WEBVTT FILE

1
00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:07.000
Downloaded from
YTS.MX

2
00:00:08.000 --> 00:00:13.000
Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

3
00:00:18.456 --> 00:00:21.860
[faint indistinct chatter]

4
00:00:23.421 --> 00:00:26.285
♪ dramatic music ♪

5
00:00:26.385 --> 00:00:31.430
♪♪♪♪♪

6
00:00:34.554 --> 00:00:35.855
[static crackling]

7
00:00:35.955 --> 00:00:37.016
[man] Today
the United Nations released

8
00:00:37.116 --> 00:00:39.339
a report on the assassination

9
00:00:39.439 --> 00:00:42.382
of Washington Post journalist
Jamal Khashoggi,

10
00:00:42.482 --> 00:00:44.465
and I must warn you
this report

11
00:00:44.565 --> 00:00:45.866
is the most horrifying thing

12
00:00:45.966 --> 00:00:48.549
that I've ever had to read
from this chair.

13
00:00:48.649 --> 00:00:50.031
- It says...
- [woman] On Tuesday,

14
00:00:50.131 --> 00:00:52.794
Jamal Khashoggi walked
into this Saudi consulate...

15
00:00:52.894 --> 00:00:54.396
[man] ...and seemed to vanish.

16
00:00:54.496 --> 00:00:55.917
[man] There is an anxiety

17
00:00:56.017 --> 00:00:58.080
that he could have been
spirited out of the country.

18
00:00:58.180 --> 00:01:00.042
[woman] The Saudi government
still offering

19
00:01:00.142 --> 00:01:01.884
conflicting narratives...

20
00:01:01.984 --> 00:01:04.527
[Salem] Jamal worked
directly for the royal family

21
00:01:04.627 --> 00:01:06.129
in different capacities.

22
00:01:06.229 --> 00:01:08.251
He was a loyal Saudi,

23
00:01:08.351 --> 00:01:10.614
but how he defined
that loyalty

24
00:01:10.714 --> 00:01:13.217
over time changed...

25
00:01:13.317 --> 00:01:15.779
speaking Arabic

26
00:01:15.879 --> 00:01:16.901
[laughter]

27
00:01:17.001 --> 00:01:18.502
[Salem]
...as did the kingdom itself.

28
00:01:18.602 --> 00:01:21.746
[woman] Turkish officials have
audio and video recordings

29
00:01:21.846 --> 00:01:23.508
that prove
the journalist was...

30
00:01:23.608 --> 00:01:24.649
[woman] ...strangled
as soon as he entered

31
00:01:24.729 --> 00:01:25.911
the Saudi consulate.

32
00:01:26.011 --> 00:01:27.472
[man] ...killed
during a fistfight.

33
00:01:27.572 --> 00:01:28.794
[woman] ...asphyxiated
with a plastic bag.

34
00:01:28.894 --> 00:01:30.356
[man] Khashoggi was
tortured, murdered...

35
00:01:30.456 --> 00:01:34.040
[Wright] Jamal enjoyed access
to princely protection,

36
00:01:34.140 --> 00:01:38.244
but that protection depended
upon the princes themselves

37
00:01:38.344 --> 00:01:39.686
having influence.

38
00:01:39.786 --> 00:01:41.088
[Maloney] He was already
in danger,

39
00:01:41.188 --> 00:01:43.811
but this was
exponentially more dangerous.

40
00:01:43.911 --> 00:01:47.935
The Saudi monarchy
operates like the Mafia,

41
00:01:48.035 --> 00:01:49.897
and you don't cross
the godfather.

42
00:01:49.997 --> 00:01:52.220
[man] This lays out
in forensic detail

43
00:01:52.320 --> 00:01:55.383
how they planned to murder
him, to dismember him.

44
00:01:55.483 --> 00:01:57.105
- [man] ...fingers cut off...
- [man] ...joints separated...

45
00:01:57.205 --> 00:01:58.947
[woman] You could
hear them laughing.

46
00:01:59.047 --> 00:02:01.270
We were always doing all this
work for something bigger,

47
00:02:01.370 --> 00:02:02.872
for country, for king.

48
00:02:02.972 --> 00:02:05.274
Anybody that tells you
that they know

49
00:02:05.374 --> 00:02:09.079
every aspect of Jamal's life,
they are 100% lying to you.

50
00:02:09.179 --> 00:02:10.180
[man] ...calling
for the administration

51
00:02:10.260 --> 00:02:11.722
to punish Saudi Arabia.

52
00:02:11.822 --> 00:02:13.764
[man] There's not a smoking
gun; there's a smoking saw.

53
00:02:13.864 --> 00:02:15.486
[man] This is the worst moment

54
00:02:15.586 --> 00:02:17.848
in U.S.-Saudi relations
since 9/11.

55
00:02:17.948 --> 00:02:21.292
[Obaid] I mean,
the moral of the story is...

56
00:02:21.392 --> 00:02:23.334
the moral of the story
is that there is no moral.

57
00:02:23.434 --> 00:02:24.936
There is no morality.

58
00:02:25.036 --> 00:02:26.418
I mean, what is
the morality of this?

59
00:02:26.518 --> 00:02:28.500
I wouldn't be able
to give you an answer.

60
00:02:28.600 --> 00:02:29.782
[static crackling]

61
00:02:29.882 --> 00:02:31.223
[man]
There are reports the CIA

62
00:02:31.323 --> 00:02:32.785
now has high confidence

63
00:02:32.885 --> 00:02:35.108
the murder was ordered
by the Saudi crown prince...

64
00:02:35.208 --> 00:02:37.750
[man] The United States
is condoning the murder

65
00:02:37.850 --> 00:02:39.232
of a U.S. resident...

66
00:02:39.332 --> 00:02:41.314
[Trump] Maybe he did.
Maybe he didn't.

67
00:02:41.414 --> 00:02:42.476
They did not know...

68
00:02:42.576 --> 00:02:44.438
[woman] Why kill
Jamal Khashoggi?

69
00:02:44.538 --> 00:02:49.583
♪♪♪♪♪

70
00:02:55.710 --> 00:02:57.532
[man] Okay, go ahead.

71
00:02:57.632 --> 00:02:58.694
[woman] Okay, great.

72
00:02:58.794 --> 00:02:59.935
Are you-are you looking
off camera?

73
00:03:00.035 --> 00:03:01.617
[man] Yeah, he's looking
off camera.

74
00:03:01.717 --> 00:03:03.099
[woman] Okay, thanks.
Great.

75
00:03:03.199 --> 00:03:04.460
How do I describe you?

76
00:03:04.560 --> 00:03:06.703
Like, what kind of title
should I give you?

77
00:03:06.803 --> 00:03:09.786
I'm a Saudi journalist, uh,

78
00:03:09.886 --> 00:03:11.748
self-exiled in Washington.

79
00:03:11.848 --> 00:03:13.871
[Faris as Khashoggi] I write
for The Washington Post.

80
00:03:13.971 --> 00:03:17.635
[woman] Okay, and why?
Why did you self-exile?

81
00:03:17.735 --> 00:03:19.357
[Faris as Khashoggi]
How breathtakingly fast

82
00:03:19.457 --> 00:03:23.121
you can fall out of favor.

83
00:03:23.221 --> 00:03:25.744
It is all quite shocking.

84
00:03:27.826 --> 00:03:32.291
Saudi Arabia is the only
home we know or want,

85
00:03:32.391 --> 00:03:34.393
yet we are the enemy.

86
00:03:36.235 --> 00:03:39.339
How did all this change?

87
00:03:39.439 --> 00:03:41.841
[engine rumbling]

88
00:03:45.486 --> 00:03:48.189
I was a teenager
in the 1970s

89
00:03:48.289 --> 00:03:52.353
and grew up in the markets
around the Prophet's Mosque.

90
00:03:52.453 --> 00:03:55.236
As a Saudi journalist
starting my career,

91
00:03:55.336 --> 00:03:59.041
I witnessed phenomenal
growth and expansion.

92
00:03:59.141 --> 00:04:02.284
Scholars and the people were
brimming with expectations.

93
00:04:02.384 --> 00:04:03.966
And the United States

94
00:04:04.066 --> 00:04:06.809
was our most important
trading partner,

95
00:04:06.909 --> 00:04:08.771
importer of Saudi oil

96
00:04:08.871 --> 00:04:11.675
and our main source
of weapons.

97
00:04:15.479 --> 00:04:17.541
[Rundell] The Saudi-American
relationship

98
00:04:17.641 --> 00:04:20.264
started as a commercial
relationship.

99
00:04:20.364 --> 00:04:25.049
The Saudis were a reservoir
of global energy.

100
00:04:27.052 --> 00:04:30.956
I was a foreign service
officer for 30 years.

101
00:04:31.056 --> 00:04:33.599
Basically, everybody
from Jimmy Carter

102
00:04:33.699 --> 00:04:35.701
to, uh, Barack Obama.

103
00:04:36.542 --> 00:04:37.844
There's really nobody--

104
00:04:37.944 --> 00:04:39.085
and I say that perhaps

105
00:04:39.185 --> 00:04:40.847
somewhat forcefully,
but it's true,

106
00:04:40.947 --> 00:04:42.489
that there is
no other American

107
00:04:42.589 --> 00:04:44.591
with my level of experience.

108
00:04:45.953 --> 00:04:48.135
The American government
really had no relations

109
00:04:48.235 --> 00:04:52.340
with Saudi Arabia until
what's today Chevron

110
00:04:52.440 --> 00:04:55.003
went there and began
to drill for oil.

111
00:04:58.206 --> 00:05:00.148
[Brennan] Administration
after administration,

112
00:05:00.248 --> 00:05:03.072
in the '50s, '60s, '70s,
'80s, '90s,

113
00:05:03.172 --> 00:05:07.036
wanted to make sure that
the government, uh, in Riyadh,

114
00:05:07.136 --> 00:05:10.200
uh, was going to be, uh,
one that was closely aligned

115
00:05:10.300 --> 00:05:12.302
with the United States.

116
00:05:13.263 --> 00:05:17.207
I was working
at the CIA in Saudi Arabia

117
00:05:17.307 --> 00:05:20.171
in the early 1980s.

118
00:05:20.271 --> 00:05:24.295
It was soon after King Fahd
rose to the throne.

119
00:05:24.395 --> 00:05:25.897
And during that period

120
00:05:25.997 --> 00:05:27.659
there was
a significant infusion

121
00:05:27.759 --> 00:05:31.904
of military support to
the fledging Saudi military.

122
00:05:32.004 --> 00:05:34.026
We were very concerned
about making sure

123
00:05:34.126 --> 00:05:36.509
the Saudi monarchy
was going to be stable.

124
00:05:36.609 --> 00:05:38.111
[indistinct chatter]

125
00:05:38.211 --> 00:05:40.714
[Wright]
Saudi Arabia is divided

126
00:05:40.814 --> 00:05:42.716
into the royals
and the nonroyals,

127
00:05:42.816 --> 00:05:44.277
and the royals own everything.

128
00:05:44.377 --> 00:05:47.041
You know, it's named
after their family.

129
00:05:47.141 --> 00:05:51.005
The whole kingdom
is Saudi Arabia,

130
00:05:51.105 --> 00:05:54.249
ruled by the sons
of King Abdulaziz

131
00:05:54.349 --> 00:05:56.531
for a hundred years.

132
00:05:56.631 --> 00:05:58.533
You can get totally lost

133
00:05:58.633 --> 00:06:01.737
in the Kremlinology
of the Saudi royal family.

134
00:06:01.837 --> 00:06:03.259
[indistinct chatter]

135
00:06:03.359 --> 00:06:06.582
But it's a family,
and they govern by consensus.

136
00:06:06.682 --> 00:06:09.265
There are spats
and there are factions,

137
00:06:09.365 --> 00:06:11.307
but until recently,

138
00:06:11.407 --> 00:06:13.970
decisions would be made
by consensus.

139
00:06:15.212 --> 00:06:18.235
And in the category
of nonroyals,

140
00:06:18.335 --> 00:06:21.018
Jamal Khashoggi
carried a lot of influence.

141
00:06:22.460 --> 00:06:24.762
I don't think there was
any place in Saudi Arabia

142
00:06:24.862 --> 00:06:27.085
that was closed to him.

143
00:06:27.185 --> 00:06:29.247
It wasn't just
that he was powerful.

144
00:06:29.347 --> 00:06:30.369
People liked him.

145
00:06:30.469 --> 00:06:31.730
[helicopter rotors whirring]

146
00:06:31.830 --> 00:06:34.533
Jamal had
an interesting analysis

147
00:06:34.633 --> 00:06:38.017
of the problems
of Saudi Arabia.

148
00:06:38.117 --> 00:06:39.859
We talked
about the schizophrenia

149
00:06:39.959 --> 00:06:42.422
that so many Saudis
had expressed to me.

150
00:06:42.522 --> 00:06:44.064
[indistinct chatter]

151
00:06:44.164 --> 00:06:46.386
It's undemocratic.
It's intolerant.

152
00:06:46.486 --> 00:06:49.830
It is one step
below a theocracy.

153
00:06:49.930 --> 00:06:51.872
From the beginning
of our relationship,

154
00:06:51.972 --> 00:06:55.436
America's had this tie
to this distinctly

155
00:06:55.536 --> 00:06:57.719
non-American entity

156
00:06:57.819 --> 00:07:01.363
and has enabled it,
up to this day, to survive.

157
00:07:01.463 --> 00:07:02.564
[man] speaking Arabic

158
00:07:02.664 --> 00:07:04.807
[Rundell] To call them
authoritarian

159
00:07:04.907 --> 00:07:08.090
is true in an absolute sense,

160
00:07:08.190 --> 00:07:10.974
but really,
most administrations

161
00:07:11.074 --> 00:07:13.216
who deal with Saudi Arabia
over time

162
00:07:13.316 --> 00:07:16.740
become aware of the fact
that Saudi Arabia

163
00:07:16.840 --> 00:07:20.264
is a valuable friend,
a valuable ally,

164
00:07:20.364 --> 00:07:23.027
and to throw that
under the bus is a bad idea.

165
00:07:23.127 --> 00:07:25.249
[call to prayer playing
over loudspeakers]

166
00:07:27.492 --> 00:07:30.035
[Wright] Saudi Arabia
was a part of the world

167
00:07:30.135 --> 00:07:32.277
that we didn't care about,
except for the oil.

168
00:07:32.377 --> 00:07:34.520
They can believe
what they want to believe

169
00:07:34.620 --> 00:07:36.642
as long as they keep pumping.

170
00:07:36.742 --> 00:07:39.045
But that totally changed

171
00:07:39.145 --> 00:07:41.127
when the Soviets
invaded Afghanistan

172
00:07:41.227 --> 00:07:42.969
in December '79.

173
00:07:43.069 --> 00:07:46.313
[artillery firing]

174
00:07:48.756 --> 00:07:51.919
[gunfire]

175
00:08:00.529 --> 00:08:03.552
Afghanistan was
the major Islamic cause

176
00:08:03.652 --> 00:08:06.275
in Saudi Arabia in the '80s.

177
00:08:06.375 --> 00:08:08.478
Americans did not want
to appear

178
00:08:08.578 --> 00:08:12.041
as if they are in direct war
with the Soviet Union,

179
00:08:12.141 --> 00:08:14.324
so we in Saudi Arabia
and Pakistan

180
00:08:14.424 --> 00:08:16.086
were doing a cover-up
in the operation,

181
00:08:16.186 --> 00:08:17.447
which was an open secret.

182
00:08:17.547 --> 00:08:18.969
Everybody knew about it,

183
00:08:19.069 --> 00:08:21.692
this Saudi-American-Pakistani
campaign

184
00:08:21.792 --> 00:08:24.415
to drive the Soviet Union
out of Afghanistan.

185
00:08:24.515 --> 00:08:27.378
♪♪♪♪♪

186
00:08:27.478 --> 00:08:29.701
I do not deny
that I had sympathy

187
00:08:29.801 --> 00:08:31.303
toward the Afghan cause,

188
00:08:31.403 --> 00:08:35.628
because, uh, I myself come out
from Islamic circles,

189
00:08:35.728 --> 00:08:38.551
and I still believe
it was a just cause.

190
00:08:38.651 --> 00:08:42.716
And Saudi Arabia should be
appreciated for that.

191
00:08:42.816 --> 00:08:46.720
And it was a big story, which,
uh, kind of, uh, made my name

192
00:08:46.820 --> 00:08:48.081
in the field of journalism.

193
00:08:48.181 --> 00:08:50.504
[all] chanting in Arabic

194
00:08:56.951 --> 00:08:58.493
[chanting continues]

195
00:08:58.593 --> 00:09:03.478
♪♪♪♪♪

196
00:09:05.521 --> 00:09:06.742
[Faris as Khashoggi]
The Arab News,

197
00:09:06.842 --> 00:09:10.226
Afghanistan,
May 4, 1988.

198
00:09:10.326 --> 00:09:13.169
A report by Jamal Khashoggi.

199
00:09:15.211 --> 00:09:16.873
Muslims are one nation.

200
00:09:16.973 --> 00:09:19.436
Despite geographical barriers

201
00:09:19.536 --> 00:09:22.520
and differences
in color and language,

202
00:09:22.620 --> 00:09:25.383
they consider
themselves brothers.

203
00:09:27.305 --> 00:09:31.970
As many as 1,000 Arab youths
are here in Afghanistan.

204
00:09:32.070 --> 00:09:35.454
They are actively involved
in the war.

205
00:09:35.554 --> 00:09:39.138
Most come
from Saudi Arabia, Egypt,

206
00:09:39.238 --> 00:09:41.240
Algeria, Morocco.

207
00:09:42.362 --> 00:09:44.784
The assistant
to the commander

208
00:09:44.884 --> 00:09:47.828
of the northern Panjshir base
is an Algerian

209
00:09:47.928 --> 00:09:50.030
named Abdullah Anas.

210
00:09:50.130 --> 00:09:52.353
♪♪♪♪♪

211
00:09:52.453 --> 00:09:54.956
[Anas] So you have
to cross seven mountains

212
00:09:55.056 --> 00:09:57.839
to come from Pakistan.

213
00:09:57.939 --> 00:10:00.602
Jamal Khashoggi,
I remember,

214
00:10:00.702 --> 00:10:03.045
we come across with him.

215
00:10:03.145 --> 00:10:05.608
You are talking
about a journey

216
00:10:05.708 --> 00:10:09.812
where, uh, could have,
uh, avalanche, snow.

217
00:10:09.912 --> 00:10:12.295
You could face air strikes.

218
00:10:12.395 --> 00:10:15.699
You could, uh, face ambushes
from the Soviets.

219
00:10:15.799 --> 00:10:18.141
But on top of being scared,

220
00:10:18.241 --> 00:10:19.823
you are more excited

221
00:10:19.923 --> 00:10:21.785
because you feel
this is a gift

222
00:10:21.885 --> 00:10:23.347
you are gifted by Allah,

223
00:10:23.447 --> 00:10:25.149
that you are part
of the mujahideen,

224
00:10:25.249 --> 00:10:26.871
you are, uh, um...

225
00:10:26.971 --> 00:10:29.634
finally, you are, uh,
making the history

226
00:10:29.734 --> 00:10:34.239
with these heroes and these,
uh-uh, brave people.

227
00:10:34.339 --> 00:10:37.122
So all this makes you
forget that threat,

228
00:10:37.222 --> 00:10:40.807
forget the-the fear,
forget, uh, everything.

229
00:10:40.907 --> 00:10:45.992
♪♪♪♪♪

230
00:10:47.234 --> 00:10:50.357
speaking Arabic

231
00:11:01.529 --> 00:11:05.074
♪♪♪♪♪

232
00:11:05.174 --> 00:11:07.296
[artillery firing]

233
00:11:09.138 --> 00:11:10.920
[Wright]
Jamal went to Afghanistan

234
00:11:11.020 --> 00:11:13.403
to be a war correspondent.

235
00:11:13.503 --> 00:11:16.246
He did not have much
of a reputation then,

236
00:11:16.346 --> 00:11:18.248
but there was
this little group of Arabs

237
00:11:18.348 --> 00:11:20.531
led by Osama bin Laden,

238
00:11:20.631 --> 00:11:23.354
who was, at that point,
practically unknown.

239
00:11:24.955 --> 00:11:28.900
It was a propitious moment
in Jamal's career.

240
00:11:29.000 --> 00:11:31.002
They got to be friends.

241
00:11:33.044 --> 00:11:36.148
He was somewhat blinded

242
00:11:36.248 --> 00:11:38.110
by the charisma

243
00:11:38.210 --> 00:11:41.354
and-and the-the sense
of history

244
00:11:41.454 --> 00:11:43.116
that surrounded
this young man.

245
00:11:43.216 --> 00:11:46.279
♪♪♪♪♪

246
00:11:46.379 --> 00:11:49.423
[Anas] speaking Arabic

247
00:12:03.558 --> 00:12:05.140
[Khashoggi] I met Osama
the first time

248
00:12:05.240 --> 00:12:06.942
at the end of '87,

249
00:12:07.042 --> 00:12:09.865
and that's where I took
the first picture of him ever

250
00:12:09.965 --> 00:12:13.229
to be printed in any media.

251
00:12:13.329 --> 00:12:15.872
He was the leader or,
as he used to be called,

252
00:12:15.972 --> 00:12:18.795
the emir of the Arab
mujahideen in Afghanistan.

253
00:12:18.895 --> 00:12:20.798
[Wright] Osama bin Laden

254
00:12:20.898 --> 00:12:23.601
became Saudi Arabia's
first celebrity,

255
00:12:23.701 --> 00:12:26.404
a category that didn't exist
in Saudi Arabia

256
00:12:26.504 --> 00:12:28.686
until that time,
and I think, to some extent,

257
00:12:28.786 --> 00:12:31.389
Jamal helped him
become that person.

258
00:12:38.277 --> 00:12:39.618
[Bishara] Jamal and I,

259
00:12:39.718 --> 00:12:41.781
I mean, I was actually
an opinion page writer,

260
00:12:41.881 --> 00:12:44.464
so we would meet
every once in a while,

261
00:12:44.564 --> 00:12:46.566
uh, along with other
colleagues.

262
00:12:48.608 --> 00:12:51.992
Jamal was one of those
important sources,

263
00:12:52.092 --> 00:12:53.554
a treasure, I would say.

264
00:12:53.654 --> 00:12:56.317
He was sitting on this
crossroad of relationship

265
00:12:56.417 --> 00:12:59.320
between Saudi Arabia
and the United States

266
00:12:59.420 --> 00:13:02.564
fighting the Soviet Union
in Afghanistan.

267
00:13:02.664 --> 00:13:04.686
But of course, we would take
a lot of what he said

268
00:13:04.786 --> 00:13:08.290
with grain of salt
because he was, at the time,

269
00:13:08.390 --> 00:13:10.673
associated with
the Saudi establishment.

270
00:13:13.035 --> 00:13:16.700
There weren't many
Saudi or other journalists

271
00:13:16.800 --> 00:13:20.183
who had access to bin Laden
or to those groups.

272
00:13:20.283 --> 00:13:22.746
These were different times.

273
00:13:22.846 --> 00:13:24.789
The United States
and Saudi Arabia

274
00:13:24.889 --> 00:13:26.751
celebrated radical Islam

275
00:13:26.851 --> 00:13:28.272
as long as radical Islam

276
00:13:28.372 --> 00:13:31.957
was directly
against communism.

277
00:13:32.057 --> 00:13:34.199
[Soufan] I started working
on Osama bin Laden

278
00:13:34.299 --> 00:13:37.443
for the National Security
Division here in New York.

279
00:13:37.543 --> 00:13:39.565
I read Arabic media,

280
00:13:39.665 --> 00:13:42.488
and I knew of Jamal Khashoggi,

281
00:13:42.588 --> 00:13:45.572
and I knew about his...
you know, his-his writings

282
00:13:45.672 --> 00:13:47.674
and his relationship
with the Saudi government.

283
00:13:49.356 --> 00:13:51.418
The Saudis had a lot to gain

284
00:13:51.518 --> 00:13:52.900
from promoting
Osama bin Laden,

285
00:13:53.000 --> 00:13:55.583
and Jamal was part
of that effort.

286
00:13:55.683 --> 00:13:58.346
Afghan jihad made
Osama bin Laden.

287
00:13:58.446 --> 00:13:59.908
But the Saudis were not
doing their own thing

288
00:14:00.008 --> 00:14:01.349
in Afghanistan.

289
00:14:01.449 --> 00:14:03.592
It was a part
of the U.S.'s strategy.

290
00:14:03.692 --> 00:14:06.575
We gave them Stinger missiles,
for heaven's sake.

291
00:14:09.778 --> 00:14:11.520
The Saudis were working
very closely

292
00:14:11.620 --> 00:14:13.322
with the United States.

293
00:14:13.422 --> 00:14:15.084
They used to come and visit
Ronald Reagan

294
00:14:15.184 --> 00:14:16.806
in the White House.

295
00:14:16.906 --> 00:14:20.010
We had recruitment offices
here in the United States.

296
00:14:20.110 --> 00:14:21.612
[laughter]

297
00:14:21.712 --> 00:14:23.454
This is when
the Saudi interests,

298
00:14:23.554 --> 00:14:26.217
our interests,
Osama bin Laden's interests

299
00:14:26.317 --> 00:14:27.538
were all the same:

300
00:14:27.638 --> 00:14:29.861
defeat the Soviets
in Afghanistan.

301
00:14:29.961 --> 00:14:32.844
[applause]

302
00:14:34.926 --> 00:14:36.829
On behalf
of the American people,

303
00:14:36.929 --> 00:14:39.792
I salute Chairman Khalis,

304
00:14:39.892 --> 00:14:41.394
his delegation,

305
00:14:41.494 --> 00:14:44.477
and the people
of Afghanistan themselves.

306
00:14:44.577 --> 00:14:47.000
You are a nation of heroes.
God bless you.

307
00:14:47.100 --> 00:14:48.682
[applause]

308
00:14:48.782 --> 00:14:50.083
[Clarke] During
the Reagan administration,

309
00:14:50.183 --> 00:14:52.326
I was the Deputy Assistant
Secretary of State

310
00:14:52.426 --> 00:14:54.528
for Intelligence,

311
00:14:54.628 --> 00:14:57.451
and we were very much focused
on the war in Afghanistan

312
00:14:57.551 --> 00:14:59.293
on a day-to-day basis, uh,

313
00:14:59.393 --> 00:15:02.617
calculating how many Russian
helicopters had been shot down.

314
00:15:02.717 --> 00:15:03.979
They applauded.

315
00:15:04.079 --> 00:15:05.540
The soldiers
actually applauded.

316
00:15:05.640 --> 00:15:06.982
[Clarke] We followed
the progress

317
00:15:07.082 --> 00:15:08.344
of the mujahideen

318
00:15:08.444 --> 00:15:11.027
in combating
the Soviet troops,

319
00:15:11.127 --> 00:15:14.030
and these were really
mountain people,

320
00:15:14.130 --> 00:15:16.593
Afghan tribal leaders.

321
00:15:16.693 --> 00:15:18.795
And the only thing we really
had in common with them

322
00:15:18.895 --> 00:15:21.398
was, we both wanted
to defeat the Soviets.

323
00:15:21.498 --> 00:15:23.660
We had nothing else in common.

324
00:15:25.462 --> 00:15:26.644
[Wright] For the U.S.,

325
00:15:26.744 --> 00:15:28.926
spreading this kind
of radical Islam

326
00:15:29.026 --> 00:15:30.849
was not seen in those days
as a threat.

327
00:15:30.949 --> 00:15:32.010
It was just a tool.

328
00:15:32.110 --> 00:15:34.172
Thank you very much.

329
00:15:34.272 --> 00:15:37.135
[Wright] No one ever really
thought about the aftermath.

330
00:15:37.235 --> 00:15:39.698
[gunfire]

331
00:15:39.798 --> 00:15:41.540
[Rather] The retreat
of Soviet military power

332
00:15:41.640 --> 00:15:43.222
from Afghanistan is complete.

333
00:15:43.322 --> 00:15:45.865
Fear and uncertainty
were mixed with joy today

334
00:15:45.965 --> 00:15:48.148
as the commander
of Soviet troops

335
00:15:48.248 --> 00:15:50.550
followed the last of his men
across the border,

336
00:15:50.650 --> 00:15:53.514
leaving the communist
Afghan regime alone

337
00:15:53.614 --> 00:15:55.916
to face victorious
resistance fighters.

338
00:15:56.016 --> 00:15:58.880
♪ uneasy music ♪

339
00:15:58.980 --> 00:16:03.865
♪♪♪♪♪

340
00:16:09.471 --> 00:16:11.734
[Anas] Those days,
those years,

341
00:16:11.834 --> 00:16:14.377
it's the heaven of my life.

342
00:16:14.477 --> 00:16:16.940
I will never regret
those days.

343
00:16:17.040 --> 00:16:19.903
♪♪♪♪♪

344
00:16:20.003 --> 00:16:23.907
The mujahideen came to Kabul
in one caravan.

345
00:16:24.007 --> 00:16:26.670
I remember-still remember
seeing Jamal Khashoggi,

346
00:16:26.770 --> 00:16:28.633
"Oh, brother Abdullah."

347
00:16:28.733 --> 00:16:30.234
Jamal also was excited

348
00:16:30.334 --> 00:16:33.238
because this is the moment
he was waiting for, uh,

349
00:16:33.338 --> 00:16:35.340
like the hundreds
of Arabs.

350
00:16:36.461 --> 00:16:38.203
[Khashoggi]
I approved of the war

351
00:16:38.303 --> 00:16:40.646
against the Soviet Union,

352
00:16:40.746 --> 00:16:45.091
but in 1990 and on,
it was not the same.

353
00:16:45.191 --> 00:16:48.815
Al-Qaeda was established
around that time,

354
00:16:48.915 --> 00:16:51.458
and I covered
Osama bin Laden

355
00:16:51.558 --> 00:16:56.103
when he was, uh, part
of, uh, a campaign

356
00:16:56.203 --> 00:16:58.466
which I agreed,

357
00:16:58.566 --> 00:17:01.729
but I saw him change.

358
00:17:03.491 --> 00:17:05.954
Afghanistan had become
so ugly.

359
00:17:06.054 --> 00:17:08.477
Abdullah Anas, a friend,
he said to me once

360
00:17:08.577 --> 00:17:10.639
that he did not like it
very much.

361
00:17:10.739 --> 00:17:11.961
It was full of divisions,

362
00:17:12.061 --> 00:17:15.485
full of envy
and poisonous ideas.

363
00:17:15.585 --> 00:17:17.587
I think he was right.

364
00:17:18.388 --> 00:17:22.853
This happiness slowly,
slowly started to-to transfer

365
00:17:22.953 --> 00:17:24.294
to a nightmare,

366
00:17:24.394 --> 00:17:26.817
to a funeral,

367
00:17:26.917 --> 00:17:31.442
and then the rockets started
coming from everywhere.

368
00:17:33.124 --> 00:17:35.507
So all that dream, gone.

369
00:17:35.607 --> 00:17:39.191
Replaced by civil war.

370
00:17:39.291 --> 00:17:41.153
♪ somber music ♪

371
00:17:41.253 --> 00:17:45.118
[Clarke] If we had
just left Afghanistan alone,

372
00:17:45.218 --> 00:17:47.320
in 20/20 hindsight,

373
00:17:47.420 --> 00:17:50.323
I think things might have been
better, uh, in the long run.

374
00:17:50.423 --> 00:17:52.766
♪♪♪♪♪

375
00:17:52.866 --> 00:17:54.568
[Brennan]
Both within CIA

376
00:17:54.668 --> 00:17:56.130
as well as in
the Saudi government,

377
00:17:56.230 --> 00:17:59.133
there was a sense
of accomplishment.

378
00:17:59.233 --> 00:18:02.697
There were certainly missteps
that had consequences,

379
00:18:02.797 --> 00:18:04.299
uh, negative consequences,
whatever,

380
00:18:04.399 --> 00:18:06.581
but, uh, that's history.

381
00:18:06.681 --> 00:18:08.303
♪♪♪♪♪

382
00:18:08.403 --> 00:18:10.526
[jet engine whooshing]

383
00:18:13.649 --> 00:18:16.733
[crowd screaming]

384
00:18:18.655 --> 00:18:21.778
[sirens wailing]

385
00:18:25.182 --> 00:18:27.184
[horns blaring]

386
00:18:30.348 --> 00:18:33.631
[panicked chatter]

387
00:18:36.074 --> 00:18:39.638
[sirens blaring]

388
00:18:40.479 --> 00:18:43.482
[Faris as Khashoggi] I
collapsed crying a while ago.

389
00:18:44.323 --> 00:18:48.047
Why did 15 of our young men
take part in the attacks?

390
00:18:50.370 --> 00:18:52.893
What can we tell
these boys' mothers?

391
00:18:54.454 --> 00:18:58.219
Will we repeat the lie that
they were martyred for Islam?

392
00:19:01.182 --> 00:19:03.885
I collapsed crying
a while ago,

393
00:19:03.985 --> 00:19:07.449
heartbroken for you, Osama.

394
00:19:07.549 --> 00:19:09.131
You were beautiful and brave

395
00:19:09.231 --> 00:19:13.295
in those beautiful days
in Afghanistan

396
00:19:13.395 --> 00:19:16.999
before you surrendered
to hatred and rage.

397
00:19:19.883 --> 00:19:22.566
What happened
in the last ten years?

398
00:19:27.011 --> 00:19:29.033
We must ensure
that our children

399
00:19:29.133 --> 00:19:32.797
can never be influenced
by extremist ideas,

400
00:19:32.897 --> 00:19:34.959
like those 15 Saudis

401
00:19:35.059 --> 00:19:37.843
who were misled
into hijacking four planes

402
00:19:37.943 --> 00:19:41.206
that fine September day,

403
00:19:41.306 --> 00:19:43.929
piloting them and us

404
00:19:44.029 --> 00:19:48.294
straight into
the jaws of hell.

405
00:19:48.394 --> 00:19:53.560
♪♪♪♪♪

406
00:19:56.683 --> 00:19:58.626
[Clarke]
A lot of us felt rage,

407
00:19:58.726 --> 00:20:00.388
rage against
our own government

408
00:20:00.488 --> 00:20:02.190
that we were part of.

409
00:20:02.290 --> 00:20:04.913
Fifteen of the hijackers
were Saudis,

410
00:20:05.013 --> 00:20:07.195
and the warnings were clear,

411
00:20:07.295 --> 00:20:10.199
but they were ignored
at the highest levels,

412
00:20:10.299 --> 00:20:11.680
uh, repeatedly,

413
00:20:11.780 --> 00:20:12.841
and the price was enormous.

414
00:20:12.941 --> 00:20:16.325
[indistinct chatter]

415
00:20:16.425 --> 00:20:18.428
[gavel banging]

416
00:20:23.433 --> 00:20:25.976
[Kean] Our next witness
is Mr. Richard Clarke,

417
00:20:26.076 --> 00:20:28.098
who served as a former
National Coordinator

418
00:20:28.198 --> 00:20:30.982
for Counterterrorism at
the National Security Council.

419
00:20:31.082 --> 00:20:32.904
[Clarke] I think
the Saudi government knew

420
00:20:33.004 --> 00:20:35.467
that they were at risk
of the American people

421
00:20:35.567 --> 00:20:38.550
and the American Congress
and the American media

422
00:20:38.650 --> 00:20:42.194
going after them, uh, for
having supported, uh, al-Qaeda.

423
00:20:42.294 --> 00:20:46.879
To the loved ones
of the victims of 9/11,

424
00:20:46.979 --> 00:20:49.522
to them who are here
in the room,

425
00:20:49.622 --> 00:20:53.447
to those who are watching
on television,

426
00:20:53.547 --> 00:20:56.890
your government failed you.

427
00:20:56.990 --> 00:21:01.776
Those entrusted with
protecting you failed you.

428
00:21:01.876 --> 00:21:04.939
And I failed you.

429
00:21:05.039 --> 00:21:07.222
[Rhodes] I worked two years
for the Democratic

430
00:21:07.322 --> 00:21:09.785
Vice Chairman
of the 9/11 Commission,

431
00:21:09.885 --> 00:21:12.388
and one of the areas
of research that I did for him

432
00:21:12.488 --> 00:21:14.750
was Saudi Arabia, and...

433
00:21:14.850 --> 00:21:18.514
and, um, you know,

434
00:21:18.614 --> 00:21:20.917
as someone who witnessed 9/11,
who's a New Yorker,

435
00:21:21.017 --> 00:21:22.439
it wasn't just the reality

436
00:21:22.539 --> 00:21:25.722
that 15 of the 19 hijackers
were Saudi

437
00:21:25.822 --> 00:21:28.445
but also that a lot
of the financing for al-Qaeda

438
00:21:28.545 --> 00:21:30.928
came from wealthy
Saudi individuals.

439
00:21:31.028 --> 00:21:33.171
[indistinct chatter]

440
00:21:33.271 --> 00:21:35.774
[Rundell] You gotta remember
that the 3,000 dead Americans

441
00:21:35.874 --> 00:21:37.135
were not the result
of anything

442
00:21:37.235 --> 00:21:39.257
that the Saudi government did.

443
00:21:39.357 --> 00:21:41.860
You could argue
that by supporting

444
00:21:41.960 --> 00:21:43.782
the mujahideen
in the first place,

445
00:21:43.882 --> 00:21:46.986
they had encouraged
this idea of jihad,

446
00:21:47.086 --> 00:21:48.908
and I think
that's-that's fair enough.

447
00:21:49.008 --> 00:21:49.949
So had we.

448
00:21:50.049 --> 00:21:52.913
♪♪♪♪♪

449
00:21:53.013 --> 00:21:55.275
[Wright] I don't know
if Jamal had regrets

450
00:21:55.375 --> 00:21:57.758
about his past life.

451
00:21:57.858 --> 00:22:00.020
He did evolve
away from things.

452
00:22:01.902 --> 00:22:04.445
Jamal looked at bin Laden
with stars in his eyes

453
00:22:04.545 --> 00:22:08.850
when he was young, and then
he became disillusioned.

454
00:22:08.950 --> 00:22:12.775
He began to hate what
bin Laden had become and...

455
00:22:12.875 --> 00:22:16.819
you know, and what he had done
to Saudi society and to Islam.

456
00:22:16.919 --> 00:22:19.822
So he became
a Saudi defender

457
00:22:19.922 --> 00:22:22.305
and a supporter
of the royal family.

458
00:22:22.405 --> 00:22:23.667
[phone rings]

459
00:22:23.767 --> 00:22:26.370
♪ tense music ♪

460
00:22:28.972 --> 00:22:31.375
[bin Laden] speaking Arabic

461
00:22:40.185 --> 00:22:43.228
[Anas] speaking Arabic

462
00:23:08.977 --> 00:23:11.440
[Salem]
Jamal was a loyal Saudi.

463
00:23:11.540 --> 00:23:15.524
And I think how he defined
that loyalty over time

464
00:23:15.624 --> 00:23:17.887
clearly evolved and changed,

465
00:23:17.987 --> 00:23:20.009
as did the kingdom itself.

466
00:23:20.109 --> 00:23:24.314
He may have seen it
as the least bad option.

467
00:23:26.316 --> 00:23:27.938
I met Jamal
when I was working

468
00:23:28.038 --> 00:23:29.820
at the Middle East Institute.

469
00:23:29.920 --> 00:23:31.902
He was like a big teddy bear.

470
00:23:32.002 --> 00:23:33.905
There was just a genuineness.

471
00:23:34.005 --> 00:23:37.549
Always a smile,
even in the worst of times.

472
00:23:37.649 --> 00:23:40.672
He, in many ways,
was like a big brother to me.

473
00:23:40.772 --> 00:23:42.594
That was our relationship.

474
00:23:42.694 --> 00:23:44.196
[all] speaking Arabic

475
00:23:44.296 --> 00:23:47.280
[Salem] At the time,
he worked for the al-Faisals,

476
00:23:47.380 --> 00:23:50.003
who were seen as sort of
the intelligentsia

477
00:23:50.103 --> 00:23:52.425
of the royal family.

478
00:23:53.346 --> 00:23:55.328
[Brennan] The Saudis
were rather reluctant partners

479
00:23:55.428 --> 00:23:56.930
after 9/11,

480
00:23:57.030 --> 00:23:59.253
but Turki al-Faisal
was well-known

481
00:23:59.353 --> 00:24:01.015
for believing strongly
in the importance

482
00:24:01.115 --> 00:24:03.177
of a U.S.-Saudi relationship.

483
00:24:03.277 --> 00:24:06.741
He was my counterpart
in Saudi Arabia in the '90s.

484
00:24:06.841 --> 00:24:08.583
King Fahd was ill and infirm

485
00:24:08.683 --> 00:24:11.146
and not in day-to-day charge
of the government,

486
00:24:11.246 --> 00:24:13.589
and so Turki was determined
to make sure

487
00:24:13.689 --> 00:24:15.991
that that relationship
between Riyadh and Washington

488
00:24:16.091 --> 00:24:18.674
was going to not just
remain strong

489
00:24:18.774 --> 00:24:20.316
but in fact be strengthened.

490
00:24:20.416 --> 00:24:23.860
[applause]

491
00:24:25.422 --> 00:24:27.925
There are those
who would have you believe

492
00:24:28.025 --> 00:24:30.728
that the current wave
of terrorism

493
00:24:30.828 --> 00:24:34.212
springs from
and is or has been

494
00:24:34.312 --> 00:24:36.594
supported by Saudi Arabia.

495
00:24:38.076 --> 00:24:40.138
That is absolutely not true.

496
00:24:40.238 --> 00:24:41.980
[Brennan] After 9/11,
Prince Turki

497
00:24:42.080 --> 00:24:44.343
became Saudi ambassador
to London.

498
00:24:44.443 --> 00:24:46.746
Jamal was somebody
who had a good reputation

499
00:24:46.846 --> 00:24:49.388
in the international media,
and I think Turki thought

500
00:24:49.488 --> 00:24:52.792
that Jamal's voice
would be a useful one

501
00:24:52.892 --> 00:24:54.194
in trying to battle

502
00:24:54.294 --> 00:24:58.278
this very broad misimpression

503
00:24:58.378 --> 00:25:00.120
of Saudi Arabia as a whole.

504
00:25:00.220 --> 00:25:03.644
[train whistle blows]

505
00:25:03.744 --> 00:25:06.648
♪ gentle music ♪

506
00:25:06.748 --> 00:25:09.771
♪♪♪♪♪

507
00:25:09.871 --> 00:25:13.335
[Wright] I went to London
and I met with Turki,

508
00:25:13.435 --> 00:25:16.458
and I spent a lot of time
with Jamal there.

509
00:25:16.558 --> 00:25:20.223
He seemed to be
enjoying London.

510
00:25:20.323 --> 00:25:24.027
When you are the spokesperson
for a senior prince,

511
00:25:24.127 --> 00:25:26.129
you're untouchable.

512
00:25:27.851 --> 00:25:29.673
Jamal was useful to Turki

513
00:25:29.773 --> 00:25:33.377
because he had credibility
among reporters, like me.

514
00:25:35.299 --> 00:25:37.202
[Obaid] Jamal and I
worked very closely,

515
00:25:37.302 --> 00:25:40.165
first in London
and then in D.C.

516
00:25:40.265 --> 00:25:42.207
He was older than me,

517
00:25:42.307 --> 00:25:43.649
and so the joke
within the embassy

518
00:25:43.749 --> 00:25:44.850
and within our friends

519
00:25:44.950 --> 00:25:47.173
was that I would call him
Uncle J.

520
00:25:47.273 --> 00:25:49.775
We became quite close.

521
00:25:49.875 --> 00:25:51.537
Mornings would start at 7:30.

522
00:25:51.637 --> 00:25:54.140
We'd be the first one
at the embassy.

523
00:25:54.240 --> 00:25:57.224
After work, we would
usually go have teas.

524
00:25:57.324 --> 00:26:00.668
And in a way, work never
ended at the embassy.

525
00:26:00.768 --> 00:26:02.670
He was always the nice guy
and I was the bad guy.

526
00:26:02.770 --> 00:26:05.473
I was always giving
a hard time to the press,

527
00:26:05.573 --> 00:26:08.276
and it was crisis
after crisis after crisis.

528
00:26:08.376 --> 00:26:10.238
On the contrary, the Saudis
actually have done

529
00:26:10.338 --> 00:26:11.920
a lot behind the scenes,

530
00:26:12.020 --> 00:26:13.121
but more importantly,

531
00:26:13.221 --> 00:26:15.244
you talked about
the American media.

532
00:26:15.344 --> 00:26:16.846
They've been the-they've been
the people

533
00:26:16.946 --> 00:26:18.047
that have been
raising the issue.

534
00:26:18.147 --> 00:26:20.049
The U.S. administration,
the Bush administration

535
00:26:20.149 --> 00:26:21.651
has not at all.

536
00:26:21.751 --> 00:26:22.892
It was very raw.

537
00:26:22.992 --> 00:26:24.814
America was very upset.

538
00:26:24.914 --> 00:26:28.178
We spent a lot of our time
defending the Saudi position

539
00:26:28.278 --> 00:26:30.260
vis-à-vis the attacks
of 9/11.

540
00:26:30.360 --> 00:26:32.022
The U.S. cannot go
accusing people

541
00:26:32.122 --> 00:26:35.306
of financing, uh, terrorism
by merely--

542
00:26:35.406 --> 00:26:40.111
[indistinct] by merely
unfounded intelligence reports.

543
00:26:40.211 --> 00:26:42.594
[Obaid] You had
a Bush administration

544
00:26:42.694 --> 00:26:45.918
that was still very close
to Saudi Arabia.

545
00:26:46.018 --> 00:26:47.279
Somebody asked me
the other day,

546
00:26:47.379 --> 00:26:48.721
was I pleased with the actions
of Saudi Arabia?

547
00:26:48.821 --> 00:26:49.962
I am.

548
00:26:50.062 --> 00:26:51.484
[Obaid]
And that was important,

549
00:26:51.584 --> 00:26:53.927
because without that,
the U.S.-Saudi relationship

550
00:26:54.027 --> 00:26:54.928
could not have continued.

551
00:26:55.028 --> 00:26:59.513
♪♪♪♪♪

552
00:27:04.719 --> 00:27:07.221
It's up to us
to bankrupt the terrorists

553
00:27:07.321 --> 00:27:09.664
and those who finance them
so they will never again

554
00:27:09.764 --> 00:27:12.828
have the resources
to commit such atrocities

555
00:27:12.928 --> 00:27:14.109
against the American people

556
00:27:14.209 --> 00:27:16.712
as we experienced
on September 11th.

557
00:27:16.812 --> 00:27:18.514
[Maloney]
The 9/11 families believe,

558
00:27:18.614 --> 00:27:20.676
and we've alleged formally
in a complaint

559
00:27:20.776 --> 00:27:21.718
filed in federal court,

560
00:27:21.818 --> 00:27:23.960
that members
of the Saudi government

561
00:27:24.060 --> 00:27:25.642
conspired with al-Qaeda

562
00:27:25.742 --> 00:27:27.884
for more than a decade
in funding them,

563
00:27:27.984 --> 00:27:30.647
financing them,
providing logistical support,

564
00:27:30.747 --> 00:27:34.211
and other means and methods
to keep them going.

565
00:27:34.311 --> 00:27:36.254
What we hear
from American officials,

566
00:27:36.354 --> 00:27:37.655
they are happy
with the cooperation.

567
00:27:37.755 --> 00:27:39.177
They are happy
with the information

568
00:27:39.277 --> 00:27:40.338
they are getting
from the Saudis.

569
00:27:40.438 --> 00:27:41.820
They are getting
plenty of information

570
00:27:41.920 --> 00:27:44.543
about the case
of the 15 hijackers.

571
00:27:44.643 --> 00:27:47.386
[Clarke] How did money move
to bin Laden?

572
00:27:47.486 --> 00:27:49.588
Did it move
through Saudi banks?

573
00:27:49.688 --> 00:27:51.711
Were there wealthy
Saudi individuals

574
00:27:51.811 --> 00:27:52.872
who were funding him?

575
00:27:52.972 --> 00:27:54.634
There was a lot
of cooperation

576
00:27:54.734 --> 00:27:56.676
that we wanted
out of the Saudi government

577
00:27:56.776 --> 00:27:58.759
that we did not get.

578
00:27:58.859 --> 00:28:01.842
[Maloney] Our own government
withheld a lot of material

579
00:28:01.942 --> 00:28:05.306
to prevent us
from embarrassing the Saudis.

580
00:28:07.348 --> 00:28:09.531
There's obviously a lot
of political influence

581
00:28:09.631 --> 00:28:12.214
the Saudis still enjoy
in Washington, D.C.,

582
00:28:12.314 --> 00:28:14.656
and they made
their best efforts

583
00:28:14.756 --> 00:28:17.019
to prevent this lawsuit from
ever seeing the light of day.

584
00:28:17.119 --> 00:28:19.702
♪♪♪♪♪

585
00:28:19.802 --> 00:28:21.744
[Soufan] I don't call
Saudi Arabia an ally.

586
00:28:21.844 --> 00:28:24.427
I never called
Saudi Arabia an ally.

587
00:28:24.527 --> 00:28:27.791
They always look to cover up
what they don't want

588
00:28:27.891 --> 00:28:29.833
the outside world to know

589
00:28:29.933 --> 00:28:32.036
about events and activities

590
00:28:32.136 --> 00:28:33.998
and networks
inside the kingdom.

591
00:28:34.098 --> 00:28:36.961
♪♪♪♪♪

592
00:28:37.061 --> 00:28:39.083
[Clarke] You have to remember,
this was a government

593
00:28:39.183 --> 00:28:42.848
that was very sympathetic
to the Saudi royal family.

594
00:28:42.948 --> 00:28:46.552
And the Bush family had ties
going back for decades.

595
00:28:48.073 --> 00:28:49.535
I think the Bush
administration's

596
00:28:49.635 --> 00:28:52.859
number one goal
after 9/11 was Iraq.

597
00:28:52.959 --> 00:28:55.702
They sat down
the first week after 9/11

598
00:28:55.802 --> 00:28:58.265
and said, "Shall we go
into Afghanistan first?

599
00:28:58.365 --> 00:29:01.308
Or shall we go
into Iraq first?"

600
00:29:01.408 --> 00:29:03.310
I felt like a man from Mars,

601
00:29:03.410 --> 00:29:08.076
and I said to them,
"Invading Iraq after 9/11

602
00:29:08.176 --> 00:29:10.118
would be like
if Franklin Roosevelt,

603
00:29:10.218 --> 00:29:12.761
after Pearl Harbor, had said,

604
00:29:12.861 --> 00:29:15.043
'Let's invade Mexico.'"

605
00:29:15.143 --> 00:29:18.287
I didn't understand how these
very rational senior people

606
00:29:18.387 --> 00:29:20.449
had lost their mind,

607
00:29:20.549 --> 00:29:22.492
and I don't think
the Bush administration

608
00:29:22.592 --> 00:29:25.455
could have fought the Iraq War
without Saudi support.

609
00:29:25.555 --> 00:29:28.258
[indistinct chatter]

610
00:29:28.358 --> 00:29:29.619
[Bishara]
I think Saudi Arabia

611
00:29:29.719 --> 00:29:32.142
became even more
indispensable

612
00:29:32.242 --> 00:29:34.625
for the United States.

613
00:29:34.725 --> 00:29:36.908
Jamal Khashoggi
and Turki al-Faisal,

614
00:29:37.008 --> 00:29:41.473
they were champions
of Saudi-American relations.

615
00:29:41.573 --> 00:29:44.316
Never defended it.
Never justified it.

616
00:29:44.416 --> 00:29:46.638
They were champions of it.

617
00:29:46.738 --> 00:29:49.241
[Wright] Jamal
was the only Arab I met

618
00:29:49.341 --> 00:29:52.445
who was a supporter
of the war.

619
00:29:52.545 --> 00:29:55.929
By the time
the U.S. invaded Iraq,

620
00:29:56.029 --> 00:29:57.130
he struck me as a neocon.

621
00:29:57.230 --> 00:29:58.692
He was all in favor of it.

622
00:29:58.792 --> 00:30:00.794
speaking Arabic

623
00:30:12.807 --> 00:30:14.750
[Obaid]
He was nationalistic.

624
00:30:14.850 --> 00:30:16.992
He felt very much
involved in it,

625
00:30:17.092 --> 00:30:19.835
and so, you know,
it's times change,

626
00:30:19.935 --> 00:30:23.539
but a lot of people
don't know that side of Jamal.

627
00:30:24.700 --> 00:30:26.703
Jamal took it very personally.

628
00:30:28.064 --> 00:30:30.167
Some of the papers,
including The New York Times,

629
00:30:30.267 --> 00:30:31.889
insist on calling him
a dissident.

630
00:30:31.989 --> 00:30:33.771
Jamal was...

631
00:30:33.871 --> 00:30:34.852
[Bradley] You've
arrested reformers

632
00:30:34.952 --> 00:30:36.293
by the hundreds
and the thousands.

633
00:30:36.393 --> 00:30:37.535
No, no, no, reformers,
they were never

634
00:30:37.635 --> 00:30:38.936
arrested by the, uh--

635
00:30:39.036 --> 00:30:41.019
Peaceful demonstrators
who went into the street,

636
00:30:41.119 --> 00:30:44.182
there were many hundreds
of them arrested in Riyadh--

637
00:30:44.282 --> 00:30:46.184
The demonstrators...
those demonstrators

638
00:30:46.284 --> 00:30:49.828
were ans-they were answering
a call of an al-Qaeda activist.

639
00:30:49.928 --> 00:30:52.351
They were answering the call
of Sa'ad Al-Faqih.

640
00:30:52.451 --> 00:30:54.193
They were not
peaceful demonstrators.

641
00:30:54.293 --> 00:30:56.436
[Bradley] They were holding
Korans above their head,

642
00:30:56.536 --> 00:30:57.757
and they were
peaceful demonstrators.

643
00:30:57.857 --> 00:30:59.079
- They were unarmed.
- But again,

644
00:30:59.179 --> 00:31:01.081
there were no shooting;
they were released.

645
00:31:01.181 --> 00:31:02.402
[Bradley]
There was shooting.

646
00:31:02.502 --> 00:31:04.244
They shot rubber bullets
over their heads.

647
00:31:04.344 --> 00:31:06.367
The-uh, nobody was killed.

648
00:31:06.467 --> 00:31:08.729
Uh, they were all released.

649
00:31:08.829 --> 00:31:11.493
We don't have
this situation where we...

650
00:31:11.593 --> 00:31:14.576
where people demonstrate
in the streets and chaos.

651
00:31:14.676 --> 00:31:16.378
No, we don't have
any-any of that.

652
00:31:16.478 --> 00:31:17.539
Saudi Arabia is very stable.

653
00:31:17.639 --> 00:31:20.543
♪ tense music ♪

654
00:31:20.643 --> 00:31:25.528
♪♪♪♪♪

655
00:31:27.050 --> 00:31:29.432
[Faris as Khashoggi] A country
as proud as Saudi Arabia

656
00:31:29.532 --> 00:31:32.596
doesn't take easily
to outside advice.

657
00:31:32.696 --> 00:31:34.959
Yet just because 15 Saudis

658
00:31:35.059 --> 00:31:38.362
committed the biggest
terrorist atrocity in history,

659
00:31:38.462 --> 00:31:40.685
some Americans are now calling

660
00:31:40.785 --> 00:31:43.008
for the imposition
of a foreign culture

661
00:31:43.108 --> 00:31:45.530
on our Muslim society.

662
00:31:45.630 --> 00:31:48.353
That is why we have
to fight back.

663
00:31:49.795 --> 00:31:52.178
Last November,
Prince Turki al-Faisal

664
00:31:52.278 --> 00:31:54.460
won a legal battle
against the families

665
00:31:54.560 --> 00:31:56.663
of September 11th victims.

666
00:31:56.763 --> 00:31:58.765
This was good news.

667
00:32:00.046 --> 00:32:01.108
The Bush administration

668
00:32:01.208 --> 00:32:03.851
still considers Saudi Arabia
a friend.

669
00:32:05.893 --> 00:32:08.936
But we do not know
what the future holds.

670
00:32:10.778 --> 00:32:14.522
[Bishara] Jamal's 30 years
in Arab media

671
00:32:14.622 --> 00:32:17.686
reflect Saudi relations
with the United States

672
00:32:17.786 --> 00:32:20.449
and Arab public opinion.

673
00:32:20.549 --> 00:32:24.694
He championed the cause
for American-Saudi cooperation

674
00:32:24.794 --> 00:32:27.937
against the Soviet Union
in Afghanistan.

675
00:32:28.037 --> 00:32:30.540
After 9/11, they worked
with the United States

676
00:32:30.640 --> 00:32:32.462
against Saddam Hussein
of Iraq

677
00:32:32.562 --> 00:32:35.506
and supported
the U.S. war on terror.

678
00:32:35.606 --> 00:32:38.149
At each and every junction

679
00:32:38.249 --> 00:32:40.992
in modern Saudi history

680
00:32:41.092 --> 00:32:44.276
and modern
U.S.-Saudi relations,

681
00:32:44.376 --> 00:32:46.999
Jamal was there
at that crossroad,

682
00:32:47.099 --> 00:32:51.063
either reporting,
explaining, or spinning.

683
00:32:52.064 --> 00:32:55.588
But he was taken by surprise
by the Arab Spring.

684
00:32:57.870 --> 00:33:00.914
[crowd] chanting in Arabic

685
00:33:08.242 --> 00:33:11.706
[Bishara] The Arab Spring
was indeed a revolution

686
00:33:11.806 --> 00:33:14.389
that shook Saudi Arabia.

687
00:33:14.489 --> 00:33:17.192
It was like an earthquake.

688
00:33:17.292 --> 00:33:20.596
In the past, you could always
count on the United States.

689
00:33:20.696 --> 00:33:23.279
But when it came
to the Arab Spring,

690
00:33:23.379 --> 00:33:25.762
they could not find help
in Washington.

691
00:33:25.862 --> 00:33:27.323
[all] chanting in Arabic

692
00:33:27.423 --> 00:33:28.885
[Bishara]
That was unprecedented,

693
00:33:28.985 --> 00:33:31.768
that was unthinkable,
and it was so sudden.

694
00:33:31.868 --> 00:33:33.870
[all] chanting in Arabic

695
00:33:36.754 --> 00:33:39.477
[Karman] speaking Arabic

696
00:33:57.897 --> 00:33:59.599
[man] speaking Arabic

697
00:33:59.699 --> 00:34:02.322
[Soltan]
It felt like coming home.

698
00:34:02.422 --> 00:34:04.445
Seeing young Arabs

699
00:34:04.545 --> 00:34:06.607
take to the streets

700
00:34:06.707 --> 00:34:09.410
to realize that dream

701
00:34:09.510 --> 00:34:11.332
for self-determination,

702
00:34:11.432 --> 00:34:14.095
for liberty, freedom,

703
00:34:14.195 --> 00:34:16.458
bread, social justice

704
00:34:16.558 --> 00:34:18.540
was my dream coming true,

705
00:34:18.640 --> 00:34:20.642
and I couldn't
not take part in it.

706
00:34:47.833 --> 00:34:49.695
[all] chanting in Arabic

707
00:34:49.795 --> 00:34:52.658
♪ light dramatic music ♪

708
00:34:52.758 --> 00:34:55.982
♪♪♪♪♪

709
00:34:56.082 --> 00:34:57.864
[Obaid] When the Arab Spring
kicked off,

710
00:34:57.964 --> 00:35:00.907
that was kind of our first
open disagreement.

711
00:35:01.007 --> 00:35:02.989
He was for what happened
in other countries,

712
00:35:03.089 --> 00:35:04.791
and I was against it.

713
00:35:04.891 --> 00:35:06.794
It called it
"the so-called Arab Spring,"

714
00:35:06.894 --> 00:35:09.397
because what does that mean
for other countries

715
00:35:09.497 --> 00:35:12.240
of which Saudi Arabia
is an ally and a supporter?

716
00:35:12.340 --> 00:35:15.483
♪ dramatic music ♪

717
00:35:15.583 --> 00:35:17.325
♪♪♪♪♪

718
00:35:17.425 --> 00:35:19.007
[Brennan] At the time
of the Arab Spring,

719
00:35:19.107 --> 00:35:23.412
King Abdullah was viewed
as being somewhat skeptical

720
00:35:23.512 --> 00:35:26.335
of that
U.S.-Saudi relationship.

721
00:35:26.435 --> 00:35:29.379
He didn't support everything
that the United States did

722
00:35:29.479 --> 00:35:31.101
in the region,
and I think there were people

723
00:35:31.201 --> 00:35:33.023
who came in with
the Obama administration

724
00:35:33.123 --> 00:35:35.706
who had, oh, I think,
a rather jaundiced view,

725
00:35:35.806 --> 00:35:36.907
uh, of Saudi Arabia.

726
00:35:37.007 --> 00:35:38.869
There were problems
with the fact

727
00:35:38.969 --> 00:35:40.351
that these governments

728
00:35:40.451 --> 00:35:42.914
kind of couldn't keep a lid
on things anymore.

729
00:35:43.014 --> 00:35:46.197
I was in a group of advisors

730
00:35:46.297 --> 00:35:48.880
who were urging
President Obama

731
00:35:48.980 --> 00:35:52.264
to try to support
a transition to democracy.

732
00:35:53.666 --> 00:35:55.247
King Abdullah
of Saudi Arabia

733
00:35:55.347 --> 00:35:57.690
wanted to talk to Obama,

734
00:35:57.790 --> 00:35:59.532
and I remember
in that phone call

735
00:35:59.632 --> 00:36:03.256
King Abdullah was absolutely
livid about this,

736
00:36:03.356 --> 00:36:06.340
and his basic line was,

737
00:36:06.440 --> 00:36:08.422
everybody in that square

738
00:36:08.522 --> 00:36:11.085
is either a terrorist
or an Iranian agent.

739
00:36:12.286 --> 00:36:15.670
Which was just
patently not true.

740
00:36:15.770 --> 00:36:18.714
And President Obama
called Mubarak and told him,

741
00:36:18.814 --> 00:36:20.075
"Look, I think
you need to step down.

742
00:36:20.175 --> 00:36:21.757
I don't think these protests
are going to stop."

743
00:36:21.857 --> 00:36:24.160
[all] shouting in Arabic

744
00:36:24.260 --> 00:36:27.043
[Soltan] We were
at the presidential palace.

745
00:36:27.143 --> 00:36:29.846
We told the army generals

746
00:36:29.946 --> 00:36:33.089
that after this prayer,

747
00:36:33.189 --> 00:36:37.254
we were going to break through
and storm the palace.

748
00:36:37.354 --> 00:36:39.096
We said, "If you open fire
on the front line,

749
00:36:39.196 --> 00:36:40.698
there's 50,000 people
behind us.

750
00:36:40.798 --> 00:36:42.580
We're getting in regardless."

751
00:36:42.680 --> 00:36:45.063
I remember crying my eyes out
because I felt like

752
00:36:45.163 --> 00:36:46.625
this could be my last prayer,

753
00:36:46.725 --> 00:36:49.307
that if they opened fire,
you know, this was worth it.

754
00:36:49.407 --> 00:36:52.471
[crowd shouting]

755
00:36:52.571 --> 00:36:54.994
[Soltan] We hear the
announcement on the P.A.

756
00:36:55.094 --> 00:36:57.857
[man over P.A. system]
speaking Arabic

757
00:37:10.711 --> 00:37:13.134
[crowd cheering wildly]

758
00:37:13.234 --> 00:37:16.538
♪ uplifting music ♪

759
00:37:16.638 --> 00:37:19.901
[all] chanting in Arabic

760
00:37:20.001 --> 00:37:24.727
♪♪♪♪♪

761
00:37:38.782 --> 00:37:42.086
[Soltan]
It was the best of Egypt.

762
00:37:42.186 --> 00:37:44.889
And it was the best of
the Arab world at that time,

763
00:37:44.989 --> 00:37:47.452
best 18 days
of our generation.

764
00:37:47.552 --> 00:37:50.756
- [crowd cheering]
- [fireworks popping]

765
00:37:51.556 --> 00:37:53.979
It was...

766
00:37:54.079 --> 00:37:55.381
one hell of a time.

767
00:37:55.481 --> 00:37:57.483
[laughs]

768
00:37:58.885 --> 00:38:01.788
♪ gentle music ♪

769
00:38:01.888 --> 00:38:04.511
♪♪♪♪♪

770
00:38:04.611 --> 00:38:07.554
[Faris as Khashoggi]
Egyptians did not need anyone

771
00:38:07.654 --> 00:38:10.157
to teach them how to be free.

772
00:38:10.257 --> 00:38:13.441
I saw them take to it

773
00:38:13.541 --> 00:38:16.364
like a human instinct.

774
00:38:16.464 --> 00:38:19.047
At the time, I was living
a new love story

775
00:38:19.147 --> 00:38:21.290
and a new marriage.

776
00:38:21.390 --> 00:38:26.095
Egypt was also living
its love story with freedom.

777
00:38:26.195 --> 00:38:30.460
It was the happiest time
for both of us.

778
00:38:30.560 --> 00:38:32.742
[Salem] Jamal was
a big romantic.

779
00:38:32.842 --> 00:38:35.545
In every sense, a romantic.

780
00:38:35.645 --> 00:38:37.808
You get swept up in it.

781
00:38:39.329 --> 00:38:42.874
Jamal loved strong,
intelligent women,

782
00:38:42.974 --> 00:38:45.837
and at the start
of the Arab Spring,

783
00:38:45.937 --> 00:38:50.001
he'd married a really
wonderful woman, Dr. Alaa.

784
00:38:50.101 --> 00:38:53.325
♪♪♪♪♪

785
00:38:53.425 --> 00:38:58.090
And there is a certain romance
to revolutions,

786
00:38:58.190 --> 00:39:01.895
to the idea
that you can throw off

787
00:39:01.995 --> 00:39:04.017
the restrictions

788
00:39:04.117 --> 00:39:07.221
that seemed impossible
to shake

789
00:39:07.321 --> 00:39:11.025
and that you could think
and discuss ideas

790
00:39:11.125 --> 00:39:14.429
that were forbidden before,

791
00:39:14.529 --> 00:39:18.753
and that...that oxygen,
I think, is intoxicating.

792
00:39:18.853 --> 00:39:22.357
♪♪♪♪♪

793
00:39:22.457 --> 00:39:24.960
[Obaid] Jamal was very open
about how happy he was

794
00:39:25.060 --> 00:39:27.103
that Mubarak had gone down.

795
00:39:28.224 --> 00:39:30.126
But he made a lot of enemies

796
00:39:30.226 --> 00:39:32.929
because of his writing
and his tweets,

797
00:39:33.029 --> 00:39:34.931
and I kept telling Jamal,
"Stop.

798
00:39:35.031 --> 00:39:36.293
You know, stop."

799
00:39:36.393 --> 00:39:38.295
We had a lot of arguments
about it.

800
00:39:38.395 --> 00:39:40.217
King Abdullah kept
getting angry at him,

801
00:39:40.317 --> 00:39:42.139
told him, you know,
"What you're writing,

802
00:39:42.239 --> 00:39:44.302
you know, relax."

803
00:39:44.402 --> 00:39:47.465
There was a sense
of a lot of worry.

804
00:39:47.565 --> 00:39:51.149
I would say the relationship
Saudi Arabia had with America

805
00:39:51.249 --> 00:39:53.392
started being very testy.

806
00:39:53.492 --> 00:39:55.554
The Saudis believed,

807
00:39:55.654 --> 00:39:58.998
uh, that we let Mubarak down,

808
00:39:59.098 --> 00:40:00.600
um, that he had been

809
00:40:00.700 --> 00:40:02.442
a very loyal ally
for 30 years,

810
00:40:02.542 --> 00:40:05.325
that he had done what we
asked him to do many times,

811
00:40:05.425 --> 00:40:08.088
and that at the first sign
of trouble,

812
00:40:08.188 --> 00:40:09.610
uh, we threw him under the bus.

813
00:40:09.710 --> 00:40:13.094
[all] chanting in Arabic

814
00:40:13.194 --> 00:40:16.537
Saudi Arabia was paying
people to protest.

815
00:40:16.637 --> 00:40:19.541
[all] chanting in Arabic

816
00:40:19.641 --> 00:40:21.423
[Rhodes] And ultimately,
this results

817
00:40:21.523 --> 00:40:23.465
in the Egyptian military
overthrowing

818
00:40:23.565 --> 00:40:25.307
a democratically elected
government

819
00:40:25.407 --> 00:40:26.989
with the backing
of Saudi Arabia.

820
00:40:27.089 --> 00:40:28.511
They funded it.

821
00:40:28.611 --> 00:40:31.354
They drove the media strategy
behind it.

822
00:40:31.454 --> 00:40:34.157
[Brennan] Saudi Arabia
and others were concerned

823
00:40:34.257 --> 00:40:36.520
that the Arab Spring
was going to,

824
00:40:36.620 --> 00:40:37.761
uh, go out of control.

825
00:40:37.861 --> 00:40:39.323
Nobody wanted that.

826
00:40:39.423 --> 00:40:41.285
United States didn't want that.
Saudi Arabia didn't want that.

827
00:40:41.385 --> 00:40:42.727
[man] It was reported
that Egypt's

828
00:40:42.827 --> 00:40:45.369
first democratically
elected president

829
00:40:45.469 --> 00:40:47.572
was no longer allowed
to leave the country

830
00:40:47.672 --> 00:40:49.294
and that the army
was deploying

831
00:40:49.394 --> 00:40:51.576
not just here
but on the streets.

832
00:40:51.676 --> 00:40:54.620
♪ dark music ♪

833
00:40:54.720 --> 00:40:56.862
[Rhodes] President Obama,
at this point,

834
00:40:56.962 --> 00:40:59.185
is kind of worn down by this,

835
00:40:59.285 --> 00:41:02.148
and we never followed through
on a policy

836
00:41:02.248 --> 00:41:04.250
that really prioritized
democracy promotion.

837
00:41:05.532 --> 00:41:07.314
Not only was that
kind of the death knell

838
00:41:07.414 --> 00:41:10.878
of the Arab Spring,
but it was also kind of,

839
00:41:10.978 --> 00:41:13.000
to me,
like a pretty cynical,

840
00:41:13.100 --> 00:41:15.203
you know, hypocritical thing.

841
00:41:15.303 --> 00:41:16.524
No, it's not cynical.

842
00:41:16.624 --> 00:41:18.006
See, these are naive--
I don't--

843
00:41:18.106 --> 00:41:19.407
I mean, I hate to tell
Mr. Rhodes,

844
00:41:19.507 --> 00:41:21.249
but these are-these are-
these are superficial, naive,

845
00:41:21.349 --> 00:41:24.613
and ra-rather fatuous
arguments.

846
00:41:24.713 --> 00:41:25.814
Uh, they may sell books.

847
00:41:25.914 --> 00:41:27.296
I hope he does sell
a lot of books,

848
00:41:27.396 --> 00:41:29.178
but, um...
[chuckles]

849
00:41:29.278 --> 00:41:31.861
...those-those--you know,
the role of the Saudis

850
00:41:31.961 --> 00:41:33.143
in global oil markets,

851
00:41:33.243 --> 00:41:35.185
the role of Saudi Arabia
in countering,

852
00:41:35.285 --> 00:41:37.267
uh, Islamic terrorism,

853
00:41:37.367 --> 00:41:40.030
you know, do you really want
a Saudi Arabia

854
00:41:40.130 --> 00:41:43.033
that looks like,
um, you know,

855
00:41:43.133 --> 00:41:45.116
what's happening
in Beirut or Syria

856
00:41:45.216 --> 00:41:47.118
or Baghdad or Tehran today?

857
00:41:47.218 --> 00:41:48.600
Is that really what you want?

858
00:41:48.700 --> 00:41:51.483
[indistinct chatter]

859
00:41:51.583 --> 00:41:54.606
[Soltan] When the military
coup happened,

860
00:41:54.706 --> 00:41:56.809
there were tens of thousands
of people

861
00:41:56.909 --> 00:41:59.332
that came out to protest.

862
00:41:59.432 --> 00:42:00.773
[all] chanting in Arabic

863
00:42:00.873 --> 00:42:02.775
[Soltan] The military
and security forces

864
00:42:02.875 --> 00:42:05.098
surrounded Rabaa Square.

865
00:42:05.198 --> 00:42:07.421
[all] chanting in Arabic

866
00:42:07.521 --> 00:42:10.784
[Soltan] They were coming in
like it was an armed group

867
00:42:10.884 --> 00:42:15.149
that they were coming
to basically ambush.

868
00:42:15.249 --> 00:42:17.912
[artillery firing]

869
00:42:18.012 --> 00:42:20.315
[people shouting]

870
00:42:20.415 --> 00:42:22.798
[car alarms blaring]

871
00:42:22.898 --> 00:42:25.801
♪ desolate music ♪

872
00:42:25.901 --> 00:42:30.746
♪♪♪♪♪

873
00:42:38.595 --> 00:42:40.257
[Soltan] There were
people falling,

874
00:42:40.357 --> 00:42:41.538
people by your side.

875
00:42:41.638 --> 00:42:42.980
A bullet could hit you
at any time.

876
00:42:43.080 --> 00:42:45.503
[artillery firing]

877
00:42:45.603 --> 00:42:48.246
Shots fired
from every direction.

878
00:42:50.688 --> 00:42:52.310
Cars exploding.

879
00:42:52.410 --> 00:42:53.672
[car alarms blaring]

880
00:42:53.772 --> 00:42:55.834
And then I get hit.

881
00:42:55.934 --> 00:42:57.356
People start rushing at me,

882
00:42:57.456 --> 00:43:01.200
and they carry me
into a makeshift hospital.

883
00:43:01.300 --> 00:43:04.204
Everybody there was dying.

884
00:43:04.304 --> 00:43:07.227
[all] speaking Arabic

885
00:43:09.429 --> 00:43:10.931
[Soltan] There was this, like,
distinct smell

886
00:43:11.031 --> 00:43:12.893
of gunpowder and blood.

887
00:43:12.993 --> 00:43:15.496
[car alarms blaring]

888
00:43:15.596 --> 00:43:17.699
I remember just laying there.

889
00:43:17.799 --> 00:43:19.420
I closed my eyes.

890
00:43:19.520 --> 00:43:23.705
And that moment, I...

891
00:43:23.805 --> 00:43:26.228
I felt so helpless,

892
00:43:26.328 --> 00:43:30.713
so hopeless, I just...

893
00:43:30.813 --> 00:43:32.875
♪♪♪♪♪

894
00:43:32.975 --> 00:43:36.239
Rabaa was the day
that the Arab Spring...

895
00:43:36.339 --> 00:43:38.341
that was the nail
in the coffin.

896
00:43:40.664 --> 00:43:42.406
[man] It was almost certainly

897
00:43:42.506 --> 00:43:44.528
the single bloodiest day
of events

898
00:43:44.628 --> 00:43:47.011
since the start
of the Arab Spring.

899
00:43:47.111 --> 00:43:50.735
Egyptian officials say
that 525 people were killed,

900
00:43:50.835 --> 00:43:52.898
though opponents say
the true number

901
00:43:52.998 --> 00:43:55.300
could be four times as many.

902
00:43:55.400 --> 00:43:58.304
[somber music]

903
00:43:58.404 --> 00:44:03.489
♪♪♪♪♪

904
00:44:07.093 --> 00:44:10.657
There was the temptation
to support the revolutions.

905
00:44:12.419 --> 00:44:15.603
I believe it is
the right thing to do.

906
00:44:15.703 --> 00:44:18.286
But in my writing,
I do my best

907
00:44:18.386 --> 00:44:21.289
to just be a journalist

908
00:44:21.389 --> 00:44:24.312
and not become
a revolutionary.

909
00:44:26.835 --> 00:44:28.737
[Wright] The Arab Spring
was crushed.

910
00:44:28.837 --> 00:44:30.940
It was destroyed.

911
00:44:31.040 --> 00:44:33.983
And what the Arab Spring
stood for in large part

912
00:44:34.083 --> 00:44:35.945
was freedom of expression,

913
00:44:36.045 --> 00:44:40.430
and that had a profound
influence on Jamal's thinking.

914
00:44:40.530 --> 00:44:42.913
Suddenly he saw
that freedom of expression

915
00:44:43.013 --> 00:44:45.556
was the key to reform
in the Arab world

916
00:44:45.656 --> 00:44:47.959
and especially
in Saudi Arabia.

917
00:44:48.059 --> 00:44:49.520
[hammers banging]

918
00:44:49.620 --> 00:44:52.804
That's where
Al-Arab came from.

919
00:44:52.904 --> 00:44:56.048
Jamal saw the opportunity
to create a middle road,

920
00:44:56.148 --> 00:44:57.609
you know, his own channel,

921
00:44:57.709 --> 00:44:59.812
free of government censorship,

922
00:44:59.912 --> 00:45:03.256
but not attacking
the royal family all the time,

923
00:45:03.356 --> 00:45:05.979
and he was aided
by one particular

924
00:45:06.079 --> 00:45:07.500
royal family member,

925
00:45:07.600 --> 00:45:10.824
Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal.

926
00:45:10.924 --> 00:45:13.868
And at first, it seemed
like there might be room

927
00:45:13.968 --> 00:45:16.991
for an independent voice
in the kingdom.

928
00:45:17.091 --> 00:45:19.974
speaking Arabic

929
00:45:33.950 --> 00:45:36.933
[Obaid] Jamal always had
a very good relationship

930
00:45:37.033 --> 00:45:38.695
with Prince Waleed.

931
00:45:38.795 --> 00:45:42.179
You know, the infamous
investor, Mr. Citibank,

932
00:45:42.279 --> 00:45:43.861
that made a lot of money.

933
00:45:43.961 --> 00:45:46.464
So, you know, he's a very
well-known individual

934
00:45:46.564 --> 00:45:48.065
on the international scene

935
00:45:48.165 --> 00:45:50.548
and has always been
an outspoken member

936
00:45:50.648 --> 00:45:52.510
of the Saudi royal family,

937
00:45:52.610 --> 00:45:54.553
but at the same time, again,
very much like Jamal,

938
00:45:54.653 --> 00:45:57.636
always very much
within the construct

939
00:45:57.736 --> 00:45:59.438
of the loyalty to the king

940
00:45:59.538 --> 00:46:00.920
and to his country
and so forth.

941
00:46:01.020 --> 00:46:02.962
[woman] speaking Arabic

942
00:46:03.062 --> 00:46:06.085
[Salem] Jamal was so hopeful
about Al-Arab.

943
00:46:06.185 --> 00:46:08.889
He was trying to hire
the best and brightest.

944
00:46:08.989 --> 00:46:13.093
Anyone who worked
in Arab media knew of him,

945
00:46:13.193 --> 00:46:15.136
and even if you didn't agree

946
00:46:15.236 --> 00:46:17.018
with his positions
over time,

947
00:46:17.118 --> 00:46:18.940
it's hard not to admire Jamal.

948
00:46:19.040 --> 00:46:20.902
Stand by, camera one.
Stand by, sound.

949
00:46:21.002 --> 00:46:22.023
Cue.

950
00:46:22.123 --> 00:46:23.345
[Fawaz] Al-Arab news channel

951
00:46:23.445 --> 00:46:25.627
was gonna have
the best of everything.

952
00:46:25.727 --> 00:46:28.390
Even the owner,
Prince Waleed bin Talal,

953
00:46:28.490 --> 00:46:30.593
even he was aiming to be,

954
00:46:30.693 --> 00:46:32.515
if not number one, number two

955
00:46:32.615 --> 00:46:34.237
as-as-as-as a start.

956
00:46:34.337 --> 00:46:36.760
[Al Shaikhli]
Jamal was very confident

957
00:46:36.860 --> 00:46:38.762
of the vision of the station

958
00:46:38.862 --> 00:46:42.446
and that he had the backing
of the royal family.

959
00:46:42.546 --> 00:46:46.090
We were all ready to launch on
the first of February, 2015,

960
00:46:46.190 --> 00:46:47.892
and everybody had that energy.

961
00:46:47.992 --> 00:46:49.894
You know, when the...
when you launch a station,

962
00:46:49.994 --> 00:46:52.036
there's always this...
an energy that comes with it.

963
00:46:53.638 --> 00:46:57.062
[Salem] For Jamal,
there was so much hope.

964
00:46:57.162 --> 00:47:00.266
Al-Arab was his last
great passion project.

965
00:47:00.366 --> 00:47:02.268
[woman] speaking Arabic

966
00:47:02.368 --> 00:47:04.550
In six, five,

967
00:47:04.650 --> 00:47:07.554
four, three, two, one.

968
00:47:07.654 --> 00:47:08.755
Go, [indistinct].

969
00:47:08.855 --> 00:47:11.919
♪ exciting music ♪

970
00:47:12.019 --> 00:47:13.120
♪♪♪♪♪

971
00:47:13.220 --> 00:47:17.565
speaking Arabic

972
00:47:17.665 --> 00:47:21.049
[exciting news theme]

973
00:47:21.149 --> 00:47:23.131
[cheers and applause]

974
00:47:23.231 --> 00:47:26.455
[Fawaz] I turned around,
and I said, "Jamal, we did it.

975
00:47:26.555 --> 00:47:28.557
You can relax now."

976
00:47:30.159 --> 00:47:32.221
speaking Arabic

977
00:47:32.321 --> 00:47:35.665
I had my show
at eleven o'clock at night.

978
00:47:35.765 --> 00:47:38.148
I went back home,
thinking, "Okay,

979
00:47:38.248 --> 00:47:40.150
tomorrow we have to get up;
tomorrow's the next day.

980
00:47:40.250 --> 00:47:42.332
We have to start again."

981
00:47:43.093 --> 00:47:45.676
[Fawaz] I had
my phone ringing.

982
00:47:45.776 --> 00:47:48.920
I look at the phone,
I said, "Shit."

983
00:47:49.020 --> 00:47:51.002
[Al Shaikhli] Gentlemen
came to the station,

984
00:47:51.102 --> 00:47:53.324
to the master control room,
and they said

985
00:47:53.424 --> 00:47:55.767
we need to stop the broadcast.

986
00:47:55.867 --> 00:47:59.091
[Fawaz] They are really
asking us to shut down.

987
00:47:59.191 --> 00:48:01.574
We can't have anything
on the air.

988
00:48:01.674 --> 00:48:04.637
They ask to broadcast
just black.

989
00:48:07.240 --> 00:48:08.621
[high-pitched tone]

990
00:48:08.721 --> 00:48:11.084
And, uh, that was it.

991
00:48:13.727 --> 00:48:15.149
[man] Just three days
before the shutdown,

992
00:48:15.249 --> 00:48:17.551
a new king took the throne.

993
00:48:17.651 --> 00:48:20.454
Was that transition the issue?

994
00:48:21.856 --> 00:48:24.319
[inhales deeply, sighs]

995
00:48:24.419 --> 00:48:26.041
Um...

996
00:48:26.141 --> 00:48:28.884
yep.

997
00:48:28.984 --> 00:48:31.367
That-that was it.
That was it.

998
00:48:31.467 --> 00:48:33.209
♪ tense music ♪

999
00:48:33.309 --> 00:48:36.212
[people cheering]

1000
00:48:36.312 --> 00:48:41.198
♪♪♪♪♪

1001
00:48:46.684 --> 00:48:48.145
[Rundell] King Abdullah dies,

1002
00:48:48.245 --> 00:48:52.750
and the new king is Salman,
and no one really expects

1003
00:48:52.850 --> 00:48:55.914
there to be
any profound change.

1004
00:48:56.014 --> 00:48:57.916
But within the first 60 days,

1005
00:48:58.016 --> 00:49:00.399
things began to change
pretty quickly.

1006
00:49:00.499 --> 00:49:02.081
The king,
first thing he did was,

1007
00:49:02.181 --> 00:49:04.564
he made his son
the defense minister,

1008
00:49:04.664 --> 00:49:07.206
and he began
to pretty radically change

1009
00:49:07.306 --> 00:49:09.589
the way the Saudi government
was structured.

1010
00:49:10.270 --> 00:49:12.933
[Soufan] King Salman
wanted to cut the wings

1011
00:49:13.033 --> 00:49:15.376
of anyone else
in the royal family

1012
00:49:15.476 --> 00:49:19.100
and keep everything inside
his own immediate family,

1013
00:49:19.200 --> 00:49:21.262
especially his son.

1014
00:49:21.362 --> 00:49:24.786
[Rhodes] Mohammed bin Salman
was not even 30 years old.

1015
00:49:24.886 --> 00:49:27.429
He was basically
an unknown commodity,

1016
00:49:27.529 --> 00:49:29.071
so there was something fishy

1017
00:49:29.171 --> 00:49:31.073
about the whole thing
from the start.

1018
00:49:31.173 --> 00:49:32.955
- [all] chanting in Arabic
- [drums beating]

1019
00:49:33.055 --> 00:49:34.957
[Rundell] Many people,
myself included,

1020
00:49:35.057 --> 00:49:37.400
recognized that this
was potentially

1021
00:49:37.500 --> 00:49:40.283
a very dangerous
and difficult transition.

1022
00:49:40.383 --> 00:49:42.085
[drums beating]

1023
00:49:42.185 --> 00:49:43.847
I tend to think
that Saudi Arabia

1024
00:49:43.947 --> 00:49:45.769
is more stable
most of the time

1025
00:49:45.869 --> 00:49:47.812
than most people do,

1026
00:49:47.912 --> 00:49:49.894
but even I
certainly recognized

1027
00:49:49.994 --> 00:49:52.757
that this was a real
potential problem.

1028
00:49:55.120 --> 00:49:56.701
[Rhodes] You had this sense
of foreboding

1029
00:49:56.801 --> 00:49:58.263
of, what's gonna happen here?

1030
00:49:58.363 --> 00:49:59.985
We were concerned.

1031
00:50:00.085 --> 00:50:02.728
- [drums beating]
- [crowd cheering]

1032
00:50:08.895 --> 00:50:12.078
♪ uneasy music ♪

1033
00:50:12.178 --> 00:50:15.162
♪♪♪♪♪

1034
00:50:15.262 --> 00:50:17.725
[Wright] King Salman's
first act of censorship

1035
00:50:17.825 --> 00:50:19.767
was shutting down Al-Arab.

1036
00:50:19.867 --> 00:50:22.210
And Jamal, I think,

1037
00:50:22.310 --> 00:50:24.292
was caught short by it.

1038
00:50:24.392 --> 00:50:27.175
And it's notable
that the enforcer

1039
00:50:27.275 --> 00:50:29.858
of this first act
of censorship

1040
00:50:29.958 --> 00:50:32.381
was a man named
Saud al-Qahtani.

1041
00:50:32.481 --> 00:50:34.824
[woman vocalizing]

1042
00:50:34.924 --> 00:50:39.669
♪♪♪♪♪

1043
00:50:39.769 --> 00:50:41.511
[Obaid] Saud al-Qahtani
came into the royal court

1044
00:50:41.611 --> 00:50:43.193
as a media secretary,

1045
00:50:43.293 --> 00:50:46.036
and then his relationship
evolved there

1046
00:50:46.136 --> 00:50:48.319
and he basically
starting attacking,

1047
00:50:48.419 --> 00:50:51.402
organizing campaigns against
columnists, journalists,

1048
00:50:51.502 --> 00:50:53.364
what have you.

1049
00:50:53.464 --> 00:50:56.047
But more will come out
on Saud al-Qahtani's role

1050
00:50:56.147 --> 00:50:58.290
in the future,
because he ended up being

1051
00:50:58.390 --> 00:51:00.732
quite influential.

1052
00:51:00.832 --> 00:51:02.334
Al-Qahtani would tell
the editors

1053
00:51:02.434 --> 00:51:04.897
what they can write
and what they cannot write,

1054
00:51:04.997 --> 00:51:06.699
telling them,
"Put this on the front page.

1055
00:51:06.799 --> 00:51:08.141
Put this on the front,"
and Jamal,

1056
00:51:08.241 --> 00:51:10.704
he was very uncomfortable
with it.

1057
00:51:10.804 --> 00:51:12.065
I mean, you're a journalist.

1058
00:51:12.165 --> 00:51:13.446
Imagine if every two minutes,
someone's sending you

1059
00:51:13.527 --> 00:51:15.189
a message from the White House
telling you, you know,

1060
00:51:15.289 --> 00:51:16.550
"Don't write this.
Write this.

1061
00:51:16.650 --> 00:51:17.952
Put this on the front.
You can't take this"--

1062
00:51:18.052 --> 00:51:20.054
I mean, this is
what was happening.

1063
00:51:21.175 --> 00:51:23.918
[Rhodes] It was 2016,
and MBS had really started

1064
00:51:24.018 --> 00:51:26.361
getting his hands
onto the press.

1065
00:51:26.461 --> 00:51:29.044
And there was a group
in Yemen

1066
00:51:29.144 --> 00:51:32.087
who have always been
antagonists of Saudi Arabia.

1067
00:51:32.187 --> 00:51:34.930
And so MBS,
as defense minister,

1068
00:51:35.030 --> 00:51:37.974
basically decides
to go into Yemen

1069
00:51:38.074 --> 00:51:40.176
and take these-these guys on.

1070
00:51:40.276 --> 00:51:43.159
speaking Arabic

1071
00:51:44.401 --> 00:51:47.344
[jet engine roaring]

1072
00:51:47.444 --> 00:51:49.707
[Rhodes] The Saudi
invasion of Yemen

1073
00:51:49.807 --> 00:51:52.190
would never happen
without MBS.

1074
00:51:52.290 --> 00:51:55.273
MBS was using
the invasion of Yemen

1075
00:51:55.373 --> 00:51:57.716
as a means
of consolidating power,

1076
00:51:57.816 --> 00:52:00.359
as a means of getting
the armed forces

1077
00:52:00.459 --> 00:52:01.480
really under him.

1078
00:52:01.580 --> 00:52:03.242
[explosion booms]

1079
00:52:03.342 --> 00:52:05.124
[woman] To Yemen now,
breaking overnight,

1080
00:52:05.224 --> 00:52:07.286
Yemen erupting,
and Saudi Arabia,

1081
00:52:07.386 --> 00:52:09.329
backed by a ten-nation
coalition,

1082
00:52:09.429 --> 00:52:10.770
launching air strikes.

1083
00:52:10.870 --> 00:52:12.132
The U.S. is providing

1084
00:52:12.232 --> 00:52:13.974
logistical and intelligence
support.

1085
00:52:14.074 --> 00:52:17.458
- [explosion booms]
- [person shrieks]

1086
00:52:17.558 --> 00:52:19.820
[Soufan] The war in Yemen
was essential

1087
00:52:19.920 --> 00:52:22.583
to the rise
of Mohammed bin Salman.

1088
00:52:22.683 --> 00:52:26.067
And they thought
that they can go to Yemen

1089
00:52:26.167 --> 00:52:28.950
couple of month,
finish the war,

1090
00:52:29.050 --> 00:52:30.472
declare victory,

1091
00:52:30.572 --> 00:52:33.636
and then he will be the person

1092
00:52:33.736 --> 00:52:37.560
who is liked, loved, admired

1093
00:52:37.660 --> 00:52:39.642
in the Sunni Muslim world.

1094
00:52:39.742 --> 00:52:41.524
♪♪♪♪♪

1095
00:52:41.624 --> 00:52:44.748
[Karman] speaking Arabic

1096
00:52:56.561 --> 00:52:59.084
[men] speaking Arabic

1097
00:53:01.647 --> 00:53:03.649
[explosion booms]

1098
00:53:07.653 --> 00:53:10.517
[child] speaking Arabic

1099
00:53:10.617 --> 00:53:13.520
♪ somber music ♪

1100
00:53:13.620 --> 00:53:18.385
♪♪♪♪♪

1101
00:53:29.518 --> 00:53:32.621
[Wright] Tens of thousands
of people have been killed.

1102
00:53:32.721 --> 00:53:34.223
They've bombed hospitals,

1103
00:53:34.323 --> 00:53:38.067
UN facilities,
refugee camps.

1104
00:53:38.167 --> 00:53:42.232
Fifty thousand children
have starved to death.

1105
00:53:42.332 --> 00:53:46.356
America has assisted
in this genocide.

1106
00:53:46.456 --> 00:53:48.118
Not only have we supplied
the weapons,

1107
00:53:48.218 --> 00:53:51.402
we refueled the bombers
and the fighter planes.

1108
00:53:51.502 --> 00:53:53.484
We trained them.

1109
00:53:53.584 --> 00:53:56.768
In the Arab world,
it's known as

1110
00:53:56.868 --> 00:53:59.931
the Saudi-American War
on Yemen.

1111
00:54:00.031 --> 00:54:02.935
♪ dramatic music ♪

1112
00:54:03.035 --> 00:54:04.657
♪♪♪♪♪

1113
00:54:04.757 --> 00:54:06.098
[Rhodes]
The war in Yemen

1114
00:54:06.198 --> 00:54:08.200
was a real humanitarian
catastrophe.

1115
00:54:09.802 --> 00:54:12.105
There had been other issues
that we were aware of.

1116
00:54:12.205 --> 00:54:14.908
Saudi Arabia had detained
a number of bloggers

1117
00:54:15.008 --> 00:54:17.030
and journalists.

1118
00:54:17.130 --> 00:54:20.114
They'd also had
a mass execution of Shia,

1119
00:54:20.214 --> 00:54:22.857
including some prominent
Shia clerics.

1120
00:54:23.738 --> 00:54:26.581
[Anas] speaking Arabic

1121
00:54:30.265 --> 00:54:33.348
[man] shouting in Arabic

1122
00:54:37.393 --> 00:54:38.815
[person wails]

1123
00:54:38.915 --> 00:54:41.538
[Rhodes] Our last trip
was in April of 2016.

1124
00:54:41.638 --> 00:54:43.460
- [indistinct chatter]
- [camera shutters clicking]

1125
00:54:43.560 --> 00:54:45.662
Thank you very much,
Your Majesty.

1126
00:54:45.762 --> 00:54:48.065
[Rhodes] President Obama
started to urge King Salman

1127
00:54:48.165 --> 00:54:50.107
to release
some of these bloggers

1128
00:54:50.207 --> 00:54:52.950
and journalists,
and with that...

1129
00:54:53.050 --> 00:54:54.472
[man] Mr. President...

1130
00:54:54.572 --> 00:54:55.994
[Rhodes] ...MBS stands up

1131
00:54:56.094 --> 00:55:00.559
and begins to lecture
President Obama, saying,

1132
00:55:00.659 --> 00:55:02.641
"You don't understand
the Saudi justice system.

1133
00:55:02.741 --> 00:55:05.004
Maybe we can get you a briefing
on the Saudi justice system

1134
00:55:05.104 --> 00:55:07.166
and how it works."

1135
00:55:07.266 --> 00:55:10.650
This was a very aggressive
presentation,

1136
00:55:10.750 --> 00:55:13.173
and I've-I've never seen
anything like this.

1137
00:55:13.273 --> 00:55:14.774
I mean, it's very unusual
for anybody

1138
00:55:14.874 --> 00:55:17.297
other than the president's
interlocutor to talk at all.

1139
00:55:17.397 --> 00:55:18.739
It's certainly unusual
for them to stand up

1140
00:55:18.839 --> 00:55:20.341
and kind of lecture the
president of the United States.

1141
00:55:20.441 --> 00:55:22.663
Thank you
for your hospitality.

1142
00:55:22.763 --> 00:55:24.185
[applause]

1143
00:55:24.285 --> 00:55:25.947
[Rhodes] Our view was,
they're clearly

1144
00:55:26.047 --> 00:55:28.089
waiting for whoever's next.

1145
00:55:29.971 --> 00:55:33.515
[crowd chanting "U.S.A.!"]

1146
00:55:33.615 --> 00:55:37.159
[man] It is my high honor
to introduce to you

1147
00:55:37.259 --> 00:55:39.722
the president of the United
States of America,

1148
00:55:39.822 --> 00:55:42.445
Donald Trump.

1149
00:55:42.545 --> 00:55:43.847
[crowd cheering]

1150
00:55:43.947 --> 00:55:45.368
[message chirps]

1151
00:55:45.468 --> 00:55:48.972
[Trump] I'm with you,
the American people.

1152
00:55:49.072 --> 00:55:50.895
[Obaid] So Jamal put out
a series of tweets

1153
00:55:50.995 --> 00:55:53.698
being critical of Trump,

1154
00:55:53.798 --> 00:55:55.620
and then we got a warning.

1155
00:55:55.720 --> 00:55:57.662
There was an official
statement put out

1156
00:55:57.762 --> 00:56:00.065
by the foreign ministry
where they basically said

1157
00:56:00.165 --> 00:56:01.707
that Jamal and I
didn't represent

1158
00:56:01.807 --> 00:56:03.228
the Saudi government, pft,

1159
00:56:03.328 --> 00:56:04.790
which is, okay, fine,

1160
00:56:04.890 --> 00:56:07.513
but that, I took as,
you know,

1161
00:56:07.613 --> 00:56:08.794
things are different now.

1162
00:56:08.894 --> 00:56:10.677
You know, there's
new guys in town.

1163
00:56:10.777 --> 00:56:12.639
Uh, it's time to be quiet.

1164
00:56:12.739 --> 00:56:15.462
♪ dark music ♪

1165
00:56:15.982 --> 00:56:19.026
[Kandil] speaking Arabic

1166
00:56:45.135 --> 00:56:46.436
[Obaid] Saud al-Qahtani
called him.

1167
00:56:46.536 --> 00:56:48.639
Told him, "You can't write.
You can't speak.

1168
00:56:48.739 --> 00:56:50.761
You can't tweet.
You can't do anything."

1169
00:56:50.861 --> 00:56:52.443
And I said,
"Let's just stop this.

1170
00:56:52.543 --> 00:56:54.245
There's no point
in continuing.

1171
00:56:54.345 --> 00:56:57.569
Clearly, we've become
persona non grata."

1172
00:56:57.669 --> 00:56:58.970
Jamal was very upset
about it.

1173
00:56:59.070 --> 00:57:01.733
He had a big name.
He was like, "What do I do?"

1174
00:57:01.833 --> 00:57:03.135
[woman] What will you do?

1175
00:57:03.235 --> 00:57:06.098
Like, will you be able
to go back to Saudi Arabia?

1176
00:57:06.198 --> 00:57:07.740
In principle, I can,

1177
00:57:07.840 --> 00:57:12.705
uh, but when I, uh, see how
many of my colleagues ended,

1178
00:57:12.805 --> 00:57:16.630
either, uh, jailed
or banned from travel, uh,

1179
00:57:16.730 --> 00:57:19.353
I-I-I...

1180
00:57:19.453 --> 00:57:20.995
uh, I think otherwise.

1181
00:57:21.095 --> 00:57:24.178
♪ dramatic music ♪

1182
00:57:24.939 --> 00:57:28.062
[Kandil] speaking Arabic

1183
00:57:36.111 --> 00:57:37.973
[jet engine roaring]

1184
00:57:38.073 --> 00:57:40.716
[Salem] Jamal messaged me
from a new U.S. number.

1185
00:57:44.481 --> 00:57:47.083
He dropped off some bags
to hold at my apartment.

1186
00:57:49.286 --> 00:57:51.028
It's hard for me
to talk about Jamal

1187
00:57:51.128 --> 00:57:55.953
leaving Saudi Arabia because...

1188
00:57:56.053 --> 00:57:59.677
it pained him

1189
00:57:59.777 --> 00:58:01.520
literally until the end.

1190
00:58:01.620 --> 00:58:02.761
[sniffles]

1191
00:58:02.861 --> 00:58:04.603
♪♪♪♪♪

1192
00:58:04.703 --> 00:58:07.366
Alaa was so upset with him,

1193
00:58:07.466 --> 00:58:09.488
and she had choices to make

1194
00:58:09.588 --> 00:58:11.971
because she had a travel ban

1195
00:58:12.071 --> 00:58:14.134
placed on her.

1196
00:58:14.234 --> 00:58:15.895
And it was impossible
to reconcile

1197
00:58:15.995 --> 00:58:18.699
because there was
no way out of this.

1198
00:58:18.799 --> 00:58:21.061
As long as she
was married to him,

1199
00:58:21.161 --> 00:58:23.224
there was no other option.

1200
00:58:23.324 --> 00:58:25.546
[jet engines whooshing]

1201
00:58:25.646 --> 00:58:29.070
The thing that I hope
that Alaa knows

1202
00:58:29.170 --> 00:58:32.154
is how much he loved her

1203
00:58:32.254 --> 00:58:34.656
and regretted the end
of their marriage.

1204
00:58:36.258 --> 00:58:39.762
[Wright] Jamal and I
were talking on the phone,

1205
00:58:39.862 --> 00:58:41.524
and he was very lonely.

1206
00:58:41.624 --> 00:58:45.368
You could see
that he was-he was...

1207
00:58:45.468 --> 00:58:48.732
he had made a huge sacrifice
in his personal life.

1208
00:58:48.832 --> 00:58:51.775
[Khashoggi] Unfortunately,
many think the people

1209
00:58:51.875 --> 00:58:53.778
of the Arab world
are not ready yet

1210
00:58:53.878 --> 00:58:57.582
for that luxury of choosing
their own leader,

1211
00:58:57.682 --> 00:58:59.744
and that's what we are
lacking until today.

1212
00:58:59.844 --> 00:59:01.266
[Wright] Can I just jump in,
one thing?

1213
00:59:01.366 --> 00:59:04.229
We shouldn't pass too quickly
over some of these reforms

1214
00:59:04.329 --> 00:59:07.273
being very important to
the future of that country...

1215
00:59:07.373 --> 00:59:08.874
But it was surprising to me

1216
00:59:08.974 --> 00:59:11.277
that we had
such different takes

1217
00:59:11.377 --> 00:59:13.079
on Mohammed bin Salman.

1218
00:59:13.179 --> 00:59:14.961
I saw him as a reformer.

1219
00:59:15.061 --> 00:59:17.204
[Bartiromo] Let me introduce
the vision

1220
00:59:17.304 --> 00:59:19.526
behind something
of a revolution.

1221
00:59:19.626 --> 00:59:22.089
Please welcome to the stage,
ladies and gentlemen,

1222
00:59:22.189 --> 00:59:23.971
His Royal Highness

1223
00:59:24.071 --> 00:59:26.093
Prince Mohammed bin Salman.

1224
00:59:26.193 --> 00:59:27.535
[applause]

1225
00:59:27.635 --> 00:59:29.938
[Rhodes] I found it to be
utterly bizarre

1226
00:59:30.038 --> 00:59:32.380
that at a time when this guy

1227
00:59:32.480 --> 00:59:34.743
is clearly cracking down
on dissent,

1228
00:59:34.843 --> 00:59:37.026
is, you know,
involved in this kind of

1229
00:59:37.126 --> 00:59:40.109
rash war in Yemen
that is killing people

1230
00:59:40.209 --> 00:59:41.951
and precipitating famine,

1231
00:59:42.051 --> 00:59:44.594
that he's getting great press
in the United States.

1232
00:59:44.694 --> 00:59:46.636
[man] Begin with Saudi Aramco,
a strong public debut

1233
00:59:46.736 --> 00:59:50.080
after raising a record
25.6 billion in the IPO.

1234
00:59:50.180 --> 00:59:51.922
[Rhodes] But of course,
the U.S. business community

1235
00:59:52.022 --> 00:59:54.765
was drooling over, you know,
an Aramco public offering

1236
00:59:54.865 --> 00:59:56.867
that could be worth
trillions of dollars.

1237
00:59:58.750 --> 01:00:01.613
Mohammed bin Salman
was vetted in Washington,

1238
01:00:01.713 --> 01:00:04.977
New York City,
Hollywood,

1239
01:00:05.077 --> 01:00:06.819
Silicon Valley.

1240
01:00:06.919 --> 01:00:09.982
Every major aspect

1241
01:00:10.082 --> 01:00:12.505
of American power

1242
01:00:12.605 --> 01:00:15.388
rolled out the red carpet
for this guy.

1243
01:00:15.488 --> 01:00:18.672
Mohammed bin Salman
is a trillionaire,

1244
01:00:18.772 --> 01:00:21.675
and that's
all these people saw.

1245
01:00:21.775 --> 01:00:23.717
Jamal Khashoggi's voice
was important,

1246
01:00:23.817 --> 01:00:25.519
because it was one of the only
dissenting voices.

1247
01:00:25.619 --> 01:00:27.001
I still see him
as a reformer,

1248
01:00:27.101 --> 01:00:30.165
but he is gathering
all power within his hand,

1249
01:00:30.265 --> 01:00:32.447
and it would be much better
for him

1250
01:00:32.547 --> 01:00:35.170
to allow a breathing space
for critic,

1251
01:00:35.270 --> 01:00:38.093
for Saudi intellectuals,
Saudi writers,

1252
01:00:38.193 --> 01:00:39.855
Saudi media to debate.

1253
01:00:39.955 --> 01:00:41.577
Uh, we've become
very good friends

1254
01:00:41.677 --> 01:00:44.300
over a fairly short
period of time,

1255
01:00:44.400 --> 01:00:47.584
and we are bringing back
hundreds of billions of dollars

1256
01:00:47.684 --> 01:00:48.985
into the United States...

1257
01:00:49.085 --> 01:00:51.668
[Wright] Trump recognized
a kinship.

1258
01:00:51.768 --> 01:00:52.990
They're rich
and entitled people.

1259
01:00:53.090 --> 01:00:54.872
They found common ground.

1260
01:00:54.972 --> 01:00:59.117
And the kingdom saw him
as a benefactor,

1261
01:00:59.217 --> 01:01:01.079
a kind of stooge
they could use.

1262
01:01:01.179 --> 01:01:02.921
...million dollars,
that's peanuts for you.

1263
01:01:03.021 --> 01:01:04.523
[chuckles]

1264
01:01:04.623 --> 01:01:05.724
Thank you, Mr. President.

1265
01:01:05.824 --> 01:01:07.566
[Wright] And so
Mohammed bin Salman

1266
01:01:07.666 --> 01:01:09.368
became Trump's man,

1267
01:01:09.468 --> 01:01:11.670
Trump's man
in the Middle East.

1268
01:01:13.593 --> 01:01:16.636
[jet engine whooshing]

1269
01:01:22.683 --> 01:01:25.746
[brass horns blaring]

1270
01:01:25.846 --> 01:01:28.069
♪♪♪♪♪

1271
01:01:28.169 --> 01:01:30.592
[Rhodes] Trump's first
trip as president

1272
01:01:30.692 --> 01:01:33.435
is to Saudi Arabia,
which is totally bizarre.

1273
01:01:33.535 --> 01:01:34.916
I mean, uh,
every U.S. president

1274
01:01:35.016 --> 01:01:37.079
goes to Canada or Mexico.

1275
01:01:37.179 --> 01:01:39.361
To go to Saudi Arabia
on your first trip...

1276
01:01:39.461 --> 01:01:41.884
[chuckles]
...this-this is insane.

1277
01:01:41.984 --> 01:01:47.110
♪♪♪♪♪

1278
01:01:47.590 --> 01:01:49.693
And when I saw
that famous picture

1279
01:01:49.793 --> 01:01:52.616
of Trump and Sisi
and King Salman

1280
01:01:52.716 --> 01:01:54.258
with, like, the orb,
I mean, it...

1281
01:01:54.358 --> 01:01:55.419
♪ dramatic music ♪

1282
01:01:55.519 --> 01:01:57.501
...that said it all.

1283
01:01:57.601 --> 01:01:59.664
You know,
Egypt's General Sisi

1284
01:01:59.764 --> 01:02:01.306
is a brutal dictator,

1285
01:02:01.406 --> 01:02:03.308
and King Salman killed

1286
01:02:03.408 --> 01:02:05.110
the promise
of the Arab Spring.

1287
01:02:05.210 --> 01:02:07.312
So clearly,
Trump was for sale.

1288
01:02:07.412 --> 01:02:09.875
I mean, the Saudi ambassadors
are going around here

1289
01:02:09.975 --> 01:02:11.277
telling everybody
that they've got

1290
01:02:11.377 --> 01:02:13.119
Jared and Ivanka
in their pocket.

1291
01:02:13.219 --> 01:02:15.621
- [men] chanting in Arabic
- [drums beating]

1292
01:02:17.143 --> 01:02:19.085
[Rhodes] Whatever MBS's
wish list was,

1293
01:02:19.185 --> 01:02:21.388
Trump was saying yes to.

1294
01:02:23.710 --> 01:02:26.133
So it was pretty clear
that there's

1295
01:02:26.233 --> 01:02:27.975
going to come
a point of reckoning.

1296
01:02:28.075 --> 01:02:30.899
♪ tense music ♪

1297
01:02:30.999 --> 01:02:33.401
♪♪♪♪♪

1298
01:02:34.282 --> 01:02:37.566
[Anas] speaking Arabic

1299
01:02:48.138 --> 01:02:50.200
[woman] The massive purge
of princes

1300
01:02:50.300 --> 01:02:52.683
and one of the world's
best-known billionaires

1301
01:02:52.783 --> 01:02:55.005
all arrested by a man
who would be a king,

1302
01:02:55.105 --> 01:02:57.208
a man emboldened
by President Trump.

1303
01:02:57.308 --> 01:02:59.650
[Wright] On November 4, 2017,

1304
01:02:59.750 --> 01:03:03.014
these raids took place
all over Saudi Arabia.

1305
01:03:03.114 --> 01:03:06.037
[people yelling]

1306
01:03:08.080 --> 01:03:10.262
Many of the most prominent
businessmen,

1307
01:03:10.362 --> 01:03:13.626
intellectuals were rounded up,
hundreds of them,

1308
01:03:13.726 --> 01:03:17.070
and put in the Ritz-Carlton
in Riyadh.

1309
01:03:17.170 --> 01:03:20.474
♪♪♪♪♪

1310
01:03:20.574 --> 01:03:22.556
And they were held for weeks,

1311
01:03:22.656 --> 01:03:25.839
interrogated, tortured.

1312
01:03:25.939 --> 01:03:27.401
Many of them
were hospitalized.

1313
01:03:27.501 --> 01:03:29.684
One guy, his neck was broken.

1314
01:03:29.784 --> 01:03:32.527
His body was covered
with electrical burns.

1315
01:03:32.627 --> 01:03:34.209
He was a general.

1316
01:03:34.309 --> 01:03:38.093
They were shaken down
by Mohammed bin Salman's man,

1317
01:03:38.193 --> 01:03:40.175
Saud al-Qahtani.

1318
01:03:40.275 --> 01:03:41.657
That was a coup.

1319
01:03:41.757 --> 01:03:45.221
♪♪♪♪♪

1320
01:03:45.321 --> 01:03:48.104
[Soufan] Saudi Arabia
had different factions

1321
01:03:48.204 --> 01:03:49.346
inside the royal family.

1322
01:03:49.446 --> 01:03:52.229
Each one of these factions
have connections

1323
01:03:52.329 --> 01:03:55.072
to economic elite,
to business elite.

1324
01:03:55.172 --> 01:03:57.595
You have
the religious establishment.

1325
01:03:57.695 --> 01:03:59.357
But Mohammed bin Salman
decided

1326
01:03:59.457 --> 01:04:00.999
that there's only one faction

1327
01:04:01.099 --> 01:04:02.640
in the house of Saud,
and it's him.

1328
01:04:02.740 --> 01:04:07.826
♪♪♪♪♪

1329
01:04:11.951 --> 01:04:15.254
[Salem] The ripple effect
from Al-Waleed

1330
01:04:15.354 --> 01:04:17.857
being arrested was tremendous.

1331
01:04:17.957 --> 01:04:20.580
Stock prices moved.

1332
01:04:20.680 --> 01:04:22.663
It was seismic.

1333
01:04:22.763 --> 01:04:26.146
Prince Al-Waleed
is an important investor,

1334
01:04:26.246 --> 01:04:29.790
the most well-known member
of the royal family

1335
01:04:29.890 --> 01:04:31.953
outside the kingdom,

1336
01:04:32.053 --> 01:04:34.936
very firmly within
the center of power.

1337
01:04:35.937 --> 01:04:39.842
[Wright] Prince Al-Waleed
had been Jamal's patron.

1338
01:04:39.942 --> 01:04:43.946
And suddenly, you see on TV
that he is powerless.

1339
01:04:45.187 --> 01:04:46.689
This is my Diet Pepsi.

1340
01:04:46.789 --> 01:04:48.731
[Wright] He is praising
his kidnapper

1341
01:04:48.831 --> 01:04:50.053
and telling everybody

1342
01:04:50.153 --> 01:04:51.495
that he's been treated
very well.

1343
01:04:51.595 --> 01:04:52.936
And all these rumors
really upset me.

1344
01:04:53.036 --> 01:04:54.298
- [woman] Okay.
- I mean, because now,

1345
01:04:54.398 --> 01:04:55.299
they-they went so far.

1346
01:04:55.399 --> 01:04:56.380
All lies.

1347
01:04:56.480 --> 01:04:57.661
You know, I've been always, uh,

1348
01:04:57.761 --> 01:04:59.904
all the time here,
at this hotel,

1349
01:05:00.004 --> 01:05:02.046
and, um,
everything has been fine.

1350
01:05:04.128 --> 01:05:06.511
[Wright] When I talked
to Jamal last,

1351
01:05:06.611 --> 01:05:08.874
he said he got out
just in time.

1352
01:05:08.974 --> 01:05:12.638
He would no doubt have been
in the Ritz-Carlton,

1353
01:05:12.738 --> 01:05:16.082
maybe in far worse
circumstances.

1354
01:05:16.182 --> 01:05:19.105
♪♪♪♪♪

1355
01:05:21.508 --> 01:05:24.591
[Kandil] speaking Arabic

1356
01:05:45.254 --> 01:05:48.518
♪♪♪♪♪

1357
01:05:48.618 --> 01:05:51.281
[El-Atr] Jamal was very sad.

1358
01:05:51.381 --> 01:05:53.443
He lost hope.

1359
01:05:53.543 --> 01:05:55.045
I said, "No, take it easy.

1360
01:05:55.145 --> 01:05:55.886
You're free now.

1361
01:05:55.986 --> 01:05:57.488
You can express your opinion.

1362
01:05:57.588 --> 01:05:58.889
You have a freedom,

1363
01:05:58.989 --> 01:06:00.371
because not to say
your opinion

1364
01:06:00.471 --> 01:06:02.533
about what's happening,
that will kill you."

1365
01:06:02.633 --> 01:06:05.737
♪ somber music ♪

1366
01:06:05.837 --> 01:06:08.941
I know Jamal for ten years.

1367
01:06:09.041 --> 01:06:12.665
And we become
closer and closer.

1368
01:06:12.765 --> 01:06:15.348
I have a habit
to wake him up every day

1369
01:06:15.448 --> 01:06:17.590
seven o'clock in the morning
because he was lonely.

1370
01:06:17.690 --> 01:06:18.831
He was isolated.

1371
01:06:18.931 --> 01:06:22.035
♪♪♪♪♪

1372
01:06:22.135 --> 01:06:24.558
This went for a while

1373
01:06:24.658 --> 01:06:28.402
until the middle of 2017,

1374
01:06:28.502 --> 01:06:29.844
he sent to me a message.

1375
01:06:29.944 --> 01:06:31.446
He said, "Hanan,
come and stay with me.

1376
01:06:31.546 --> 01:06:33.248
Come, and they won't see you."

1377
01:06:33.348 --> 01:06:37.572
♪♪♪♪♪

1378
01:06:37.672 --> 01:06:39.895
I was very happy.

1379
01:06:39.995 --> 01:06:41.497
He's the man I wished,

1380
01:06:41.597 --> 01:06:43.979
but I didn't have a courage
to express it before

1381
01:06:44.079 --> 01:06:46.342
because he was married.

1382
01:06:46.442 --> 01:06:48.544
First time I managed
to come and see him,

1383
01:06:48.644 --> 01:06:52.108
it was to celebrate
his birthday in March.

1384
01:06:52.208 --> 01:06:56.273
Well, it was his half-birthday
party in March,

1385
01:06:56.373 --> 01:06:58.476
and he was dating

1386
01:06:58.576 --> 01:07:00.478
a really wonderful woman.

1387
01:07:00.578 --> 01:07:03.341
It was always fun
to have Jamal happy.

1388
01:07:04.342 --> 01:07:06.524
[El-Atr]
When we got married,

1389
01:07:06.624 --> 01:07:09.328
it was the most beautiful
day in my life,

1390
01:07:09.428 --> 01:07:11.170
and I will never forget.

1391
01:07:11.270 --> 01:07:13.452
♪♪♪♪♪

1392
01:07:13.552 --> 01:07:15.454
I think I'm in a dream.

1393
01:07:15.554 --> 01:07:18.137
♪♪♪♪♪

1394
01:07:18.237 --> 01:07:22.622
But he was very loyal
to the Kingdom of Saudi,

1395
01:07:22.722 --> 01:07:26.627
so he was feeling very bad
because he lost his hope.

1396
01:07:26.727 --> 01:07:29.230
♪♪♪♪♪

1397
01:07:29.330 --> 01:07:32.053
He decide he have
to express himself.

1398
01:07:37.659 --> 01:07:40.162
[Soltan] Fall of 2017,

1399
01:07:40.262 --> 01:07:42.745
Jamal was in
self-imposed exile.

1400
01:07:43.786 --> 01:07:45.007
We met,

1401
01:07:45.107 --> 01:07:46.689
and he gave me
the biggest bear hug.

1402
01:07:46.789 --> 01:07:49.612
It was really, really warm,
and then he started crying.

1403
01:07:49.712 --> 01:07:52.696
He said, "I left my country.

1404
01:07:52.796 --> 01:07:56.380
I left my family behind
for freedom,

1405
01:07:56.480 --> 01:07:58.462
just to be free.

1406
01:07:58.562 --> 01:08:02.386
And no one knows what that
feels like more than you."

1407
01:08:02.486 --> 01:08:03.948
♪ ♪

1408
01:08:04.048 --> 01:08:05.710
I learned later

1409
01:08:05.810 --> 01:08:07.512
that his first
Washington Post article

1410
01:08:07.612 --> 01:08:10.095
was published that hour.

1411
01:08:11.136 --> 01:08:13.198
[Faris as Khashoggi]
"Saudi Arabia wasn't always

1412
01:08:13.298 --> 01:08:16.722
this repressive,"
by Jamal Khashoggi.

1413
01:08:16.822 --> 01:08:19.005
♪ dramatic music ♪

1414
01:08:19.105 --> 01:08:21.488
We spend endless hours
on the phone

1415
01:08:21.588 --> 01:08:25.132
trying to understand
the wave of arrests.

1416
01:08:25.232 --> 01:08:29.176
Are we going to be the core
of the Saudi diaspora?

1417
01:08:29.276 --> 01:08:32.980
Al-Hayat canceled my column.

1418
01:08:33.080 --> 01:08:36.064
The government
banned me from Twitter.

1419
01:08:36.164 --> 01:08:38.386
I spent six months silent,

1420
01:08:38.486 --> 01:08:41.410
reflecting on
the stark choices before me.

1421
01:08:43.051 --> 01:08:47.316
Years ago, when several
friends were arrested,

1422
01:08:47.416 --> 01:08:49.419
I said nothing.

1423
01:08:50.179 --> 01:08:53.163
I have made
a different choice now.

1424
01:08:53.263 --> 01:08:55.045
I have left my home,

1425
01:08:55.145 --> 01:08:58.929
my family, and my job,

1426
01:08:59.029 --> 01:09:02.573
and I am raising my voice.

1427
01:09:02.673 --> 01:09:07.839
♪♪♪♪♪

1428
01:09:28.222 --> 01:09:30.284
[Obaid]
He wrote that first piece.

1429
01:09:30.384 --> 01:09:32.967
Next day,
his ex-wife calls me,

1430
01:09:33.067 --> 01:09:34.569
says, "Look what he just did."

1431
01:09:34.669 --> 01:09:36.331
Which, I was like, "But, Jamal,
we just talked.

1432
01:09:36.431 --> 01:09:38.533
What's going on?"

1433
01:09:38.633 --> 01:09:41.316
Clearly, something
had gone very wrong.

1434
01:09:42.998 --> 01:09:44.820
He had kept this very secret.

1435
01:09:44.920 --> 01:09:46.942
That shocked a lot of us,

1436
01:09:47.042 --> 01:09:49.025
and when it came
to Saudi Arabia,

1437
01:09:49.125 --> 01:09:52.148
I always believed
that his loyalty was strong

1438
01:09:52.248 --> 01:09:56.273
to his country
and to his king.

1439
01:09:56.373 --> 01:09:58.956
I felt that
I had been betrayed.

1440
01:09:59.056 --> 01:10:01.378
♪♪♪♪♪

1441
01:10:05.423 --> 01:10:08.246
[Bishara] Jamal expressed
his opinion

1442
01:10:08.346 --> 01:10:11.410
from Washington,
the seat of power,

1443
01:10:11.510 --> 01:10:14.413
writing in the voice
of empire,

1444
01:10:14.513 --> 01:10:16.015
The Washington Post.

1445
01:10:16.115 --> 01:10:18.798
That could not be tolerated.

1446
01:10:19.879 --> 01:10:22.021
[Obaid] He started writing
this, saying these things,

1447
01:10:22.121 --> 01:10:23.984
and then
all these weird people

1448
01:10:24.084 --> 01:10:25.545
started getting to know him.

1449
01:10:25.645 --> 01:10:29.229
You know, uh, started to,
you know, hang around with him,

1450
01:10:29.329 --> 01:10:31.192
tweet things about him.

1451
01:10:31.292 --> 01:10:33.554
It became very bizarre.

1452
01:10:33.654 --> 01:10:36.558
[dark music]

1453
01:10:36.658 --> 01:10:39.281
♪♪♪♪♪

1454
01:10:39.381 --> 01:10:42.244
[Maloney] Mr. Khashoggi
was publishing articles

1455
01:10:42.344 --> 01:10:44.687
that were critical
of the Saudi regime,

1456
01:10:44.787 --> 01:10:48.210
and so we called him
to request a meeting.

1457
01:10:48.310 --> 01:10:51.134
Jamal Khashoggi
knew a lot of information

1458
01:10:51.234 --> 01:10:54.297
about al-Qaeda
and Saudi support for al-Qaeda.

1459
01:10:54.397 --> 01:10:57.060
So we wanted to talk to him.

1460
01:10:57.160 --> 01:10:59.103
The meeting
with our investigator

1461
01:10:59.203 --> 01:11:01.065
was the morning
of October 26th

1462
01:11:01.165 --> 01:11:03.227
in the Virginia area.

1463
01:11:03.327 --> 01:11:06.511
This was
a preliminary meeting.

1464
01:11:06.611 --> 01:11:08.994
It became clear
that Mr. Khashoggi

1465
01:11:09.094 --> 01:11:11.556
had a lot to say.

1466
01:11:11.656 --> 01:11:14.199
[Wright] The morning
that he's going to meet

1467
01:11:14.299 --> 01:11:17.403
with the investigator,
he gets a call from his son

1468
01:11:17.503 --> 01:11:20.566
in Saudi Arabia saying
that their travel permits

1469
01:11:20.666 --> 01:11:23.209
had been taken away.

1470
01:11:23.309 --> 01:11:24.771
So essentially,
the Saudi authorities

1471
01:11:24.871 --> 01:11:28.415
know that he's meeting
with this investigator,

1472
01:11:28.515 --> 01:11:32.860
and his children
are being held hostage.

1473
01:11:32.960 --> 01:11:34.782
[Maloney] The first thing
Mr. Khashoggi indicated

1474
01:11:34.882 --> 01:11:37.145
was the recent news
about his son's

1475
01:11:37.245 --> 01:11:40.208
inability to travel,
which upset him.

1476
01:11:42.250 --> 01:11:44.113
I used to be
a federal prosecutor,

1477
01:11:44.213 --> 01:11:47.436
and we had informants
that elected to testify

1478
01:11:47.536 --> 01:11:50.600
against their coconspirators.

1479
01:11:50.700 --> 01:11:53.163
If Jamal Khashoggi
had been an insider,

1480
01:11:53.263 --> 01:11:54.965
and he was,
and had information

1481
01:11:55.065 --> 01:11:56.606
that could be helpful to us

1482
01:11:56.706 --> 01:11:59.610
and was willing to meet
with us and discuss it,

1483
01:11:59.710 --> 01:12:02.693
that is a serious threat
to the Saudi government.

1484
01:12:02.793 --> 01:12:06.097
The question is,
to what extent

1485
01:12:06.197 --> 01:12:08.940
was the Saudi government
and the royal family

1486
01:12:09.040 --> 01:12:10.942
entangled with al-Qaeda?

1487
01:12:11.042 --> 01:12:12.424
Well, they were.

1488
01:12:12.524 --> 01:12:15.147
Going back before al-Qaeda,

1489
01:12:15.247 --> 01:12:17.189
they were funding
the mujahideen,

1490
01:12:17.289 --> 01:12:19.472
and King Salman
was the principal bundler

1491
01:12:19.572 --> 01:12:22.075
of all these contributions
to the mujahideen

1492
01:12:22.175 --> 01:12:24.397
and then later to al-Qaeda.

1493
01:12:24.497 --> 01:12:26.740
- [men chanting]
- [drums beating]

1494
01:12:28.061 --> 01:12:29.603
Jamal would have known
about that.

1495
01:12:29.703 --> 01:12:31.765
Jamal worked
with Prince Turki,

1496
01:12:31.865 --> 01:12:35.009
who had been the head
of intelligence,

1497
01:12:35.109 --> 01:12:36.931
and he facilitated
these meetings

1498
01:12:37.031 --> 01:12:39.734
with bin Laden in Afghanistan.

1499
01:12:39.834 --> 01:12:43.018
And who knows
what bin Laden told him?

1500
01:12:43.118 --> 01:12:45.581
I mean, is there a person
in the whole world

1501
01:12:45.681 --> 01:12:47.783
that knows more
about this relationship

1502
01:12:47.883 --> 01:12:48.944
than Jamal Khashoggi?

1503
01:12:49.044 --> 01:12:49.906
I don't think so.

1504
01:12:50.006 --> 01:12:52.749
[chuckling]

1505
01:12:52.849 --> 01:12:54.751
[Maloney] The Saudis claimed
that they enjoyed immunity

1506
01:12:54.851 --> 01:12:57.114
even if all our allegations
were true.

1507
01:12:57.214 --> 01:13:01.118
They hired lobbyists
in Washington,

1508
01:13:01.218 --> 01:13:05.563
and Saud al-Qahtani's name
appears on some of the forms.

1509
01:13:05.663 --> 01:13:07.685
His official title
had something to do

1510
01:13:07.785 --> 01:13:09.688
with media
and public relations,

1511
01:13:09.788 --> 01:13:11.009
but the easiest way
to describe him

1512
01:13:11.109 --> 01:13:13.111
is-is MBS's henchman.

1513
01:13:14.433 --> 01:13:16.415
Qahtani, on behalf
of the crown prince,

1514
01:13:16.515 --> 01:13:18.497
hired the lobbyists

1515
01:13:18.597 --> 01:13:21.120
specifically
to kill this lawsuit.

1516
01:13:23.643 --> 01:13:26.306
Jamal Khashoggi agreed
to a follow-up meeting.

1517
01:13:26.406 --> 01:13:29.409
He agreed to come to our
office here in New York.

1518
01:13:30.931 --> 01:13:34.595
What he would say and what he
would be willing to disclose,

1519
01:13:34.695 --> 01:13:37.038
we'll never know.

1520
01:13:37.138 --> 01:13:40.221
♪ tense music ♪

1521
01:13:45.027 --> 01:13:47.630
[brakes squealing]

1522
01:13:51.153 --> 01:13:54.277
[messages chirping]

1523
01:14:04.849 --> 01:14:08.713
[Salem] Saud al-Qahtani
unleashed hell on Jamal--

1524
01:14:08.813 --> 01:14:11.716
the trolls, the bots,
whatever they are,

1525
01:14:11.816 --> 01:14:16.321
the turning of friends
and former colleagues--

1526
01:14:16.421 --> 01:14:17.883
all of that.

1527
01:14:17.983 --> 01:14:19.966
He was threatened
and intimidated all the time.

1528
01:14:20.066 --> 01:14:22.288
Of course it was orchestrated.

1529
01:14:22.388 --> 01:14:24.510
And Jamal knew that.

1530
01:14:27.113 --> 01:14:30.497
[Soltan]
It was November of 2017.

1531
01:14:30.597 --> 01:14:32.299
We were on our way
to grab dinner,

1532
01:14:32.399 --> 01:14:35.543
and he says, "Guess what.

1533
01:14:35.643 --> 01:14:38.386
Saud al-Qahtani
sent me a DM on Twitter.

1534
01:14:38.486 --> 01:14:40.909
Yeah, he wants to talk."

1535
01:14:41.009 --> 01:14:44.793
And you can hear the fear
in his voice.

1536
01:14:44.893 --> 01:14:48.557
He answers the call,
puts it on speaker.

1537
01:14:48.657 --> 01:14:50.920
Saud al-Qahtani starts off,

1538
01:14:51.020 --> 01:14:55.125
says, "I am calling on behalf
of His Royal Highness

1539
01:14:55.225 --> 01:14:57.367
Mohammed bin Salman.

1540
01:14:57.467 --> 01:15:00.330
He's watching.
He follows your work."

1541
01:15:00.430 --> 01:15:02.693
So Jamal, he says,

1542
01:15:02.793 --> 01:15:05.336
"Please send
my warmest regards

1543
01:15:05.436 --> 01:15:07.138
to His Royal Highness

1544
01:15:07.238 --> 01:15:09.060
and convey to him

1545
01:15:09.160 --> 01:15:12.504
that when there are
positive reforms happening,

1546
01:15:12.604 --> 01:15:16.148
we will most definitely
welcome them.

1547
01:15:16.248 --> 01:15:20.453
When there are transgressions,
we will be critical."

1548
01:15:21.854 --> 01:15:23.997
This was a moment
that I realized

1549
01:15:24.097 --> 01:15:27.360
this is a noble man;
this is a courageous man.

1550
01:15:27.460 --> 01:15:29.683
This man was very serious

1551
01:15:29.783 --> 01:15:32.126
about the evolution
that he was making.

1552
01:15:32.226 --> 01:15:34.388
[birds chirping]

1553
01:15:38.793 --> 01:15:40.695
[El-Atr] If you hear
Jamal was faithful

1554
01:15:40.795 --> 01:15:43.578
to the Kingdom of Saudi,
this is the truth.

1555
01:15:43.678 --> 01:15:45.681
He used to defend them.

1556
01:15:47.603 --> 01:15:51.307
But he think his duty
is to advise,

1557
01:15:51.407 --> 01:15:52.708
to say his opinion

1558
01:15:52.808 --> 01:15:54.931
before things lead
to a bad stage.

1559
01:15:56.813 --> 01:15:59.476
[Soltan] Jamal had asked me
to be on the lookout,

1560
01:15:59.576 --> 01:16:02.399
kind of play matchmaker.
[chuckles]

1561
01:16:02.499 --> 01:16:04.321
And I tried; I tried
connecting him to someone.

1562
01:16:04.421 --> 01:16:09.007
♪♪♪♪♪

1563
01:16:09.107 --> 01:16:10.568
He was very, very lonely.

1564
01:16:10.668 --> 01:16:13.251
He had just
gotten a divorce.

1565
01:16:13.351 --> 01:16:16.575
I didn't know about Hanan.

1566
01:16:16.675 --> 01:16:17.896
[El-Atr]
After we got married,

1567
01:16:17.996 --> 01:16:21.701
Jamal want to spend
as much time together.

1568
01:16:21.801 --> 01:16:23.863
He doesn't want anyone
to take him away from me,

1569
01:16:23.963 --> 01:16:26.386
and that's why
we don't even like

1570
01:16:26.486 --> 01:16:27.988
to go and spend long time out.

1571
01:16:28.088 --> 01:16:31.071
We want to be just together
away from people.

1572
01:16:31.171 --> 01:16:33.714
♪♪♪♪♪

1573
01:16:33.814 --> 01:16:35.636
[Soltan] If you interview
anybody that tells you

1574
01:16:35.736 --> 01:16:38.079
that they know every aspect
of Jamal's life,

1575
01:16:38.179 --> 01:16:41.443
they are 100% lying to you.

1576
01:16:41.543 --> 01:16:44.566
Jamal chose what information

1577
01:16:44.666 --> 01:16:47.549
he shared with each person.

1578
01:16:50.272 --> 01:16:52.455
This will be broadcasted
in a few days,

1579
01:16:52.555 --> 01:16:54.737
not, uh, right away, right?

1580
01:16:54.837 --> 01:16:56.019
[woman] It'll be, um--

1581
01:16:56.119 --> 01:16:58.542
It'll go on air, uh,
Tuesday night, actually,

1582
01:16:58.642 --> 01:17:01.945
the night that, um,
MBS is in Washington.

1583
01:17:02.045 --> 01:17:03.707
- All right.
- It will be after...

1584
01:17:03.807 --> 01:17:07.111
after MBS has met, uh, Trump.

1585
01:17:07.211 --> 01:17:09.033
All right.

1586
01:17:09.133 --> 01:17:11.476
[Soltan] He knew
what the stakes were,

1587
01:17:11.576 --> 01:17:15.000
and knowing
all of those stakes

1588
01:17:15.100 --> 01:17:19.925
and then still deciding
to go ahead

1589
01:17:20.025 --> 01:17:22.288
and speak freely

1590
01:17:22.388 --> 01:17:23.930
was very courageous of him.

1591
01:17:24.030 --> 01:17:26.453
[woman] And why did you
self-exile?

1592
01:17:26.553 --> 01:17:29.976
I just felt, uh,
whatever narrow space I had

1593
01:17:30.076 --> 01:17:32.739
was getting narrower,
and I just thought

1594
01:17:32.839 --> 01:17:35.142
it was better for me to leave.

1595
01:17:35.242 --> 01:17:39.427
And, uh, actually,
right after I left, uh,

1596
01:17:39.527 --> 01:17:41.109
arrests began to happen.

1597
01:17:41.209 --> 01:17:45.113
Many of my acquaintances,
friends, colleagues

1598
01:17:45.213 --> 01:17:48.477
were rounded up, and, uh-uh,

1599
01:17:48.577 --> 01:17:50.840
I-I always regret
being away from home,

1600
01:17:50.940 --> 01:17:54.844
but when, uh-uh, I see
what happened to them,

1601
01:17:54.944 --> 01:17:58.768
I-I think I did
the right choice, uh,

1602
01:17:58.868 --> 01:18:03.013
even though it is very hurtful
to be away from home.

1603
01:18:03.113 --> 01:18:05.216
[Soltan] My way
of consoling him was,

1604
01:18:05.316 --> 01:18:06.497
"Don't worry.

1605
01:18:06.597 --> 01:18:07.979
There's a lot of people
like you.

1606
01:18:08.079 --> 01:18:12.864
There's an entire community
of folks in exile.

1607
01:18:12.964 --> 01:18:15.747
And so you'll find comfort
in that community."

1608
01:18:15.847 --> 01:18:18.030
♪ uneasy music ♪

1609
01:18:18.130 --> 01:18:20.192
But he didn't find
that community

1610
01:18:20.292 --> 01:18:22.515
out here in Washington.

1611
01:18:22.615 --> 01:18:27.660
♪♪♪♪♪

1612
01:18:38.192 --> 01:18:41.035
[Karman] speaking Arabic

1613
01:19:25.004 --> 01:19:28.828
[Faris as Khashoggi]
June 5, 2018,

1614
01:19:28.928 --> 01:19:31.471
in this age of error,

1615
01:19:31.571 --> 01:19:35.436
an Arab intellectual
rushes to praise the prisons,

1616
01:19:35.536 --> 01:19:39.680
to write against the Spring.

1617
01:19:39.780 --> 01:19:42.363
Another burns
the last of his history

1618
01:19:42.463 --> 01:19:44.606
and his forbidden books.

1619
01:19:44.706 --> 01:19:47.289
He says,
"We are not ready

1620
01:19:47.389 --> 01:19:49.391
for democracy and freedom."

1621
01:19:51.193 --> 01:19:55.418
It anguishes me to speak
with other Saudi friends

1622
01:19:55.518 --> 01:19:59.482
in Istanbul
who are also in self-exile.

1623
01:20:00.483 --> 01:20:04.067
I expect that I will
still wake up every morning

1624
01:20:04.167 --> 01:20:06.510
and ponder the choice
I have made

1625
01:20:06.610 --> 01:20:09.834
to speak my mind.

1626
01:20:09.934 --> 01:20:12.917
We are being asked
to abandon any hope

1627
01:20:13.017 --> 01:20:15.820
of political freedoms.

1628
01:20:17.382 --> 01:20:21.667
This is a Faustian bargain
that I will not make.

1629
01:20:23.349 --> 01:20:26.653
We are the kingdom of silence
no longer.

1630
01:20:26.753 --> 01:20:31.137
[somber music]

1631
01:20:31.237 --> 01:20:34.101
♪♪♪♪♪

1632
01:20:34.201 --> 01:20:37.064
[El-Atr] Jamal in this time,
he was in Istanbul.

1633
01:20:37.164 --> 01:20:40.188
Istanbul, it's very open city

1634
01:20:40.288 --> 01:20:42.750
for different
Arabic background,

1635
01:20:42.850 --> 01:20:44.793
and there is a lot
of activity there.

1636
01:20:44.893 --> 01:20:47.736
He always go,
and he have friends there.

1637
01:20:50.459 --> 01:20:53.963
[Soltan] I called him
when he was in Istanbul,

1638
01:20:54.063 --> 01:20:56.285
and he said, "By the way,
I might be doing

1639
01:20:56.385 --> 01:20:59.489
three weeks in Istanbul,
three weeks in D.C."

1640
01:20:59.589 --> 01:21:02.252
So then I was like, "Oh, it
looks like you found someone."

1641
01:21:02.352 --> 01:21:04.374
And then he was like,
"Yeah, I did.

1642
01:21:04.474 --> 01:21:05.816
I really like her.

1643
01:21:05.916 --> 01:21:07.418
We're gonna get married soon.

1644
01:21:07.518 --> 01:21:09.500
I'll tell you all about it
when I get back."

1645
01:21:09.600 --> 01:21:12.023
♪ somber music ♪

1646
01:21:12.123 --> 01:21:15.086
[Salem] I didn't know
about Hatice.

1647
01:21:17.369 --> 01:21:19.371
I knew about Hanan.

1648
01:21:20.252 --> 01:21:23.355
But I-I didn't know
they had gotten married.

1649
01:21:23.455 --> 01:21:25.398
So I'll say this.

1650
01:21:25.498 --> 01:21:29.442
I think if you understand
the loneliness of that man

1651
01:21:29.542 --> 01:21:32.325
in that last year...

1652
01:21:32.425 --> 01:21:37.511
♪♪♪♪♪

1653
01:21:38.152 --> 01:21:40.975
...I think things
that you can judge

1654
01:21:41.075 --> 01:21:44.078
so easily from outside...

1655
01:21:46.681 --> 01:21:49.144
...become a bit more nuanced.

1656
01:21:49.244 --> 01:21:54.129
♪♪♪♪♪

1657
01:21:57.653 --> 01:22:00.116
[El-Atr] Last call
between me and Jamal,

1658
01:22:00.216 --> 01:22:03.080
he called to wish me
happy birthday.

1659
01:22:03.180 --> 01:22:05.242
My birthday is 30 September,

1660
01:22:05.342 --> 01:22:07.705
which is two days
before he disappear.

1661
01:22:09.907 --> 01:22:12.770
[Salem] He messaged
from Istanbul.

1662
01:22:12.870 --> 01:22:17.375
He said to me, "What if I just
go away to a desert island

1663
01:22:17.475 --> 01:22:21.200
for a couple weeks,
couple years?"

1664
01:22:22.361 --> 01:22:25.024
You know, he would-he would
come to me and say things like

1665
01:22:25.124 --> 01:22:29.789
he was doubting his resolve,
and he knew how I would react.

1666
01:22:29.889 --> 01:22:33.233
You know, a slap to the head.

1667
01:22:33.333 --> 01:22:34.675
"Jamal."

1668
01:22:34.775 --> 01:22:36.517
I remember saying these words,

1669
01:22:36.617 --> 01:22:38.519
'cause they will
forever haunt me.

1670
01:22:38.619 --> 01:22:42.363
I said, "You are in a war,

1671
01:22:42.463 --> 01:22:44.966
and you can't give up.

1672
01:22:45.066 --> 01:22:47.489
You can't disappear."

1673
01:22:47.589 --> 01:22:50.412
Those are the last words

1674
01:22:50.512 --> 01:22:51.894
I said to him,

1675
01:22:51.994 --> 01:22:54.537
and I had no idea

1676
01:22:54.637 --> 01:22:56.939
what I was even talking about.

1677
01:22:57.039 --> 01:23:00.703
♪♪♪♪♪

1678
01:23:00.803 --> 01:23:04.187
So on the 28th of September,

1679
01:23:04.287 --> 01:23:08.112
uh, Jamal Khashoggi
and his fiancée, Hatice,

1680
01:23:08.212 --> 01:23:10.675
go to the consulate to get

1681
01:23:10.775 --> 01:23:15.039
an administrative piece
of paper for their marriage.

1682
01:23:15.139 --> 01:23:17.202
They tell him to come back

1683
01:23:17.302 --> 01:23:19.604
on the second of October
and that on that day,

1684
01:23:19.704 --> 01:23:21.687
they'll have the document
that he needs.

1685
01:23:21.787 --> 01:23:24.210
♪♪♪♪♪

1686
01:23:24.310 --> 01:23:28.054
So the Turkish authorities
had somehow bugged

1687
01:23:28.154 --> 01:23:30.256
the Saudi consulate,

1688
01:23:30.356 --> 01:23:34.221
and almost immediately,
there are phone calls

1689
01:23:34.321 --> 01:23:37.304
between the consulate
in Istanbul

1690
01:23:37.404 --> 01:23:39.507
and, uh, Riyadh.

1691
01:23:39.607 --> 01:23:42.390
And in the first call,

1692
01:23:42.490 --> 01:23:44.472
it's a security attaché

1693
01:23:44.572 --> 01:23:48.296
who speaks to an intelligence
officer, Mutreb.

1694
01:23:50.138 --> 01:23:53.322
Mutreb explained
that Mr. Jamal Khashoggi

1695
01:23:53.422 --> 01:23:56.766
is indeed someone
that is being "sought"

1696
01:23:56.866 --> 01:23:58.087
and that they should proceed

1697
01:23:58.187 --> 01:24:00.530
with some kind
of, uh-of mission.

1698
01:24:00.630 --> 01:24:03.453
♪ suspenseful music ♪

1699
01:24:03.553 --> 01:24:08.479
♪♪♪♪♪

1700
01:24:11.602 --> 01:24:13.544
This special operation

1701
01:24:13.644 --> 01:24:17.108
involved 15 people.

1702
01:24:17.208 --> 01:24:19.871
Saud al-Qahtani
met the team

1703
01:24:19.971 --> 01:24:23.275
before they left for Turkey

1704
01:24:23.375 --> 01:24:26.759
on the Saudi government's
private plane.

1705
01:24:26.859 --> 01:24:29.362
♪♪♪♪♪

1706
01:24:29.462 --> 01:24:34.127
And Mutreb
was leading the team,

1707
01:24:34.227 --> 01:24:37.531
and like every other member
of the kill team,

1708
01:24:37.631 --> 01:24:41.175
he's a member
of the Saudi intelligence.

1709
01:24:41.275 --> 01:24:43.017
Mutreb in particular

1710
01:24:43.117 --> 01:24:45.099
had accompanied
the crown price

1711
01:24:45.199 --> 01:24:47.983
on some of this missions,

1712
01:24:48.083 --> 01:24:50.946
and he was someone
who worked closely

1713
01:24:51.046 --> 01:24:53.389
with Saud al-Qahtani.

1714
01:24:53.489 --> 01:24:58.374
♪♪♪♪♪

1715
01:25:00.016 --> 01:25:02.439
[Obaid] Yes, it was Maher.

1716
01:25:02.539 --> 01:25:06.323
Maher was a, uh...
was an intelligence officer

1717
01:25:06.423 --> 01:25:07.805
that worked
at the Saudi embassy

1718
01:25:07.905 --> 01:25:09.326
in, uh, London at that time.

1719
01:25:09.426 --> 01:25:11.489
He was there
when we were there,

1720
01:25:11.589 --> 01:25:13.811
and, uh, I introduced them
at one of our

1721
01:25:13.911 --> 01:25:16.454
afternoon teas together.

1722
01:25:16.554 --> 01:25:18.536
We were colleagues
more than anything,

1723
01:25:18.636 --> 01:25:21.440
you know, and from time
to time, Maher would join us.

1724
01:25:22.961 --> 01:25:24.103
To be fair,
he was a nice guy.

1725
01:25:24.203 --> 01:25:29.288
♪♪♪♪♪

1726
01:25:42.103 --> 01:25:46.347
[Callamard] Jamal Khashoggi
enters the consulate at 1:14.

1727
01:25:47.228 --> 01:25:51.593
He is directed to the office
of the consul.

1728
01:25:52.514 --> 01:25:57.399
♪♪♪♪♪

1729
01:25:59.802 --> 01:26:04.427
He enters and finds
many people in that room,

1730
01:26:04.527 --> 01:26:07.190
and so you can hear surprise

1731
01:26:07.290 --> 01:26:09.473
because Mutreb

1732
01:26:09.573 --> 01:26:12.156
and Jamal Khashoggi
knew each other.

1733
01:26:12.256 --> 01:26:16.241
So when Jamal entered
the consul office

1734
01:26:16.341 --> 01:26:20.325
and saw Mutreb,
he did express some surprise,

1735
01:26:20.425 --> 01:26:25.291
but he welcomes Mutreb
in fairly warm terms.

1736
01:26:25.391 --> 01:26:28.414
The conversation
turns very quickly.

1737
01:26:28.514 --> 01:26:32.098
Mutreb is saying, "Don't
make it difficult for us."

1738
01:26:32.198 --> 01:26:35.061
And you can hear the fear

1739
01:26:35.161 --> 01:26:37.684
in the voice
of Jamal Khashoggi.

1740
01:26:39.847 --> 01:26:42.690
[Kandil] speaking Arabic

1741
01:27:00.830 --> 01:27:03.693
♪ tense music ♪

1742
01:27:03.793 --> 01:27:07.197
♪♪♪♪♪

1743
01:27:25.177 --> 01:27:30.223
♪♪♪♪♪

1744
01:27:37.591 --> 01:27:39.893
[Callamard] The doctor himself
explained to Mutreb

1745
01:27:39.993 --> 01:27:44.739
that it will be easy
to dismember the body.

1746
01:27:44.839 --> 01:27:48.183
Joints will be separated.
It should not be a problem.

1747
01:27:48.283 --> 01:27:51.086
[saw whirring,
plastic crinkling]

1748
01:27:54.810 --> 01:27:57.673
[whirring slows, stops]

1749
01:27:57.773 --> 01:27:59.155
At 3 p.m.,

1750
01:27:59.255 --> 01:28:01.317
CCTV captured people

1751
01:28:01.417 --> 01:28:03.680
leaving the consulate
with plastic bags

1752
01:28:03.780 --> 01:28:06.523
with the remain
of Mr. Khashoggi.

1753
01:28:06.623 --> 01:28:09.366
The body parts
were carried out

1754
01:28:09.466 --> 01:28:12.690
in several bags
and handed over

1755
01:28:12.790 --> 01:28:15.853
to other individuals
who carried them

1756
01:28:15.953 --> 01:28:17.175
into the car.

1757
01:28:17.275 --> 01:28:21.299
And at 3:50,
those same camera

1758
01:28:21.399 --> 01:28:23.542
record a member
of the kill team

1759
01:28:23.642 --> 01:28:26.906
leaving the consulate
accompanied by someone else.

1760
01:28:27.006 --> 01:28:30.790
This man puts on
Jamal Khashoggi's clothes,

1761
01:28:30.890 --> 01:28:32.151
puts a fake beard.

1762
01:28:32.251 --> 01:28:34.314
Could not put on the shoes.

1763
01:28:34.414 --> 01:28:36.396
They didn't fit.

1764
01:28:36.496 --> 01:28:40.601
And it was the shoes
that prompted

1765
01:28:40.701 --> 01:28:43.164
the intelligence, uh, services

1766
01:28:43.264 --> 01:28:45.086
when they reviewed
all the CCTV

1767
01:28:45.186 --> 01:28:47.188
to say that's not Jamal.

1768
01:28:50.271 --> 01:28:53.735
But this is meant to pretend

1769
01:28:53.835 --> 01:28:57.459
that Khashoggi
left the consulate,

1770
01:28:57.559 --> 01:28:59.261
and we do not know

1771
01:28:59.361 --> 01:29:03.206
where Jamal remains are.

1772
01:29:06.489 --> 01:29:10.173
speaking Arabic

1773
01:29:22.747 --> 01:29:25.811
♪ suspenseful music ♪

1774
01:29:25.911 --> 01:29:30.456
♪♪♪♪♪

1775
01:29:30.556 --> 01:29:34.100
[all] chanting in Arabic

1776
01:29:34.200 --> 01:29:37.284
♪♪♪♪♪

1777
01:29:43.611 --> 01:29:46.213
[all] chanting in Arabic

1778
01:30:02.912 --> 01:30:04.974
[Brennan] Knowing what I know
about Saudi Arabia,

1779
01:30:05.074 --> 01:30:07.617
there is no way
that that horrific act

1780
01:30:07.717 --> 01:30:10.861
was carried out
without the blessing

1781
01:30:10.961 --> 01:30:14.145
and direction from the very top
of the Saudi government.

1782
01:30:14.245 --> 01:30:15.666
There's just no way.

1783
01:30:15.766 --> 01:30:17.188
[man] Senators
from both sides of the aisle

1784
01:30:17.288 --> 01:30:20.071
are receiving the CIA briefing
they have been demanding.

1785
01:30:20.171 --> 01:30:23.355
There's not a smoking gun.
There's a smoking saw.

1786
01:30:23.455 --> 01:30:25.197
You have to be willfully blind

1787
01:30:25.297 --> 01:30:26.919
not to come
to the conclusion

1788
01:30:27.019 --> 01:30:29.522
that this was orchestrated
and organized

1789
01:30:29.622 --> 01:30:33.927
by people in-under
the command of MBS.

1790
01:30:34.027 --> 01:30:35.568
[woman] Mr. President,
why are you siding

1791
01:30:35.668 --> 01:30:38.171
with the Saudis over your own
intelligence community?

1792
01:30:38.271 --> 01:30:40.093
Because
it's America first to me.

1793
01:30:40.193 --> 01:30:41.855
It's all about America first.

1794
01:30:41.955 --> 01:30:44.538
We're not gonna give up
hundreds of billions of dollars

1795
01:30:44.638 --> 01:30:47.101
in orders
and let Russia, China,

1796
01:30:47.201 --> 01:30:48.543
and everybody else have them.

1797
01:30:48.643 --> 01:30:50.345
It's all about, for me,
very simple,

1798
01:30:50.445 --> 01:30:51.426
it's America first.

1799
01:30:51.526 --> 01:30:55.450
♪♪♪♪♪

1800
01:30:57.412 --> 01:30:59.355
[Rhodes]
Saudi Arabia can't exist

1801
01:30:59.455 --> 01:31:00.836
without the United States.

1802
01:31:00.936 --> 01:31:04.561
Their security guarantor
for decades

1803
01:31:04.661 --> 01:31:06.783
has been the United States.

1804
01:31:07.864 --> 01:31:10.007
The U.S. was in some way
responsible

1805
01:31:10.107 --> 01:31:11.528
for this man's death,

1806
01:31:11.628 --> 01:31:13.170
because the sense of impunity

1807
01:31:13.270 --> 01:31:15.052
we give Mohammed bin Salman

1808
01:31:15.152 --> 01:31:17.094
with this red carpet
treatment that he got

1809
01:31:17.194 --> 01:31:18.456
and the embrace from Trump

1810
01:31:18.556 --> 01:31:20.058
and nobody
really pushing back,

1811
01:31:20.158 --> 01:31:22.220
I think he thought he could
get away with anything,

1812
01:31:22.320 --> 01:31:23.902
and he was right.

1813
01:31:24.002 --> 01:31:26.265
And it's just
disgusting to see him

1814
01:31:26.365 --> 01:31:29.388
kind of grinning and
shaking hands with this guy

1815
01:31:29.488 --> 01:31:31.911
who just chopped up
another human being.

1816
01:31:32.011 --> 01:31:36.956
♪♪♪♪♪

1817
01:31:37.056 --> 01:31:39.980
[camera shutters clicking]

1818
01:31:53.915 --> 01:31:56.218
[Bass]
Good afternoon, everyone.

1819
01:31:56.318 --> 01:31:57.619
This hearing
for the Subcommittee

1820
01:31:57.719 --> 01:32:00.102
on Africa, Global Health,
Global Human Rights,

1821
01:32:00.202 --> 01:32:03.226
and International Organizations
will come to order.

1822
01:32:03.326 --> 01:32:04.467
I note that a quorum
is present.

1823
01:32:04.567 --> 01:32:06.069
[gavel bangs]

1824
01:32:06.169 --> 01:32:08.752
[Rundell] We have both
political and economic reasons

1825
01:32:08.852 --> 01:32:11.395
to maintain a relationship
with Saudi Arabia.

1826
01:32:11.495 --> 01:32:13.837
Saudi Arabia
is a strategic ally,

1827
01:32:13.937 --> 01:32:17.121
and I do think that outweighs
the death of one person.

1828
01:32:17.221 --> 01:32:18.803
Yes, it does.

1829
01:32:18.903 --> 01:32:20.885
So there's
a paid political commercial

1830
01:32:20.985 --> 01:32:23.808
for Mohammed bin Salman,
but, uh, you know,

1831
01:32:23.908 --> 01:32:26.251
I-I believe that,
so any event, there you go.

1832
01:32:26.351 --> 01:32:28.353
I thought that needed
to be said.

1833
01:32:28.954 --> 01:32:30.956
[Bass] Ms. Cengiz.

1834
01:32:33.679 --> 01:32:35.762
[Hatice sighs]

1835
01:32:36.402 --> 01:32:39.566
speaking Arabic

1836
01:33:05.795 --> 01:33:09.019
♪ somber music ♪

1837
01:33:09.119 --> 01:33:11.942
[sobbing]

1838
01:33:12.042 --> 01:33:14.765
Oh, Jamal.

1839
01:33:15.806 --> 01:33:18.890
[indistinct chatter]

1840
01:33:21.773 --> 01:33:24.456
[Kandil] speaking Arabic

1841
01:33:39.352 --> 01:33:43.337
♪♪♪♪♪

1842
01:33:43.437 --> 01:33:47.381
[Salem] The best justice
for him is a young person

1843
01:33:47.481 --> 01:33:49.303
reading his writing,

1844
01:33:49.403 --> 01:33:51.105
knowing about him...

1845
01:33:51.205 --> 01:33:54.029
♪♪♪♪♪

1846
01:33:54.129 --> 01:33:57.793
...being sure that those
that want him to be forgotten,

1847
01:33:57.893 --> 01:33:59.995
that they will not win.

1848
01:34:00.095 --> 01:34:04.981
♪♪♪♪♪

1849
01:34:07.463 --> 01:34:11.508
Well, you know,
Jamal was a friend and, uh...

1850
01:34:13.871 --> 01:34:15.933
...America and the kingdom

1851
01:34:16.033 --> 01:34:19.136
have a toxic relationship,

1852
01:34:19.236 --> 01:34:22.100
and it poisons not only
our own societies,

1853
01:34:22.200 --> 01:34:24.823
but it's spread
all over the world.

1854
01:34:24.923 --> 01:34:27.105
The chaos, the wars--

1855
01:34:27.205 --> 01:34:29.748
America's had
a big hand in that.

1856
01:34:29.848 --> 01:34:31.590
And Jamal's been
in the middle of that

1857
01:34:31.690 --> 01:34:33.833
from his earliest days.

1858
01:34:33.933 --> 01:34:37.657
He embodied, in some ways,
that relationship.

1859
01:34:38.538 --> 01:34:40.280
But this contradiction

1860
01:34:40.380 --> 01:34:44.805
became so nakedly obvious,
you had to choose.

1861
01:34:44.905 --> 01:34:47.808
Which side are you on?

1862
01:34:47.908 --> 01:34:51.172
♪ dramatic music ♪

1863
01:34:51.272 --> 01:34:53.134
♪♪♪♪♪

1864
01:34:53.234 --> 01:34:55.457
[Faris as Khashoggi]
The revolution is over.

1865
01:34:55.557 --> 01:34:58.020
Its most important values--

1866
01:34:58.120 --> 01:35:01.664
freedom, dignity,
and the right to life--

1867
01:35:01.764 --> 01:35:04.787
have fallen by the wayside.

1868
01:35:04.887 --> 01:35:07.831
The majority is unmoved
by the sight of the dead

1869
01:35:07.931 --> 01:35:10.173
when they belong
to the other side.

1870
01:35:12.736 --> 01:35:14.998
Divisions have even emerged

1871
01:35:15.098 --> 01:35:19.043
between the detained,
the refugee, the cynic,

1872
01:35:19.143 --> 01:35:22.667
and the dead that were never
celebrated as martyrs.

1873
01:35:24.389 --> 01:35:27.252
I can imagine a young man
returning home,

1874
01:35:27.352 --> 01:35:29.615
exhausted and bloodied.

1875
01:35:29.715 --> 01:35:32.718
He weeps
for his dead brethren.

1876
01:35:34.160 --> 01:35:37.744
Before going to bed
after Thursday's dawn prayers,

1877
01:35:37.844 --> 01:35:40.787
the young man
murmurs to himself,

1878
01:35:40.887 --> 01:35:44.031
"The revolution
is not over yet."

1879
01:35:44.131 --> 01:35:47.314
The will of the people
is still the law.

1880
01:35:47.414 --> 01:35:50.158
A new generation
must take the lead

1881
01:35:50.258 --> 01:35:53.181
and look to the future,
not the past.

1882
01:35:55.583 --> 01:35:58.847
One of the most beautiful
things I have ever heard

1883
01:35:58.947 --> 01:36:02.291
is the call of the Prophet.

1884
01:36:02.391 --> 01:36:07.016
In the beginning,
it is a call to freedom.

1885
01:36:07.116 --> 01:36:11.301
That dream of freedom
is alive in us,

1886
01:36:11.401 --> 01:36:13.303
ready to emerge again

1887
01:36:13.403 --> 01:36:16.387
with the first sounds
of emancipation.

1888
01:36:16.487 --> 01:36:19.550
[somber, stirring music]

1889
01:36:19.650 --> 01:36:24.696
♪♪♪♪♪