 --> 01:33:22,130 That same year, the U.S. Dietary Guidelines Committee 2014 01:33:22,130 --> 01:33:25,701 removed the cap on dietary fat consumption, 2015 01:33:25,701 --> 01:33:28,737 admitting there's no evidence that eating fat is bad 2016 01:33:28,737 --> 01:33:33,307 for health, but the cap on saturated fat remains. 2017 01:33:33,307 --> 01:33:35,911 - The hypothesis that saturated fats are bad 2018 01:33:35,911 --> 01:33:38,747 for health has been the most tested hypothesis 2019 01:33:38,747 --> 01:33:40,849 in the history of nutrition science. 2020 01:33:40,849 --> 01:33:43,350 There has been no hypothesis that has been more tested. 2021 01:33:43,350 --> 01:33:47,521 Some 75,000 people, 65,000 somewhere in that range, 2022 01:33:47,521 --> 01:33:49,356 depending on which studies you include, 2023 01:33:49,356 --> 01:33:51,292 and none of them could show 2024 01:33:51,292 --> 01:33:54,029 that saturated fats had any effect on total 2025 01:33:54,029 --> 01:33:55,663 or cardiovascular mortality. 2026 01:33:57,532 --> 01:33:59,702 There's no evidence for it. 2027 01:33:59,702 --> 01:34:01,804 - [Dr. Mark] Even so, the American Heart Association, 2028 01:34:01,804 --> 01:34:05,073 who takes much of its funding from Big Food and Big Pharma, 2029 01:34:05,073 --> 01:34:08,376 continues to stand behind its long-held position 2030 01:34:08,376 --> 01:34:11,145 that saturated fats are the cause of heart disease 2031 01:34:11,145 --> 01:34:14,582 and that refined vegetable oils are heart-healthy. 2032 01:34:14,582 --> 01:34:18,420 - But there is so much politics and so much money, 2033 01:34:18,420 --> 01:34:22,990 and Big Pharma and the sugar industry behind trying 2034 01:34:24,426 --> 01:34:28,262 to keep those guidelines as they are right now. 2035 01:34:28,262 --> 01:34:32,333 I feel like eventually they will change, but when? 2036 01:34:32,333 --> 01:34:33,902 It could be 50 years. 2037 01:34:33,902 --> 01:34:35,436 We can't wait 50 years. 2038 01:34:35,436 --> 01:34:40,442 Millions of people have died already because of this mess. 2039 01:34:41,909 --> 01:34:43,244 - [Dr. Mark] Doug Reynolds isn't waiting any longer. 2040 01:34:43,244 --> 01:34:45,780 His company, LowCarbUSA is partnering 2041 01:34:45,780 --> 01:34:48,582 with dozens of physicians, nutritionists and dieticians 2042 01:34:48,582 --> 01:34:51,052 to create a set of global, clinical guidelines 2043 01:34:51,052 --> 01:34:53,255 that teach medical professionals how to safely 2044 01:34:53,255 --> 01:34:56,524 and effectively practice low-carb nutrition. 2045 01:34:56,524 --> 01:34:58,693 - Now it gives a lot of them confidence 2046 01:34:58,693 --> 01:35:01,529 to maybe start implementing it in their practice, 2047 01:35:01,529 --> 01:35:05,100 where before, they weren't quite sure how to do it 2048 01:35:05,100 --> 01:35:08,569 or they were afraid that other doctors weren't doing it. 2049 01:35:08,569 --> 01:35:10,671 Now, they're actually following some kind 2050 01:35:10,671 --> 01:35:12,073 of set of guidelines. 2051 01:35:12,073 --> 01:35:14,176 - And what about the official dietary guidelines 2052 01:35:14,176 --> 01:35:15,476 for Americans? 2053 01:35:15,476 --> 01:35:17,479 The three main eating patterns recommended 2054 01:35:17,479 --> 01:35:20,715 by the USDA all feature more than 50% 2055 01:35:20,715 --> 01:35:23,985 of daily calories as carbohydrates. 2056 01:35:23,985 --> 01:35:26,788 According to the dietary guidelines, low carbohydrate, 2057 01:35:26,788 --> 01:35:30,257 high-fat diets are still, not an option. 2058 01:35:32,094 --> 01:35:35,563 In 2017, the National Academy of Sciences and Medicine 2059 01:35:35,563 --> 01:35:38,600 performed the first ever outside scientific review 2060 01:35:38,600 --> 01:35:41,069 of the U.S. Dietary Guidelines and found 2061 01:35:41,069 --> 01:35:45,340 that the process lacked transparency and scientific rigor. 2062 01:35:45,340 --> 01:35:47,842 Recommending a single dietary pattern 2063 01:35:47,842 --> 01:35:51,546 to an entire population was a huge mistake. 2064 01:35:51,546 --> 01:35:56,184 Not only did the low-fat diet not work, it did us harm 2065 01:35:56,184 --> 01:36:00,055 and resulted in greater obesity and disease. 2066 01:36:00,055 --> 01:36:04,559 The lesson of the low-fat diet may be that nutrition science 2067 01:36:04,559 --> 01:36:07,863 is deeply flawed and our nation's dietary guidelines 2068 01:36:07,863 --> 01:36:10,731 have been heavily influenced by the food industry 2069 01:36:10,731 --> 01:36:13,368 and the enormous amount of money at stake. 2070 01:36:13,368 --> 01:36:14,837 - What we are living now is just 2071 01:36:14,837 --> 01:36:17,072 so completely unsustainable. 2072 01:36:17,072 --> 01:36:18,706 These unsustainable rates of obesity 2073 01:36:18,706 --> 01:36:21,275 and diabetes were bankrupting our nation, 2074 01:36:21,275 --> 01:36:25,313 it's destroying people's lives, it's destroying our country, 2075 01:36:25,313 --> 01:36:27,614 and it has to stop. 2076 01:36:27,614 --> 01:36:29,251 - We are not treating the disease, 2077 01:36:29,251 --> 01:36:31,886 we're treating the symptoms of the disease. 2078 01:36:31,886 --> 01:36:34,155 And so it should be of no surprise to anyone 2079 01:36:34,155 --> 01:36:37,158 that we're not getting better and we're not going 2080 01:36:37,158 --> 01:36:41,829 to get better until we recognize what the real problem is. 2081 01:36:41,829 --> 01:36:45,300 If we changed the food, we could solve this problem. 2082 01:36:45,300 --> 01:36:48,170 - [Tracy] We get so many mixed messages about diet and-- 2083 01:36:48,170 --> 01:36:50,704 - Does the government have a role in telling people 2084 01:36:50,704 --> 01:36:52,173 how to eat? 2085 01:36:52,173 --> 01:36:53,675 - [Tracy] We kinda have to find what really works for us 2086 01:36:53,675 --> 01:36:55,409 but we still need to know the truth. 2087 01:36:55,409 --> 01:36:57,880 - It's a fascinating question that has a lot 2088 01:36:57,880 --> 01:37:02,649 of different opinions and certainly, the past 30, 40 years 2089 01:37:02,649 --> 01:37:05,252 of experience would say, no, they probably shouldn't 2090 01:37:05,252 --> 01:37:06,520 be in that role. 2091 01:37:06,520 --> 01:37:08,756 - The people at the top are not going to change, 2092 01:37:08,756 --> 01:37:11,493 so we have to get this going as a bottom up revolution 2093 01:37:11,493 --> 01:37:14,761 and get more and more people on board until they're shamed 2094 01:37:14,761 --> 01:37:17,765 into changing the guidelines because the swell 2095 01:37:17,765 --> 01:37:20,635 of the population is just ignoring them. 2096 01:37:20,635 --> 01:37:23,505 - The change is coming from the people, 2097 01:37:23,505 --> 01:37:25,172 because they've changed. 2098 01:37:25,172 --> 01:37:27,475 They're forcing the doctors to change, 2099 01:37:27,475 --> 01:37:29,743 if we can change the medical profession, 2100 01:37:29,743 --> 01:37:31,880 I think we'll do something. 2101 01:37:31,880 --> 01:37:34,983 - If you're pre-diabetic or Type 2 Diabetic, 2102 01:37:34,983 --> 01:37:39,287 there is a way out, a path forward to health and vitality, 2103 01:37:39,287 --> 01:37:41,823 to fewer drugs and more energy. 2104 01:37:41,823 --> 01:37:43,926 You can get your life back and all you have 2105 01:37:43,926 --> 01:37:46,728 to do is eat real food. 2106 01:37:46,728 --> 01:37:49,096 - If somebody has Type 2 Diabetes, 2107 01:37:49,096 --> 01:37:52,734 they can go online right now, they can watch your movie, 2108 01:37:52,734 --> 01:37:56,037 they can read up on something, they can buy a book 2109 01:37:56,037 --> 01:37:59,407 and start reversing their disease today. 2110 01:38:00,574 --> 01:38:03,345 - What I see on a day-to-day basis 2111 01:38:03,345 --> 01:38:07,015 with my individual patients as well as my own family 2112 01:38:07,015 --> 01:38:11,118 and my own friends, I think it's missed in some 2113 01:38:11,118 --> 01:38:14,256 of this research, and what that is is freedom. 2114 01:38:16,690 --> 01:38:19,094 It's freedom from being hungry. 2115 01:38:20,462 --> 01:38:22,729 It's freedom from cravings. 2116 01:38:22,729 --> 01:38:24,365 It's freedom from headaches. 2117 01:38:25,899 --> 01:38:28,403 It's freedom from reactive hypoglycemia. 2118 01:38:28,403 --> 01:38:30,471 It's freedom from mood swings. 2119 01:38:30,471 --> 01:38:32,573 It's better quality of sleep. 2120 01:38:34,275 --> 01:38:36,043 It's better quality of life. 2121 01:38:37,511 --> 01:38:41,349 - I feel great, I feel really good. 2122 01:38:41,349 --> 01:38:42,216 Hi, girls. 2123 01:38:51,426 --> 01:38:53,927 (piano music) 2124 01:39:25,226 --> 01:39:27,795 (upbeat music) 2125 01:40:16,877 --> 01:40:19,447 (violin music) 2126 01:41:02,657 --> 01:41:05,092 (cool music)