WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:07.000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08.000 --> 00:00:13.000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:14.773 --> 00:00:19.398 -Queen Elizabeth II is Britain'slongest-reigning monarch. 4 00:00:22.815 --> 00:00:24.507 75 years ago, 5 00:00:24.541 --> 00:00:27.682 she stood on this same balcony at Buckingham Palace, 6 00:00:27.717 --> 00:00:30.720 celebrating the end of the Second World War. 7 00:00:33.861 --> 00:00:37.037 This shy princess had been transformed 8 00:00:37.071 --> 00:00:41.696 by the demands of six years of war... 9 00:00:41.731 --> 00:00:45.286 a war that had seen her own home bombed 10 00:00:45.321 --> 00:00:48.082 and her parents nearly killed, 11 00:00:48.117 --> 00:00:51.672 a war that saw this quiet child find the courage 12 00:00:51.706 --> 00:00:56.573 to broadcast to evacuees in the United States and Canada... 13 00:00:56.608 --> 00:01:01.130 -Remember, it will be for us, the children of today, 14 00:01:01.164 --> 00:01:05.444 to make the world of tomorrow a better and happier place. 15 00:01:05.479 --> 00:01:06.997 -We thought they were in the wireless. 16 00:01:07.032 --> 00:01:11.105 I remember my sister and I sort of looking behind the wireless, 17 00:01:11.140 --> 00:01:13.314 wondering where they were. 18 00:01:13.349 --> 00:01:16.352 -...a war that saw her famous sense of duty 19 00:01:16.386 --> 00:01:20.321 emerging with new ceremonial roles... 20 00:01:20.356 --> 00:01:23.255 appear in pantomimes for the war effort... 21 00:01:23.290 --> 00:01:25.637 and support royal charities. 22 00:01:25.671 --> 00:01:29.227 -It gives me great pleasure to come here today 23 00:01:29.261 --> 00:01:31.919 to open the Aberdeen Sailors Home. 24 00:01:34.059 --> 00:01:35.716 -...and saw her threatened 25 00:01:35.750 --> 00:01:40.100 by one of the war's most terrifying weapons. 26 00:01:40.134 --> 00:01:42.550 -The girls threw themselves on the ground. 27 00:01:42.585 --> 00:01:45.381 The thought the worst was going to happen. 28 00:01:45.415 --> 00:01:47.521 Princess Elizabeth was really starting 29 00:01:47.555 --> 00:01:50.765 to show signs of strain. 30 00:01:50.800 --> 00:01:53.630 -Eager to throw herself into the war effort, 31 00:01:53.665 --> 00:01:55.908 the national crisis turned this young woman 32 00:01:55.943 --> 00:01:59.809 into the leader her country needed. 33 00:01:59.843 --> 00:02:01.880 -War made her. 34 00:02:01.914 --> 00:02:05.297 It made her closer to people, 35 00:02:05.332 --> 00:02:10.578 and it made us closer to her because she's one of us. 36 00:02:10.613 --> 00:02:14.410 -The Second World War transformed a shy princess 37 00:02:14.444 --> 00:02:17.171 into a legendary queen. 38 00:02:32.324 --> 00:02:35.327 -Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor 39 00:02:35.362 --> 00:02:40.781 was born April 21, 1926. 40 00:02:40.815 --> 00:02:42.369 As the daughter of the Duke of York, 41 00:02:42.403 --> 00:02:44.612 who was second in line to the throne, 42 00:02:44.647 --> 00:02:47.615 nobody expected Elizabeth to become queen. 43 00:02:47.650 --> 00:02:50.031 Instead, she would lead a quiet life 44 00:02:50.066 --> 00:02:52.586 away from the glare of publicity. 45 00:02:57.211 --> 00:03:00.732 But everything changed when her uncle, Edward VIII, 46 00:03:00.766 --> 00:03:03.942 renounced the throne in favor of Elizabeth's father, 47 00:03:03.976 --> 00:03:08.049 who became King George VI. 48 00:03:08.084 --> 00:03:13.227 10-year-old Elizabeth was now next in line to the throne. 49 00:03:13.262 --> 00:03:16.782 -Back in 1936, 10-year-olds were still children, 50 00:03:16.817 --> 00:03:20.269 and she was still a child, 51 00:03:20.303 --> 00:03:23.168 because, as she told her sister, Margaret, 52 00:03:23.203 --> 00:03:24.480 "Uncle David's going away, 53 00:03:24.514 --> 00:03:27.448 and Papa is to be king." 54 00:03:27.483 --> 00:03:30.555 And Margaret's response to that was, 55 00:03:30.589 --> 00:03:33.109 "Does that mean you're going to be queen?" 56 00:03:33.143 --> 00:03:38.045 And she said, "Yes, one day." 57 00:03:38.079 --> 00:03:40.772 -But Elizabeth's father, the Duke of York, 58 00:03:40.806 --> 00:03:44.983 was reluctant to take his elder brother's place. 59 00:03:45.017 --> 00:03:47.468 -He was a man who doubted himself. 60 00:03:47.503 --> 00:03:48.504 Could he be king? 61 00:03:48.538 --> 00:03:51.369 He'd never been trained for this. 62 00:03:51.403 --> 00:03:52.956 -The peaceful home life 63 00:03:52.991 --> 00:03:56.063 Elizabeth and her family had enjoyed up until now 64 00:03:56.097 --> 00:03:58.617 was shattered forever. 65 00:03:58.652 --> 00:03:59.860 -She was too young 66 00:03:59.894 --> 00:04:04.036 for her parents to conceal their own distress. 67 00:04:04.071 --> 00:04:06.349 She'd have lived through it at the dining table, 68 00:04:06.384 --> 00:04:08.593 lunch table, with them. 69 00:04:08.627 --> 00:04:11.078 When she heard what was due to happen to her 70 00:04:11.112 --> 00:04:12.459 as heir to the throne, 71 00:04:12.493 --> 00:04:16.532 she started desperately praying for a baby brother, 72 00:04:16.566 --> 00:04:18.568 who would have got, in those days -- 73 00:04:18.603 --> 00:04:21.399 have jumped ahead of her in succession. 74 00:04:21.433 --> 00:04:22.745 A nice little baby boy 75 00:04:22.779 --> 00:04:25.679 would have taken the load off her shoulders beautifully. 76 00:04:30.511 --> 00:04:36.206 -On May 12, 1937, George VI was crowned king. 77 00:04:40.659 --> 00:04:46.527 Elizabeth later wrote a detailed account of the day. 78 00:04:46.562 --> 00:04:49.841 -She talks about Mummy and Daddybeing consumed 79 00:04:49.875 --> 00:04:53.120 in a haze of wonder, 80 00:04:53.154 --> 00:04:59.402 and that clearly expressed how she herself was moved deeply, 81 00:04:59.437 --> 00:05:04.165 spiritually, by this -- this --this mission that now lay ahead. 82 00:05:07.928 --> 00:05:10.620 -Princess Elizabeth came to terms with the fact 83 00:05:10.655 --> 00:05:13.554 she would one day follow her father and mother 84 00:05:13.589 --> 00:05:16.971 into that haze of wonder. 85 00:05:17.006 --> 00:05:18.214 Her parents were determined 86 00:05:18.248 --> 00:05:22.805 she and her sister enjoy their childhood. 87 00:05:22.839 --> 00:05:25.601 But suddenly everything changed. 88 00:05:28.120 --> 00:05:30.640 -The Royal Family were on their Scottish holiday, 89 00:05:30.675 --> 00:05:31.952 as usual, 90 00:05:31.986 --> 00:05:35.956 at the beginning of September 1939 when war broke out. 91 00:05:35.990 --> 00:05:40.788 And the king and the queen went straight down to London 92 00:05:40.823 --> 00:05:43.757 to see the prime minister. 93 00:05:43.791 --> 00:05:47.381 The girls stayed up in Scotland. 94 00:05:52.628 --> 00:05:56.701 -For the second time in the lives of most of us, 95 00:05:56.735 --> 00:05:58.910 we are... 96 00:05:58.944 --> 00:06:01.809 at war. 97 00:06:01.844 --> 00:06:05.606 There may be dark days ahead, 98 00:06:05.641 --> 00:06:11.612 and war can no longer be confined to the battlefield. 99 00:06:14.339 --> 00:06:17.169 -The towns and cities of Britainwere expected 100 00:06:17.204 --> 00:06:21.484 to bear the brunt of death and destruction. 101 00:06:21.519 --> 00:06:24.314 Within the first three days of the war, 102 00:06:24.349 --> 00:06:27.387 1 1/2 million children, pregnant women, 103 00:06:27.421 --> 00:06:31.218 and the infirm were evacuated to the countryside. 104 00:06:33.289 --> 00:06:35.084 While the princesses were getting used 105 00:06:35.118 --> 00:06:37.535 to being separated from their parents, 106 00:06:37.569 --> 00:06:40.572 other children were preparing to leave theirs. 107 00:06:43.403 --> 00:06:45.266 -Many of the children thought they were going on holiday. 108 00:06:45.301 --> 00:06:47.924 One or two children had a bucket and spade. 109 00:06:47.959 --> 00:06:50.617 They took that away from them, but we had to just carry 110 00:06:50.651 --> 00:06:53.516 one change of clothes, and that's all. 111 00:06:58.072 --> 00:07:01.421 -Aware of the suffering evacuation was causing, 112 00:07:01.455 --> 00:07:06.115 Elizabeth's mother shared her own feelings about it. 113 00:07:06.149 --> 00:07:10.671 -Many of you have had to see your family life broken up, 114 00:07:10.706 --> 00:07:15.504 your children evacuated to places of greater safety. 115 00:07:15.538 --> 00:07:16.988 The king and I know 116 00:07:17.022 --> 00:07:21.199 what it means to be parted from our children, 117 00:07:21.233 --> 00:07:24.513 and we can sympathize with those of you 118 00:07:24.547 --> 00:07:27.619 who have bravely consented to this separation 119 00:07:27.654 --> 00:07:29.483 for the sake of your little ones. 120 00:07:32.210 --> 00:07:35.351 -Looked after by their governess, Marion Crawford, 121 00:07:35.385 --> 00:07:37.387 Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret 122 00:07:37.422 --> 00:07:39.493 were moved from Balmoral Castle 123 00:07:39.528 --> 00:07:44.015 to the less obvious target of Birkhall nearby. 124 00:07:44.049 --> 00:07:45.361 They were about to experience 125 00:07:45.395 --> 00:07:49.607 what life as an evacuee was likefor ordinary children. 126 00:07:49.641 --> 00:07:54.991 -Quite soon, evacuees were beingtaken out of Glasgow 127 00:07:55.026 --> 00:07:58.547 and being set up in houses on the Balmoral Estate 128 00:07:58.581 --> 00:08:01.826 that the king had opened up. 129 00:08:01.860 --> 00:08:03.690 -In the first weeks of the war, 130 00:08:03.724 --> 00:08:08.936 hundreds of Glaswegian evacuees descended on rural Scotland. 131 00:08:08.971 --> 00:08:12.284 As World War II progressed, it would draw people together 132 00:08:12.319 --> 00:08:14.528 from very different backgrounds. 133 00:08:14.563 --> 00:08:18.118 This didn't come naturally to the princess. 134 00:08:18.152 --> 00:08:20.845 -Elizabeth was never quite at ease with some of the children 135 00:08:20.879 --> 00:08:22.812 because I think they were 136 00:08:22.847 --> 00:08:25.539 very, very different from the princesses, 137 00:08:25.574 --> 00:08:28.162 and she was a little bit awkward with them. 138 00:08:31.062 --> 00:08:33.513 -Elizabeth and Margaret each decided 139 00:08:33.547 --> 00:08:37.551 to donate one of their coats to the evacuees. 140 00:08:37.586 --> 00:08:41.486 This simple gesture made the headlines. 141 00:08:41.521 --> 00:08:44.765 Glasgow evacuees Isa Kelly and Betty Murphy 142 00:08:44.800 --> 00:08:48.597 were the lucky recipients of the coats. 143 00:08:48.631 --> 00:08:50.840 -I remember Betty Murphy 144 00:08:50.875 --> 00:08:55.293 just because of the coat, I suppose. 145 00:08:55.327 --> 00:08:57.847 -A year younger than Princess Elizabeth, 146 00:08:57.882 --> 00:09:02.680 local resident Zan Grant got to know some of the evacuees. 147 00:09:02.714 --> 00:09:05.441 -They were from the poorest partof Glasgow, 148 00:09:05.475 --> 00:09:07.581 I would think, near the Clyde. 149 00:09:07.616 --> 00:09:11.654 Yes, and, of course, their picture was in the paper. 150 00:09:11.689 --> 00:09:13.000 Couldn't believe it, you know? 151 00:09:13.035 --> 00:09:16.072 It was really something special at the time. 152 00:09:19.282 --> 00:09:22.976 -While the princess was getting to know her future subjects, 153 00:09:23.010 --> 00:09:27.083 the predicted bombing didn't happen. 154 00:09:27.118 --> 00:09:32.641 By early 1940, many evacuees had returned to the cities. 155 00:09:32.675 --> 00:09:34.919 Princess Elizabeth and her sister 156 00:09:34.953 --> 00:09:37.784 also secretly returned to England 157 00:09:37.818 --> 00:09:40.234 to be closer to their parents. 158 00:09:40.269 --> 00:09:43.548 They caught up on the first major event of the war 159 00:09:43.583 --> 00:09:46.586 by watching newsreels in a private screening room. 160 00:09:53.420 --> 00:09:55.525 -The evacuation of the BEF from Flanders 161 00:09:55.560 --> 00:09:57.389 has been virtually completed. 162 00:09:57.424 --> 00:09:59.115 Once again, Hitler had underrated 163 00:09:59.150 --> 00:10:00.979 the power of the Royal Navy. 164 00:10:03.188 --> 00:10:06.536 -The German invasion's progress through Western Europe 165 00:10:06.571 --> 00:10:11.403 led to the Dunkirk evacuation of Allied Forces. 166 00:10:11.438 --> 00:10:12.991 In just six weeks, 167 00:10:13.026 --> 00:10:17.375 Hitler captured Paris on June 14th. 168 00:10:17.409 --> 00:10:20.654 The German army was now at the English Channel. 169 00:10:31.596 --> 00:10:34.564 Holkham Hall, near Sandringham in Norfolk, 170 00:10:34.599 --> 00:10:38.810 lived under the threat of Nazi invasion by sea. 171 00:10:38.845 --> 00:10:42.676 It was the family home of Ladies Anne and Carey Coke, 172 00:10:42.711 --> 00:10:46.266 friends of Princess Elizabeth and her sister, Margaret. 173 00:10:46.300 --> 00:10:47.301 -When we were very young, 174 00:10:47.336 --> 00:10:48.855 when the princesses were very young, 175 00:10:48.889 --> 00:10:51.685 I was young, we used to go on the beach, 176 00:10:51.720 --> 00:10:56.103 you know, which was lovely, andswim and dig, make sand castles. 177 00:10:56.138 --> 00:10:59.451 Princess Elizabeth then was more serious 178 00:10:59.486 --> 00:11:02.316 and did say, "Margaret, what are you doing?" 179 00:11:02.351 --> 00:11:04.698 or "Anne, you shouldn't do that." 180 00:11:04.733 --> 00:11:08.012 I mean, we definitely thought Hitler was going to land. 181 00:11:08.046 --> 00:11:10.255 So my sister and I had this wonderful plan 182 00:11:10.290 --> 00:11:12.464 that we were actually gonna kill Hitler, 183 00:11:12.499 --> 00:11:15.640 and we had what we called Hitler's mess, 184 00:11:15.675 --> 00:11:19.333 which was a jam jar that we kept under our bed. 185 00:11:19.368 --> 00:11:21.991 Anything really disgusting we'd put in there. 186 00:11:24.580 --> 00:11:26.099 And we had it all planned. 187 00:11:26.133 --> 00:11:28.860 We used to practice with our Teddy bear being Hitler. 188 00:11:28.895 --> 00:11:32.726 And we'd say, "Ooh, Mr. Hitler, how lovely to see you. 189 00:11:32.761 --> 00:11:35.729 We've got a delicious drink that we've got for you." 190 00:11:35.764 --> 00:11:38.076 We never thought beyond actually killing him. 191 00:11:38.111 --> 00:11:41.010 I mean, we just thought we would succeed. 192 00:11:41.045 --> 00:11:43.426 Luckily, we didn't have to put it into practice. 193 00:11:47.741 --> 00:11:50.295 -With their famous houses and palaces, 194 00:11:50.330 --> 00:11:55.300 the Royal Family were vulnerabletargets for Nazi assassins. 195 00:11:55.335 --> 00:11:57.578 Fear of invasion was growing. 196 00:11:57.613 --> 00:12:00.340 The government repeatedly advised the Royal Family 197 00:12:00.374 --> 00:12:03.308 to move their children abroad. 198 00:12:03.343 --> 00:12:04.482 -They were not sent to Canada, 199 00:12:04.516 --> 00:12:06.760 like a lot of girls of their age, 200 00:12:06.795 --> 00:12:08.797 on the grounds that, as is well known, 201 00:12:08.831 --> 00:12:10.764 the Queen Mother said, "They won't leave without me, 202 00:12:10.799 --> 00:12:13.180 and I won't leave without theking, and the king won't leave." 203 00:12:13.215 --> 00:12:14.423 And, you know, you can understand it, 204 00:12:14.457 --> 00:12:16.770 that if the king and queen are still in London, 205 00:12:16.805 --> 00:12:20.325 things aren't too bad. 206 00:12:20.360 --> 00:12:22.431 -The precise location of the Royal Family 207 00:12:22.465 --> 00:12:27.539 was a matter of great national secrecy and security. 208 00:12:27.574 --> 00:12:30.715 -So, the newsreels told everybody at the time 209 00:12:30.750 --> 00:12:34.063 the princesses were somewhere in the country. 210 00:12:38.033 --> 00:12:43.141 Now of course we know it was Windsor Castle. 211 00:12:43.176 --> 00:12:47.456 -They knew that they wereprobably fairly safe at Windsor, 212 00:12:47.490 --> 00:12:51.909 but they did have a safe house, as well, further north, 213 00:12:51.943 --> 00:12:53.945 and it was kept there the whole of the war. 214 00:12:53.980 --> 00:12:55.775 So if there was an invasion, 215 00:12:55.809 --> 00:12:59.054 and everybody thought that therewas going to be an invasion, 216 00:12:59.088 --> 00:13:01.470 the princesses and the queen 217 00:13:01.504 --> 00:13:03.644 could immediately be sent up north. 218 00:13:03.679 --> 00:13:06.268 They would then take a boat from Liverpool 219 00:13:06.302 --> 00:13:07.856 so that they could get out of the country 220 00:13:07.890 --> 00:13:08.891 if they needed to be. 221 00:13:08.926 --> 00:13:12.792 But, fortunately, that never happened. 222 00:13:12.826 --> 00:13:15.173 -While she was safe in Windsor Castle, 223 00:13:15.208 --> 00:13:18.073 Princess Elizabeth worried about her father and mother, 224 00:13:18.107 --> 00:13:22.422 who remained in Buckingham Palace. 225 00:13:22.456 --> 00:13:24.769 And in the Blitz to come, 226 00:13:24.804 --> 00:13:29.601 they would become the prime target for Hitler's Luftwaffe. 227 00:13:34.399 --> 00:13:39.508 In July 1939, two months before the outbreak of war, 228 00:13:39.542 --> 00:13:43.753 13-year-old Princess Elizabethand the rest of the Royal Family 229 00:13:43.788 --> 00:13:46.998 sailed to Dartmouth in Devon on the royal yacht. 230 00:13:49.518 --> 00:13:50.657 This was a day 231 00:13:50.691 --> 00:13:55.248 that would transform the life of the princess. 232 00:13:55.282 --> 00:13:57.388 The Royal Family were here to pay a visit 233 00:13:57.422 --> 00:13:59.390 to the Royal Naval College, 234 00:13:59.424 --> 00:14:02.772 where Princess Elizabeth's father and grandfather trained 235 00:14:02.807 --> 00:14:06.155 as naval cadets. 236 00:14:06.190 --> 00:14:09.365 Michael Vaughan was a 13-year-old recruit. 237 00:14:09.400 --> 00:14:11.574 He recalls the visit. 238 00:14:11.609 --> 00:14:15.509 -We would keep a keen eye open in case any of the royal party 239 00:14:15.544 --> 00:14:20.238 came anywhere near us, whereupon we would tremble. 240 00:14:22.827 --> 00:14:27.142 It seemed to youngsters like us that he was a good chap 241 00:14:27.176 --> 00:14:30.007 and that his wife was really pleasant 242 00:14:30.041 --> 00:14:33.113 and there might be some prospectin the princesses. 243 00:14:36.945 --> 00:14:38.118 -Dartmouth is where 244 00:14:38.153 --> 00:14:40.914 the country's naval officers are trained. 245 00:14:40.949 --> 00:14:44.918 One in particular stood out from the crowd. 246 00:14:44.953 --> 00:14:50.096 -This tall 18-year-old blond chap appeared 247 00:14:50.130 --> 00:14:53.202 that was Prince Philip of Greece. 248 00:14:53.237 --> 00:14:54.686 -Prince Philip was asked 249 00:14:54.721 --> 00:14:57.586 to entertain the king and queen's daughters. 250 00:14:57.620 --> 00:15:01.970 -Philip suggested that they go and jump over the tennis nets 251 00:15:02.004 --> 00:15:04.489 on the tennis courts. 252 00:15:04.524 --> 00:15:07.872 -The princesses' governess, Marion Crawford, 253 00:15:07.907 --> 00:15:10.185 kept a sharp eye on the girls. 254 00:15:10.219 --> 00:15:12.877 -Princess Elizabeth said, "Oh, Crawfie, 255 00:15:12.912 --> 00:15:18.538 look at how high he jumps," whenhe jumped over the tennis net. 256 00:15:18.572 --> 00:15:21.437 -Once he'd proved his athletic skills, 257 00:15:21.472 --> 00:15:24.199 Prince Philip suggested a game of croquet. 258 00:15:27.685 --> 00:15:30.377 Shortly afterwards, a journalist captured 259 00:15:30.412 --> 00:15:33.553 a photograph of them together, alone. 260 00:15:36.521 --> 00:15:40.870 The following day, the royal party rejoined the royal yacht, 261 00:15:40.905 --> 00:15:44.253 but their departure didn't go unnoticed. 262 00:15:44.288 --> 00:15:46.531 -A lot of the cadets rowed afterwards 263 00:15:46.566 --> 00:15:49.810 in a sort of show of thanks 264 00:15:49.845 --> 00:15:52.503 to say goodbye to the royal party. 265 00:15:52.537 --> 00:15:54.160 -Just as they were sort of pulling right away 266 00:15:54.194 --> 00:15:57.266 and all the boats were going back to the harbor, 267 00:15:57.301 --> 00:16:02.271 the king happened to notice one boy really rowing away. 268 00:16:02.306 --> 00:16:04.825 -And the king was looking through his binoculars. 269 00:16:04.860 --> 00:16:06.586 "Who's that bloody fool still rowing? 270 00:16:06.620 --> 00:16:08.174 Go back." 271 00:16:08.208 --> 00:16:10.003 And it was Philip, of course, 272 00:16:10.038 --> 00:16:14.352 and I think the princess has never forgot that. 273 00:16:14.387 --> 00:16:18.943 -If you were wondering whether romance was blossoming, 274 00:16:18.978 --> 00:16:22.015 I would say that almost everybody believed 275 00:16:22.050 --> 00:16:24.949 that that was happening. 276 00:16:24.984 --> 00:16:30.644 -Elizabeth herself just 13 then,and at this very moment, 277 00:16:30.679 --> 00:16:33.785 she meets the man, um, 278 00:16:33.820 --> 00:16:37.927 with whom she fell in love that day. 279 00:16:39.964 --> 00:16:42.518 -Rising up the ranks to first lieutenant, 280 00:16:42.553 --> 00:16:46.246 Philip would patrol the perilouswaters of the Mediterranean 281 00:16:46.281 --> 00:16:49.491 and the Indian Ocean. 282 00:16:49.525 --> 00:16:54.082 Princess Elizabeth kept up aregular correspondence with him. 283 00:16:54.116 --> 00:16:56.463 -Whatever it meant to her personally, 284 00:16:56.498 --> 00:16:59.984 it gave her this same sense of identity 285 00:17:00.019 --> 00:17:04.782 with so many British women during the war. 286 00:17:04.816 --> 00:17:08.958 Their man -- husband, fiancé, boyfriend -- 287 00:17:08.993 --> 00:17:13.860 was away risking his life, which Philip did. 288 00:17:13.894 --> 00:17:17.208 -For the next five years, the princess kept a photo 289 00:17:17.243 --> 00:17:20.867 of a bearded Prince Philip on her mantelpiece. 290 00:17:20.901 --> 00:17:23.870 "There you are, Crawfie," she said to her nanny. 291 00:17:23.904 --> 00:17:27.322 "I defy anyone to recognize who that is." 292 00:17:31.257 --> 00:17:33.397 A year into the Second World War, 293 00:17:33.431 --> 00:17:37.539 life in Britain appeared to carry on as normal. 294 00:17:37.573 --> 00:17:41.370 It became known as "the phony war." 295 00:17:41.405 --> 00:17:45.892 But it came to an end on September 7, 1940. 296 00:17:55.867 --> 00:18:00.113 The Blitz began with heavy raids on London. 297 00:18:00.148 --> 00:18:03.185 Mass air attacks on numerous towns, cities, 298 00:18:03.220 --> 00:18:07.603 and industrial targets followed over the next eight months. 299 00:18:11.745 --> 00:18:15.784 Between September 1940 and May 1941, 300 00:18:15.818 --> 00:18:20.651 more than 40,000 people died, almost half of them in London. 301 00:18:24.931 --> 00:18:28.141 -Princess Elizabeth was aware of this, I mean, 302 00:18:28.176 --> 00:18:30.385 'cause they were at Windsor. 303 00:18:30.419 --> 00:18:34.043 But they could hear some of the bombing. 304 00:18:34.078 --> 00:18:36.425 The king felt that she needed to know. 305 00:18:36.460 --> 00:18:40.947 And she would see Pathé News, and she would see newspapers, 306 00:18:40.981 --> 00:18:44.330 although she was protected from the real horrors of it. 307 00:18:46.435 --> 00:18:49.611 -Things move with lightning swiftness in this Nazi war, 308 00:18:49.645 --> 00:18:51.302 but at the moment of recording these pictures, 309 00:18:51.337 --> 00:18:53.477 London is still enduring the nightly bombardment 310 00:18:53.511 --> 00:18:55.444 by Hitler and his gangsters. 311 00:18:55.479 --> 00:18:57.101 The casualties have been heavy, 312 00:18:57.136 --> 00:19:00.449 both in human lives and materials. 313 00:19:00.484 --> 00:19:03.625 -Newsreels helped Princess Elizabeth to get a sense 314 00:19:03.659 --> 00:19:07.146 of what ordinary children were going through. 315 00:19:07.180 --> 00:19:10.010 Ron Batchelor was a schoolboy living in central London 316 00:19:10.045 --> 00:19:12.323 during the worst of the air raids. 317 00:19:12.358 --> 00:19:14.187 -When a building was hit, 318 00:19:14.222 --> 00:19:16.500 as children, we would go and have a look, 319 00:19:16.534 --> 00:19:19.192 and they were bringing people out on stretchers 320 00:19:19.227 --> 00:19:20.780 and covering them up. 321 00:19:20.814 --> 00:19:22.540 A doctor had to certify that they were dead 322 00:19:22.575 --> 00:19:24.680 before they carted them away. 323 00:19:24.715 --> 00:19:27.614 We were watching it just like it was an everyday thing. 324 00:19:27.649 --> 00:19:30.169 At first, I was worried about it. 325 00:19:30.203 --> 00:19:31.963 I'd never seen a dead person. 326 00:19:31.998 --> 00:19:34.380 But you do. You get used to these things. 327 00:19:34.414 --> 00:19:37.106 You get used to bombing. 328 00:19:37.141 --> 00:19:40.765 -The Second World War brought home death and destruction 329 00:19:40.800 --> 00:19:42.905 on a hideous scale 330 00:19:42.940 --> 00:19:45.460 right onto our doorsteps and into our homes 331 00:19:45.494 --> 00:19:48.877 in a way that had never been seen before in this country. 332 00:19:48.911 --> 00:19:51.431 You heard stories of going to work in the morning, 333 00:19:51.466 --> 00:19:55.366 you see limbs lying on the street. 334 00:19:55.401 --> 00:19:59.681 The hideousness of a dead baby or a dead child 335 00:19:59.715 --> 00:20:03.823 lying exploded in a mass of gutson the pavement. 336 00:20:10.381 --> 00:20:13.246 -On September 13, 1940, 337 00:20:13.281 --> 00:20:16.594 German bombers embarked on a secret mission. 338 00:20:19.701 --> 00:20:21.806 -Imagine you're a Luftwaffe pilot. 339 00:20:21.841 --> 00:20:24.395 You're a bomber pilot. 340 00:20:24.430 --> 00:20:28.192 You are now carrying out anotherbombing raid on London itself, 341 00:20:28.227 --> 00:20:32.886 but you've found a key feature in the form of the mall there. 342 00:20:32.921 --> 00:20:34.957 What is at the other end? 343 00:20:34.992 --> 00:20:37.097 One of the most famous, if not themost famous 344 00:20:37.132 --> 00:20:40.929 landmark in London itself -- Buckingham Palace. 345 00:20:40.963 --> 00:20:44.139 That is the target. 346 00:20:44.173 --> 00:20:47.073 -Princess Elizabeth's mother described the drama 347 00:20:47.107 --> 00:20:50.628 of what happened next in a letter to Queen Mary. 348 00:20:50.663 --> 00:20:54.218 -My darling Mama, I hardly know how to begin to tell you 349 00:20:54.253 --> 00:20:57.877 of the horrible attack on Buckingham Palace this morning. 350 00:20:57.911 --> 00:21:00.604 Bertie and I arrived there at about quarter to 11:00, 351 00:21:00.638 --> 00:21:03.158 and he and I went up to our poor windowless rooms 352 00:21:03.192 --> 00:21:06.161 to collect a few odds and ends. 353 00:21:06.195 --> 00:21:07.576 At this moment, 354 00:21:07.611 --> 00:21:11.891 we heard the unmistakable "whir, whir" of a German plane. 355 00:21:11.925 --> 00:21:14.549 We said, "Ah, a German." 356 00:21:14.583 --> 00:21:16.723 And before anything else could be said, 357 00:21:16.758 --> 00:21:20.624 there was the noise of aircraft diving at great speed. 358 00:21:20.658 --> 00:21:23.661 -They saw this bomber coming towards them. 359 00:21:23.696 --> 00:21:25.387 Then they suddenly realized, actually -- 360 00:21:25.422 --> 00:21:26.492 the king suddenly realized -- 361 00:21:26.526 --> 00:21:28.252 "Good heavens, it's coming to us!" 362 00:21:30.530 --> 00:21:34.396 -Imagine the sound of that, when you're sat in your home, 363 00:21:34.431 --> 00:21:36.329 regardless of whether it's Buckingham Palace. 364 00:21:36.364 --> 00:21:40.471 You're sat at your home, and youcan hear the bombs coming down. 365 00:21:40.506 --> 00:21:43.129 -"It all happened so quickly that we only had time 366 00:21:43.163 --> 00:21:47.167 to look foolishly at each other when the scream hurtled past us 367 00:21:47.202 --> 00:21:50.757 and exploded with a tremendous crash in the quadrangle. 368 00:21:56.073 --> 00:21:59.559 -The king and queen were lucky to survive. 369 00:21:59.594 --> 00:22:02.735 But instead of retreating to their daughters in Windsor, 370 00:22:02.769 --> 00:22:07.291 they ventured out to inspect the damage. 371 00:22:07.326 --> 00:22:10.018 -The bombing of Buckingham Palace was a tremendous 372 00:22:10.052 --> 00:22:12.469 personal shock to the Royal Family, 373 00:22:12.503 --> 00:22:16.783 but it legitimized them, also. 374 00:22:16.818 --> 00:22:19.890 The Queen Mother, as you now remember, famously said, 375 00:22:19.924 --> 00:22:22.513 "I'm glad we have been bombed. 376 00:22:22.548 --> 00:22:27.725 I feel we can look the East End in the face." 377 00:22:27.760 --> 00:22:30.452 -Having shared the suffering of the Blitz, 378 00:22:30.487 --> 00:22:35.457 the king and queen met ordinaryLondoners with a new confidence. 379 00:22:35.492 --> 00:22:38.943 As they chatted to people in bomb-damaged areas, 380 00:22:38.978 --> 00:22:40.255 a more informal way 381 00:22:40.289 --> 00:22:44.432 of presenting themselves to the public was emerging. 382 00:22:44.466 --> 00:22:47.780 The newsreel cameras captured their every move. 383 00:22:47.814 --> 00:22:50.645 -They saw the cruel damage inflicted by the Nazis, 384 00:22:50.679 --> 00:22:52.129 and they chatted with many of the people 385 00:22:52.163 --> 00:22:53.441 whose homes have been destroyed 386 00:22:53.475 --> 00:22:55.857 by the savage and indiscriminate raids. 387 00:22:55.891 --> 00:22:57.652 -When we see those pictures 388 00:22:57.686 --> 00:23:00.931 of the king and queen meeting the crowds, 389 00:23:00.965 --> 00:23:05.211 it is the outgoing queen who's always setting the pace, 390 00:23:05.245 --> 00:23:10.492 as it were, and George VI naturally being a step behind. 391 00:23:12.839 --> 00:23:16.291 People came to find that rather appealing and human. 392 00:23:19.777 --> 00:23:21.607 -Keeping the king and queen safe 393 00:23:21.641 --> 00:23:23.643 while traveling around the country 394 00:23:23.678 --> 00:23:27.060 became increasingly challenging. 395 00:23:27.095 --> 00:23:31.133 -Whilst they commuted, really, from Windsor to London 396 00:23:31.168 --> 00:23:34.689 by armored car every day, 397 00:23:34.723 --> 00:23:37.968 they also, during the war years, 398 00:23:38.002 --> 00:23:43.629 undertook no fewer than 300 regional tours 399 00:23:43.663 --> 00:23:48.461 and covered 4,000 miles in the Royal Train 400 00:23:48.496 --> 00:23:52.983 specifically to meet people, to cheer them, to raise morale, 401 00:23:53.017 --> 00:23:55.848 to comfort in whatever way they could. 402 00:23:58.437 --> 00:24:00.991 -One of the people who saw the king and queen 403 00:24:01.025 --> 00:24:03.787 was Ron Batchelor. 404 00:24:03.821 --> 00:24:06.583 -I was standing in the playground, 405 00:24:06.617 --> 00:24:09.689 and somebody said, "Look!" 406 00:24:09.724 --> 00:24:11.898 And he pointed, and we looked up, 407 00:24:11.933 --> 00:24:15.523 and about 50 yards away, I suppose, 408 00:24:15.557 --> 00:24:21.494 we saw the queen and the king in his uniform. 409 00:24:21.529 --> 00:24:23.151 The queen had a fur coat on. 410 00:24:23.185 --> 00:24:25.464 I remember that -- a fur wrap around here -- 411 00:24:25.498 --> 00:24:27.811 but it was a kind of a fur thing. 412 00:24:27.845 --> 00:24:31.021 That -- I remember that quite well. 413 00:24:31.055 --> 00:24:33.782 And I couldn't wait to tell my mum, so I left. 414 00:24:33.817 --> 00:24:35.957 When they disappeared, I went running up to my mum, 415 00:24:35.991 --> 00:24:39.029 and I said to my mother, "Mama," I said, "guess what?" 416 00:24:39.063 --> 00:24:41.238 She said, "What?" I said, "The queen's come." 417 00:24:41.272 --> 00:24:42.584 And she said, "What do you mean?" 418 00:24:42.619 --> 00:24:46.105 I said, "I've seen her walking up the other end." 419 00:24:46.139 --> 00:24:49.177 She said to me, "I hope you had your socks pulled up." 420 00:24:51.559 --> 00:24:53.768 -Everywhere, Their Majestiesfound the spirit of these people 421 00:24:53.802 --> 00:24:56.356 still undaunted, while they, for their part, 422 00:24:56.391 --> 00:24:59.359 sincerely appreciated the king and queen's true sympathy. 423 00:25:01.534 --> 00:25:04.779 -They were a very good double act, 424 00:25:04.813 --> 00:25:06.125 and we know 425 00:25:06.159 --> 00:25:10.716 that Elizabeth studied the newsreels of the time, 426 00:25:10.750 --> 00:25:15.168 and these were projected privately to the Royal Family 427 00:25:15.203 --> 00:25:16.376 in Buckingham Palace and Windsor. 428 00:25:16.411 --> 00:25:17.895 After all, they were participants 429 00:25:17.930 --> 00:25:20.035 and wanted to see themselves. 430 00:25:20.070 --> 00:25:23.487 -Visitors were wholeheartedly welcomed everywhere they went. 431 00:25:23.522 --> 00:25:26.110 -Their appearance in the newsreels revealed 432 00:25:26.145 --> 00:25:28.181 the different characters and backgrounds 433 00:25:28.216 --> 00:25:31.184 of Princess Elizabeth's parents. 434 00:25:31.219 --> 00:25:34.878 -Her mother had had a very different upbringing -- 435 00:25:34.912 --> 00:25:38.744 aristocratic as opposed to royal, a big family, 436 00:25:38.778 --> 00:25:42.575 a big rumbustious family, the Bowes-Lyons, 437 00:25:42.610 --> 00:25:47.891 and very full of warmth and fun. 438 00:25:47.925 --> 00:25:50.549 By contrast, of course, George VI -- 439 00:25:50.583 --> 00:25:53.586 his parents, George V and Queen Mary -- 440 00:25:53.621 --> 00:25:57.314 it wasn't that they weren't loving people, essentially, 441 00:25:57.348 --> 00:26:00.006 but not terribly good at showing it. 442 00:26:03.562 --> 00:26:04.839 -Up until then, they were figures 443 00:26:04.873 --> 00:26:08.428 that you just saw all dressed up at the palace, 444 00:26:08.463 --> 00:26:12.225 having their photograph taken for some royal event. 445 00:26:12.260 --> 00:26:15.194 The popularity of the king and queen 446 00:26:15.228 --> 00:26:18.369 and the Royal Family increased. 447 00:26:18.404 --> 00:26:22.891 They'd become more open and more accessible. 448 00:26:22.926 --> 00:26:25.238 And suddenly my family became Royalists, 449 00:26:25.273 --> 00:26:27.171 and that was common everywhere. 450 00:26:29.208 --> 00:26:32.591 -The Royal Family's appearances in cinema newsreels 451 00:26:32.625 --> 00:26:35.352 increased dramatically during the war. 452 00:26:38.527 --> 00:26:41.323 Princess Elizabeth was the first monarch 453 00:26:41.358 --> 00:26:45.051 to grow up in the perpetual gazeof the media, 454 00:26:45.086 --> 00:26:48.503 and she would soon be making a more demanding contribution 455 00:26:48.537 --> 00:26:50.091 to the war effort. 456 00:26:53.612 --> 00:26:56.304 Before the outbreak of the Second World War, 457 00:26:56.338 --> 00:26:59.721 over 14,000 children from wealthy families 458 00:26:59.756 --> 00:27:03.691 were sent to safetyin the United States and Canada. 459 00:27:03.725 --> 00:27:07.177 -The reason we are in America is because 460 00:27:07.211 --> 00:27:10.559 we have been evacuated from England, 461 00:27:10.594 --> 00:27:12.976 and our mothers did not think it was safe 462 00:27:13.010 --> 00:27:15.150 to go and stay in England. 463 00:27:15.185 --> 00:27:20.846 -I came here because the war broke out, to be safe. 464 00:27:20.880 --> 00:27:23.158 -Two children who weren't dispatched 465 00:27:23.193 --> 00:27:25.229 to safety across the Atlantic 466 00:27:25.264 --> 00:27:29.924 were Princess Elizabeth and her sister. 467 00:27:29.958 --> 00:27:34.376 -My sister and I, being so proudthat they were still in England, 468 00:27:34.411 --> 00:27:38.380 because a lot of our friends hadbeen sent to America and Canada. 469 00:27:40.555 --> 00:27:44.352 -Back home, nearly 8,000 children were killed 470 00:27:44.386 --> 00:27:46.665 in the mass bombings of the Blitz, 471 00:27:46.699 --> 00:27:50.082 and many more were seriously injured. 472 00:27:50.116 --> 00:27:52.774 When the government funded overseas evacuation 473 00:27:52.809 --> 00:27:56.571 for 24,000 children from the inner cities, 474 00:27:56.605 --> 00:27:59.160 sending children abroad was no longer seen 475 00:27:59.194 --> 00:28:01.093 as the preserve of the wealthy. 476 00:28:04.579 --> 00:28:07.375 On September 13, 1940, 477 00:28:07.409 --> 00:28:10.481 90 children boarded a ship like this one 478 00:28:10.516 --> 00:28:13.968 to take them to safety in Canada. 479 00:28:14.002 --> 00:28:18.697 The SS City of Benares was four days into its voyage 480 00:28:18.731 --> 00:28:22.562 when it was spotted by a German U-boat. 481 00:28:33.090 --> 00:28:38.855 It was reported that only 7 of the 90 children survived. 482 00:28:38.889 --> 00:28:41.374 The prime minister, Winston Churchill, 483 00:28:41.409 --> 00:28:47.208 canceled all future plansto ship British children abroad. 484 00:28:47.242 --> 00:28:50.176 -Buckingham Palace realized that these two girls 485 00:28:50.211 --> 00:28:52.696 themselves living somewhere in the country, 486 00:28:52.731 --> 00:28:57.149 having had their own house bombed in London, 487 00:28:57.183 --> 00:29:01.049 created a real identity with children. 488 00:29:04.052 --> 00:29:06.641 -On October 13, 1940, 489 00:29:06.675 --> 00:29:10.403 barely a month after the sinkingof SS City of Benares, 490 00:29:10.438 --> 00:29:13.372 Princess Elizabeth recorded a radio broadcast 491 00:29:13.406 --> 00:29:15.650 for the BBC's "Children's Hour," 492 00:29:15.684 --> 00:29:17.445 transmitted around the world 493 00:29:17.479 --> 00:29:21.863 and heard by evacueesin the United States and Canada. 494 00:29:21.898 --> 00:29:26.972 -My sister, Margaret Rose, and I feel so much for you, 495 00:29:27.006 --> 00:29:30.182 as we know from experience what it means 496 00:29:30.216 --> 00:29:34.393 to be away from those we love most of all. 497 00:29:34.427 --> 00:29:36.705 -For that 14-year-old, 498 00:29:36.740 --> 00:29:40.157 it would have been a demanding thing to have done. 499 00:29:40.192 --> 00:29:45.507 It demonstrated some pretty serious qualities 500 00:29:45.542 --> 00:29:49.063 for a very, very young teenager. 501 00:29:49.097 --> 00:29:52.169 -To you living in new surroundings, 502 00:29:52.204 --> 00:29:55.483 we send a message of true sympathy, 503 00:29:55.517 --> 00:30:00.246 and, at the same time, we would like to thank the kind people 504 00:30:00.281 --> 00:30:04.906 who have welcomed you to their homes in the country. 505 00:30:04.941 --> 00:30:06.459 -And we thought they were in the wireless. 506 00:30:06.494 --> 00:30:10.532 I remember my sister and I sort of looking behind the wireless, 507 00:30:10.567 --> 00:30:11.844 wondering where they were. 508 00:30:11.879 --> 00:30:14.640 -All of us children who are still at home... 509 00:30:14.674 --> 00:30:16.573 -I thought, "Oh, that's Princess Elizabeth 510 00:30:16.607 --> 00:30:17.885 talking to us on the radio." 511 00:30:17.919 --> 00:30:20.335 It was wonderful. Wonderful. 512 00:30:20.370 --> 00:30:21.681 -...think continually 513 00:30:21.716 --> 00:30:24.857 of our friends and relations who have gone -- 514 00:30:24.892 --> 00:30:28.861 -A lot of people commented that she sounds just like her mother 515 00:30:28.896 --> 00:30:31.622 and said what a marvelous, authoritative, 516 00:30:31.657 --> 00:30:34.487 and mellow voice she had. 517 00:30:34.522 --> 00:30:35.695 -The king was delighted 518 00:30:35.730 --> 00:30:39.078 because she sounded very much like his wife. 519 00:30:39.113 --> 00:30:43.842 -Many of you have had to see your family life broken up. 520 00:30:43.876 --> 00:30:47.984 -To you, we send a message of true sympathy. 521 00:30:48.018 --> 00:30:51.642 -She also spoke about how, "when peace comes, 522 00:30:51.677 --> 00:30:54.507 it is for us, the children of this generation, 523 00:30:54.542 --> 00:30:57.579 to ensure that war doesn't happen again," 524 00:30:57.614 --> 00:31:03.654 and that in itself marked her asthe leader for her generation. 525 00:31:03.689 --> 00:31:07.141 -And when peace comes, remember, 526 00:31:07.175 --> 00:31:10.523 it will be for us, the children of today, 527 00:31:10.558 --> 00:31:15.218 to make the world of tomorrow a better and happier place. 528 00:31:15.252 --> 00:31:18.221 -It was a huge success, 'cause, basically, 529 00:31:18.255 --> 00:31:20.775 it was to America and Canada, 530 00:31:20.809 --> 00:31:24.054 and Elizabeth, being the sort of person she was, 531 00:31:24.089 --> 00:31:26.056 added a little amendment at the end 532 00:31:26.091 --> 00:31:29.059 and brought Princess Margaret into it. 533 00:31:29.094 --> 00:31:31.751 -My sister is by my side, 534 00:31:31.786 --> 00:31:34.996 and we are both going to say good night to you. 535 00:31:35.031 --> 00:31:38.689 Come on, Margaret. -Good night, children. 536 00:31:38.724 --> 00:31:41.727 -Good night, and good luck to you all. 537 00:31:43.763 --> 00:31:46.145 -Well, in America, they loved it so much that, 538 00:31:46.180 --> 00:31:49.390 "Ah, come on, Margaret" became a catchphrase. 539 00:31:49.424 --> 00:31:51.047 And it was a huge success, 540 00:31:51.081 --> 00:31:53.601 and it was seen as slightly propaganda 541 00:31:53.635 --> 00:31:55.154 because it was sort of front page 542 00:31:55.189 --> 00:31:56.949 of all the newspapers in America 543 00:31:56.984 --> 00:32:00.953 that the princess had given this amazing broadcast. 544 00:32:05.889 --> 00:32:08.202 -The education of the nation's children 545 00:32:08.236 --> 00:32:11.688 suffered greatly during the war. 546 00:32:11.722 --> 00:32:14.863 But from the age of 13, the king and queen decided 547 00:32:14.898 --> 00:32:17.556 Princess Elizabeth should be properly prepared 548 00:32:17.590 --> 00:32:19.282 for the life ahead of her. 549 00:32:21.905 --> 00:32:24.701 Less than 3 miles from Windsor Castle, 550 00:32:24.735 --> 00:32:29.223 Eton College presented a solution. 551 00:32:29.257 --> 00:32:31.535 Twice a week, Elizabeth's governess, 552 00:32:31.570 --> 00:32:36.368 Marion Crawford, escorted her to the college. 553 00:32:36.402 --> 00:32:38.680 "Piles of books everywhere," 554 00:32:38.715 --> 00:32:41.994 wrote Crawford of the tutor's study. 555 00:32:42.029 --> 00:32:45.342 "Crawfie, do you mean to tell mehe's read them all?" 556 00:32:45.377 --> 00:32:48.587 asked Princess Elizabeth. 557 00:32:48.621 --> 00:32:51.417 But soon she was absorbed in the complexities 558 00:32:51.452 --> 00:32:55.456 of the British Constitution. 559 00:32:55.490 --> 00:32:58.769 -All through the emotional experience 560 00:32:58.804 --> 00:33:01.531 of the dangers and terror of war, 561 00:33:01.565 --> 00:33:05.604 she's also learning thetechnicalities of the difference 562 00:33:05.638 --> 00:33:11.334 between proroguing or dissolving or suspending Parliament, 563 00:33:11.368 --> 00:33:14.061 what the Prime Minister has to come to the Sovereign 564 00:33:14.095 --> 00:33:17.029 to do at those times. 565 00:33:17.064 --> 00:33:21.792 And the relationship between George VI and Churchill 566 00:33:21.827 --> 00:33:24.795 became a paradigm which I think we can say 567 00:33:24.830 --> 00:33:27.453 the queen has followed for the rest of her life 568 00:33:27.488 --> 00:33:34.046 of closeness between premier and monarch. 569 00:33:34.081 --> 00:33:37.946 -The king also gave Princess Elizabeth an introduction 570 00:33:37.981 --> 00:33:41.088 to dealing with the endless stream of government papers 571 00:33:41.122 --> 00:33:44.298 in the famous red dispatch boxes. 572 00:33:44.332 --> 00:33:47.853 Elizabeth's mother had different priorities. 573 00:33:47.887 --> 00:33:49.682 She was more concerned with developing 574 00:33:49.717 --> 00:33:53.997 her daughter's social skills and confidence. 575 00:33:54.032 --> 00:33:57.069 She had the idea of putting on Christmas pantomimes 576 00:33:57.104 --> 00:33:59.278 to raise money for the war effort. 577 00:34:03.662 --> 00:34:07.079 The splendor of the Waterloo Chamber played host 578 00:34:07.114 --> 00:34:08.598 to members of the public 579 00:34:08.632 --> 00:34:11.877 who came to see a range of traditional pantomimes 580 00:34:11.911 --> 00:34:16.192 performed throughout the war years. 581 00:34:16.226 --> 00:34:18.608 While Hitler was fighting a losing battle 582 00:34:18.642 --> 00:34:22.336 with the Soviet Union in December 1943, 583 00:34:22.370 --> 00:34:24.786 a 17-year-old Princess Elizabeth 584 00:34:24.821 --> 00:34:29.619 was preparing to play the role of Aladdin. 585 00:34:29.653 --> 00:34:32.449 -The girls helped to make some of the costumes. 586 00:34:32.484 --> 00:34:34.279 It was very much a hands-on affair, 587 00:34:34.313 --> 00:34:38.248 but, production-wise, it was big and professional. 588 00:34:58.682 --> 00:35:00.857 Some press members were invited in 589 00:35:00.891 --> 00:35:04.930 and spoke very, very highly of it. 590 00:35:04.964 --> 00:35:07.105 -The Daily Mirror printed a feature 591 00:35:07.139 --> 00:35:09.072 with a photograph of the princesses 592 00:35:09.107 --> 00:35:14.008 described as "the stars of the show." 593 00:35:14.042 --> 00:35:16.942 -To see the princesses dressed as Aladdin and something, 594 00:35:16.976 --> 00:35:18.702 you know, it was lovely. 595 00:35:18.737 --> 00:35:22.913 We used to cut them out andpin them up on our bedroom wall. 596 00:35:22.948 --> 00:35:26.296 I mean, for the children of Great Britain, 597 00:35:26.331 --> 00:35:28.609 the princesses were -- 598 00:35:28.643 --> 00:35:32.613 I always wondered whether they knew how much they meant to us. 599 00:35:34.684 --> 00:35:38.343 -What the pantomimes did do for Princess Elizabeth 600 00:35:38.377 --> 00:35:43.969 was to bring her out of this rather shy character 601 00:35:44.003 --> 00:35:50.251 that she was, and the pantomimesbrought her out of her shell. 602 00:35:50.286 --> 00:35:52.357 -During one performance of "Aladdin," 603 00:35:52.391 --> 00:35:54.082 Princess Elizabeth was pleased 604 00:35:54.117 --> 00:35:58.846 to see a certain young naval officer in the audience. 605 00:35:58.880 --> 00:36:01.814 -Princess Elizabeth andPrince Philip have kept in touch 606 00:36:01.849 --> 00:36:03.299 during the war. 607 00:36:03.333 --> 00:36:07.993 It hasn't stopped him having other girlfriends in between. 608 00:36:08.027 --> 00:36:11.099 But things really turn around 609 00:36:11.134 --> 00:36:15.345 when he spends Christmas at Windsor. 610 00:36:15.380 --> 00:36:20.039 -They'd be spotted out walking hand in hand. 611 00:36:20.074 --> 00:36:22.801 The moment they realized somebody was looking at them, 612 00:36:22.835 --> 00:36:24.837 they separated. 613 00:36:24.872 --> 00:36:29.290 But for Elizabeth, there was just this one man in her life. 614 00:36:29.325 --> 00:36:31.982 -There was one reporter who interviewed him 615 00:36:32.017 --> 00:36:33.950 called Olga Franklin. 616 00:36:33.984 --> 00:36:37.333 She wrote that "I get dizzy looking at him. 617 00:36:37.367 --> 00:36:39.335 His beauty is so dazzling. 618 00:36:39.369 --> 00:36:42.476 People don't look like this in real life, surely. 619 00:36:42.510 --> 00:36:45.996 This Prince Philip is stunning, with hair like gold coin, 620 00:36:46.031 --> 00:36:48.999 only paler, a sort of ash gold, 621 00:36:49.034 --> 00:36:53.521 eyes of deep blue, almost violetin the electric light, 622 00:36:53.556 --> 00:36:55.868 tall, fine-featured, 623 00:36:55.903 --> 00:37:00.770 really a shockingly beautiful figure in naval uniform." 624 00:37:00.804 --> 00:37:06.085 So we have women who are just being bowled over by him still. 625 00:37:08.329 --> 00:37:12.057 And yet it isn't them that he goes for. 626 00:37:12.091 --> 00:37:13.645 It's Princess Elizabeth. 627 00:37:15.785 --> 00:37:17.304 -Her mother was not at all keen 628 00:37:17.338 --> 00:37:21.791 and had a list of eligible young men for her, 629 00:37:21.825 --> 00:37:23.551 and as far as they were concerned, 630 00:37:23.586 --> 00:37:26.347 Philip was a penniless prince of Greece. 631 00:37:26.382 --> 00:37:29.108 And although his bloodlines were very royal, 632 00:37:29.143 --> 00:37:33.665 they didn't consider him a very good prospect. 633 00:37:33.699 --> 00:37:35.874 -But she knew from the very beginning 634 00:37:35.908 --> 00:37:40.706 that she had to have a husband who would help her do her job, 635 00:37:40.741 --> 00:37:46.643 And that was one of the many attractive qualities of Philip 636 00:37:46.678 --> 00:37:50.164 in her eyes. 637 00:37:50.198 --> 00:37:54.306 Philip was ideal, so that side of her life was sorted. 638 00:37:58.966 --> 00:38:01.865 -As the Nazis launched a new series of raids 639 00:38:01.900 --> 00:38:05.835 on Britain's historic towns, the king appointed his daughter 640 00:38:05.869 --> 00:38:08.562 Colonel in Chief of the Grenadier Guards 641 00:38:08.596 --> 00:38:10.736 to mark her 16th birthday. 642 00:38:16.328 --> 00:38:18.054 Elizabeth is the only woman 643 00:38:18.088 --> 00:38:20.332 appointed to this ceremonial role 644 00:38:20.367 --> 00:38:24.612 in one of the oldest regiments in the British army. 645 00:38:24.647 --> 00:38:26.718 -She was pretty nervous, 646 00:38:26.752 --> 00:38:28.927 and she had to walk up and down these ranks 647 00:38:28.961 --> 00:38:32.275 of very, very tall guardsmen 648 00:38:32.310 --> 00:38:34.726 and look as though she'd been doing it all her life, 649 00:38:34.760 --> 00:38:36.072 which, of course, she did 650 00:38:36.106 --> 00:38:40.421 because she hadthat very disciplined character. 651 00:38:40.456 --> 00:38:44.322 -Here she is as colonel of the Grenadier Guards. 652 00:38:44.356 --> 00:38:49.223 What a change from 13 to 16, you know, growing -- 653 00:38:49.257 --> 00:38:52.364 still a little shy, but growing in confidence, 654 00:38:52.399 --> 00:38:56.437 and this parade must have done an enormous amount 655 00:38:56.472 --> 00:39:02.409 for her own personal confidence and morale. 656 00:39:02.443 --> 00:39:04.894 -Hooray! -Hooray! 657 00:39:04.928 --> 00:39:06.344 -Hip, hip, hip! 658 00:39:06.378 --> 00:39:07.414 -Hooray! -Hooray! 659 00:39:07.448 --> 00:39:08.656 -Just four months 660 00:39:08.691 --> 00:39:11.866 after her appointment to the Grenadier Guards, 661 00:39:11.901 --> 00:39:15.249 Princess Elizabeth's much-loved uncle Prince George, 662 00:39:15.283 --> 00:39:19.184 Duke of Kent,was killed in a flying accident. 663 00:39:19.218 --> 00:39:22.049 -We mourn the passing of the king's younger brother, 664 00:39:22.083 --> 00:39:24.914 who lost his life on active service. 665 00:39:24.948 --> 00:39:26.916 The duke, who was an airman in his own right, 666 00:39:26.950 --> 00:39:30.368 had undertaken duties concerningthe welfare of RAF personnel 667 00:39:30.402 --> 00:39:33.612 and was on his way to Iceland when the crash occurred. 668 00:39:33.647 --> 00:39:38.548 -He was flying from Scotland to Iceland, 669 00:39:38.583 --> 00:39:43.726 ostensibly to visit RAF bases. 670 00:39:43.760 --> 00:39:45.624 The flying conditions were not perfect. 671 00:39:45.659 --> 00:39:47.315 There was a mist. 672 00:39:47.350 --> 00:39:51.147 And in those poor flying conditions 673 00:39:51.181 --> 00:39:55.807 thundered into a hillside in Caithness. 674 00:39:55.841 --> 00:40:01.053 And all bar the rear gunner, 675 00:40:01.088 --> 00:40:03.711 including, of course, Prince George, were killed. 676 00:40:05.748 --> 00:40:09.648 -This was the first time in more than 450 years 677 00:40:09.683 --> 00:40:13.618 that a member of the Royal Family died on active service. 678 00:40:15.689 --> 00:40:18.795 Prince George was 39 years old. 679 00:40:18.830 --> 00:40:21.936 He left behind his wife, Princess Marina, 680 00:40:21.971 --> 00:40:23.766 and three young children. 681 00:40:26.389 --> 00:40:30.220 -Every family in the war -- practically every family -- 682 00:40:30.255 --> 00:40:32.395 lost somebody. 683 00:40:32.430 --> 00:40:34.811 From that point of view, that wasn't unusual, 684 00:40:34.846 --> 00:40:36.882 but for the Royal Family, 685 00:40:36.917 --> 00:40:42.094 the loss of George of Kent was just hugely devastating. 686 00:40:46.374 --> 00:40:50.068 -Loss is personal, 687 00:40:50.102 --> 00:40:54.417 and I don't think there is any one way of dealing with it. 688 00:40:54.452 --> 00:40:56.730 Whether -- 689 00:40:56.764 --> 00:41:01.389 There was a different attitude 50, 60, 70 years ago, 690 00:41:01.424 --> 00:41:06.602 and during the war, there was a different kind of stoicism. 691 00:41:06.636 --> 00:41:10.157 I'm sure that would have appliedto the Royal Family themselves. 692 00:41:10.191 --> 00:41:13.574 I think it underlies so much 693 00:41:13.609 --> 00:41:16.404 of what one encounters with the queen today, 694 00:41:16.439 --> 00:41:21.202 with her sense of duty and her sense of stoicism. 695 00:41:25.137 --> 00:41:28.416 -As she grew older, Princess Elizabeth was expected 696 00:41:28.451 --> 00:41:31.385 to take on more and more public duties... 697 00:41:33.801 --> 00:41:36.528 ...from launching ships... 698 00:41:36.563 --> 00:41:38.565 to visiting hospitals... 699 00:41:42.016 --> 00:41:44.502 ...and making speech... 700 00:41:44.536 --> 00:41:47.953 -I shall like first to thank you all very much. 701 00:41:47.988 --> 00:41:48.989 -...after speech. 702 00:41:49.023 --> 00:41:50.369 -I have now much pleasure 703 00:41:50.404 --> 00:41:54.926 in declaring the Aberdeen Sailors Home open. 704 00:41:54.960 --> 00:41:59.309 -And now happily chatting to one line of troops... 705 00:41:59.344 --> 00:42:01.553 after another line of troops. 706 00:42:05.143 --> 00:42:07.870 Princess Elizabeth was growing up. 707 00:42:07.904 --> 00:42:10.562 Very soon, she'd be defending the nation 708 00:42:10.597 --> 00:42:12.599 by serving in the military. 709 00:42:18.121 --> 00:42:22.367 June 1944, Windsor Castle, 710 00:42:22.401 --> 00:42:24.611 and the newsreels were about to reveal 711 00:42:24.645 --> 00:42:26.578 one of the most decisive chapters 712 00:42:26.613 --> 00:42:28.476 of the Second World War. 713 00:42:32.895 --> 00:42:36.795 D-Day saw the largest seaborne invasion in history. 714 00:42:36.830 --> 00:42:38.659 The Allied Army was on its way 715 00:42:38.694 --> 00:42:41.973 to liberate German-occupied France. 716 00:42:59.680 --> 00:43:02.269 Seven days after the Normandy landings, 717 00:43:02.303 --> 00:43:04.374 a strange and terrifying sound 718 00:43:04.409 --> 00:43:07.446 was heard tearing across the London sky. 719 00:43:09.759 --> 00:43:12.072 Then the noise stopped. 720 00:43:20.632 --> 00:43:23.531 This was the first rocket-powered missile, 721 00:43:23.566 --> 00:43:25.603 known as the V-1. 722 00:43:25.637 --> 00:43:28.640 The "V" was for "vengeance." 723 00:43:32.506 --> 00:43:36.130 A second V-1 landed yards from Buckingham Palace 724 00:43:36.165 --> 00:43:39.099 and in the middle of a church service. 725 00:43:39.133 --> 00:43:42.550 -A bomb was dropped on the Guards Chapel, 726 00:43:42.585 --> 00:43:45.623 and there were many servicemen and -women killed 727 00:43:45.657 --> 00:43:47.590 and some civilians, too, 728 00:43:47.625 --> 00:43:50.386 including some friends of the Royal Family. 729 00:43:50.420 --> 00:43:55.149 The Royal Family was simply not immune at all. 730 00:43:55.184 --> 00:43:58.118 -With the V-1, London had been plunged 731 00:43:58.152 --> 00:44:00.914 back into the dark days of the Blitz. 732 00:44:00.948 --> 00:44:03.054 1 million people fled the capital 733 00:44:03.088 --> 00:44:05.194 over the next few months. 734 00:44:08.507 --> 00:44:11.614 10 days after the Guards Chapel bomb, 735 00:44:11.649 --> 00:44:16.170 Princess Elizabeth's motherrevealed her worst fears to her. 736 00:44:16.205 --> 00:44:18.690 -"My darling Lilibet, this is just a note 737 00:44:18.725 --> 00:44:23.315 about one or two things in case I get done in by the Germans. 738 00:44:23.350 --> 00:44:25.593 I think that I've left all my things to be divided 739 00:44:25.628 --> 00:44:27.112 between you and Margaret, 740 00:44:27.147 --> 00:44:30.702 but I am sure you will give her anything suitable later on, 741 00:44:30.737 --> 00:44:33.015 such as Mrs. Greville's pearls, 742 00:44:33.049 --> 00:44:34.982 as you will have the crown ones." 743 00:44:37.329 --> 00:44:40.678 -While Princess Elizabeth's mother feared for her life, 744 00:44:40.712 --> 00:44:44.233 she also worried about the safety of her daughters, 745 00:44:44.267 --> 00:44:46.338 who were still in the care of their governess, 746 00:44:46.373 --> 00:44:48.824 Marion Crawford. 747 00:44:48.858 --> 00:44:53.069 -The princesses were in WindsorGreat Park with the Girl Guides, 748 00:44:53.104 --> 00:44:55.623 and Crawfie was with them. 749 00:44:55.658 --> 00:45:00.421 They suddenly looked up, and there was a V-1 in the air, 750 00:45:00.456 --> 00:45:04.702 and she says it was just like being chased by a robot. 751 00:45:04.736 --> 00:45:07.152 The girls threw themselves on the ground, 752 00:45:07.187 --> 00:45:10.086 and they thought the worst was going to happen. 753 00:45:10.121 --> 00:45:12.710 But, fortunately, the bomb passed overhead 754 00:45:12.744 --> 00:45:17.162 and crashed at Windsor Racecourse, a few miles away. 755 00:45:19.717 --> 00:45:21.615 Crawfie said the girls were really starting 756 00:45:21.649 --> 00:45:25.792 to show signs of strain. 757 00:45:25.826 --> 00:45:29.692 -Nearly 10,000 V-1s were fired on Southeast England 758 00:45:29.727 --> 00:45:32.315 during the summer of 1944, 759 00:45:32.350 --> 00:45:35.353 causing terror and terrible damage. 760 00:45:40.013 --> 00:45:43.257 Now 18, Princess Elizabeth was eager 761 00:45:43.292 --> 00:45:45.846 to take a more active role in the war. 762 00:45:45.881 --> 00:45:49.022 She joined the women's branch of the British army -- 763 00:45:49.056 --> 00:45:53.543 the Auxiliary Territorial Service, or ATS. 764 00:46:01.379 --> 00:46:05.901 Many of the women took on tasks such as operating radar, 765 00:46:05.935 --> 00:46:08.144 assisting military police, 766 00:46:08.179 --> 00:46:11.803 and crewing anti-aircraft guns. 767 00:46:11.838 --> 00:46:15.565 The service wasn't without its risks to the princess. 768 00:46:15.600 --> 00:46:20.398 It suffered 700 casualties in wartime. 769 00:46:20.432 --> 00:46:24.712 -Her father was not at all keen,and he was nervous of really 770 00:46:24.747 --> 00:46:27.301 letting her go anywhere other than Windsor Castle. 771 00:46:27.336 --> 00:46:32.928 So he said, eventually, "You canjoin up and do the course 772 00:46:32.962 --> 00:46:34.826 and learn whatever it is you want to do, 773 00:46:34.861 --> 00:46:36.828 but you've got to come home at night." 774 00:46:42.178 --> 00:46:44.905 -At an MT training center, Princess Elizabeth, 775 00:46:44.940 --> 00:46:46.838 now a second subaltern in the ATS, 776 00:46:46.873 --> 00:46:49.599 has been on a three-weeks course of instruction. 777 00:46:49.634 --> 00:46:53.845 The princess is at the wheel of a 1,500-weight truck in convoy. 778 00:46:53.880 --> 00:46:55.985 Although she drives it with apparent composure, 779 00:46:56.020 --> 00:46:57.538 she had no experience of driving 780 00:46:57.573 --> 00:46:59.333 before she commenced her training. 781 00:46:59.368 --> 00:47:01.888 -She joined the Transport Division, 782 00:47:01.922 --> 00:47:04.649 taking a mechanics' course. 783 00:47:04.683 --> 00:47:06.720 And the queen was known to have said, 784 00:47:06.754 --> 00:47:09.343 "We had spark plugs all the way through dinner." 785 00:47:09.378 --> 00:47:11.276 So it really mattered to her. 786 00:47:14.452 --> 00:47:19.871 -She really enjoyed hertraining, you know, as a driver. 787 00:47:19.906 --> 00:47:23.495 That's just how I felt. I absolutely loved driving. 788 00:47:23.530 --> 00:47:26.257 And she looked so happy to be able to drive. 789 00:47:26.291 --> 00:47:29.639 She was able to be her own self. 790 00:47:29.674 --> 00:47:32.194 Suddenly, women were useful. 791 00:47:32.228 --> 00:47:34.437 You know, they weren't, "Stay at home 792 00:47:34.472 --> 00:47:35.818 and look after the children." 793 00:47:35.853 --> 00:47:37.924 They could do all sorts of things. 794 00:47:37.958 --> 00:47:39.718 They could go into the factories. 795 00:47:39.753 --> 00:47:41.789 They could do war work of different things. 796 00:47:41.824 --> 00:47:44.689 They could join up like I did. 797 00:47:44.723 --> 00:47:46.484 If you were there, and the bombs were falling, 798 00:47:46.518 --> 00:47:48.348 well, there were very few people 799 00:47:48.382 --> 00:47:49.901 that were sort of running around, shrieking. 800 00:47:49.936 --> 00:47:52.835 If they did, they were out of the army pretty quick. 801 00:47:52.870 --> 00:47:55.217 Also, if you happened to get pregnant, 802 00:47:55.251 --> 00:47:57.253 you were out. 803 00:47:59.704 --> 00:48:03.604 -By joining the ATS in March 1945, 804 00:48:03.639 --> 00:48:06.676 Princess Elizabeth became the only female member 805 00:48:06.711 --> 00:48:12.579 of the Royal Family to serve in the armed forces. 806 00:48:12.613 --> 00:48:14.719 -This, of course, was also 807 00:48:14.753 --> 00:48:17.377 something of a morale booster to the nation, 808 00:48:17.411 --> 00:48:20.483 because they could see the king's elder daughter, 809 00:48:20.518 --> 00:48:23.831 Princess Elizabeth, their future sovereign, 810 00:48:23.866 --> 00:48:29.078 doing what others were doing, what everybody else was doing, 811 00:48:29.113 --> 00:48:30.597 playing their part. 812 00:48:30.631 --> 00:48:35.257 No matter how small, playing their part. 813 00:48:35.291 --> 00:48:37.259 -By the time she finished her training, 814 00:48:37.293 --> 00:48:40.124 the war was drawing to a close. 815 00:48:40.158 --> 00:48:42.954 But she'd learnt some valuable lessons. 816 00:48:45.198 --> 00:48:46.854 -Princess Elizabeth, a humanity 817 00:48:46.889 --> 00:48:50.134 that she might have taken longer to discover, 818 00:48:50.168 --> 00:48:54.034 she shared a lot in common with ordinary people 819 00:48:54.069 --> 00:48:58.625 in that she saw their suffering.She knew about it. 820 00:48:58.659 --> 00:49:02.974 She knew that people looked to her as that new generation -- 821 00:49:03.009 --> 00:49:05.011 that new generation of hope. 822 00:49:08.186 --> 00:49:14.089 -Today we give thanks to God. 823 00:49:14.123 --> 00:49:21.751 Germany, the enemy who drove all Europe into war, 824 00:49:21.786 --> 00:49:26.791 has been finally overcome. 825 00:49:36.732 --> 00:49:42.393 -On May 8, 1945, Germany finally surrendered. 826 00:49:44.567 --> 00:49:47.398 Over a million people gathered in Central London 827 00:49:47.432 --> 00:49:51.574 to celebrate Victory in Europe Day. 828 00:49:51.609 --> 00:49:56.545 One small boy was struggling to see the Royal Family. 829 00:49:56.579 --> 00:49:58.961 -I remember some man picked me up and lifted me up 830 00:49:58.996 --> 00:50:01.584 and put me on his shoulders, and I looked. 831 00:50:01.619 --> 00:50:04.311 That was how it was. Everybody was so friendly with everybody. 832 00:50:04.346 --> 00:50:07.073 You can't live in that atmosphere all the time. 833 00:50:07.107 --> 00:50:10.697 But they came onto the balcony, 834 00:50:10.731 --> 00:50:14.977 and the king with his uniform on. 835 00:50:15.012 --> 00:50:18.532 And it went on for hour after hour after hour. 836 00:50:25.436 --> 00:50:27.403 -Elizabeth said to her father, "You know, 837 00:50:27.438 --> 00:50:30.993 could we go out in it, see what's going on?" 838 00:50:31.028 --> 00:50:34.134 It was so exciting. 839 00:50:34.169 --> 00:50:37.206 -She was delighted when the king agreed 840 00:50:37.241 --> 00:50:39.243 that she could go out in the crowd 841 00:50:39.277 --> 00:50:41.728 with Princess Margaret and some friends 842 00:50:41.762 --> 00:50:44.903 and with some officers to keep an eye on them. 843 00:50:44.938 --> 00:50:48.390 She was in her ATS uniform, so she was still dressed up. 844 00:50:48.424 --> 00:50:49.908 And she didn't want to be recognized. 845 00:50:49.943 --> 00:50:53.533 And she tried to pull her cap over her forehead 846 00:50:53.567 --> 00:50:54.879 so that she wouldn't be recognized. 847 00:50:54.913 --> 00:50:57.019 And one of the officers said, 848 00:50:57.054 --> 00:50:58.676 "You know, you can't go like that. 849 00:50:58.710 --> 00:51:00.436 Put your cap back properly." 850 00:51:05.614 --> 00:51:10.895 -This was the one time in her life when she could just be 851 00:51:10.929 --> 00:51:14.761 second subaltern, ordinary, junior commander, ordinary, 852 00:51:14.795 --> 00:51:16.659 Miss Windsor, ordinary. 853 00:51:16.694 --> 00:51:18.454 Dancing down the mound, 854 00:51:18.489 --> 00:51:21.492 dancing their way up Piccadilly,St. James's, 855 00:51:21.526 --> 00:51:22.907 and at one point, 856 00:51:22.941 --> 00:51:26.083 grabbing the cap off the head of a sailor, 857 00:51:26.117 --> 00:51:29.707 who then he was chasing after them to get his cap back. 858 00:51:34.470 --> 00:51:39.510 -The future queen mingled unnoticed among her people. 859 00:51:39.544 --> 00:51:44.584 For once in her life, she was just another face in the crowd. 860 00:51:44.618 --> 00:51:46.482 -She actually described it 861 00:51:46.517 --> 00:51:49.140 as the most exciting night of her life. 862 00:51:53.765 --> 00:51:57.597 -I think that the war made Princess Elizabeth 863 00:51:57.631 --> 00:52:00.531 grow up like it made me grow up. 864 00:52:00.565 --> 00:52:02.429 It really made her. 865 00:52:02.464 --> 00:52:06.192 It made her closer to the people, 866 00:52:06.226 --> 00:52:08.090 who she reigned as subjects. 867 00:52:08.125 --> 00:52:10.023 And it made us closer to her, 868 00:52:10.057 --> 00:52:12.336 because they had been in the war, 869 00:52:12.370 --> 00:52:15.477 and right through the war, they were one of us. 870 00:52:15.511 --> 00:52:17.548 The Royal Family were one of us. 871 00:52:33.011 --> 00:52:36.118 -Two years after the revelers had gone home, 872 00:52:36.153 --> 00:52:40.502 Princess Elizabeth chose the occasion of her 21st birthday 873 00:52:40.536 --> 00:52:45.438 to make a vowto the people of her generation. 874 00:52:45.472 --> 00:52:50.443 -I am thinking especially today of all the young men and women 875 00:52:50.477 --> 00:52:53.653 who were born about the same time as myself 876 00:52:53.687 --> 00:52:55.724 and have grown up, like me, 877 00:52:55.758 --> 00:53:00.970 in terrible and glorious years of the Second World War. 878 00:53:01.005 --> 00:53:05.009 I declare before you all that my whole life, 879 00:53:05.043 --> 00:53:10.221 whether it be long or short,shall be devoted to your service 880 00:53:10.256 --> 00:53:13.742 and to the service of our great imperial family 881 00:53:13.776 --> 00:53:16.296 to which we all belong. 882 00:53:16.331 --> 00:53:19.472 God help me to make good my vow, 883 00:53:19.506 --> 00:53:23.855 and God bless all of you who are willing to share in it.