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[film reeling]
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Downloaded from
YTS.MX
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[explosion]
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[gunshots firing]
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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX
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[soft melodic music playing]
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[music intensifies]
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[narrator] Planet Earth,
home to a growing number of Homo sapiens
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and a whole lot of other creatures.
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It's a great place to live.
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When it comes
to the future of our small planet…
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Now to a dire warning
about climate change.
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Natural disasters
like hurricanes or wildfires…
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[reporter 1] An unprecedented decline
in nature threatening humanity.
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[reporter 2] Sixth mass extinction event
is already well underway…
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[narrator] There's so much bad news
about our planet, it's overwhelming.
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The fear that we're headed for a cliff
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puts most of us into a state of paralysis.
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The truth is…
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I've given up.
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And the odds are so have you.
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But what if there was another path?
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This is the story of a simple solution,
a way to heal our planet
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and keep our species
off the extinction list.
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In fact, the solution
I'm talking about is right under our feet,
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and it's as old as dirt.
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We call it soil, earth, or ground.
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And due to its vast scale,
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and its ability to sequester
immense quantities of greenhouse gases,
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it could just be the one thing
that can balance our climate,
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replenish our fresh water supplies,
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and feed the world.
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That's why some people
are racing to save our soil
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in hopes our soil just might…
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save us.
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[alarm beeping]
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[groans]
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[man 1] I am a conservation agronomist.
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I have been in every state,
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all the way from Alaska,
to Puerto Rico, to Hawaii.
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I've also been asked
to go speak in Europe, Australia…
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I just haven't had the time.
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If we get the soil right,
we can fix a lot of our issues.
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Healthy soils lead to a healthy plant.
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Healthy plant, healthy animal,
healthy human,
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healthy water, healthy climate.
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This is what this is about today.
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Learning how the soil works
and learning how to farm like nature does.
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I have learned my job is to drop a seed.
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And the more you farm like nature,
the more we can reduce your inputs,
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and the more money you can make.
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It's my calling. Just as simple as that.
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Actually, this is one…
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I've lived in four or five states.
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Everywhere I go and work,
we're still having the same problem.
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Massive erosion.
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Erosion is when soil becomes dirt.
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[introspective music playing softly]
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[Harrelson] Rapid erosion began long ago
when humans developed the plow.
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Its purpose was to break the soil
in order to sow seeds.
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By the Bronze Age,
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vast areas around cities
were plowed up to plant grains.
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But as their soils eroded,
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those once-great empires
vanished into dust.
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But we don't have
to look back thousands of years
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to see the dangers of erosion.
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In the 1930s,
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America experienced the largest
man-made environmental disaster
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in history.
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It was called the Dust Bowl.
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It was largely caused by farmers
tilling the once-fertile Midwestern Plains
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and leaving the soil exposed.
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By the end of 1934,
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roughly 200 million acres of cropland
were permanently damaged.
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[train whistle blows]
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On a whistle stop train tour,
President Franklin D. Roosevelt saw
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the destruction
of America's soil firsthand.
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In response,
he created the Soil Conservation Service
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to save the nation's soil.
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[Roosevelt] What I have seen confirms me
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in the belief
that I've had for a long time…
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that we're going to win on this problem.
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It relates to working out
a plan of cooperation with nature
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instead of going along
with what we've been doing in the past
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trying to buck nature.
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[crowd cheering and applauding]
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[Harrelson] The practice of plowing
and tilling the soil
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continues to this day.
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[hammering]
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But so does Franklin D. Roosevelt's
Soil Conservation Service.
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It was made part
of the US Department of Agriculture,
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and it's now called the Natural
Resources Conservation Service,
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the NRCS.
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We want the water
to leave through a living plant.
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[Harrelson] Today, the NRC
has field agents, like Ray,
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trying to teach farmers
to reduce tilling…
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Microbes live in there,
and that's called the porous sphere.
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[Harrelson] …and reduce the spraying
of industrial chemicals
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that damage the soil.
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Tillage is one of the most
intrusive things we do
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in modern agriculture.
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It is not our friend.
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[humorous music playing]
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[Harrelson] The message is simple,
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but getting that message out…
is difficult.
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We have a social problem.
We have an education issue.
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And until we get that right,
we can't fix our ecological issues.
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I have been in NRCS for 31 years.
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It's kind of amazing to me
as I was teaching all over the country.
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I'm going, wow, our producers
don't really know how the soil works.
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They don't understand
the basic ecological principles.
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Everything runs by carbon.
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We're built by carbon.
The soil microbes run by carbon.
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Carbon is the driving engine.
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It runs the system.
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[Harrelson] But when it comes
to the role of carbon in our world,
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there's… a bit of confusion.
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To be specific, carbon dioxide is a gas.
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We breathe it out,
and plants breathe it in.
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We also make carbon dioxide
by burning fossil fuels.
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But carbon isn't bad.
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In fact,
it's the basis for all life on Earth.
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[man 2] There's a tendency right now
for us to be at war with carbon.
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Carbon's the bad guy.
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And I think this is a lost opportunity.
Carbon's the good guy.
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We're carbon.
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I'm-I'm 16 percent carbon,
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and all of it came from eating vegetation
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and things that eat vegetation.
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[woman 1] Plants use sunlight as energy,
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and they pull carbon dioxide
out of the atmosphere,
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they turn it into a carbon fuel,
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and that's how they grow.
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But 40 percent of that carbon fuel,
they send down to their roots.
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They're leaking it out in a very
strategic way to soil microorganisms.
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Plants are feeding
soil microorganisms carbon,
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and the soil microorganisms
are bringing plants mineral nutrients.
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And in the process of all that,
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those soil microorganisms make
a carbon glue out of that carbon fuel.
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And they make habitat in the soil.
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They make little pockets in the soil
to control the flow of air and water.
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And that's one of the ways
that carbon gets fixed in the soil.
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[Harrelson] In other words,
soil has the unique ability
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to sequester carbon dioxide
out of the atmosphere.
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That's a big deal.
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And what's even more amazing:
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the soil contains
an entire universe of life.
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Here, I went to years of college,
and I took soil science. I didn't know.
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I really did not know how the soil worked.
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It's alive.
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["You Sexy Thing"
by Hot Chocolate playing]
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[woman 2]
In every handful of healthy soil,
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there more organisms than the number
of people who've ever lived
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on planet Earth.
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♪ I believe in miracles ♪
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♪ Where you from ♪
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-♪ You sexy thing ♪
-♪ Sexy thing, you… ♪
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[Nichols] And those organisms
are processing organic matter
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that's in the soil
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and putting the nutrients
into a form that the plant needs.
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Comparing the soil microbial diversity
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to the microbial diversity we're now
seeing inside the human organism,
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you have more bacterial cells
in your body than you have human cells.
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Yeah, we're about one percent human
and 99 percent microbes.
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[laughing] It's the truth.
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[Nichols] The food that we eat,
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we actually chew and break
that food material down into little bits
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that get eaten by the bacteria in our gut.
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When you eat kale,
[chuckles] let's say,
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when you're eating kale,
your body doesn't consume kale.
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The bacteria consumed the kale.
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And you feed off of what the bacteria
have processed and released
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by the consumption of that kale.
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The key to health is eating dirt.
[laughs]
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What I mean by that
is we need to eat what's in the dirt
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that's transferred to the plants,
that then we eat and create health.
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[women speaking Portuguese]
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[lighthearted music playing]
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[woman 3] You know,
my husband is an athlete for a living,
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so he wants to provide his body
with the best possible nutrients
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so he can perform.
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[players grunting]
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I beat my body down so much
over the course of the season,
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the last thing I want to do
is add a bunch of food
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that I won't be able to properly digest,
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that won't be the kind of nutrition
that I need
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in order to repair and regenerate
my body the way that it needs to be.
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And, of course,
the quality of the soil is huge
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because it is the beginning
of the quality of the food.
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That quality of food
provides quality health.
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It all comes from the Earth. Big Mama.
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Our health and the health
of our planet are connected.
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-[ethereal music playing]
-[birds chirping]
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If we choose healthy food,
there is a reciprocation.
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Not only we feel better, we are healthier,
but the Earth is healthier.
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[Harrelson] Taking care of the microbes
in the soil is critical for human health.
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But spraying the soil
with toxic chemicals,
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well, does something else.
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[Nichols] All of our soils that are under
chemical conventional agriculture
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are almost completely devoid
of microorganisms.
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[Harrelson] Spraying the soil
with toxic chemicals
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kills the very microbes we need
to give us health,
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and pull the carbon from the atmosphere.
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The more tilling that's done,
the weaker the soil gets,
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and the more farmers feel compelled
to use chemical sprays.
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This is the vicious cycle
of industrial agriculture.
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00:13:07,411 --> 00:13:11,457
And that cycle
was developed as a result of war.
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[cannons firing]
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00:13:16,420 --> 00:13:20,090
The roots of industrial agriculture
go back to a German scientist
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named Fritz Haber.
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[ominous music playing]
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Haber invented a process
for making synthetic nitrogen fertilizer
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that increased food production.
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His other scientific breakthrough
was the creation of poisons
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00:13:36,899 --> 00:13:39,318
known as pesticides.
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00:13:41,278 --> 00:13:45,574
Haber used his pesticides
as the first chemical weapons in history.
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00:13:45,658 --> 00:13:47,910
[somber orchestral music playing]
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00:13:49,578 --> 00:13:53,666
Then he developed the poison
used in the gas chambers of the Holocaust.
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00:13:59,630 --> 00:14:00,631
When the war ended,
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00:14:00,714 --> 00:14:05,010
US chemical companies
brought Haber's poisons back to America
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and rebranded
his toxic chemicals as pesticides
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for American farms.
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00:14:13,936 --> 00:14:17,356
[reporter 3] Dow set out to demonstrate
the effectiveness of its chemical killers
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on a nationwide scale.
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[crowd cheering]
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[woman 4] When the war ended,
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all the energy that went
into fighting the enemies in the world…
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went into fighting
the enemies on the farm.
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[Ohlson] All of a sudden,
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chemical fertilizer nitrogen
was available,
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and farmers could toss that on a field.
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Even if they hadn't
taken care of their soil,
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they could get a good crop for a while.
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[Harrelson]
Together, these wartime innovations
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00:14:49,388 --> 00:14:53,267
created the most powerful
industrial food production system
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00:14:54,685 --> 00:14:56,145
the world had ever seen.
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[dramatic orchestral music playing]
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00:15:06,530 --> 00:15:10,451
[Nichols] We created an infrastructure
around single types of industry,
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00:15:11,535 --> 00:15:15,414
and then we decoupled livestock
and row crop production.
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We found people
who are really good at raising livestock,
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00:15:18,375 --> 00:15:20,878
and you found people
who were really good at growing row crops,
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00:15:20,961 --> 00:15:22,880
and you split those two camps.
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[cow moos]
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[Ohlson] That ushered
in this big philosophical shift
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in terms of how we approached farming.
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00:15:31,221 --> 00:15:35,100
Instead of understanding
and honoring natural processes,
247
00:15:35,184 --> 00:15:36,810
we could just throw out these chemicals.
248
00:15:36,894 --> 00:15:39,521
We just throw out more and more of them.
249
00:15:39,605 --> 00:15:42,191
It kept going up and up and up.
250
00:15:43,609 --> 00:15:48,948
It takes more nitrogen now
to raise a bushel of grain
251
00:15:49,031 --> 00:15:50,866
than it did in 1960.
252
00:15:51,825 --> 00:15:55,496
[Archuleta] Our chemical fertilizers
mask the problem of degraded soils.
253
00:15:56,956 --> 00:16:01,168
Modern agriculture was not designed
for the betterment of the soil.
254
00:16:04,672 --> 00:16:07,716
[Harrelson] Today, our most common crops
are genetically altered
255
00:16:07,800 --> 00:16:11,095
to resist the spraying
of toxic pesticides.
256
00:16:12,680 --> 00:16:17,184
For example, the number one crop
in the United States, field corn,
257
00:16:17,267 --> 00:16:21,188
is almost entirely sprayed
with glyphosate,
258
00:16:22,398 --> 00:16:26,151
a chemical suspected
to cause cancer that's so over sprayed,
259
00:16:27,027 --> 00:16:30,823
it's found its way
into our drinking water.
260
00:16:33,409 --> 00:16:35,703
[Rodale] These chemicals,
261
00:16:35,786 --> 00:16:39,581
which were considered dangerous
to begin with,
262
00:16:39,665 --> 00:16:44,336
are now being used at rates
that would have been inconceivable
263
00:16:44,420 --> 00:16:45,421
twenty years ago.
264
00:16:47,214 --> 00:16:50,009
[Harrelson] Every year,
for every American alive,
265
00:16:50,092 --> 00:16:54,471
three pounds of toxic chemicals
are sprayed onto the food
266
00:16:54,555 --> 00:16:56,098
grown on our farms.
267
00:16:58,517 --> 00:17:00,894
[Rodale] That goes into the soil.
It goes into the water.
268
00:17:00,978 --> 00:17:02,104
It goes into our bodies.
269
00:17:02,187 --> 00:17:05,941
It's not just on the food you eat.
It's everywhere.
270
00:17:07,985 --> 00:17:12,156
[Harrelson] Most of the agricultural
industries' pesticides and herbicides
271
00:17:12,239 --> 00:17:16,118
transfer directly through breast milk
to babies.
272
00:17:18,954 --> 00:17:22,624
There are over 200 peer-reviewed studies
273
00:17:22,708 --> 00:17:26,336
that correlate the spraying
of these toxic chemicals
274
00:17:26,420 --> 00:17:29,214
to effects like ADD in children,
275
00:17:29,298 --> 00:17:32,634
pediatric cancers, and birth defects.
276
00:17:35,804 --> 00:17:40,100
That's why juries have begun
to award billions of dollars in damages
277
00:17:40,184 --> 00:17:43,729
to people who contracted cancer
after using glyphosate.
278
00:17:46,023 --> 00:17:50,235
We know, for example, that glyphosate,
which is also known as Roundup,
279
00:17:50,319 --> 00:17:52,821
has an effect on the gut microbiome
280
00:17:52,905 --> 00:17:56,366
that may lead to disturbances
that can create disease,
281
00:17:56,450 --> 00:17:57,659
including cancer.
282
00:18:00,245 --> 00:18:02,664
[Harrelson]
A big reason these chemicals make us sick
283
00:18:02,748 --> 00:18:07,002
is because just as toxic chemicals
kill the microbes in the soil,
284
00:18:08,462 --> 00:18:11,673
they also kill the microbes in our bodies.
285
00:18:12,800 --> 00:18:16,637
What I tell people is,
your body can handle acute stresses,
286
00:18:17,638 --> 00:18:19,890
but it cannot handle chronic stresses.
287
00:18:20,641 --> 00:18:22,434
The soil ecosystem is the same way.
288
00:18:23,185 --> 00:18:25,771
If you keep dumping the fungicides,
you keep dumping the herbicide,
289
00:18:25,854 --> 00:18:28,357
you keep dumping the insecticide,
you keep doing the tillage…
290
00:18:29,149 --> 00:18:30,567
chronic stress.
291
00:18:31,276 --> 00:18:32,778
It doesn't function anymore.
292
00:18:32,861 --> 00:18:34,863
[suspenseful music playing]
293
00:18:41,870 --> 00:18:46,458
[Harrelson] Since chemical agriculture
ramped up worldwide in the 1970s,
294
00:18:47,084 --> 00:18:51,296
we have lost one third
of the Earth's topsoil.
295
00:18:53,048 --> 00:18:56,802
But industrial agriculture
isn't just harming our soils.
296
00:18:57,719 --> 00:19:00,681
It's also affecting something much larger.
297
00:19:01,348 --> 00:19:03,475
[ominous music playing]
298
00:19:07,146 --> 00:19:12,609
[man 3] The most massive tsunami,
299
00:19:14,278 --> 00:19:17,364
perfect storm, is bearing down upon us.
300
00:19:19,116 --> 00:19:21,910
But fossil fuels…
carbon, coal, and gas…
301
00:19:22,494 --> 00:19:26,582
are by no means the only thing
that is causing climate change.
302
00:19:27,416 --> 00:19:30,502
Now, because the fate of water and carbon
303
00:19:31,211 --> 00:19:34,214
are tied to soil organic matter,
304
00:19:34,298 --> 00:19:38,093
when we damage soils, you give off carbon.
305
00:19:38,177 --> 00:19:40,262
Carbon goes back to the atmosphere.
306
00:19:45,225 --> 00:19:48,937
[Harrelson] Healthy soils
absorb water and carbon dioxide.
307
00:19:50,189 --> 00:19:55,986
But when we destroy soil,
it releases water and carbon dioxide.
308
00:19:57,988 --> 00:20:02,159
This dries out the soil
and turns it into dust.
309
00:20:06,079 --> 00:20:08,540
The process is called desertification.
310
00:20:10,918 --> 00:20:12,252
And how we deal with it
311
00:20:12,920 --> 00:20:16,381
could determine the fate
of more than just our climate.
312
00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:23,680
[Savory] Desertification is a fancy word
313
00:20:23,764 --> 00:20:26,099
for land that is turning to desert,
314
00:20:26,183 --> 00:20:31,021
and this happens
only when we create too much bare ground.
315
00:20:38,737 --> 00:20:42,407
[Archuleta] Soil and the plant
and the climate are connected.
316
00:20:47,829 --> 00:20:49,539
If you don't have a living plant,
317
00:20:50,832 --> 00:20:53,543
you're going to have more evaporation.
318
00:20:53,627 --> 00:20:56,463
What we want is transpiration,
319
00:20:56,964 --> 00:20:59,716
when the moisture leaves
through the plant.
320
00:21:00,259 --> 00:21:03,512
When it does that, it increases humidity.
321
00:21:03,595 --> 00:21:06,723
And when it increases the humidity,
we have more rain.
322
00:21:10,894 --> 00:21:15,274
Sixty percent of our rainfall
comes from the ocean.
323
00:21:15,899 --> 00:21:20,153
But a lot of people don't realize
40 percent comes from small water cycles
324
00:21:20,237 --> 00:21:23,740
where our rain comes from inland.
325
00:21:26,410 --> 00:21:30,080
What's going on
is we disrupted the small water cycles.
326
00:21:31,164 --> 00:21:35,460
That's when you have too much
sensible heat coming off bare soil.
327
00:21:36,670 --> 00:21:39,923
You're having
these huge vortexes of hot air going out.
328
00:21:40,590 --> 00:21:44,845
Instead of attracting the rain,
it's pushing the rain clouds away.
329
00:21:47,222 --> 00:21:50,642
[Savory] Take one square meter of soil
and make it bare,
330
00:21:50,726 --> 00:21:54,104
and I promise you,
you will find it much colder at dawn
331
00:21:54,187 --> 00:21:58,775
and much hotter at mid-day
than that same piece of ground
332
00:21:58,859 --> 00:22:00,944
if it's just covered with plant litter.
333
00:22:01,778 --> 00:22:04,614
You have changed the microclimate.
334
00:22:05,240 --> 00:22:07,451
Now, by the time you're doing that…
335
00:22:09,786 --> 00:22:13,123
on more than half the world's land…
336
00:22:17,502 --> 00:22:19,880
you are changing macroclimate.
337
00:22:28,472 --> 00:22:32,601
[Harrelson] Desertification of our soils
is a pressing threat to our climate
338
00:22:32,684 --> 00:22:34,061
and our species.
339
00:22:34,853 --> 00:22:38,315
[Savory]
But I have for you a very simple message.
340
00:22:39,107 --> 00:22:41,985
About two-thirds
of the world is desertifying.
341
00:22:42,944 --> 00:22:45,822
[somber music playing]
342
00:22:45,906 --> 00:22:48,909
[Harrelson]
As soils turn to dust around the world,
343
00:22:49,993 --> 00:22:53,705
every year, 40 million people
are pushed off their land.
344
00:22:57,334 --> 00:23:01,546
By 2050,
it's estimated that one billion people
345
00:23:01,630 --> 00:23:05,092
will be refugees of soil desertification.
346
00:23:08,887 --> 00:23:13,892
[Savory] More than 20 civilizations,
in all regions of the world, have failed
347
00:23:14,518 --> 00:23:17,687
because of agriculture
damaging the environment.
348
00:23:18,438 --> 00:23:20,816
Their communities could not handle
349
00:23:20,899 --> 00:23:24,194
the deteriorating environment
and the rising population.
350
00:23:26,029 --> 00:23:28,156
Globally, that's what we're doing today.
351
00:23:34,246 --> 00:23:36,498
Poor land leads to poor people.
352
00:23:38,959 --> 00:23:40,794
Poor people leads to social breakdown.
353
00:23:44,589 --> 00:23:48,635
Poor land leads to increasing frequency
of floods and droughts,
354
00:23:49,553 --> 00:23:53,598
and mass immigration
across borders and into cities.
355
00:23:55,767 --> 00:23:58,770
And it's leading
to ideal recruitment conditions.
356
00:24:01,398 --> 00:24:04,860
What we know right now
357
00:24:04,943 --> 00:24:08,029
is the way we're feeding ourselves
358
00:24:08,113 --> 00:24:13,451
is undermining the very ecology
that we're dependent upon.
359
00:24:14,703 --> 00:24:19,541
So the long-term prognosis
for our survival on this planet,
360
00:24:19,624 --> 00:24:23,670
given business as usual,
is very, very poor.
361
00:24:30,385 --> 00:24:31,970
[Harrelson]
According to the United Nations,
362
00:24:32,053 --> 00:24:37,517
the world's remaining topsoil
will be gone within 60 years.
363
00:24:40,187 --> 00:24:44,858
In other words,
unless we find a way to save our soils,
364
00:24:45,775 --> 00:24:48,570
we have 60 harvests left.
365
00:24:57,996 --> 00:25:01,958
The global scale of the problems we face
may seem insurmountable.
366
00:25:04,085 --> 00:25:06,838
But in every fight that seems unwinnable,
367
00:25:07,923 --> 00:25:11,176
there are those who refuse to give up.
368
00:25:13,011 --> 00:25:17,766
[Archuleta] Oh, let's see. Let's do that.
We'll do a couple of demos.
369
00:25:24,648 --> 00:25:26,650
[indistinct chattering]
370
00:25:34,366 --> 00:25:37,702
We're very fortunate
to have Ray Archuleta with us today.
371
00:25:37,786 --> 00:25:41,331
Ray, as you can tell, is someone
that has quite a bit of notoriety.
372
00:25:41,414 --> 00:25:44,668
He's got his own--
He's got his own reality show. Now, that--
373
00:25:44,751 --> 00:25:46,002
[audience laughing]
374
00:25:46,086 --> 00:25:48,630
With that,
I'm gonna turn the floor over to Ray,
375
00:25:48,713 --> 00:25:50,048
and, Ray, we appreciate you being here.
376
00:25:50,131 --> 00:25:51,007
-Thank you very much.
-Thank you, Ray.
377
00:25:53,510 --> 00:25:57,472
This is a supercomputer model by NASA.
378
00:25:58,265 --> 00:26:01,935
We're concerned
of the red and purples being CO2.
379
00:26:03,770 --> 00:26:06,064
I want you to notice the dates.
380
00:26:07,065 --> 00:26:08,984
That is February.
381
00:26:11,027 --> 00:26:11,861
March.
382
00:26:14,656 --> 00:26:17,117
Now, what are we doing March? April?
383
00:26:17,200 --> 00:26:20,954
What do we do
in modern agriculture in April?
384
00:26:22,789 --> 00:26:24,374
We are tilling.
385
00:26:30,297 --> 00:26:32,632
We're tilling the land.
386
00:26:34,175 --> 00:26:37,470
And look at the huge plumes of CO2.
387
00:26:38,847 --> 00:26:39,889
Look at the dates.
388
00:26:41,391 --> 00:26:42,225
May.
389
00:26:44,394 --> 00:26:48,815
Now, let's see what happens around June.
390
00:26:50,859 --> 00:26:52,569
Look at the colors change.
391
00:26:54,237 --> 00:26:57,782
Ladies and gentlemen,
what is happening in June?
392
00:26:57,866 --> 00:26:59,993
[uplifting music playing]
393
00:27:02,954 --> 00:27:04,414
[laughs]
394
00:27:04,497 --> 00:27:07,417
Do you see how powerful
the living plants are?
395
00:27:07,500 --> 00:27:09,544
Can you imagine
if we had all our rangeland
396
00:27:09,627 --> 00:27:12,005
and all our cropland covered?
397
00:27:12,088 --> 00:27:15,884
A covered planet is a healthy planet.
398
00:27:17,302 --> 00:27:20,138
We can fix a lot of our climate issues
399
00:27:20,221 --> 00:27:23,350
if we bring the CO2 down
into a living plant
400
00:27:23,433 --> 00:27:25,852
and put it back into the soil
where it belongs.
401
00:27:31,900 --> 00:27:37,155
[Ohlson] Agriculture is the biggest way
that humans impact our landscape.
402
00:27:39,616 --> 00:27:42,952
We have unleashed, through agriculture,
403
00:27:43,036 --> 00:27:46,039
over the centuries, over the millennia,
carbon from the land,
404
00:27:46,122 --> 00:27:47,415
and it's now up in the atmosphere.
405
00:27:47,499 --> 00:27:50,668
It's now part
of that legacy load of carbon dioxide.
406
00:27:52,629 --> 00:27:57,217
Many people are coming
to this discussion about soil health
407
00:27:57,300 --> 00:28:00,220
because it can bring that carbon back down
408
00:28:00,303 --> 00:28:01,638
and put it in the ground.
409
00:28:01,721 --> 00:28:02,555
[audience cheering]
410
00:28:02,639 --> 00:28:05,683
First, he's an environmentalist
and the editor of Drawdown,
411
00:28:05,767 --> 00:28:09,687
the most comprehensive plan
ever proposed to reverse global warming.
412
00:28:09,771 --> 00:28:11,189
Please welcome Paul Hawken.
413
00:28:11,856 --> 00:28:15,318
Tell us why your plan is different
and why it is the most comprehensive.
414
00:28:15,402 --> 00:28:17,987
Well, it's very different
because it's the first one ever.
415
00:28:18,071 --> 00:28:20,156
-[audience cheering and applauding]
-Wow.
416
00:28:21,449 --> 00:28:25,412
[Hawken] You cannot achieve drawdown
without bio sequestration.
417
00:28:26,204 --> 00:28:29,666
Bio sequestration
is using plants, trees, perennials,
418
00:28:31,167 --> 00:28:34,587
and techniques of grazing and farming
to capture carbon
419
00:28:34,671 --> 00:28:37,340
and store it in the sink of the soil,
420
00:28:38,091 --> 00:28:41,219
and retain it for decades,
if not centuries.
421
00:28:43,263 --> 00:28:45,056
What we did is mapped,
measured, and modeled
422
00:28:45,140 --> 00:28:49,060
the hundred most substantive solutions
to global warming.
423
00:28:49,978 --> 00:28:52,439
And what I mean by solutions,
I mean things that are at hand.
424
00:28:52,522 --> 00:28:54,524
We know how to do it. There's scaling.
425
00:28:55,150 --> 00:28:59,446
And if we continue to scale in a rigorous,
but reasonable way, over 30 years,
426
00:28:59,529 --> 00:29:02,449
we can reverse global warming.
427
00:29:05,160 --> 00:29:09,789
[Ohlson] When you talk to people
about this great technology
428
00:29:09,873 --> 00:29:13,710
that has existed for millions of years
429
00:29:13,793 --> 00:29:18,339
that takes carbon out of the atmosphere
and stores it safely in the soil,
430
00:29:18,423 --> 00:29:22,469
and that it's called plants
working with soil microorganisms,
431
00:29:22,552 --> 00:29:23,803
it seems too simple.
432
00:29:26,431 --> 00:29:31,895
[Harrelson] Putting our atmospheric carbon
down into our soil may be a simple idea,
433
00:29:32,812 --> 00:29:35,857
but to do it on a global scale requires…
434
00:29:36,649 --> 00:29:37,650
politics.
435
00:29:38,193 --> 00:29:41,696
And when it comes
to the politics of climate change,
436
00:29:41,780 --> 00:29:43,239
well, let's just say…
437
00:29:45,241 --> 00:29:46,659
there's a lot of hot air.
438
00:29:47,243 --> 00:29:49,412
[classic French music playing]
439
00:29:52,248 --> 00:29:54,250
[birds chirping]
440
00:29:55,668 --> 00:29:59,464
[Harrelson] In 2015, the United Nations
held a climate summit in Paris.
441
00:30:00,465 --> 00:30:02,759
It was called COP 21.
442
00:30:04,302 --> 00:30:09,474
Forty thousand delegates
from 196 countries from all over the world
443
00:30:09,557 --> 00:30:13,520
met to reach an agreement
on how to address climate change.
444
00:30:17,357 --> 00:30:19,859
There were presentations and meetings
445
00:30:19,943 --> 00:30:23,363
and speeches, and speeches,
446
00:30:23,905 --> 00:30:25,907
and speeches.
447
00:30:25,990 --> 00:30:28,159
[robot] My name is Bunkin.
448
00:30:29,202 --> 00:30:30,954
Please touch my screen.
449
00:30:34,165 --> 00:30:37,710
[Harrelson] And there was one proposal
that offered real hope,
450
00:30:37,794 --> 00:30:40,880
and it was presented by this guy.
451
00:30:40,964 --> 00:30:43,424
["Requiem Pour Un C" by Serge Gainsbourg
playing]
452
00:30:46,386 --> 00:30:51,182
[Le Foll in French] I come from a village
in the region called "La Sarthe,"
453
00:30:51,891 --> 00:30:55,019
a small village, with a population of 256
454
00:30:55,103 --> 00:30:59,065
who were involved
in the world of rural farming.
455
00:30:59,148 --> 00:31:00,400
There were lots of farmers.
456
00:31:00,483 --> 00:31:03,152
So I was interested in farming
very early in life.
457
00:31:04,571 --> 00:31:07,615
[Le Foll speaking French indistinctly]
458
00:31:07,699 --> 00:31:11,411
[Harrelson] France maintains the largest
agricultural science institution
459
00:31:11,494 --> 00:31:12,412
in Europe.
460
00:31:13,162 --> 00:31:14,539
It's called INRA,
461
00:31:14,622 --> 00:31:17,667
and it's been studying soil
for over a hundred years.
462
00:31:20,378 --> 00:31:25,216
INRA recently developed a program
called the Four for 1000 Initiative.
463
00:31:25,967 --> 00:31:29,721
Their goal is to increase
the carbon content of the world's soils
464
00:31:29,804 --> 00:31:33,016
by .4 percent annually.
465
00:31:33,766 --> 00:31:36,686
That would sequester
the same amount of carbon
466
00:31:36,769 --> 00:31:39,147
that humanity emits each year.
467
00:31:40,732 --> 00:31:43,526
[group speaking French indistinctly]
468
00:31:44,944 --> 00:31:48,114
-["Requiem Pour Un C" continues]
-[Nichols] The soil environment
469
00:31:48,197 --> 00:31:49,866
can hold more carbon
470
00:31:49,949 --> 00:31:55,705
than the atmosphere and plants living
on the surface of the soil combined.
471
00:31:56,706 --> 00:32:00,960
We have an incredible ability to be able
to store that carbon in the soil
472
00:32:01,419 --> 00:32:03,630
in a relatively short period of time.
473
00:32:05,423 --> 00:32:08,134
[Le Foll in French]
The primary tool of farming is the soil.
474
00:32:09,761 --> 00:32:12,972
It's not the tractor.
It's not the combine-harvester.
475
00:32:13,056 --> 00:32:15,058
It's not the satellite. It's the soil.
476
00:32:18,227 --> 00:32:19,646
What's really at stake here
477
00:32:21,022 --> 00:32:23,024
is what happens after COP 21 in Paris.
478
00:32:23,942 --> 00:32:27,570
If all people here
can become aware of the role of the soil,
479
00:32:28,780 --> 00:32:31,908
and if people can get that the soil
can be loaded up with carbon,
480
00:32:32,575 --> 00:32:34,535
and then after that,
481
00:32:34,619 --> 00:32:39,332
we must all take action
to achieve these objectives.
482
00:32:40,208 --> 00:32:42,210
["Requiem Pour Un C" continues]
483
00:32:44,671 --> 00:32:46,714
[Harrelson] At a side meeting at COP 21,
484
00:32:46,798 --> 00:32:50,760
Monsieur Le Foll,
the French Minister of Agriculture,
485
00:32:50,843 --> 00:32:55,848
presented an idea
that just might change the world.
486
00:32:57,767 --> 00:33:00,186
[woman speaking in French indistinctly]
487
00:33:00,269 --> 00:33:02,438
[in French]
Ladies, gentlemen, and dear colleagues,
488
00:33:02,522 --> 00:33:07,860
with all the farmland, but also,
with all the soils of the forests,
489
00:33:07,944 --> 00:33:10,697
we have an enormous potential.
490
00:33:10,780 --> 00:33:15,034
The fact that we are able
to implement an actual answer
491
00:33:15,118 --> 00:33:17,161
to the struggle against climate change,
492
00:33:17,245 --> 00:33:19,539
an answer that could equal
the same amount
493
00:33:19,622 --> 00:33:21,499
as the amount of carbon
humanity emits each year.
494
00:33:21,582 --> 00:33:23,376
That's colossal.
495
00:33:24,377 --> 00:33:27,714
Four parts per thousand
is the capacity all of us have together
496
00:33:27,797 --> 00:33:29,757
to be able to succeed.
497
00:33:29,841 --> 00:33:30,675
Thank you.
498
00:33:34,554 --> 00:33:36,806
[Harrelson in English]
At the Four for 1000 event,
499
00:33:36,889 --> 00:33:40,435
many countries signed
Stéphane Le Foll's pledge
500
00:33:40,518 --> 00:33:43,271
to draw carbon down into their soils.
501
00:33:44,147 --> 00:33:49,861
[man 4] Thirty countries from around
the world signing on to, what I believe,
502
00:33:49,944 --> 00:33:54,198
is going to be one of the most
significant changes in agriculture.
503
00:33:54,282 --> 00:33:57,160
Because to achieve this Four for 1000,
504
00:33:57,243 --> 00:34:00,913
we have to change
the way we do agriculture.
505
00:34:01,497 --> 00:34:05,126
[Harrelson] And doing agriculture
in a way that sequesters carbon
506
00:34:05,209 --> 00:34:09,338
requires a radical reduction
in toxic pesticides,
507
00:34:09,422 --> 00:34:12,592
GMOs, and synthetic chemicals.
508
00:34:14,552 --> 00:34:17,597
But the three largest contributors
to carbon dioxide
509
00:34:17,680 --> 00:34:22,560
and the three largest agricultural
producers were missing from the agreement.
510
00:34:23,561 --> 00:34:28,024
India, the United States, and China
did not show.
511
00:34:30,443 --> 00:34:34,197
[interviewer] Does it frustrate you that
America did not sign on to the agreement?
512
00:34:34,697 --> 00:34:35,782
[in French] Yes, it's frustrating.
513
00:34:36,908 --> 00:34:40,578
Because this is the first time
an entire country, France,
514
00:34:40,661 --> 00:34:44,290
yes, a smaller country than the US,
but a big agricultural country,
515
00:34:44,957 --> 00:34:48,753
has proposed a global
and political initiative
516
00:34:49,337 --> 00:34:53,007
that links together
the fight against global warming
517
00:34:53,091 --> 00:34:54,842
with changing the way we farm.
518
00:34:54,926 --> 00:34:57,637
But when it comes to the US,
they're not there yet.
519
00:35:00,556 --> 00:35:03,351
[Harrelson] And after all that,
the United States announced
520
00:35:03,434 --> 00:35:06,938
that it had pulled
entirely out of the Paris Agreement.
521
00:35:09,190 --> 00:35:12,735
If we are going to succeed
in balancing our climate,
522
00:35:12,819 --> 00:35:15,738
we do need to switch
to renewable energies.
523
00:35:16,781 --> 00:35:19,867
But none of that will alter
the tremendous amount of carbon
524
00:35:19,951 --> 00:35:22,036
we've already put into the atmosphere.
525
00:35:25,373 --> 00:35:29,210
Since 1750,
when the Industrial Revolution began,
526
00:35:29,293 --> 00:35:33,214
we've pumped about 1,000 billion tons,
527
00:35:33,297 --> 00:35:35,133
also known as gigatons,
528
00:35:35,633 --> 00:35:38,803
of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
529
00:35:39,804 --> 00:35:43,141
It's called our legacy load of carbon.
530
00:35:44,600 --> 00:35:49,564
And even if we stopped
all greenhouse gas emissions today,
531
00:35:49,647 --> 00:35:53,234
that legacy load of carbon
will still be there.
532
00:35:54,402 --> 00:35:56,320
[Ohlson]
That legacy load of carbon dioxide
533
00:35:56,404 --> 00:35:58,739
is still gonna be warming the atmosphere
534
00:35:58,823 --> 00:36:01,284
for decades, if not centuries.
535
00:36:01,367 --> 00:36:06,330
So if all we talk about
is reducing emissions,
536
00:36:06,414 --> 00:36:07,582
it's not enough.
537
00:36:09,667 --> 00:36:12,837
[Harrelson] If electric cars
and solar panels aren't enough,
538
00:36:13,379 --> 00:36:14,797
then what is the solution?
539
00:36:15,882 --> 00:36:20,178
The only goal that makes sense
for humanity is drawdown,
540
00:36:21,220 --> 00:36:25,349
a year-to-year reduction in carbon
in the upper atmosphere.
541
00:36:26,809 --> 00:36:28,936
Anything else is climate chaos.
542
00:36:30,771 --> 00:36:32,690
If we want to achieve drawdown,
543
00:36:33,649 --> 00:36:36,569
we have to go thank the Earth
544
00:36:37,153 --> 00:36:41,741
and start to farm
and grow our plants and trees
545
00:36:41,824 --> 00:36:43,451
in an entirely different way.
546
00:36:45,411 --> 00:36:49,373
Once you achieve drawdown,
within 20 years, you have cooling.
547
00:36:50,166 --> 00:36:51,959
You have the beginning of cooling.
548
00:36:53,085 --> 00:36:57,298
So, now, we have a horizon
that if you're 20, 30 years old,
549
00:36:57,381 --> 00:37:00,718
you can say,
"In my lifetime, we can achieve this."
550
00:37:03,971 --> 00:37:07,892
[Harrelson] In other words,
the very practices that heal our soils
551
00:37:07,975 --> 00:37:10,019
will also heal our climate.
552
00:37:10,102 --> 00:37:12,396
-[gentle piano music playing]
-[birds chirping]
553
00:37:13,564 --> 00:37:15,775
To stabilize Earth's climate,
554
00:37:15,858 --> 00:37:19,695
we can use the most powerful
carbon capture technologies:
555
00:37:21,239 --> 00:37:25,826
the photosynthesis of plants
and the microorganisms in the soil.
556
00:37:26,535 --> 00:37:29,247
And the one type of farming
that does this the best
557
00:37:29,330 --> 00:37:31,249
and draws down the most carbon
558
00:37:31,874 --> 00:37:35,836
is based on the concept of regeneration,
559
00:37:36,629 --> 00:37:40,132
which simply means
to repair the damage we've done
560
00:37:41,008 --> 00:37:42,510
and make things better.
561
00:37:44,428 --> 00:37:46,931
[upbeat guitar music playing]
562
00:37:47,014 --> 00:37:48,975
[man 5]
So we are sitting in a food forest.
563
00:37:50,268 --> 00:37:52,103
This is agroforestry.
564
00:37:52,895 --> 00:37:56,774
It's agriculture through trees,
tree diversification.
565
00:37:56,857 --> 00:38:00,027
-[roosters crowing]
-[Mraz vocalizing to guitar]
566
00:38:00,111 --> 00:38:04,991
I've got an avocado tree,
banana tree, fig tree, coffee trees.
567
00:38:05,574 --> 00:38:07,076
♪ …and put my hands in the dirt… ♪
568
00:38:07,159 --> 00:38:10,746
We went from a lot of crop
of single Hass avocado
569
00:38:10,830 --> 00:38:13,457
to now having
about 40 different fruit varieties onsite.
570
00:38:13,541 --> 00:38:16,377
♪ 'Cause my home is where
My food is grown ♪
571
00:38:16,460 --> 00:38:19,088
♪ I'm goin' back to the earth… ♪
572
00:38:19,171 --> 00:38:22,925
By diversifying, we can now have harvests
every month.
573
00:38:25,303 --> 00:38:29,640
If you're looking to do something
that would greatly impact Mother Earth,
574
00:38:29,724 --> 00:38:30,766
plant a tree.
575
00:38:31,559 --> 00:38:34,687
You don't need acres and acres
and acres to build a food forest.
576
00:38:34,770 --> 00:38:36,856
You really just need
a few hundred square feet.
577
00:38:36,939 --> 00:38:38,899
[vocalizing continues]
578
00:38:39,692 --> 00:38:41,277
You're gonna look outside
one day ago and go,
579
00:38:41,360 --> 00:38:44,739
"What is something we buy
every day at the grocery store,
580
00:38:44,822 --> 00:38:47,867
that instead of waiting for it
to be shipped around the world to me,
581
00:38:47,950 --> 00:38:50,619
what can I put in my own backyard
that I can do myself?"
582
00:38:51,495 --> 00:38:54,582
♪ And to truly be forgiven
We must all get back to livin' ♪
583
00:38:54,665 --> 00:38:57,376
♪ With the land in harmony ♪
584
00:38:57,460 --> 00:38:59,879
♪ I'm goin' back to the earth ♪
585
00:39:00,546 --> 00:39:01,589
♪ I'm goin' back… ♪
586
00:39:01,672 --> 00:39:04,508
[Harrelson] Regenerative agriculture
grows more food
587
00:39:04,592 --> 00:39:05,801
per acre.
588
00:39:05,885 --> 00:39:08,554
It's scalable
to our entire agricultural system.
589
00:39:08,637 --> 00:39:13,684
And what's more,
it's already being done right now, today.
590
00:39:20,149 --> 00:39:21,484
[man 6] I'm a rancher.
591
00:39:21,567 --> 00:39:23,778
That's how I prefer to be thought of
592
00:39:23,861 --> 00:39:25,488
is I'm a rancher.
593
00:39:25,571 --> 00:39:28,699
A farmer technically grows crops.
594
00:39:28,783 --> 00:39:31,535
A rancher raises livestock.
595
00:39:32,411 --> 00:39:35,873
Why I like to be considered a rancher
is because…
596
00:39:35,956 --> 00:39:39,877
I'm all about living things
and taking part in living ecosystems.
597
00:39:39,960 --> 00:39:43,672
And, to me, that's what my operation
is about: a living ecosystem.
598
00:39:44,507 --> 00:39:46,592
[tractor motor whirs]
599
00:39:46,675 --> 00:39:48,844
We purchased this place in 1991.
600
00:39:48,928 --> 00:39:52,181
And for the first two years,
I was farming conventionally.
601
00:39:52,264 --> 00:39:56,018
Heavy, heavy tillage.
High use of synthetics.
602
00:39:57,561 --> 00:39:59,313
1995 came along,
603
00:39:59,397 --> 00:40:02,233
and the day
before I was going to start combining,
604
00:40:02,316 --> 00:40:04,568
I lost 100 percent of our crop
to a hail storm.
605
00:40:04,652 --> 00:40:06,070
So we were totally wiped out.
606
00:40:07,446 --> 00:40:09,407
No income from our crops.
607
00:40:10,241 --> 00:40:13,285
That was really tough to take
'cause we didn't have crop insurance.
608
00:40:14,286 --> 00:40:15,871
1996 came along,
609
00:40:15,955 --> 00:40:18,749
we lost 100 percent
of our crop to hail, again.
610
00:40:18,833 --> 00:40:20,292
1997 came along…
611
00:40:23,504 --> 00:40:24,505
we dried out.
612
00:40:24,588 --> 00:40:25,714
Nobody combined an acre.
613
00:40:25,798 --> 00:40:27,466
There was a major drought in this area.
614
00:40:28,759 --> 00:40:32,054
1998 came along, and we lost
80 percent of our crop to hail.
615
00:40:32,138 --> 00:40:35,433
So we were four years
with basically no crop income.
616
00:40:37,226 --> 00:40:40,604
The neighbors were all taking bets
and waiting for my land.
617
00:40:40,688 --> 00:40:42,690
Times were really
getting tough financially,
618
00:40:42,773 --> 00:40:45,943
and the banker didn't want to loan me
any money to buy inputs.
619
00:40:46,485 --> 00:40:47,903
The best thing that could have happened.
620
00:40:50,114 --> 00:40:51,407
I wasn't gonna fail.
621
00:40:53,117 --> 00:40:55,119
I really had to start focusing,
622
00:40:55,202 --> 00:40:58,289
how can I make this farm and ranch
623
00:40:58,372 --> 00:41:01,500
get these soils to produce a crop
without all these inputs?
624
00:41:05,296 --> 00:41:10,384
So I started to be
a studier of soil ecosystems.
625
00:41:10,885 --> 00:41:14,138
I actually went back
and I read Thomas Jefferson's old journals
626
00:41:14,221 --> 00:41:17,516
'cause I was trying to figure out
how did they do this
627
00:41:17,600 --> 00:41:19,852
previous to the use
of all these synthetics.
628
00:41:25,149 --> 00:41:27,693
[Archuleta] We have been promoting no till
for many, many years.
629
00:41:27,776 --> 00:41:30,905
No tillage means
you don't till the soil at all.
630
00:41:30,988 --> 00:41:32,656
You just plant directly into it.
631
00:41:32,740 --> 00:41:34,492
This is a no-till drill.
632
00:41:35,534 --> 00:41:38,662
No-till drills are available
everywhere in the world.
633
00:41:39,872 --> 00:41:43,167
This will help you grow topsoil.
634
00:41:43,250 --> 00:41:46,128
Any type of tillage equipment
will destroy topsoil.
635
00:41:46,670 --> 00:41:47,922
This is your firming wheel.
636
00:41:48,005 --> 00:41:51,842
This holds this residue
so the disc here can cut it,
637
00:41:51,926 --> 00:41:53,677
just making a small slit.
638
00:41:54,261 --> 00:41:58,724
The seed travels down
at a specific rate per acre.
639
00:41:58,807 --> 00:42:00,309
This comes around,
640
00:42:00,392 --> 00:42:03,771
moves a small amount of soil
right over that seed.
641
00:42:03,854 --> 00:42:06,148
We're keeping all this armor
on the soil surface
642
00:42:06,232 --> 00:42:10,110
in order to protect the soil
from wind erosion, water erosion,
643
00:42:10,194 --> 00:42:14,698
so we can grow crops on much less moisture
with this type of a system.
644
00:42:18,369 --> 00:42:21,413
Rain falls on this,
it's going to go right into the soil.
645
00:42:21,497 --> 00:42:24,708
Rain falls on bare soil,
it's going to run off,
646
00:42:24,792 --> 00:42:27,169
and then
it's going to evaporate very quickly.
647
00:42:29,672 --> 00:42:33,050
[Harrelson]
Soil that is not tilled stores more water,
648
00:42:33,133 --> 00:42:35,344
thus increasing microbe growth,
649
00:42:35,427 --> 00:42:37,638
which leads to more plant growth
650
00:42:37,721 --> 00:42:40,683
and even to more local rainfall.
651
00:42:42,560 --> 00:42:45,646
This is the virtuous cycle
of regeneration.
652
00:42:49,316 --> 00:42:53,779
Gabe Brown's soil is also pulling
more carbon out of the atmosphere.
653
00:42:54,989 --> 00:42:58,534
For every one percent increase
in organic matter,
654
00:42:58,617 --> 00:43:03,080
an acre of soil draws down
ten more tons of carbon.
655
00:43:03,831 --> 00:43:05,249
[Brown] I mean, that's huge.
656
00:43:06,166 --> 00:43:07,668
We have to reduce tillage.
657
00:43:08,752 --> 00:43:10,212
We gotta grow cover crops.
658
00:43:11,171 --> 00:43:12,881
We have to get a living root all the time.
659
00:43:12,965 --> 00:43:16,677
We can't have these bare periods
with nothing growing on them.
660
00:43:16,760 --> 00:43:19,138
We've gotta start using these principles
661
00:43:19,221 --> 00:43:21,015
to restore the water cycle.
662
00:43:21,098 --> 00:43:22,391
And it is fixable.
663
00:43:28,022 --> 00:43:32,693
So I'm taking you to a field here
that is a multi-species cover crop.
664
00:43:34,612 --> 00:43:36,405
[uplifting music playing]
665
00:43:36,488 --> 00:43:37,948
The purpose of a cover crop
666
00:43:38,032 --> 00:43:41,535
is to enhance the life
and the function of the soil.
667
00:43:43,412 --> 00:43:44,246
Think of it this way.
668
00:43:44,330 --> 00:43:46,790
If I draw a monoculture on this field,
669
00:43:46,874 --> 00:43:50,502
we'd only be feeding
the soil biology one type of root exudate.
670
00:43:51,211 --> 00:43:53,088
I'm growing 19 species here.
671
00:43:53,589 --> 00:43:55,716
We're accelerating biological time.
672
00:43:55,799 --> 00:43:58,469
We're feeding the soil biology
673
00:43:58,552 --> 00:44:02,389
what it would take
a conventional farmer 19 years to do.
674
00:44:02,473 --> 00:44:03,724
I'm doing it in one year.
675
00:44:05,142 --> 00:44:09,355
So people might ask,
"How do you get any money from this then?"
676
00:44:15,361 --> 00:44:18,113
Our livestock will graze this
during the winter,
677
00:44:18,197 --> 00:44:21,533
speeding up the process
of regenerating those soils.
678
00:44:24,828 --> 00:44:27,873
Animals grazing living plants
679
00:44:27,956 --> 00:44:31,710
are a part of the carbon cycle.
680
00:44:36,423 --> 00:44:37,675
Here in the Northern Plains,
681
00:44:37,758 --> 00:44:41,178
our soils were formed
by large herds of bison and elk
682
00:44:41,261 --> 00:44:43,097
being moved by predators,
683
00:44:43,180 --> 00:44:46,183
grazing a landscape,
trampling that carbon,
684
00:44:46,266 --> 00:44:48,102
the plants, onto the soil surface.
685
00:44:48,852 --> 00:44:52,898
Not coming back for maybe a year.
Allowing full recovery.
686
00:44:54,608 --> 00:44:56,443
[Harrelson] It wasn't that long ago
687
00:44:56,527 --> 00:44:59,947
that over 60 million buffalo
roamed the continent.
688
00:45:03,951 --> 00:45:04,868
[gunshot]
689
00:45:04,952 --> 00:45:07,663
In an attempt to starve
the Native Americans,
690
00:45:07,746 --> 00:45:11,625
the US military and the railroads
killed most of the buffalo.
691
00:45:13,460 --> 00:45:15,254
By the time the culling ended,
692
00:45:15,337 --> 00:45:18,799
only a few thousand
of the majestic animals remained.
693
00:45:24,888 --> 00:45:26,473
Where buffalo once roamed,
694
00:45:26,557 --> 00:45:32,271
industrial agriculture now grows
hundreds of millions of acres of crops
695
00:45:33,313 --> 00:45:34,857
just to feed animals.
696
00:45:35,816 --> 00:45:39,653
And those animals
are concentrated into feedlots.
697
00:45:41,738 --> 00:45:46,952
In turn, feedlots produce
a tremendous amount of greenhouse gases.
698
00:45:49,246 --> 00:45:50,706
[Nichols] A feedlot situation
699
00:45:50,789 --> 00:45:54,543
has a positive amount
of greenhouse gases being emitted.
700
00:45:56,044 --> 00:45:57,921
In a grazing situation, the data shows
701
00:45:58,005 --> 00:46:00,591
that we actually get
greenhouse gases sequestered.
702
00:46:01,592 --> 00:46:04,094
So in one situation, you get emissions,
703
00:46:04,178 --> 00:46:06,763
and in the other situation,
you get sequestration.
704
00:46:07,598 --> 00:46:10,225
The problem isn't the animal.
705
00:46:11,435 --> 00:46:13,312
The problem is where the animals are at.
706
00:46:13,395 --> 00:46:15,397
[dramatic music playing]
707
00:46:16,190 --> 00:46:17,524
Cows can be good.
708
00:46:19,234 --> 00:46:22,529
That is one
of the most controversial statements…
709
00:46:24,573 --> 00:46:26,825
of mankind at this point.
710
00:46:29,077 --> 00:46:32,664
Using cattle
and allowing them to roam and graze,
711
00:46:32,748 --> 00:46:37,211
land grazing,
can literally revive enough space
712
00:46:37,294 --> 00:46:39,213
to create a tremendous amount of drawdown.
713
00:46:40,506 --> 00:46:41,882
I'm from Southeast Louisiana.
714
00:46:41,965 --> 00:46:44,551
I grew up
in an incredibly delicate ecosystem.
715
00:46:45,761 --> 00:46:50,807
Conservation was always
a very serious part of my life.
716
00:46:51,767 --> 00:46:55,145
I had no idea
that the Earth was desertifying.
717
00:46:55,229 --> 00:46:56,605
[helicopter blades whirring]
718
00:47:01,360 --> 00:47:04,279
I got on a plane from New York City
to fly to Zimbabwe to meet Allan Savory
719
00:47:05,906 --> 00:47:09,409
so he could show us
the difference between desertification
720
00:47:11,119 --> 00:47:12,162
and regeneration.
721
00:47:13,038 --> 00:47:18,627
Land that has been holistically managed
through planned grazing using cattle,
722
00:47:19,461 --> 00:47:21,505
-the most vilified animal in the world.
-[cow moos]
723
00:47:23,757 --> 00:47:26,343
We are in Africa right now
driving through a field
724
00:47:28,178 --> 00:47:32,724
that has been under Allan Savory's
holistic management for nine years,
725
00:47:33,725 --> 00:47:35,269
and it is an Eden.
726
00:47:36,478 --> 00:47:38,105
This is what you call high grass.
727
00:47:40,607 --> 00:47:43,694
Using livestock to reverse desertification
728
00:47:43,777 --> 00:47:47,656
is totally scalable
to about two-thirds of the world's land,
729
00:47:48,448 --> 00:47:49,866
and nothing else is.
730
00:47:50,409 --> 00:47:54,580
And, frankly, that can be done
at extremely low cost.
731
00:47:57,499 --> 00:47:59,251
[birds chirping, insects chittering]
732
00:48:02,337 --> 00:48:03,171
Here we are.
733
00:48:04,256 --> 00:48:05,549
This is what it should be like.
734
00:48:06,883 --> 00:48:09,886
You've been working
on this land for eight or nine years.
735
00:48:09,970 --> 00:48:14,224
It went from a place
of turning into a total desert,
736
00:48:14,975 --> 00:48:18,270
and using hooved herding herbivores.
737
00:48:18,353 --> 00:48:23,317
You have literally transformed that,
what we've been seeing,
738
00:48:23,400 --> 00:48:25,193
-into this.
-Yeah.
739
00:48:25,861 --> 00:48:28,488
How in the hell do you make this happen?
740
00:48:28,572 --> 00:48:31,158
[cows mooing]
741
00:48:36,121 --> 00:48:38,915
[Savory]
So the urine and the hooves of the animals
742
00:48:38,999 --> 00:48:41,126
are what caused this grass to grow.
743
00:48:42,252 --> 00:48:45,714
That livestock is never on more
than a hectare of this land,
744
00:48:45,797 --> 00:48:47,007
about 2.5 acres,
745
00:48:47,090 --> 00:48:49,217
-never more than three days.
-Right.
746
00:48:49,301 --> 00:48:51,511
And they're never back
on that piece of land
747
00:48:51,595 --> 00:48:53,347
under about six to nine months.
748
00:48:53,430 --> 00:48:56,183
-Wow.
-So no plant can get overgrazed.
749
00:48:57,017 --> 00:49:00,479
You can come any day of the year,
anywhere on this land,
750
00:49:01,355 --> 00:49:03,148
and you will see no livestock
751
00:49:03,231 --> 00:49:06,443
because they will be
on less than one hectare of land.
752
00:49:06,526 --> 00:49:09,071
And unless we take you there,
you won't even know it.
753
00:49:13,909 --> 00:49:18,413
Dealing with this beast of climate change,
a lot of people don't understand
754
00:49:18,497 --> 00:49:19,498
that this…
755
00:49:21,500 --> 00:49:22,918
-helps climate change.
-Yes.
756
00:49:23,001 --> 00:49:26,546
-This sequesters carbon.
-Yeah.
757
00:49:27,714 --> 00:49:32,427
This takes the one thing that
we so desperately need out of the air,
758
00:49:32,511 --> 00:49:35,889
and it holds it, and it makes oxygen.
759
00:49:36,765 --> 00:49:39,685
[Savory]
Yeah, if we can produce solid grassland,
760
00:49:39,768 --> 00:49:43,313
you can pull down enormous amounts
of carbon back into the soil.
761
00:49:44,064 --> 00:49:47,567
Two-thirds of the world, roughly,
is grasslands in savannas
762
00:49:47,651 --> 00:49:52,072
where the rainfall is too low
to support a solid canopy of trees
763
00:49:52,155 --> 00:49:53,281
giving you soil cover.
764
00:49:53,365 --> 00:49:57,160
So grass is essentially
what has to stabilize that soil.
765
00:49:58,662 --> 00:50:01,373
You look at this, and you realize
this is what the world should look like.
766
00:50:01,456 --> 00:50:03,041
This is what Africa should look like.
767
00:50:03,125 --> 00:50:05,502
This is what South
and Central America should look like.
768
00:50:05,585 --> 00:50:08,046
This is what Texas should look like.
769
00:50:09,589 --> 00:50:10,841
This is how we win.
770
00:50:12,342 --> 00:50:14,302
We can get the Earth
771
00:50:14,386 --> 00:50:17,973
back to the garden of Eden
that it once was
772
00:50:18,056 --> 00:50:19,474
by regeneration.
773
00:50:22,227 --> 00:50:23,478
[Harrelson] When used smartly,
774
00:50:23,562 --> 00:50:28,442
herbivores can pull down carbon
and reverse desertification.
775
00:50:29,443 --> 00:50:31,653
But it doesn't just work for Africa.
776
00:50:32,904 --> 00:50:34,656
It works everywhere in the world.
777
00:50:36,908 --> 00:50:39,035
-[idyllic music playing]
-[birds chirping]
778
00:50:52,507 --> 00:50:55,302
[woman 5] So it's long pants today, right?
You guys are gonna ride horses?
779
00:50:55,385 --> 00:50:56,428
Yeah.
780
00:50:57,095 --> 00:50:58,138
[woman 5] Okay.
781
00:51:17,741 --> 00:51:20,744
I was raised
in a rural area in Washington,
782
00:51:21,495 --> 00:51:24,331
adopted by a Lakota elder.
783
00:51:24,414 --> 00:51:28,210
We were out in nature every day.
784
00:51:30,879 --> 00:51:35,383
I found permaculture,
and that was very influential in my life,
785
00:51:36,176 --> 00:51:40,180
where I could see that
there could be a permanent agriculture…
786
00:51:40,263 --> 00:51:45,101
an agriculture
that not only fed the planet,
787
00:51:45,185 --> 00:51:50,232
but also fed the people
in a way that regenerated
788
00:51:50,315 --> 00:51:51,900
and didn't deplete resources.
789
00:51:53,777 --> 00:51:58,031
[Harrelson] Holistic ranchers,
like the Markegards, use careful planning
790
00:51:58,114 --> 00:52:02,661
so their cows sequester carbon
and actually regenerate the land.
791
00:52:04,079 --> 00:52:08,291
[Doniga] So this is our grazing plan
and control chart.
792
00:52:08,375 --> 00:52:12,087
This tells us where we're planning
to have the cattle when.
793
00:52:12,170 --> 00:52:13,797
[upbeat guitar music playing]
794
00:52:16,591 --> 00:52:17,467
Hi!
795
00:52:22,430 --> 00:52:25,016
[Doniga] Let's see. It's July 22nd,
796
00:52:25,600 --> 00:52:29,396
so they were in G1,
797
00:52:29,479 --> 00:52:35,402
and they are going to move here.
798
00:52:44,202 --> 00:52:50,250
All these paddocks correlate
with a map that I have here.
799
00:52:51,001 --> 00:52:55,881
So these are all segments of fencing
where the cattle are.
800
00:52:55,964 --> 00:52:58,383
It tells me how big it is.
801
00:52:58,466 --> 00:53:03,638
I can record observations, species,
all right in here in the field.
802
00:53:05,765 --> 00:53:10,312
We manage over 8,000 acres
throughout the Bay Area,
803
00:53:10,395 --> 00:53:13,106
so we're constantly on the move.
804
00:53:18,904 --> 00:53:19,988
[man 7] I never get bored.
805
00:53:21,823 --> 00:53:22,782
I never get bored.
806
00:53:27,537 --> 00:53:30,624
[Ohlson]
They call cows mobile microbe tanks,
807
00:53:30,707 --> 00:53:35,128
you know, because cows
employ microbes in their rumen
808
00:53:35,211 --> 00:53:37,839
to break down the fibers in food.
809
00:53:37,923 --> 00:53:39,758
So when cows poop,
810
00:53:39,841 --> 00:53:43,386
that is just like a steaming mound
of microbes dumped onto the land,
811
00:53:43,470 --> 00:53:47,349
and it's-- it-it, you know,
it's a powerful stuff for the land.
812
00:53:49,768 --> 00:53:51,895
[Doniga] So it's been about three months
813
00:53:51,978 --> 00:53:54,648
since the cattle have been
in this pasture.
814
00:53:58,902 --> 00:54:02,364
Did you hear that little pop
when I popped it out?
815
00:54:02,447 --> 00:54:07,035
That was all these root hairs popping off.
816
00:54:07,702 --> 00:54:12,666
There's just thousands
and thousands of feet of these root hairs
817
00:54:12,749 --> 00:54:17,337
that are interconnected
with all of these other bunch grasses
818
00:54:17,420 --> 00:54:20,966
and all of these other species
through their root hairs
819
00:54:21,049 --> 00:54:23,259
and also through the mycorrhiza fungi.
820
00:54:24,469 --> 00:54:26,096
The cattle will come along,
821
00:54:26,930 --> 00:54:30,976
and they'll eat the tops off.
822
00:54:33,812 --> 00:54:38,274
What happens
when the grasses get bitten off
823
00:54:38,358 --> 00:54:40,026
is these roots slough off.
824
00:54:41,653 --> 00:54:43,446
And what is that root made out of?
825
00:54:45,156 --> 00:54:45,991
Carbon.
826
00:54:46,616 --> 00:54:50,745
We're taking carbon from the atmosphere
via photosynthesis
827
00:54:50,829 --> 00:54:52,372
into the plant,
828
00:54:53,206 --> 00:54:56,126
and then it's going through the plant
829
00:54:56,209 --> 00:54:59,170
into the root system,
830
00:54:59,254 --> 00:55:03,133
that carbon, and it sloughs off
and turns into humus…
831
00:55:05,301 --> 00:55:06,553
where it belongs.
832
00:55:07,387 --> 00:55:09,389
[ethereal music playing]
833
00:55:16,896 --> 00:55:20,900
The form of agriculture that we use
834
00:55:20,984 --> 00:55:24,195
creates billions of lives
835
00:55:25,655 --> 00:55:28,867
in the form of soil microbes,
836
00:55:28,950 --> 00:55:33,163
in nematodes, in grassland birds.
837
00:55:33,246 --> 00:55:37,250
All of that wildlife is flourishing
838
00:55:37,333 --> 00:55:39,961
under an agriculture system
839
00:55:41,421 --> 00:55:45,425
versus a tilled crop field,
840
00:55:45,508 --> 00:55:48,303
which is denude of life.
841
00:55:52,348 --> 00:55:56,895
[Harrelson] In the vast majority
of those tilled fields grow one thing:
842
00:55:58,146 --> 00:55:59,981
animal feed.
843
00:56:01,024 --> 00:56:03,777
Corn, soy, and hay.
844
00:56:05,653 --> 00:56:09,449
These crops and the feedlots
that rely on them exist
845
00:56:09,532 --> 00:56:13,745
only because they are subsidized
by our tax dollars.
846
00:56:15,622 --> 00:56:19,292
I was speaking to a group of corn
and soybean producers from Missouri
847
00:56:19,375 --> 00:56:20,293
this past winter.
848
00:56:20,376 --> 00:56:21,503
And the one guy stood up and said,
849
00:56:21,586 --> 00:56:24,923
"Why would I want to plant
anything else than corn and beans
850
00:56:25,006 --> 00:56:28,093
when I'm guaranteed a profit
before I even go on the field?"
851
00:56:29,094 --> 00:56:32,180
[Harrelson] The United States Department
of Agriculture uses something
852
00:56:32,263 --> 00:56:34,974
called the Commodity Credit Corporation
853
00:56:35,058 --> 00:56:39,062
to give farmers price guarantees
for growing specific crops.
854
00:56:41,981 --> 00:56:43,775
In the current system,
855
00:56:43,858 --> 00:56:47,403
taxpayers subsidize farmers
to grow the crops
856
00:56:47,487 --> 00:56:51,282
that feed the animals
that live in feedlots,
857
00:56:51,366 --> 00:56:53,952
which emit greenhouse gases.
858
00:56:55,328 --> 00:56:56,287
The result?
859
00:56:57,122 --> 00:57:02,252
Our land is turning to dust,
and our farmers are going bust.
860
00:57:02,877 --> 00:57:06,548
[Brown] And then I come back and ask them,
now, how much money would you be making
861
00:57:06,631 --> 00:57:09,676
if the government
wasn't subsidizing your operation?
862
00:57:09,759 --> 00:57:11,636
And they know. They know the answer.
863
00:57:11,719 --> 00:57:13,513
They're not gonna be making money.
864
00:57:14,139 --> 00:57:15,682
I dropped off all those programs.
865
00:57:15,765 --> 00:57:18,476
I tell producers
I don't want to be on welfare anymore.
866
00:57:20,145 --> 00:57:22,897
[Harrelson]
Even with genetically-altered seeds,
867
00:57:22,981 --> 00:57:26,234
chemical sprays, and government subsidies,
868
00:57:26,317 --> 00:57:29,946
most farmers struggle
to make a few dollars per acre.
869
00:57:30,780 --> 00:57:32,782
But on its 5,000 acres,
870
00:57:32,866 --> 00:57:38,371
Brown's ranch generates
over $100 profit per acre per year.
871
00:57:40,665 --> 00:57:45,086
If you build a healthy farm ecosystem,
you're going to be resilient.
872
00:57:45,170 --> 00:57:46,629
You're going to take the risk out of it.
873
00:57:47,213 --> 00:57:50,383
Yes, I grow corn.
I don't grow soybeans, but I grow peas.
874
00:57:51,718 --> 00:57:52,552
That's good.
875
00:57:52,635 --> 00:57:55,263
But I also grow wheat,
and barley, and oats, vetch,
876
00:57:55,346 --> 00:57:58,558
and triticale, and alfalfa,
grass-finished beef, lamb, pork,
877
00:57:58,641 --> 00:58:01,478
honey, vegetables,
all these other products.
878
00:58:01,561 --> 00:58:04,272
I could care less
what the price of corn or beans are
879
00:58:04,355 --> 00:58:07,233
because they're such
a small fraction of my operation.
880
00:58:07,317 --> 00:58:10,695
I built resiliency into the ecosystem.
881
00:58:13,323 --> 00:58:16,701
Most of the land that's managed by farmers
882
00:58:16,784 --> 00:58:18,953
is owned by somebody
other than the farmer.
883
00:58:20,663 --> 00:58:22,332
We believe landowners,
884
00:58:22,415 --> 00:58:25,919
as they come to understand
the long-term benefits
885
00:58:26,002 --> 00:58:27,462
of managing for soil health,
886
00:58:27,545 --> 00:58:31,007
will encourage their farmers
to prioritize this.
887
00:58:32,675 --> 00:58:35,553
Once a farmer starts to manage
for soil health
888
00:58:35,637 --> 00:58:37,847
and see those economic benefits,
889
00:58:37,931 --> 00:58:39,098
they won't turn back.
890
00:58:40,725 --> 00:58:43,311
[Harrelson]
By switching to regenerative agriculture,
891
00:58:43,394 --> 00:58:46,397
American farmers
could increase their profits
892
00:58:46,481 --> 00:58:50,360
by over 100 billion dollars annually,
893
00:58:50,443 --> 00:58:53,154
and virtually eliminate their subsidies.
894
00:58:54,155 --> 00:58:55,865
You know,
we have a motto on our operation.
895
00:58:55,949 --> 00:58:58,743
We want to sign
the back of the check and not the front.
896
00:58:58,826 --> 00:59:01,913
It's a pretty good motto.
It leaves a lot more in your pocket.
897
00:59:01,996 --> 00:59:02,914
[audience chuckling]
898
00:59:02,997 --> 00:59:05,458
The federal farm program we have today
899
00:59:05,542 --> 00:59:09,963
is the most detrimental thing there is
to regenerative agriculture.
900
00:59:11,548 --> 00:59:15,468
[Harrelson] In order for our governments
to support the shift to regeneration,
901
00:59:15,552 --> 00:59:18,596
the people may have to lead the way.
902
00:59:19,764 --> 00:59:22,892
And the odds are
there are some things that you can do
903
00:59:22,976 --> 00:59:26,187
to save our soils today.
904
00:59:26,729 --> 00:59:29,732
[Maher] This is everybody's life
every hour of the day almost.
905
00:59:29,816 --> 00:59:30,900
Food waste.
906
00:59:30,984 --> 00:59:33,695
Yeah, food waste is ubiquitous.
Everybody does it.
907
00:59:35,822 --> 00:59:38,575
[Harrelson] Well, not everybody does it.
908
00:59:40,034 --> 00:59:42,537
["Latin Rock Party"
by Kevin Edward Jarvis playing]
909
00:59:55,133 --> 00:59:59,220
There are continents and other really
large regions that are getting hit
910
00:59:59,304 --> 01:00:03,391
with a double whammy
of higher temperatures and drought.
911
01:00:03,474 --> 01:00:06,352
This kills soil. It kills life.
912
01:00:08,396 --> 01:00:11,149
One of the solutions to that challenge
913
01:00:11,232 --> 01:00:15,445
is to collect the food scraps
from cities, like San Francisco,
914
01:00:15,528 --> 01:00:19,157
turn them into compost,
and get it onto local farms.
915
01:00:19,741 --> 01:00:24,287
And that helps them retain water
because compost is a natural sponge.
916
01:00:26,247 --> 01:00:32,045
The unfortunate reality is
most trash or garbage gets incinerated
917
01:00:32,128 --> 01:00:33,463
or sent to a landfill.
918
01:00:34,172 --> 01:00:35,465
We need to model nature.
919
01:00:36,966 --> 01:00:38,092
[man 8]
I had the good fortune of being mayor
920
01:00:38,176 --> 01:00:41,220
when we brought the United Nations
World Environment Day into our city.
921
01:00:41,304 --> 01:00:45,767
We made it a week-long celebration
of the environment and a call to action.
922
01:00:47,560 --> 01:00:50,647
And one of the specific strategies
was reducing waste.
923
01:00:53,274 --> 01:00:56,235
[Harrelson]
San Francisco residents are actually fined
924
01:00:56,319 --> 01:00:59,697
for not putting compost
into the green bin.
925
01:00:59,781 --> 01:01:03,576
[Newsom] We incentivize people
to keep things out of the black bins.
926
01:01:03,660 --> 01:01:05,662
When you have nothing
in a black bin, we don't charge you.
927
01:01:05,745 --> 01:01:08,456
When you have a ton of stuff
in the black bin, we charge you a lot.
928
01:01:08,539 --> 01:01:11,250
So your goal
is to get it in the green and blue bins,
929
01:01:11,334 --> 01:01:13,294
the composting and the recycling bins.
930
01:01:14,545 --> 01:01:16,756
You want to move the mouse,
gotta move the cheese.
931
01:01:19,050 --> 01:01:20,343
[Reed] In San Francisco,
932
01:01:20,426 --> 01:01:23,846
we're collecting 700 tons of food scraps
933
01:01:23,930 --> 01:01:26,641
and plant cuttings per day.
934
01:01:26,724 --> 01:01:28,768
["Latin Rock Party" continues]
935
01:01:37,026 --> 01:01:38,861
[Reed] It's 5:00 in the morning…
936
01:01:38,945 --> 01:01:41,322
and we're making compost.
937
01:01:43,449 --> 01:01:46,577
This is the most important kind
of garbage that there is
938
01:01:46,661 --> 01:01:50,873
because this is where the nutrients are,
and this is where the carbon is.
939
01:01:52,417 --> 01:01:53,626
The compost arrives,
940
01:01:53,710 --> 01:01:56,671
the food scraps from the restaurants
and people's homes,
941
01:01:57,755 --> 01:01:59,465
and we put them in this sorting system.
942
01:02:02,802 --> 01:02:04,512
Sixty days ago,
943
01:02:04,595 --> 01:02:07,098
this was egg shells, and chicken bones,
944
01:02:07,181 --> 01:02:09,434
and vegetable peelings.
945
01:02:09,517 --> 01:02:13,521
And, now,
it's a beautiful finished compost.
946
01:02:13,604 --> 01:02:16,315
And I'm digging in,
and it's quite warm here.
947
01:02:16,399 --> 01:02:18,943
It's still composting very actively.
948
01:02:20,153 --> 01:02:23,197
We collect our food scraps.
We put them in the green bin.
949
01:02:23,281 --> 01:02:25,742
It goes off
to Recology's compost facility.
950
01:02:25,825 --> 01:02:28,161
We turn it into compost,
and it gets on a farm.
951
01:02:29,245 --> 01:02:31,372
That's a simple solution.
952
01:02:33,207 --> 01:02:36,002
[Newsom] San Francisco became
the most sustainable big city
953
01:02:36,085 --> 01:02:39,255
in the United States of America
in just a few short years,
954
01:02:39,338 --> 01:02:40,882
and we grew our economy.
955
01:02:42,633 --> 01:02:45,344
And if San Francisco can prove an ideal,
956
01:02:47,054 --> 01:02:50,391
then that success can be replicated
in other cities, in other states,
957
01:02:50,475 --> 01:02:52,059
and other nations
around the rest of the world.
958
01:02:59,734 --> 01:03:03,237
Compost is the natural decomposition
of organic matter in nature.
959
01:03:04,655 --> 01:03:06,282
In a forest floor,
it's when the leaves drop,
960
01:03:06,365 --> 01:03:08,075
the fungi and bacteria take it over
961
01:03:08,159 --> 01:03:09,994
and literally build the soil
at the root zone.
962
01:03:11,704 --> 01:03:13,331
Compost is all about community,
963
01:03:13,414 --> 01:03:16,250
from the community of microbes
that are breaking down the pile,
964
01:03:16,334 --> 01:03:18,419
to the community of individuals
in Los Angeles
965
01:03:18,503 --> 01:03:22,673
that are physically turning and sifting
and contributing to that pile.
966
01:03:26,844 --> 01:03:30,056
I collect food scraps
from restaurants, manure from zoos.
967
01:03:30,139 --> 01:03:31,891
Manure. Do you know why?
968
01:03:31,974 --> 01:03:36,687
To keep this stuff out of landfills
and use it to make good, rich dirt.
969
01:03:36,771 --> 01:03:37,605
That's why.
970
01:03:39,106 --> 01:03:41,984
How do we take waste
and repurpose and reuse it?
971
01:03:42,068 --> 01:03:43,820
Because it's really not waste.
972
01:03:45,238 --> 01:03:47,198
My name is Pashon. It's Pashon Murray.
973
01:03:47,949 --> 01:03:52,078
So that was my destiny,
to be passionate about the environment.
974
01:03:54,247 --> 01:03:56,666
[upbeat island music playing]
975
01:03:56,749 --> 01:04:00,461
[woman 6] When we went to Haiti
to run this compost sanitation pilot…
976
01:04:01,462 --> 01:04:03,506
everybody kind of thought I was crazy.
977
01:04:03,589 --> 01:04:05,550
And maybe I am. [laughs]
978
01:04:05,633 --> 01:04:07,426
-I'm Steven. Yeah.
-And you're the…?
979
01:04:07,510 --> 01:04:09,345
-The [bleep] man.
-And I'm the [bleep] woman.
980
01:04:09,428 --> 01:04:13,099
-Yeah. We are the [bleep] men around, man.
-Yeah.
981
01:04:13,683 --> 01:04:15,309
Well Haiti happened, obviously,
982
01:04:15,393 --> 01:04:17,603
this earthquake
that was just so devastating.
983
01:04:19,021 --> 01:04:20,982
We all felt like
we wanted to do something.
984
01:04:21,065 --> 01:04:22,942
And Patricia, she's a problem solver.
985
01:04:23,901 --> 01:04:27,947
As soon as she got there, she was like,
"Okay, they have a sanitation problem."
986
01:04:28,030 --> 01:04:30,658
The water under the soil
was getting contaminated.
987
01:04:32,618 --> 01:04:36,038
[Patricia] 2.5 billion people
don't have sanitation around the world,
988
01:04:36,122 --> 01:04:38,916
and that means people can get diseases.
989
01:04:40,835 --> 01:04:45,631
So we train people around the world
to have composting toilets
990
01:04:45,715 --> 01:04:48,217
so they can learn how to collect
and treat their own waste
991
01:04:48,301 --> 01:04:49,552
for their community.
992
01:04:49,635 --> 01:04:54,056
[David] The most noticeable change
that we saw was the smell.
993
01:04:54,140 --> 01:04:57,476
The experience of living around
the latrines was night and day.
994
01:04:57,560 --> 01:04:59,270
We're in front of this compost pile.
995
01:04:59,353 --> 01:05:02,982
-Do you guys smell anything bad here?
-[children] No.
996
01:05:04,150 --> 01:05:08,237
[Patricia] Part of the strength of this
system is that it's very easy to learn.
997
01:05:08,321 --> 01:05:11,991
You don't have to order some part
or component.
998
01:05:12,783 --> 01:05:15,161
People can learn
how to do this everywhere.
999
01:05:15,244 --> 01:05:19,582
So here is the spare container.
Here is the sawdust available.
1000
01:05:19,665 --> 01:05:22,543
[Patricia]
What I love about thermophilic composting
1001
01:05:22,627 --> 01:05:25,713
is that it helps address
multiple climate change issues.
1002
01:05:25,796 --> 01:05:28,966
It helps us protect water resources.
1003
01:05:29,050 --> 01:05:31,010
Treating it
and getting rid of all the pathogens,
1004
01:05:31,093 --> 01:05:33,012
and ending up with compost.
1005
01:05:33,095 --> 01:05:36,933
And when it's finished,
it will be like beautiful dirt.
1006
01:05:37,016 --> 01:05:41,103
You can then amend the soil
and have more crop growth.
1007
01:05:42,104 --> 01:05:44,774
[David] The only problem with it
is that people are hung up on the fact
1008
01:05:44,857 --> 01:05:46,400
that it's human feces.
1009
01:05:46,484 --> 01:05:49,070
We just, in general, as humans,
have a poo phobia.
1010
01:05:51,113 --> 01:05:54,659
But what most people don't know
is that all across America,
1011
01:05:54,742 --> 01:05:58,663
if you buy some potting mix,
it probably has biosolids in it,
1012
01:05:58,746 --> 01:06:00,998
and that comes from human sewage.
1013
01:06:02,333 --> 01:06:04,919
We eat food. We poop it out.
1014
01:06:05,002 --> 01:06:09,090
We can then treat it and create soil
1015
01:06:09,173 --> 01:06:12,176
that has good content for the plants,
1016
01:06:12,259 --> 01:06:14,804
and then the circle
just goes around and around.
1017
01:06:16,263 --> 01:06:18,265
The poop has to stay in the loop.
1018
01:06:19,642 --> 01:06:21,018
This is a very nice toilet,
1019
01:06:22,103 --> 01:06:24,313
and I would love to go
to the bathroom in your toilet.
1020
01:06:24,397 --> 01:06:25,731
Excuse me, please.
1021
01:06:25,815 --> 01:06:27,316
[all laughing]
1022
01:06:28,401 --> 01:06:34,156
[Harrelson] Compost is just one of a suite
of soil-based carbon capture solutions.
1023
01:06:35,574 --> 01:06:39,537
The more we choose regenerative foods,
the more that farmers will grow them.
1024
01:06:40,579 --> 01:06:43,958
We're at a critical moment
in human history.
1025
01:06:45,167 --> 01:06:50,923
There could be a way
to eat food that heals the planet.
1026
01:06:54,343 --> 01:06:58,889
The way we're articulating it
is the regenerative diet.
1027
01:07:01,434 --> 01:07:04,145
[man 9]
I've personally been vegan for 20 years.
1028
01:07:04,228 --> 01:07:07,481
I've just kind of proven in my own world,
like, hey, you can rock life in a…
1029
01:07:07,565 --> 01:07:09,775
very healthy, strong,
and powerful fashion
1030
01:07:09,859 --> 01:07:11,444
on a plant-based diet.
1031
01:07:14,321 --> 01:07:18,868
If you're eating meat, if you can eat it
from a lot more correct high-level farms.
1032
01:07:20,494 --> 01:07:21,620
[Engelhart] If we do eat meat,
1033
01:07:22,496 --> 01:07:26,167
we need to eat meat
that comes from pasture-raised,
1034
01:07:26,250 --> 01:07:29,253
grass-fed, humanely-killed animals.
1035
01:07:30,171 --> 01:07:32,840
[Bronner] This is the most crucial choice
all of us can make
1036
01:07:32,923 --> 01:07:34,383
for the future of the planet.
1037
01:07:34,467 --> 01:07:35,509
What are we eating?
1038
01:07:35,593 --> 01:07:38,137
What kind of farming systems
are we supporting?
1039
01:07:38,220 --> 01:07:40,431
Are we regenerating the Earth,
or are we degenerating?
1040
01:07:44,727 --> 01:07:46,979
[Brown] So what we have here
are two of our egg-mobiles.
1041
01:07:47,813 --> 01:07:52,359
Approximately three days after the cattle
move through an area and graze,
1042
01:07:52,443 --> 01:07:54,695
we'll bring the land hens in.
1043
01:07:54,779 --> 01:07:56,072
They truly are free range.
1044
01:07:56,155 --> 01:07:58,908
They could walk to California
if they so choose.
1045
01:08:00,034 --> 01:08:03,079
What we did here
is we went to the local grocer,
1046
01:08:03,162 --> 01:08:06,123
and we bought a dozen cage-free,
1047
01:08:06,832 --> 01:08:09,627
all-natural, humanely-raised eggs.
1048
01:08:09,710 --> 01:08:12,129
We'll reach in there
and crack one of those open.
1049
01:08:12,922 --> 01:08:17,802
Now, what we have here
is one from our pastured land hens.
1050
01:08:19,720 --> 01:08:22,139
Ours on the left is much darker colored.
1051
01:08:22,223 --> 01:08:23,390
Now, watch this.
1052
01:08:25,309 --> 01:08:27,394
See how that breaks open rather easily?
1053
01:08:28,187 --> 01:08:29,021
It's runny.
1054
01:08:29,939 --> 01:08:31,232
Now, look at this.
1055
01:08:31,315 --> 01:08:36,487
I can poke my finger into there
several times before we finally break it.
1056
01:08:36,570 --> 01:08:40,157
Now, look at the color of that yolk
and look at the difference.
1057
01:08:42,326 --> 01:08:46,956
Ours are out on pasture.
They eat whatever they can forage for.
1058
01:08:47,039 --> 01:08:49,708
These, although they're cage-free,
1059
01:08:49,792 --> 01:08:53,963
they are no doubt in confinement,
and they're fed mostly grain.
1060
01:08:54,046 --> 01:08:58,217
Ours are going to be much higher
in nutrient density
1061
01:08:58,300 --> 01:08:59,510
as compared to these.
1062
01:09:00,386 --> 01:09:02,388
And what you're really feeling there
1063
01:09:02,471 --> 01:09:07,268
is the nutrients and the complexity
of regenerative agriculture.
1064
01:09:08,894 --> 01:09:11,814
[Harrelson]
Eating a regenerative diet is important,
1065
01:09:11,897 --> 01:09:15,359
but so is working with the people
who grow our food.
1066
01:09:17,153 --> 01:09:20,948
[Archuleta] Today, we estimate
five percent or less of farms
1067
01:09:21,031 --> 01:09:22,825
are managed for soil health.
1068
01:09:23,993 --> 01:09:28,080
The Nature Conservancy has partnered
with the National Corn Growers Association
1069
01:09:28,164 --> 01:09:30,332
to establish the Soil Health Partnership.
1070
01:09:31,167 --> 01:09:37,089
Our goal is to grow this to 50 percent
of US farms managed for soil health
1071
01:09:37,173 --> 01:09:38,299
by 2025.
1072
01:09:39,592 --> 01:09:42,428
[Brown]
This idea of the Soil Health Academy
1073
01:09:42,511 --> 01:09:44,638
started about five years ago
1074
01:09:44,722 --> 01:09:49,476
when Ray first stepped onto my ranch
and we first met.
1075
01:09:50,477 --> 01:09:53,522
Little did we know
what would become of that plan
1076
01:09:53,606 --> 01:09:55,983
to try and move regeneration forward.
1077
01:09:56,567 --> 01:09:58,694
It's finally come to fruition.
1078
01:09:59,320 --> 01:10:00,487
-Ray Archuleta.
-Jesse.
1079
01:10:00,571 --> 01:10:01,864
Hi, Jesse. Good to see you.
1080
01:10:02,865 --> 01:10:06,368
Let me-- let me start off with myself.
My name is, uh, Ray Archuleta.
1081
01:10:06,452 --> 01:10:08,704
I have 32 years of government service.
1082
01:10:08,787 --> 01:10:13,125
Our goal was to make the soil healthy
to teach more these ecological principles.
1083
01:10:15,461 --> 01:10:19,423
We wanted to…
to mentor, to inspire people
1084
01:10:20,341 --> 01:10:22,051
that they're part of the planet,
1085
01:10:22,676 --> 01:10:25,596
and that we're gonna have
a better relationship with it.
1086
01:10:27,389 --> 01:10:29,642
[Brown] Used to be
you'd pick up a farm magazine,
1087
01:10:29,725 --> 01:10:32,019
and there wasn't a single article
about soil health.
1088
01:10:32,102 --> 01:10:33,812
Now, you cannot pick one up
1089
01:10:33,896 --> 01:10:36,649
without there bein' some article
about soil health.
1090
01:10:36,732 --> 01:10:38,067
That gives me hope.
1091
01:10:39,985 --> 01:10:42,404
We can improve soil health
much, much faster
1092
01:10:42,488 --> 01:10:44,156
than we used to think possible.
1093
01:10:44,240 --> 01:10:46,367
Sometimes, when I give presentations,
1094
01:10:46,450 --> 01:10:51,121
I get this group that's just, no way.
It won't happen here. Can't happen here.
1095
01:10:51,205 --> 01:10:53,040
So I offer them this challenge.
1096
01:10:53,123 --> 01:10:55,376
I said, "I will bet my ranch against yours
1097
01:10:55,459 --> 01:10:57,211
that I can get it to work
on your operation."
1098
01:10:58,045 --> 01:11:01,257
Because the principles of soil health,
1099
01:11:01,966 --> 01:11:05,135
the least amount
of mechanical disturbance, diversity,
1100
01:11:05,219 --> 01:11:09,431
armor on the soil, living root
at all times, animal integration…
1101
01:11:09,515 --> 01:11:11,684
Those principles are universal.
1102
01:11:11,767 --> 01:11:14,937
There is zero doubt,
and I mean zero doubt in my mind
1103
01:11:15,020 --> 01:11:17,940
I can get these practices to work
anywhere in the world.
1104
01:11:23,779 --> 01:11:26,991
If you look over here,
we have my neighbor's land
1105
01:11:27,074 --> 01:11:29,368
that has been chemical fallowed.
1106
01:11:29,451 --> 01:11:32,830
It has had nothing growing on it
for over a year
1107
01:11:32,913 --> 01:11:36,250
except for the few
Roundup-resistant weeds that are on here.
1108
01:11:37,042 --> 01:11:38,752
It's an ecological desert.
1109
01:11:38,836 --> 01:11:40,796
Then you look over at our paddocks,
1110
01:11:41,463 --> 01:11:44,258
you have a diversity
of different plant species.
1111
01:11:44,341 --> 01:11:45,301
You have insects.
1112
01:11:45,384 --> 01:11:48,345
You have wildlife,
plus the livestock grazing on it.
1113
01:11:48,929 --> 01:11:53,517
We're capturing sunlight from early
in the spring till late in the fall,
1114
01:11:53,600 --> 01:11:56,603
converting that sunlight
into liquid carbon
1115
01:11:56,687 --> 01:11:58,522
to drive and fuel the system.
1116
01:11:59,481 --> 01:12:02,776
There you have soil.
Over on this side, you have dirt.
1117
01:12:07,156 --> 01:12:08,991
Where do you want your food to come from?
1118
01:12:09,074 --> 01:12:12,328
Which model do you want
your food to be produced from?
1119
01:12:13,495 --> 01:12:15,289
The answer is pretty simple to me.
1120
01:12:23,380 --> 01:12:24,923
[Harrelson] All over our planet,
1121
01:12:25,007 --> 01:12:29,595
people are using the practices
of regeneration to heal the land
1122
01:12:29,678 --> 01:12:31,180
and balance the climate.
1123
01:12:32,222 --> 01:12:34,892
Some of these projects are big.
1124
01:12:36,268 --> 01:12:40,147
We know that about 25 percent
of the world's landmass
1125
01:12:40,230 --> 01:12:43,150
has been degraded
by human beings over historical time.
1126
01:12:43,233 --> 01:12:45,235
[intense music playing]
1127
01:12:46,320 --> 01:12:49,740
When we look
at the cradles of civilization,
1128
01:12:50,407 --> 01:12:52,534
Greece and Rome,
1129
01:12:52,618 --> 01:12:55,913
we find that many of these places
have turned into deserts.
1130
01:12:57,873 --> 01:13:02,419
The sand is blowing across the ruins
of once-great civilizations.
1131
01:13:03,921 --> 01:13:08,217
Loess Plateau,
the cradle of Chinese civilization.
1132
01:13:08,300 --> 01:13:12,304
That was the place
where settled agriculture first began.
1133
01:13:13,514 --> 01:13:17,017
When I was asked to film
the baseline study in the Loess Plateau,
1134
01:13:17,101 --> 01:13:20,687
I found myself alone
standing on a mountain top,
1135
01:13:20,771 --> 01:13:24,358
and I could look in 360 degrees,
and there was no vegetation.
1136
01:13:24,441 --> 01:13:25,526
[bird cawing]
1137
01:13:28,362 --> 01:13:32,324
This was fundamentally,
ecologically destroyed.
1138
01:13:32,408 --> 01:13:35,744
It was called
"the most eroded place on Earth,"
1139
01:13:36,620 --> 01:13:38,580
filled with miserably poor people.
1140
01:13:39,957 --> 01:13:45,546
So I felt that I had to spend
the rest of my life dealing with this.
1141
01:13:45,629 --> 01:13:46,797
[cheerful music playing]
1142
01:13:49,758 --> 01:13:54,346
It was hard to imagine,
at that time, that you could restore that.
1143
01:13:56,140 --> 01:14:02,020
So from about 1994 till 2009, 14 years,
1144
01:14:02,104 --> 01:14:05,149
an area of 35,000 square kilometers,
1145
01:14:05,232 --> 01:14:07,359
approximately the size of Belgium,
1146
01:14:07,943 --> 01:14:10,195
they had the top Chinese scientists,
1147
01:14:10,279 --> 01:14:13,449
they had international scientists
from the World Bank supporting them…
1148
01:14:13,532 --> 01:14:16,410
They created mapping systems
with satellites
1149
01:14:16,493 --> 01:14:21,582
so that every watershed
had a unique address.
1150
01:14:21,665 --> 01:14:23,500
The results were…
1151
01:14:25,335 --> 01:14:26,253
stunning.
1152
01:14:31,550 --> 01:14:33,802
[majestic orchestral music playing]
1153
01:14:50,611 --> 01:14:53,655
Hundreds of millions of people
were lifted out of poverty.
1154
01:14:54,490 --> 01:14:57,284
We met people who were illiterate,
1155
01:14:57,367 --> 01:15:01,955
and their children now go
to the top universities in the country.
1156
01:15:07,127 --> 01:15:09,421
["I Won't Give Up" by Jason Mraz playing]
1157
01:15:09,505 --> 01:15:11,965
[Liu] Human beings emerged in paradise.
1158
01:15:12,049 --> 01:15:15,344
If we restore
all the degraded land on the Earth,
1159
01:15:15,427 --> 01:15:17,346
we can return to paradise.
1160
01:15:18,847 --> 01:15:22,267
If we start now
to build a restoration economy,
1161
01:15:22,351 --> 01:15:24,102
a regeneration economy,
1162
01:15:24,686 --> 01:15:26,396
this is the way forward.
1163
01:15:27,606 --> 01:15:31,276
To see a stream return and flow
1164
01:15:31,360 --> 01:15:33,862
to bring back fertile soils,
1165
01:15:33,946 --> 01:15:38,075
to see biodiversity return to a place
that was completely devastated,
1166
01:15:38,617 --> 01:15:42,746
this is where everyone can find
tremendous satisfaction.
1167
01:15:44,748 --> 01:15:49,878
[Mraz] ♪ When I look into your eyes ♪
1168
01:15:49,962 --> 01:15:55,175
♪ It's like watchin' the night sky ♪
1169
01:15:55,259 --> 01:16:00,514
♪ Or a beautiful sunrise ♪
1170
01:16:00,597 --> 01:16:04,935
♪ For there's so much they hold ♪
1171
01:16:09,273 --> 01:16:13,151
[Liu] So let's restore
a little bit of paradise every day.
1172
01:16:14,319 --> 01:16:15,821
It's not that difficult.
1173
01:16:16,738 --> 01:16:20,659
If we stop distracting ourselves
with shiny objects,
1174
01:16:20,742 --> 01:16:23,662
and we start to think
about what's really important to us,
1175
01:16:23,745 --> 01:16:28,208
to see biodiversity returned
to a place it was completely devastated…
1176
01:16:31,044 --> 01:16:35,048
This is where everyone
can find tremendous satisfaction
1177
01:16:35,716 --> 01:16:37,884
and the meaning of our lives.
1178
01:16:41,305 --> 01:16:43,765
[Doniga] We're all in this together.
[chuckles]
1179
01:16:43,849 --> 01:16:48,020
Every action that we take
affects every other action
1180
01:16:48,103 --> 01:16:50,147
like a ripple in the pond.
1181
01:16:52,065 --> 01:16:54,610
So what decision are you gonna make
1182
01:16:54,693 --> 01:16:58,655
that will make a positive impact
on this beautiful planet
1183
01:16:58,739 --> 01:17:02,993
so that our great grandchildren,
seven generations in the future,
1184
01:17:03,076 --> 01:17:06,788
can actually go up
and hug an old growth redwood tree,
1185
01:17:07,831 --> 01:17:10,459
and swim in clean waters,
1186
01:17:11,335 --> 01:17:15,380
and be able to open their mouths
and drink while they're swimming?
1187
01:17:19,551 --> 01:17:22,596
And what is it that we can do today
1188
01:17:22,679 --> 01:17:27,100
so that our children
can flourish in the abundance
1189
01:17:27,184 --> 01:17:29,936
that we've created by our decisions?
1190
01:17:35,192 --> 01:17:38,570
[Archuleta] I will drive 100 miles,
1,000 miles if we have to,
1191
01:17:39,780 --> 01:17:41,740
to save one farm.
1192
01:17:41,823 --> 01:17:43,867
To open one heart and one mind.
1193
01:17:46,078 --> 01:17:47,996
It's that one mind that you change.
1194
01:17:48,080 --> 01:17:51,750
You don't know if it'll affect
another mind, another heart.
1195
01:17:52,459 --> 01:17:54,002
It's what happened to us.
1196
01:17:54,086 --> 01:17:56,963
It changed our hearts,
and it changed our lives.
1197
01:17:59,132 --> 01:18:02,135
[Rodale] No, it's not about religion.
It's not about politics.
1198
01:18:02,219 --> 01:18:04,012
It's about love.
1199
01:18:04,554 --> 01:18:06,515
And if you love something
or you love somebody,
1200
01:18:06,598 --> 01:18:07,724
you want to understand them,
1201
01:18:07,808 --> 01:18:10,060
and you want to, like,
take care of them and protect them
1202
01:18:11,186 --> 01:18:12,354
and keep them safe.
1203
01:18:13,188 --> 01:18:14,981
And that's what we're all here to do.
1204
01:18:16,692 --> 01:18:21,071
Even like the little mycorrhiza fungi,
and the worms, and the bacteria.
1205
01:18:22,197 --> 01:18:24,700
And if we take care of them,
they'll take care of us.
1206
01:18:27,953 --> 01:18:31,289
[Harrelson] From the smallest microbes
to the largest creatures,
1207
01:18:32,165 --> 01:18:35,085
our blue planet pulses with life.
1208
01:18:37,462 --> 01:18:41,508
For millions of years,
it has self-healed and self-balanced.
1209
01:18:44,010 --> 01:18:48,014
But, today,
our species faces its biggest test.
1210
01:18:50,308 --> 01:18:51,727
Our mission is simple.
1211
01:18:52,394 --> 01:18:57,315
We must harness
the regenerative power of Earth, itself.
1212
01:19:01,862 --> 01:19:02,988
I'll make you a deal.
1213
01:19:04,114 --> 01:19:05,115
I won't give up,
1214
01:19:06,950 --> 01:19:08,243
and neither should you.
1215
01:19:08,827 --> 01:19:13,999
[Mraz]
♪ 'Cause even the stars, they burn ♪
1216
01:19:14,082 --> 01:19:19,504
♪ Some even fall to the earth ♪
1217
01:19:19,588 --> 01:19:24,718
♪ We got a lot to learn ♪
1218
01:19:24,801 --> 01:19:27,345
♪ God knows we're worth it ♪
1219
01:19:29,306 --> 01:19:33,560
♪ No, I won't give up ♪
1220
01:19:36,188 --> 01:19:39,524
♪ I don't wanna be
Someone who walks away so easily ♪
1221
01:19:39,608 --> 01:19:43,862
♪ I'm here to stay
and make the difference that I can make ♪
1222
01:19:46,823 --> 01:19:49,826
♪ Our differences, they do a lot
To teach us how to use ♪
1223
01:19:49,910 --> 01:19:54,623
♪ The tools and gifts we got
Yeah, we got a lot at stake ♪
1224
01:19:56,917 --> 01:19:59,795
♪ And in the end, you're still my friend
At least we did intend ♪
1225
01:19:59,878 --> 01:20:02,839
♪ For us to work, we didn't break
We didn't burn ♪
1226
01:20:02,923 --> 01:20:08,011
♪ We had to learn how to bend
Without the world caving in ♪
1227
01:20:08,094 --> 01:20:12,224
♪ I had to learn what I got
And what I'm not ♪
1228
01:20:12,307 --> 01:20:16,937
♪ And who I am ♪
1229
01:20:17,020 --> 01:20:22,067
♪ I won't give up on us ♪
1230
01:20:22,150 --> 01:20:27,155
♪ Even if the skies get rough ♪
1231
01:20:27,239 --> 01:20:32,410
♪ I'm giving you all my love ♪
1232
01:20:32,494 --> 01:20:34,996
♪ I'm still looking up ♪
1233
01:20:35,080 --> 01:20:37,624
♪ I'm still looking up ♪
1234
01:20:37,707 --> 01:20:43,046
-♪ Well, I won't give up ♪
-♪ No, I won't give in ♪
1235
01:20:43,129 --> 01:20:48,468
-♪ God knows, I'm tough enough ♪
-♪ I am tough, I am loved ♪
1236
01:20:48,552 --> 01:20:53,682
-♪ We got a lot to learn ♪
-♪ We're alive, we are loved ♪
1237
01:20:53,765 --> 01:20:58,645
-♪ God knows, we're worth it ♪
-♪ And we're worth it ♪
1238
01:20:58,728 --> 01:21:03,775
♪ I won't give up on us ♪
1239
01:21:03,859 --> 01:21:08,947
♪ Even if the skies get rough ♪
1240
01:21:09,030 --> 01:21:14,160
♪ I'm givin' you all my love ♪
1241
01:21:14,244 --> 01:21:17,539
♪ I'm still lookin' up ♪
1242
01:21:19,416 --> 01:21:21,001
What is carbon dioxide?
1243
01:21:21,084 --> 01:21:24,421
It's, um… Comes from… Um…
1244
01:21:24,504 --> 01:21:26,965
That's a trick question for me.
You caught me off guard on that.
1245
01:21:27,048 --> 01:21:31,428
I guess that would be carbon
and two atoms-- two molecules of dio--
1246
01:21:31,511 --> 01:21:33,179
of whatever.
1247
01:21:33,263 --> 01:21:34,347
[mumbling]
1248
01:21:34,431 --> 01:21:36,016
Something bad?
1249
01:21:36,099 --> 01:21:39,185
It's poison that you're breathing.
And it will destroy you.
1250
01:21:41,104 --> 01:21:43,189
What are things
that you're doing in your life
1251
01:21:43,273 --> 01:21:46,234
to make an impact around climate change?
1252
01:21:46,318 --> 01:21:47,319
-Um…
-Um…
1253
01:21:47,402 --> 01:21:48,320
-Um…
-Uh…
1254
01:21:48,403 --> 01:21:49,863
-Uh…
-Hmm…
1255
01:21:49,946 --> 01:21:52,157
I mean, I like to, you know,
do my part when I can,
1256
01:21:52,240 --> 01:21:53,241
like, with my metal straw.
1257
01:21:53,325 --> 01:21:55,410
-Going to the paper straws.
-No plastic straws.
1258
01:21:55,493 --> 01:21:56,953
Paper straws versus plastic.
1259
01:21:57,037 --> 01:21:58,330
Recycled straws.
1260
01:21:58,413 --> 01:22:00,582
Every time I come here, I feel energized.
1261
01:22:01,166 --> 01:22:04,044
[Harrelson] If recycling and paper straws
are our only hope,
1262
01:22:04,794 --> 01:22:06,588
then we are in really big trouble.
1263
01:22:08,214 --> 01:22:12,344
We can absolutely reverse climate change
1264
01:22:12,427 --> 01:22:14,012
by making things better,
1265
01:22:14,095 --> 01:22:16,181
not just fixing what was bad.
1266
01:22:16,264 --> 01:22:17,933
Could you imagine that?
So, we're not just--
1267
01:22:18,016 --> 01:22:21,227
we're not-- no longer degenerating,
we are regenerating.
1268
01:22:22,103 --> 01:22:24,898
[man 10]
That sound awesome. I want regeneration.
1269
01:22:24,981 --> 01:22:29,110
[Mraz] ♪ Father to my mother
Who died when I was 12 ♪
1270
01:22:29,194 --> 01:22:31,696
♪ Who didn't leave a fortune ♪
1271
01:22:31,780 --> 01:22:34,407
♪ But a different kind of wealth ♪
1272
01:22:34,491 --> 01:22:36,826
♪ A tree for me to climb in ♪
1273
01:22:36,910 --> 01:22:39,537
♪ With fruit under its leaves ♪
1274
01:22:39,621 --> 01:22:44,292
♪ Which season after season
Became quite a legacy ♪
1275
01:22:45,043 --> 01:22:49,839
♪ More than just a farmer
He was a brilliant engineer ♪
1276
01:22:49,923 --> 01:22:55,095
♪ Whose footsteps took him farther
As they fertilized the fields ♪
1277
01:22:55,178 --> 01:23:00,350
♪ In oil and ancient stock
He placed new varieties ♪
1278
01:23:00,433 --> 01:23:02,811
♪ A believer in the future ♪
1279
01:23:02,894 --> 01:23:05,939
♪ He was a man who planted trees ♪
1280
01:23:06,022 --> 01:23:12,904
♪ Go lay your roots down, son ♪
1281
01:23:12,988 --> 01:23:18,118
♪ Let your love shine on every word ♪
1282
01:23:18,201 --> 01:23:23,456
♪ Lay your roots down here ♪
1283
01:23:23,540 --> 01:23:27,043
♪ There's a thousand ways to feel ♪
1284
01:23:29,087 --> 01:23:32,382
♪ He taught me how to kiss the ground ♪
1285
01:23:34,009 --> 01:23:37,721
♪ And be grateful with my words aloud ♪
1286
01:23:39,848 --> 01:23:43,226
♪ Even the air is different now ♪
1287
01:23:43,309 --> 01:23:49,566
♪ And I'm gonna make him proud ♪
1288
01:23:49,649 --> 01:23:52,152
♪ Singin' go ♪
1289
01:23:52,235 --> 01:23:57,365
♪ Lay your roots down, son ♪
1290
01:23:57,449 --> 01:24:02,495
♪ Let your love shine on every word ♪
1291
01:24:02,579 --> 01:24:07,876
♪ Lay your roots down here ♪
1292
01:24:07,959 --> 01:24:11,337
♪ There's a thousand ways to near ♪
1293
01:24:11,421 --> 01:24:15,425
♪ Kiss the ground, kiss the ground
Kiss the ground ♪
1294
01:24:16,634 --> 01:24:20,513
♪ Kiss the ground, kiss the ground
Kiss the ground ♪
1295
01:24:21,931 --> 01:24:25,852
♪ Kiss the ground, kiss the ground
Kiss the ground ♪
1296
01:24:27,062 --> 01:24:30,732
♪ Kiss the ground, kiss the ground
Kiss the ground ♪