1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:14,773 --> 00:00:19,398 -Queen Elizabeth II is Britain'slongest-reigning monarch. 4 00:00:22,815 --> 00:00:24,507 75 years ago, 5 00:00:24,541 --> 00:00:27,682 she stood on this same balcony at Buckingham Palace, 6 00:00:27,717 --> 00:00:30,720 celebrating the end of the Second World War. 7 00:00:33,861 --> 00:00:37,037 This shy princess had been transformed 8 00:00:37,071 --> 00:00:41,696 by the demands of six years of war... 9 00:00:41,731 --> 00:00:45,286 a war that had seen her own home bombed 10 00:00:45,321 --> 00:00:48,082 and her parents nearly killed, 11 00:00:48,117 --> 00:00:51,672 a war that saw this quiet child find the courage 12 00:00:51,706 --> 00:00:56,573 to broadcast to evacuees in the United States and Canada... 13 00:00:56,608 --> 00:01:01,130 -Remember, it will be for us, the children of today, 14 00:01:01,164 --> 00:01:05,444 to make the world of tomorrow a better and happier place. 15 00:01:05,479 --> 00:01:06,997 -We thought they were in the wireless. 16 00:01:07,032 --> 00:01:11,105 I remember my sister and I sort of looking behind the wireless, 17 00:01:11,140 --> 00:01:13,314 wondering where they were. 18 00:01:13,349 --> 00:01:16,352 -...a war that saw her famous sense of duty 19 00:01:16,386 --> 00:01:20,321 emerging with new ceremonial roles... 20 00:01:20,356 --> 00:01:23,255 appear in pantomimes for the war effort... 21 00:01:23,290 --> 00:01:25,637 and support royal charities. 22 00:01:25,671 --> 00:01:29,227 -It gives me great pleasure to come here today 23 00:01:29,261 --> 00:01:31,919 to open the Aberdeen Sailors Home. 24 00:01:34,059 --> 00:01:35,716 -...and saw her threatened 25 00:01:35,750 --> 00:01:40,100 by one of the war's most terrifying weapons. 26 00:01:40,134 --> 00:01:42,550 -The girls threw themselves on the ground. 27 00:01:42,585 --> 00:01:45,381 The thought the worst was going to happen. 28 00:01:45,415 --> 00:01:47,521 Princess Elizabeth was really starting 29 00:01:47,555 --> 00:01:50,765 to show signs of strain. 30 00:01:50,800 --> 00:01:53,630 -Eager to throw herself into the war effort, 31 00:01:53,665 --> 00:01:55,908 the national crisis turned this young woman 32 00:01:55,943 --> 00:01:59,809 into the leader her country needed. 33 00:01:59,843 --> 00:02:01,880 -War made her. 34 00:02:01,914 --> 00:02:05,297 It made her closer to people, 35 00:02:05,332 --> 00:02:10,578 and it made us closer to her because she's one of us. 36 00:02:10,613 --> 00:02:14,410 -The Second World War transformed a shy princess 37 00:02:14,444 --> 00:02:17,171 into a legendary queen. 38 00:02:32,324 --> 00:02:35,327 -Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor 39 00:02:35,362 --> 00:02:40,781 was born April 21, 1926. 40 00:02:40,815 --> 00:02:42,369 As the daughter of the Duke of York, 41 00:02:42,403 --> 00:02:44,612 who was second in line to the throne, 42 00:02:44,647 --> 00:02:47,615 nobody expected Elizabeth to become queen. 43 00:02:47,650 --> 00:02:50,031 Instead, she would lead a quiet life 44 00:02:50,066 --> 00:02:52,586 away from the glare of publicity. 45 00:02:57,211 --> 00:03:00,732 But everything changed when her uncle, Edward VIII, 46 00:03:00,766 --> 00:03:03,942 renounced the throne in favor of Elizabeth's father, 47 00:03:03,976 --> 00:03:08,049 who became King George VI. 48 00:03:08,084 --> 00:03:13,227 10-year-old Elizabeth was now next in line to the throne. 49 00:03:13,262 --> 00:03:16,782 -Back in 1936, 10-year-olds were still children, 50 00:03:16,817 --> 00:03:20,269 and she was still a child, 51 00:03:20,303 --> 00:03:23,168 because, as she told her sister, Margaret, 52 00:03:23,203 --> 00:03:24,480 "Uncle David's going away, 53 00:03:24,514 --> 00:03:27,448 and Papa is to be king." 54 00:03:27,483 --> 00:03:30,555 And Margaret's response to that was, 55 00:03:30,589 --> 00:03:33,109 "Does that mean you're going to be queen?" 56 00:03:33,143 --> 00:03:38,045 And she said, "Yes, one day." 57 00:03:38,079 --> 00:03:40,772 -But Elizabeth's father, the Duke of York, 58 00:03:40,806 --> 00:03:44,983 was reluctant to take his elder brother's place. 59 00:03:45,017 --> 00:03:47,468 -He was a man who doubted himself. 60 00:03:47,503 --> 00:03:48,504 Could he be king? 61 00:03:48,538 --> 00:03:51,369 He'd never been trained for this. 62 00:03:51,403 --> 00:03:52,956 -The peaceful home life 63 00:03:52,991 --> 00:03:56,063 Elizabeth and her family had enjoyed up until now 64 00:03:56,097 --> 00:03:58,617 was shattered forever. 65 00:03:58,652 --> 00:03:59,860 -She was too young 66 00:03:59,894 --> 00:04:04,036 for her parents to conceal their own distress. 67 00:04:04,071 --> 00:04:06,349 She'd have lived through it at the dining table, 68 00:04:06,384 --> 00:04:08,593 lunch table, with them. 69 00:04:08,627 --> 00:04:11,078 When she heard what was due to happen to her 70 00:04:11,112 --> 00:04:12,459 as heir to the throne, 71 00:04:12,493 --> 00:04:16,532 she started desperately praying for a baby brother, 72 00:04:16,566 --> 00:04:18,568 who would have got, in those days -- 73 00:04:18,603 --> 00:04:21,399 have jumped ahead of her in succession. 74 00:04:21,433 --> 00:04:22,745 A nice little baby boy 75 00:04:22,779 --> 00:04:25,679 would have taken the load off her shoulders beautifully. 76 00:04:30,511 --> 00:04:36,206 -On May 12, 1937, George VI was crowned king. 77 00:04:40,659 --> 00:04:46,527 Elizabeth later wrote a detailed account of the day. 78 00:04:46,562 --> 00:04:49,841 -She talks about Mummy and Daddybeing consumed 79 00:04:49,875 --> 00:04:53,120 in a haze of wonder, 80 00:04:53,154 --> 00:04:59,402 and that clearly expressed how she herself was moved deeply, 81 00:04:59,437 --> 00:05:04,165 spiritually, by this -- this --this mission that now lay ahead. 82 00:05:07,928 --> 00:05:10,620 -Princess Elizabeth came to terms with the fact 83 00:05:10,655 --> 00:05:13,554 she would one day follow her father and mother 84 00:05:13,589 --> 00:05:16,971 into that haze of wonder. 85 00:05:17,006 --> 00:05:18,214 Her parents were determined 86 00:05:18,248 --> 00:05:22,805 she and her sister enjoy their childhood. 87 00:05:22,839 --> 00:05:25,601 But suddenly everything changed. 88 00:05:28,120 --> 00:05:30,640 -The Royal Family were on their Scottish holiday, 89 00:05:30,675 --> 00:05:31,952 as usual, 90 00:05:31,986 --> 00:05:35,956 at the beginning of September 1939 when war broke out. 91 00:05:35,990 --> 00:05:40,788 And the king and the queen went straight down to London 92 00:05:40,823 --> 00:05:43,757 to see the prime minister. 93 00:05:43,791 --> 00:05:47,381 The girls stayed up in Scotland. 94 00:05:52,628 --> 00:05:56,701 -For the second time in the lives of most of us, 95 00:05:56,735 --> 00:05:58,910 we are... 96 00:05:58,944 --> 00:06:01,809 at war. 97 00:06:01,844 --> 00:06:05,606 There may be dark days ahead, 98 00:06:05,641 --> 00:06:11,612 and war can no longer be confined to the battlefield. 99 00:06:14,339 --> 00:06:17,169 -The towns and cities of Britainwere expected 100 00:06:17,204 --> 00:06:21,484 to bear the brunt of death and destruction. 101 00:06:21,519 --> 00:06:24,314 Within the first three days of the war, 102 00:06:24,349 --> 00:06:27,387 1 1/2 million children, pregnant women, 103 00:06:27,421 --> 00:06:31,218 and the infirm were evacuated to the countryside. 104 00:06:33,289 --> 00:06:35,084 While the princesses were getting used 105 00:06:35,118 --> 00:06:37,535 to being separated from their parents, 106 00:06:37,569 --> 00:06:40,572 other children were preparing to leave theirs. 107 00:06:43,403 --> 00:06:45,266 -Many of the children thought they were going on holiday. 108 00:06:45,301 --> 00:06:47,924 One or two children had a bucket and spade. 109 00:06:47,959 --> 00:06:50,617 They took that away from them, but we had to just carry 110 00:06:50,651 --> 00:06:53,516 one change of clothes, and that's all. 111 00:06:58,072 --> 00:07:01,421 -Aware of the suffering evacuation was causing, 112 00:07:01,455 --> 00:07:06,115 Elizabeth's mother shared her own feelings about it. 113 00:07:06,149 --> 00:07:10,671 -Many of you have had to see your family life broken up, 114 00:07:10,706 --> 00:07:15,504 your children evacuated to places of greater safety. 115 00:07:15,538 --> 00:07:16,988 The king and I know 116 00:07:17,022 --> 00:07:21,199 what it means to be parted from our children, 117 00:07:21,233 --> 00:07:24,513 and we can sympathize with those of you 118 00:07:24,547 --> 00:07:27,619 who have bravely consented to this separation 119 00:07:27,654 --> 00:07:29,483 for the sake of your little ones. 120 00:07:32,210 --> 00:07:35,351 -Looked after by their governess, Marion Crawford, 121 00:07:35,385 --> 00:07:37,387 Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret 122 00:07:37,422 --> 00:07:39,493 were moved from Balmoral Castle 123 00:07:39,528 --> 00:07:44,015 to the less obvious target of Birkhall nearby. 124 00:07:44,049 --> 00:07:45,361 They were about to experience 125 00:07:45,395 --> 00:07:49,607 what life as an evacuee was likefor ordinary children. 126 00:07:49,641 --> 00:07:54,991 -Quite soon, evacuees were beingtaken out of Glasgow 127 00:07:55,026 --> 00:07:58,547 and being set up in houses on the Balmoral Estate 128 00:07:58,581 --> 00:08:01,826 that the king had opened up. 129 00:08:01,860 --> 00:08:03,690 -In the first weeks of the war, 130 00:08:03,724 --> 00:08:08,936 hundreds of Glaswegian evacuees descended on rural Scotland. 131 00:08:08,971 --> 00:08:12,284 As World War II progressed, it would draw people together 132 00:08:12,319 --> 00:08:14,528 from very different backgrounds. 133 00:08:14,563 --> 00:08:18,118 This didn't come naturally to the princess. 134 00:08:18,152 --> 00:08:20,845 -Elizabeth was never quite at ease with some of the children 135 00:08:20,879 --> 00:08:22,812 because I think they were 136 00:08:22,847 --> 00:08:25,539 very, very different from the princesses, 137 00:08:25,574 --> 00:08:28,162 and she was a little bit awkward with them. 138 00:08:31,062 --> 00:08:33,513 -Elizabeth and Margaret each decided 139 00:08:33,547 --> 00:08:37,551 to donate one of their coats to the evacuees. 140 00:08:37,586 --> 00:08:41,486 This simple gesture made the headlines. 141 00:08:41,521 --> 00:08:44,765 Glasgow evacuees Isa Kelly and Betty Murphy 142 00:08:44,800 --> 00:08:48,597 were the lucky recipients of the coats. 143 00:08:48,631 --> 00:08:50,840 -I remember Betty Murphy 144 00:08:50,875 --> 00:08:55,293 just because of the coat, I suppose. 145 00:08:55,327 --> 00:08:57,847 -A year younger than Princess Elizabeth, 146 00:08:57,882 --> 00:09:02,680 local resident Zan Grant got to know some of the evacuees. 147 00:09:02,714 --> 00:09:05,441 -They were from the poorest partof Glasgow, 148 00:09:05,475 --> 00:09:07,581 I would think, near the Clyde. 149 00:09:07,616 --> 00:09:11,654 Yes, and, of course, their picture was in the paper. 150 00:09:11,689 --> 00:09:13,000 Couldn't believe it, you know? 151 00:09:13,035 --> 00:09:16,072 It was really something special at the time. 152 00:09:19,282 --> 00:09:22,976 -While the princess was getting to know her future subjects, 153 00:09:23,010 --> 00:09:27,083 the predicted bombing didn't happen. 154 00:09:27,118 --> 00:09:32,641 By early 1940, many evacuees had returned to the cities. 155 00:09:32,675 --> 00:09:34,919 Princess Elizabeth and her sister 156 00:09:34,953 --> 00:09:37,784 also secretly returned to England 157 00:09:37,818 --> 00:09:40,234 to be closer to their parents. 158 00:09:40,269 --> 00:09:43,548 They caught up on the first major event of the war 159 00:09:43,583 --> 00:09:46,586 by watching newsreels in a private screening room. 160 00:09:53,420 --> 00:09:55,525 -The evacuation of the BEF from Flanders 161 00:09:55,560 --> 00:09:57,389 has been virtually completed. 162 00:09:57,424 --> 00:09:59,115 Once again, Hitler had underrated 163 00:09:59,150 --> 00:10:00,979 the power of the Royal Navy. 164 00:10:03,188 --> 00:10:06,536 -The German invasion's progress through Western Europe 165 00:10:06,571 --> 00:10:11,403 led to the Dunkirk evacuation of Allied Forces. 166 00:10:11,438 --> 00:10:12,991 In just six weeks, 167 00:10:13,026 --> 00:10:17,375 Hitler captured Paris on June 14th. 168 00:10:17,409 --> 00:10:20,654 The German army was now at the English Channel. 169 00:10:31,596 --> 00:10:34,564 Holkham Hall, near Sandringham in Norfolk, 170 00:10:34,599 --> 00:10:38,810 lived under the threat of Nazi invasion by sea. 171 00:10:38,845 --> 00:10:42,676 It was the family home of Ladies Anne and Carey Coke, 172 00:10:42,711 --> 00:10:46,266 friends of Princess Elizabeth and her sister, Margaret. 173 00:10:46,300 --> 00:10:47,301 -When we were very young, 174 00:10:47,336 --> 00:10:48,855 when the princesses were very young, 175 00:10:48,889 --> 00:10:51,685 I was young, we used to go on the beach, 176 00:10:51,720 --> 00:10:56,103 you know, which was lovely, andswim and dig, make sand castles. 177 00:10:56,138 --> 00:10:59,451 Princess Elizabeth then was more serious 178 00:10:59,486 --> 00:11:02,316 and did say, "Margaret, what are you doing?" 179 00:11:02,351 --> 00:11:04,698 or "Anne, you shouldn't do that." 180 00:11:04,733 --> 00:11:08,012 I mean, we definitely thought Hitler was going to land. 181 00:11:08,046 --> 00:11:10,255 So my sister and I had this wonderful plan 182 00:11:10,290 --> 00:11:12,464 that we were actually gonna kill Hitler, 183 00:11:12,499 --> 00:11:15,640 and we had what we called Hitler's mess, 184 00:11:15,675 --> 00:11:19,333 which was a jam jar that we kept under our bed. 185 00:11:19,368 --> 00:11:21,991 Anything really disgusting we'd put in there. 186 00:11:24,580 --> 00:11:26,099 And we had it all planned. 187 00:11:26,133 --> 00:11:28,860 We used to practice with our Teddy bear being Hitler. 188 00:11:28,895 --> 00:11:32,726 And we'd say, "Ooh, Mr. Hitler, how lovely to see you. 189 00:11:32,761 --> 00:11:35,729 We've got a delicious drink that we've got for you." 190 00:11:35,764 --> 00:11:38,076 We never thought beyond actually killing him. 191 00:11:38,111 --> 00:11:41,010 I mean, we just thought we would succeed. 192 00:11:41,045 --> 00:11:43,426 Luckily, we didn't have to put it into practice. 193 00:11:47,741 --> 00:11:50,295 -With their famous houses and palaces, 194 00:11:50,330 --> 00:11:55,300 the Royal Family were vulnerabletargets for Nazi assassins. 195 00:11:55,335 --> 00:11:57,578 Fear of invasion was growing. 196 00:11:57,613 --> 00:12:00,340 The government repeatedly advised the Royal Family 197 00:12:00,374 --> 00:12:03,308 to move their children abroad. 198 00:12:03,343 --> 00:12:04,482 -They were not sent to Canada, 199 00:12:04,516 --> 00:12:06,760 like a lot of girls of their age, 200 00:12:06,795 --> 00:12:08,797 on the grounds that, as is well known, 201 00:12:08,831 --> 00:12:10,764 the Queen Mother said, "They won't leave without me, 202 00:12:10,799 --> 00:12:13,180 and I won't leave without theking, and the king won't leave." 203 00:12:13,215 --> 00:12:14,423 And, you know, you can understand it, 204 00:12:14,457 --> 00:12:16,770 that if the king and queen are still in London, 205 00:12:16,805 --> 00:12:20,325 things aren't too bad. 206 00:12:20,360 --> 00:12:22,431 -The precise location of the Royal Family 207 00:12:22,465 --> 00:12:27,539 was a matter of great national secrecy and security. 208 00:12:27,574 --> 00:12:30,715 -So, the newsreels told everybody at the time 209 00:12:30,750 --> 00:12:34,063 the princesses were somewhere in the country. 210 00:12:38,033 --> 00:12:43,141 Now of course we know it was Windsor Castle. 211 00:12:43,176 --> 00:12:47,456 -They knew that they wereprobably fairly safe at Windsor, 212 00:12:47,490 --> 00:12:51,909 but they did have a safe house, as well, further north, 213 00:12:51,943 --> 00:12:53,945 and it was kept there the whole of the war. 214 00:12:53,980 --> 00:12:55,775 So if there was an invasion, 215 00:12:55,809 --> 00:12:59,054 and everybody thought that therewas going to be an invasion, 216 00:12:59,088 --> 00:13:01,470 the princesses and the queen 217 00:13:01,504 --> 00:13:03,644 could immediately be sent up north. 218 00:13:03,679 --> 00:13:06,268 They would then take a boat from Liverpool 219 00:13:06,302 --> 00:13:07,856 so that they could get out of the country 220 00:13:07,890 --> 00:13:08,891 if they needed to be. 221 00:13:08,926 --> 00:13:12,792 But, fortunately, that never happened. 222 00:13:12,826 --> 00:13:15,173 -While she was safe in Windsor Castle, 223 00:13:15,208 --> 00:13:18,073 Princess Elizabeth worried about her father and mother, 224 00:13:18,107 --> 00:13:22,422 who remained in Buckingham Palace. 225 00:13:22,456 --> 00:13:24,769 And in the Blitz to come, 226 00:13:24,804 --> 00:13:29,601 they would become the prime target for Hitler's Luftwaffe. 227 00:13:34,399 --> 00:13:39,508 In July 1939, two months before the outbreak of war, 228 00:13:39,542 --> 00:13:43,753 13-year-old Princess Elizabethand the rest of the Royal Family 229 00:13:43,788 --> 00:13:46,998 sailed to Dartmouth in Devon on the royal yacht. 230 00:13:49,518 --> 00:13:50,657 This was a day 231 00:13:50,691 --> 00:13:55,248 that would transform the life of the princess. 232 00:13:55,282 --> 00:13:57,388 The Royal Family were here to pay a visit 233 00:13:57,422 --> 00:13:59,390 to the Royal Naval College, 234 00:13:59,424 --> 00:14:02,772 where Princess Elizabeth's father and grandfather trained 235 00:14:02,807 --> 00:14:06,155 as naval cadets. 236 00:14:06,190 --> 00:14:09,365 Michael Vaughan was a 13-year-old recruit. 237 00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:11,574 He recalls the visit. 238 00:14:11,609 --> 00:14:15,509 -We would keep a keen eye open in case any of the royal party 239 00:14:15,544 --> 00:14:20,238 came anywhere near us, whereupon we would tremble. 240 00:14:22,827 --> 00:14:27,142 It seemed to youngsters like us that he was a good chap 241 00:14:27,176 --> 00:14:30,007 and that his wife was really pleasant 242 00:14:30,041 --> 00:14:33,113 and there might be some prospectin the princesses. 243 00:14:36,945 --> 00:14:38,118 -Dartmouth is where 244 00:14:38,153 --> 00:14:40,914 the country's naval officers are trained. 245 00:14:40,949 --> 00:14:44,918 One in particular stood out from the crowd. 246 00:14:44,953 --> 00:14:50,096 -This tall 18-year-old blond chap appeared 247 00:14:50,130 --> 00:14:53,202 that was Prince Philip of Greece. 248 00:14:53,237 --> 00:14:54,686 -Prince Philip was asked 249 00:14:54,721 --> 00:14:57,586 to entertain the king and queen's daughters. 250 00:14:57,620 --> 00:15:01,970 -Philip suggested that they go and jump over the tennis nets 251 00:15:02,004 --> 00:15:04,489 on the tennis courts. 252 00:15:04,524 --> 00:15:07,872 -The princesses' governess, Marion Crawford, 253 00:15:07,907 --> 00:15:10,185 kept a sharp eye on the girls. 254 00:15:10,219 --> 00:15:12,877 -Princess Elizabeth said, "Oh, Crawfie, 255 00:15:12,912 --> 00:15:18,538 look at how high he jumps," whenhe jumped over the tennis net. 256 00:15:18,572 --> 00:15:21,437 -Once he'd proved his athletic skills, 257 00:15:21,472 --> 00:15:24,199 Prince Philip suggested a game of croquet. 258 00:15:27,685 --> 00:15:30,377 Shortly afterwards, a journalist captured 259 00:15:30,412 --> 00:15:33,553 a photograph of them together, alone. 260 00:15:36,521 --> 00:15:40,870 The following day, the royal party rejoined the royal yacht, 261 00:15:40,905 --> 00:15:44,253 but their departure didn't go unnoticed. 262 00:15:44,288 --> 00:15:46,531 -A lot of the cadets rowed afterwards 263 00:15:46,566 --> 00:15:49,810 in a sort of show of thanks 264 00:15:49,845 --> 00:15:52,503 to say goodbye to the royal party. 265 00:15:52,537 --> 00:15:54,160 -Just as they were sort of pulling right away 266 00:15:54,194 --> 00:15:57,266 and all the boats were going back to the harbor, 267 00:15:57,301 --> 00:16:02,271 the king happened to notice one boy really rowing away. 268 00:16:02,306 --> 00:16:04,825 -And the king was looking through his binoculars. 269 00:16:04,860 --> 00:16:06,586 "Who's that bloody fool still rowing? 270 00:16:06,620 --> 00:16:08,174 Go back." 271 00:16:08,208 --> 00:16:10,003 And it was Philip, of course, 272 00:16:10,038 --> 00:16:14,352 and I think the princess has never forgot that. 273 00:16:14,387 --> 00:16:18,943 -If you were wondering whether romance was blossoming, 274 00:16:18,978 --> 00:16:22,015 I would say that almost everybody believed 275 00:16:22,050 --> 00:16:24,949 that that was happening. 276 00:16:24,984 --> 00:16:30,644 -Elizabeth herself just 13 then,and at this very moment, 277 00:16:30,679 --> 00:16:33,785 she meets the man, um, 278 00:16:33,820 --> 00:16:37,927 with whom she fell in love that day. 279 00:16:39,964 --> 00:16:42,518 -Rising up the ranks to first lieutenant, 280 00:16:42,553 --> 00:16:46,246 Philip would patrol the perilouswaters of the Mediterranean 281 00:16:46,281 --> 00:16:49,491 and the Indian Ocean. 282 00:16:49,525 --> 00:16:54,082 Princess Elizabeth kept up aregular correspondence with him. 283 00:16:54,116 --> 00:16:56,463 -Whatever it meant to her personally, 284 00:16:56,498 --> 00:16:59,984 it gave her this same sense of identity 285 00:17:00,019 --> 00:17:04,782 with so many British women during the war. 286 00:17:04,816 --> 00:17:08,958 Their man -- husband, fiancé, boyfriend -- 287 00:17:08,993 --> 00:17:13,860 was away risking his life, which Philip did. 288 00:17:13,894 --> 00:17:17,208 -For the next five years, the princess kept a photo 289 00:17:17,243 --> 00:17:20,867 of a bearded Prince Philip on her mantelpiece. 290 00:17:20,901 --> 00:17:23,870 "There you are, Crawfie," she said to her nanny. 291 00:17:23,904 --> 00:17:27,322 "I defy anyone to recognize who that is." 292 00:17:31,257 --> 00:17:33,397 A year into the Second World War, 293 00:17:33,431 --> 00:17:37,539 life in Britain appeared to carry on as normal. 294 00:17:37,573 --> 00:17:41,370 It became known as "the phony war." 295 00:17:41,405 --> 00:17:45,892 But it came to an end on September 7, 1940. 296 00:17:55,867 --> 00:18:00,113 The Blitz began with heavy raids on London. 297 00:18:00,148 --> 00:18:03,185 Mass air attacks on numerous towns, cities, 298 00:18:03,220 --> 00:18:07,603 and industrial targets followed over the next eight months. 299 00:18:11,745 --> 00:18:15,784 Between September 1940 and May 1941, 300 00:18:15,818 --> 00:18:20,651 more than 40,000 people died, almost half of them in London. 301 00:18:24,931 --> 00:18:28,141 -Princess Elizabeth was aware of this, I mean, 302 00:18:28,176 --> 00:18:30,385 'cause they were at Windsor. 303 00:18:30,419 --> 00:18:34,043 But they could hear some of the bombing. 304 00:18:34,078 --> 00:18:36,425 The king felt that she needed to know. 305 00:18:36,460 --> 00:18:40,947 And she would see Pathé News, and she would see newspapers, 306 00:18:40,981 --> 00:18:44,330 although she was protected from the real horrors of it. 307 00:18:46,435 --> 00:18:49,611 -Things move with lightning swiftness in this Nazi war, 308 00:18:49,645 --> 00:18:51,302 but at the moment of recording these pictures, 309 00:18:51,337 --> 00:18:53,477 London is still enduring the nightly bombardment 310 00:18:53,511 --> 00:18:55,444 by Hitler and his gangsters. 311 00:18:55,479 --> 00:18:57,101 The casualties have been heavy, 312 00:18:57,136 --> 00:19:00,449 both in human lives and materials. 313 00:19:00,484 --> 00:19:03,625 -Newsreels helped Princess Elizabeth to get a sense 314 00:19:03,659 --> 00:19:07,146 of what ordinary children were going through. 315 00:19:07,180 --> 00:19:10,010 Ron Batchelor was a schoolboy living in central London 316 00:19:10,045 --> 00:19:12,323 during the worst of the air raids. 317 00:19:12,358 --> 00:19:14,187 -When a building was hit, 318 00:19:14,222 --> 00:19:16,500 as children, we would go and have a look, 319 00:19:16,534 --> 00:19:19,192 and they were bringing people out on stretchers 320 00:19:19,227 --> 00:19:20,780 and covering them up. 321 00:19:20,814 --> 00:19:22,540 A doctor had to certify that they were dead 322 00:19:22,575 --> 00:19:24,680 before they carted them away. 323 00:19:24,715 --> 00:19:27,614 We were watching it just like it was an everyday thing. 324 00:19:27,649 --> 00:19:30,169 At first, I was worried about it. 325 00:19:30,203 --> 00:19:31,963 I'd never seen a dead person. 326 00:19:31,998 --> 00:19:34,380 But you do. You get used to these things. 327 00:19:34,414 --> 00:19:37,106 You get used to bombing. 328 00:19:37,141 --> 00:19:40,765 -The Second World War brought home death and destruction 329 00:19:40,800 --> 00:19:42,905 on a hideous scale 330 00:19:42,940 --> 00:19:45,460 right onto our doorsteps and into our homes 331 00:19:45,494 --> 00:19:48,877 in a way that had never been seen before in this country. 332 00:19:48,911 --> 00:19:51,431 You heard stories of going to work in the morning, 333 00:19:51,466 --> 00:19:55,366 you see limbs lying on the street. 334 00:19:55,401 --> 00:19:59,681 The hideousness of a dead baby or a dead child 335 00:19:59,715 --> 00:20:03,823 lying exploded in a mass of gutson the pavement. 336 00:20:10,381 --> 00:20:13,246 -On September 13, 1940, 337 00:20:13,281 --> 00:20:16,594 German bombers embarked on a secret mission. 338 00:20:19,701 --> 00:20:21,806 -Imagine you're a Luftwaffe pilot. 339 00:20:21,841 --> 00:20:24,395 You're a bomber pilot. 340 00:20:24,430 --> 00:20:28,192 You are now carrying out anotherbombing raid on London itself, 341 00:20:28,227 --> 00:20:32,886 but you've found a key feature in the form of the mall there. 342 00:20:32,921 --> 00:20:34,957 What is at the other end? 343 00:20:34,992 --> 00:20:37,097 One of the most famous, if not themost famous 344 00:20:37,132 --> 00:20:40,929 landmark in London itself -- Buckingham Palace. 345 00:20:40,963 --> 00:20:44,139 That is the target. 346 00:20:44,173 --> 00:20:47,073 -Princess Elizabeth's mother described the drama 347 00:20:47,107 --> 00:20:50,628 of what happened next in a letter to Queen Mary. 348 00:20:50,663 --> 00:20:54,218 -My darling Mama, I hardly know how to begin to tell you 349 00:20:54,253 --> 00:20:57,877 of the horrible attack on Buckingham Palace this morning. 350 00:20:57,911 --> 00:21:00,604 Bertie and I arrived there at about quarter to 11:00, 351 00:21:00,638 --> 00:21:03,158 and he and I went up to our poor windowless rooms 352 00:21:03,192 --> 00:21:06,161 to collect a few odds and ends. 353 00:21:06,195 --> 00:21:07,576 At this moment, 354 00:21:07,611 --> 00:21:11,891 we heard the unmistakable "whir, whir" of a German plane. 355 00:21:11,925 --> 00:21:14,549 We said, "Ah, a German." 356 00:21:14,583 --> 00:21:16,723 And before anything else could be said, 357 00:21:16,758 --> 00:21:20,624 there was the noise of aircraft diving at great speed. 358 00:21:20,658 --> 00:21:23,661 -They saw this bomber coming towards them. 359 00:21:23,696 --> 00:21:25,387 Then they suddenly realized, actually -- 360 00:21:25,422 --> 00:21:26,492 the king suddenly realized -- 361 00:21:26,526 --> 00:21:28,252 "Good heavens, it's coming to us!" 362 00:21:30,530 --> 00:21:34,396 -Imagine the sound of that, when you're sat in your home, 363 00:21:34,431 --> 00:21:36,329 regardless of whether it's Buckingham Palace. 364 00:21:36,364 --> 00:21:40,471 You're sat at your home, and youcan hear the bombs coming down. 365 00:21:40,506 --> 00:21:43,129 -"It all happened so quickly that we only had time 366 00:21:43,163 --> 00:21:47,167 to look foolishly at each other when the scream hurtled past us 367 00:21:47,202 --> 00:21:50,757 and exploded with a tremendous crash in the quadrangle. 368 00:21:56,073 --> 00:21:59,559 -The king and queen were lucky to survive. 369 00:21:59,594 --> 00:22:02,735 But instead of retreating to their daughters in Windsor, 370 00:22:02,769 --> 00:22:07,291 they ventured out to inspect the damage. 371 00:22:07,326 --> 00:22:10,018 -The bombing of Buckingham Palace was a tremendous 372 00:22:10,052 --> 00:22:12,469 personal shock to the Royal Family, 373 00:22:12,503 --> 00:22:16,783 but it legitimized them, also. 374 00:22:16,818 --> 00:22:19,890 The Queen Mother, as you now remember, famously said, 375 00:22:19,924 --> 00:22:22,513 "I'm glad we have been bombed. 376 00:22:22,548 --> 00:22:27,725 I feel we can look the East End in the face." 377 00:22:27,760 --> 00:22:30,452 -Having shared the suffering of the Blitz, 378 00:22:30,487 --> 00:22:35,457 the king and queen met ordinaryLondoners with a new confidence. 379 00:22:35,492 --> 00:22:38,943 As they chatted to people in bomb-damaged areas, 380 00:22:38,978 --> 00:22:40,255 a more informal way 381 00:22:40,289 --> 00:22:44,432 of presenting themselves to the public was emerging. 382 00:22:44,466 --> 00:22:47,780 The newsreel cameras captured their every move. 383 00:22:47,814 --> 00:22:50,645 -They saw the cruel damage inflicted by the Nazis, 384 00:22:50,679 --> 00:22:52,129 and they chatted with many of the people 385 00:22:52,163 --> 00:22:53,441 whose homes have been destroyed 386 00:22:53,475 --> 00:22:55,857 by the savage and indiscriminate raids. 387 00:22:55,891 --> 00:22:57,652 -When we see those pictures 388 00:22:57,686 --> 00:23:00,931 of the king and queen meeting the crowds, 389 00:23:00,965 --> 00:23:05,211 it is the outgoing queen who's always setting the pace, 390 00:23:05,245 --> 00:23:10,492 as it were, and George VI naturally being a step behind. 391 00:23:12,839 --> 00:23:16,291 People came to find that rather appealing and human. 392 00:23:19,777 --> 00:23:21,607 -Keeping the king and queen safe 393 00:23:21,641 --> 00:23:23,643 while traveling around the country 394 00:23:23,678 --> 00:23:27,060 became increasingly challenging. 395 00:23:27,095 --> 00:23:31,133 -Whilst they commuted, really, from Windsor to London 396 00:23:31,168 --> 00:23:34,689 by armored car every day, 397 00:23:34,723 --> 00:23:37,968 they also, during the war years, 398 00:23:38,002 --> 00:23:43,629 undertook no fewer than 300 regional tours 399 00:23:43,663 --> 00:23:48,461 and covered 4,000 miles in the Royal Train 400 00:23:48,496 --> 00:23:52,983 specifically to meet people, to cheer them, to raise morale, 401 00:23:53,017 --> 00:23:55,848 to comfort in whatever way they could. 402 00:23:58,437 --> 00:24:00,991 -One of the people who saw the king and queen 403 00:24:01,025 --> 00:24:03,787 was Ron Batchelor. 404 00:24:03,821 --> 00:24:06,583 -I was standing in the playground, 405 00:24:06,617 --> 00:24:09,689 and somebody said, "Look!" 406 00:24:09,724 --> 00:24:11,898 And he pointed, and we looked up, 407 00:24:11,933 --> 00:24:15,523 and about 50 yards away, I suppose, 408 00:24:15,557 --> 00:24:21,494 we saw the queen and the king in his uniform. 409 00:24:21,529 --> 00:24:23,151 The queen had a fur coat on. 410 00:24:23,185 --> 00:24:25,464 I remember that -- a fur wrap around here -- 411 00:24:25,498 --> 00:24:27,811 but it was a kind of a fur thing. 412 00:24:27,845 --> 00:24:31,021 That -- I remember that quite well. 413 00:24:31,055 --> 00:24:33,782 And I couldn't wait to tell my mum, so I left. 414 00:24:33,817 --> 00:24:35,957 When they disappeared, I went running up to my mum, 415 00:24:35,991 --> 00:24:39,029 and I said to my mother, "Mama," I said, "guess what?" 416 00:24:39,063 --> 00:24:41,238 She said, "What?" I said, "The queen's come." 417 00:24:41,272 --> 00:24:42,584 And she said, "What do you mean?" 418 00:24:42,619 --> 00:24:46,105 I said, "I've seen her walking up the other end." 419 00:24:46,139 --> 00:24:49,177 She said to me, "I hope you had your socks pulled up." 420 00:24:51,559 --> 00:24:53,768 -Everywhere, Their Majestiesfound the spirit of these people 421 00:24:53,802 --> 00:24:56,356 still undaunted, while they, for their part, 422 00:24:56,391 --> 00:24:59,359 sincerely appreciated the king and queen's true sympathy. 423 00:25:01,534 --> 00:25:04,779 -They were a very good double act, 424 00:25:04,813 --> 00:25:06,125 and we know 425 00:25:06,159 --> 00:25:10,716 that Elizabeth studied the newsreels of the time, 426 00:25:10,750 --> 00:25:15,168 and these were projected privately to the Royal Family 427 00:25:15,203 --> 00:25:16,376 in Buckingham Palace and Windsor. 428 00:25:16,411 --> 00:25:17,895 After all, they were participants 429 00:25:17,930 --> 00:25:20,035 and wanted to see themselves. 430 00:25:20,070 --> 00:25:23,487 -Visitors were wholeheartedly welcomed everywhere they went. 431 00:25:23,522 --> 00:25:26,110 -Their appearance in the newsreels revealed 432 00:25:26,145 --> 00:25:28,181 the different characters and backgrounds 433 00:25:28,216 --> 00:25:31,184 of Princess Elizabeth's parents. 434 00:25:31,219 --> 00:25:34,878 -Her mother had had a very different upbringing -- 435 00:25:34,912 --> 00:25:38,744 aristocratic as opposed to royal, a big family, 436 00:25:38,778 --> 00:25:42,575 a big rumbustious family, the Bowes-Lyons, 437 00:25:42,610 --> 00:25:47,891 and very full of warmth and fun. 438 00:25:47,925 --> 00:25:50,549 By contrast, of course, George VI -- 439 00:25:50,583 --> 00:25:53,586 his parents, George V and Queen Mary -- 440 00:25:53,621 --> 00:25:57,314 it wasn't that they weren't loving people, essentially, 441 00:25:57,348 --> 00:26:00,006 but not terribly good at showing it. 442 00:26:03,562 --> 00:26:04,839 -Up until then, they were figures 443 00:26:04,873 --> 00:26:08,428 that you just saw all dressed up at the palace, 444 00:26:08,463 --> 00:26:12,225 having their photograph taken for some royal event. 445 00:26:12,260 --> 00:26:15,194 The popularity of the king and queen 446 00:26:15,228 --> 00:26:18,369 and the Royal Family increased. 447 00:26:18,404 --> 00:26:22,891 They'd become more open and more accessible. 448 00:26:22,926 --> 00:26:25,238 And suddenly my family became Royalists, 449 00:26:25,273 --> 00:26:27,171 and that was common everywhere. 450 00:26:29,208 --> 00:26:32,591 -The Royal Family's appearances in cinema newsreels 451 00:26:32,625 --> 00:26:35,352 increased dramatically during the war. 452 00:26:38,527 --> 00:26:41,323 Princess Elizabeth was the first monarch 453 00:26:41,358 --> 00:26:45,051 to grow up in the perpetual gazeof the media, 454 00:26:45,086 --> 00:26:48,503 and she would soon be making a more demanding contribution 455 00:26:48,537 --> 00:26:50,091 to the war effort. 456 00:26:53,612 --> 00:26:56,304 Before the outbreak of the Second World War, 457 00:26:56,338 --> 00:26:59,721 over 14,000 children from wealthy families 458 00:26:59,756 --> 00:27:03,691 were sent to safetyin the United States and Canada. 459 00:27:03,725 --> 00:27:07,177 -The reason we are in America is because 460 00:27:07,211 --> 00:27:10,559 we have been evacuated from England, 461 00:27:10,594 --> 00:27:12,976 and our mothers did not think it was safe 462 00:27:13,010 --> 00:27:15,150 to go and stay in England. 463 00:27:15,185 --> 00:27:20,846 -I came here because the war broke out, to be safe. 464 00:27:20,880 --> 00:27:23,158 -Two children who weren't dispatched 465 00:27:23,193 --> 00:27:25,229 to safety across the Atlantic 466 00:27:25,264 --> 00:27:29,924 were Princess Elizabeth and her sister. 467 00:27:29,958 --> 00:27:34,376 -My sister and I, being so proudthat they were still in England, 468 00:27:34,411 --> 00:27:38,380 because a lot of our friends hadbeen sent to America and Canada. 469 00:27:40,555 --> 00:27:44,352 -Back home, nearly 8,000 children were killed 470 00:27:44,386 --> 00:27:46,665 in the mass bombings of the Blitz, 471 00:27:46,699 --> 00:27:50,082 and many more were seriously injured. 472 00:27:50,116 --> 00:27:52,774 When the government funded overseas evacuation 473 00:27:52,809 --> 00:27:56,571 for 24,000 children from the inner cities, 474 00:27:56,605 --> 00:27:59,160 sending children abroad was no longer seen 475 00:27:59,194 --> 00:28:01,093 as the preserve of the wealthy. 476 00:28:04,579 --> 00:28:07,375 On September 13, 1940, 477 00:28:07,409 --> 00:28:10,481 90 children boarded a ship like this one 478 00:28:10,516 --> 00:28:13,968 to take them to safety in Canada. 479 00:28:14,002 --> 00:28:18,697 The SS City of Benares was four days into its voyage 480 00:28:18,731 --> 00:28:22,562 when it was spotted by a German U-boat. 481 00:28:33,090 --> 00:28:38,855 It was reported that only 7 of the 90 children survived. 482 00:28:38,889 --> 00:28:41,374 The prime minister, Winston Churchill, 483 00:28:41,409 --> 00:28:47,208 canceled all future plansto ship British children abroad. 484 00:28:47,242 --> 00:28:50,176 -Buckingham Palace realized that these two girls 485 00:28:50,211 --> 00:28:52,696 themselves living somewhere in the country, 486 00:28:52,731 --> 00:28:57,149 having had their own house bombed in London, 487 00:28:57,183 --> 00:29:01,049 created a real identity with children. 488 00:29:04,052 --> 00:29:06,641 -On October 13, 1940, 489 00:29:06,675 --> 00:29:10,403 barely a month after the sinkingof SS City of Benares, 490 00:29:10,438 --> 00:29:13,372 Princess Elizabeth recorded a radio broadcast 491 00:29:13,406 --> 00:29:15,650 for the BBC's "Children's Hour," 492 00:29:15,684 --> 00:29:17,445 transmitted around the world 493 00:29:17,479 --> 00:29:21,863 and heard by evacueesin the United States and Canada. 494 00:29:21,898 --> 00:29:26,972 -My sister, Margaret Rose, and I feel so much for you, 495 00:29:27,006 --> 00:29:30,182 as we know from experience what it means 496 00:29:30,216 --> 00:29:34,393 to be away from those we love most of all. 497 00:29:34,427 --> 00:29:36,705 -For that 14-year-old, 498 00:29:36,740 --> 00:29:40,157 it would have been a demanding thing to have done. 499 00:29:40,192 --> 00:29:45,507 It demonstrated some pretty serious qualities 500 00:29:45,542 --> 00:29:49,063 for a very, very young teenager. 501 00:29:49,097 --> 00:29:52,169 -To you living in new surroundings, 502 00:29:52,204 --> 00:29:55,483 we send a message of true sympathy, 503 00:29:55,517 --> 00:30:00,246 and, at the same time, we would like to thank the kind people 504 00:30:00,281 --> 00:30:04,906 who have welcomed you to their homes in the country. 505 00:30:04,941 --> 00:30:06,459 -And we thought they were in the wireless. 506 00:30:06,494 --> 00:30:10,532 I remember my sister and I sort of looking behind the wireless, 507 00:30:10,567 --> 00:30:11,844 wondering where they were. 508 00:30:11,879 --> 00:30:14,640 -All of us children who are still at home... 509 00:30:14,674 --> 00:30:16,573 -I thought, "Oh, that's Princess Elizabeth 510 00:30:16,607 --> 00:30:17,885 talking to us on the radio." 511 00:30:17,919 --> 00:30:20,335 It was wonderful. Wonderful. 512 00:30:20,370 --> 00:30:21,681 -...think continually 513 00:30:21,716 --> 00:30:24,857 of our friends and relations who have gone -- 514 00:30:24,892 --> 00:30:28,861 -A lot of people commented that she sounds just like her mother 515 00:30:28,896 --> 00:30:31,622 and said what a marvelous, authoritative, 516 00:30:31,657 --> 00:30:34,487 and mellow voice she had. 517 00:30:34,522 --> 00:30:35,695 -The king was delighted 518 00:30:35,730 --> 00:30:39,078 because she sounded very much like his wife. 519 00:30:39,113 --> 00:30:43,842 -Many of you have had to see your family life broken up. 520 00:30:43,876 --> 00:30:47,984 -To you, we send a message of true sympathy. 521 00:30:48,018 --> 00:30:51,642 -She also spoke about how, "when peace comes, 522 00:30:51,677 --> 00:30:54,507 it is for us, the children of this generation, 523 00:30:54,542 --> 00:30:57,579 to ensure that war doesn't happen again," 524 00:30:57,614 --> 00:31:03,654 and that in itself marked her asthe leader for her generation. 525 00:31:03,689 --> 00:31:07,141 -And when peace comes, remember, 526 00:31:07,175 --> 00:31:10,523 it will be for us, the children of today, 527 00:31:10,558 --> 00:31:15,218 to make the world of tomorrow a better and happier place. 528 00:31:15,252 --> 00:31:18,221 -It was a huge success, 'cause, basically, 529 00:31:18,255 --> 00:31:20,775 it was to America and Canada, 530 00:31:20,809 --> 00:31:24,054 and Elizabeth, being the sort of person she was, 531 00:31:24,089 --> 00:31:26,056 added a little amendment at the end 532 00:31:26,091 --> 00:31:29,059 and brought Princess Margaret into it. 533 00:31:29,094 --> 00:31:31,751 -My sister is by my side, 534 00:31:31,786 --> 00:31:34,996 and we are both going to say good night to you. 535 00:31:35,031 --> 00:31:38,689 Come on, Margaret. -Good night, children. 536 00:31:38,724 --> 00:31:41,727 -Good night, and good luck to you all. 537 00:31:43,763 --> 00:31:46,145 -Well, in America, they loved it so much that, 538 00:31:46,180 --> 00:31:49,390 "Ah, come on, Margaret" became a catchphrase. 539 00:31:49,424 --> 00:31:51,047 And it was a huge success, 540 00:31:51,081 --> 00:31:53,601 and it was seen as slightly propaganda 541 00:31:53,635 --> 00:31:55,154 because it was sort of front page 542 00:31:55,189 --> 00:31:56,949 of all the newspapers in America 543 00:31:56,984 --> 00:32:00,953 that the princess had given this amazing broadcast. 544 00:32:05,889 --> 00:32:08,202 -The education of the nation's children 545 00:32:08,236 --> 00:32:11,688 suffered greatly during the war. 546 00:32:11,722 --> 00:32:14,863 But from the age of 13, the king and queen decided 547 00:32:14,898 --> 00:32:17,556 Princess Elizabeth should be properly prepared 548 00:32:17,590 --> 00:32:19,282 for the life ahead of her. 549 00:32:21,905 --> 00:32:24,701 Less than 3 miles from Windsor Castle, 550 00:32:24,735 --> 00:32:29,223 Eton College presented a solution. 551 00:32:29,257 --> 00:32:31,535 Twice a week, Elizabeth's governess, 552 00:32:31,570 --> 00:32:36,368 Marion Crawford, escorted her to the college. 553 00:32:36,402 --> 00:32:38,680 "Piles of books everywhere," 554 00:32:38,715 --> 00:32:41,994 wrote Crawford of the tutor's study. 555 00:32:42,029 --> 00:32:45,342 "Crawfie, do you mean to tell mehe's read them all?" 556 00:32:45,377 --> 00:32:48,587 asked Princess Elizabeth. 557 00:32:48,621 --> 00:32:51,417 But soon she was absorbed in the complexities 558 00:32:51,452 --> 00:32:55,456 of the British Constitution. 559 00:32:55,490 --> 00:32:58,769 -All through the emotional experience 560 00:32:58,804 --> 00:33:01,531 of the dangers and terror of war, 561 00:33:01,565 --> 00:33:05,604 she's also learning thetechnicalities of the difference 562 00:33:05,638 --> 00:33:11,334 between proroguing or dissolving or suspending Parliament, 563 00:33:11,368 --> 00:33:14,061 what the Prime Minister has to come to the Sovereign 564 00:33:14,095 --> 00:33:17,029 to do at those times. 565 00:33:17,064 --> 00:33:21,792 And the relationship between George VI and Churchill 566 00:33:21,827 --> 00:33:24,795 became a paradigm which I think we can say 567 00:33:24,830 --> 00:33:27,453 the queen has followed for the rest of her life 568 00:33:27,488 --> 00:33:34,046 of closeness between premier and monarch. 569 00:33:34,081 --> 00:33:37,946 -The king also gave Princess Elizabeth an introduction 570 00:33:37,981 --> 00:33:41,088 to dealing with the endless stream of government papers 571 00:33:41,122 --> 00:33:44,298 in the famous red dispatch boxes. 572 00:33:44,332 --> 00:33:47,853 Elizabeth's mother had different priorities. 573 00:33:47,887 --> 00:33:49,682 She was more concerned with developing 574 00:33:49,717 --> 00:33:53,997 her daughter's social skills and confidence. 575 00:33:54,032 --> 00:33:57,069 She had the idea of putting on Christmas pantomimes 576 00:33:57,104 --> 00:33:59,278 to raise money for the war effort. 577 00:34:03,662 --> 00:34:07,079 The splendor of the Waterloo Chamber played host 578 00:34:07,114 --> 00:34:08,598 to members of the public 579 00:34:08,632 --> 00:34:11,877 who came to see a range of traditional pantomimes 580 00:34:11,911 --> 00:34:16,192 performed throughout the war years. 581 00:34:16,226 --> 00:34:18,608 While Hitler was fighting a losing battle 582 00:34:18,642 --> 00:34:22,336 with the Soviet Union in December 1943, 583 00:34:22,370 --> 00:34:24,786 a 17-year-old Princess Elizabeth 584 00:34:24,821 --> 00:34:29,619 was preparing to play the role of Aladdin. 585 00:34:29,653 --> 00:34:32,449 -The girls helped to make some of the costumes. 586 00:34:32,484 --> 00:34:34,279 It was very much a hands-on affair, 587 00:34:34,313 --> 00:34:38,248 but, production-wise, it was big and professional. 588 00:34:58,682 --> 00:35:00,857 Some press members were invited in 589 00:35:00,891 --> 00:35:04,930 and spoke very, very highly of it. 590 00:35:04,964 --> 00:35:07,105 -The Daily Mirror printed a feature 591 00:35:07,139 --> 00:35:09,072 with a photograph of the princesses 592 00:35:09,107 --> 00:35:14,008 described as "the stars of the show." 593 00:35:14,042 --> 00:35:16,942 -To see the princesses dressed as Aladdin and something, 594 00:35:16,976 --> 00:35:18,702 you know, it was lovely. 595 00:35:18,737 --> 00:35:22,913 We used to cut them out andpin them up on our bedroom wall. 596 00:35:22,948 --> 00:35:26,296 I mean, for the children of Great Britain, 597 00:35:26,331 --> 00:35:28,609 the princesses were -- 598 00:35:28,643 --> 00:35:32,613 I always wondered whether they knew how much they meant to us. 599 00:35:34,684 --> 00:35:38,343 -What the pantomimes did do for Princess Elizabeth 600 00:35:38,377 --> 00:35:43,969 was to bring her out of this rather shy character 601 00:35:44,003 --> 00:35:50,251 that she was, and the pantomimesbrought her out of her shell. 602 00:35:50,286 --> 00:35:52,357 -During one performance of "Aladdin," 603 00:35:52,391 --> 00:35:54,082 Princess Elizabeth was pleased 604 00:35:54,117 --> 00:35:58,846 to see a certain young naval officer in the audience. 605 00:35:58,880 --> 00:36:01,814 -Princess Elizabeth andPrince Philip have kept in touch 606 00:36:01,849 --> 00:36:03,299 during the war. 607 00:36:03,333 --> 00:36:07,993 It hasn't stopped him having other girlfriends in between. 608 00:36:08,027 --> 00:36:11,099 But things really turn around 609 00:36:11,134 --> 00:36:15,345 when he spends Christmas at Windsor. 610 00:36:15,380 --> 00:36:20,039 -They'd be spotted out walking hand in hand. 611 00:36:20,074 --> 00:36:22,801 The moment they realized somebody was looking at them, 612 00:36:22,835 --> 00:36:24,837 they separated. 613 00:36:24,872 --> 00:36:29,290 But for Elizabeth, there was just this one man in her life. 614 00:36:29,325 --> 00:36:31,982 -There was one reporter who interviewed him 615 00:36:32,017 --> 00:36:33,950 called Olga Franklin. 616 00:36:33,984 --> 00:36:37,333 She wrote that "I get dizzy looking at him. 617 00:36:37,367 --> 00:36:39,335 His beauty is so dazzling. 618 00:36:39,369 --> 00:36:42,476 People don't look like this in real life, surely. 619 00:36:42,510 --> 00:36:45,996 This Prince Philip is stunning, with hair like gold coin, 620 00:36:46,031 --> 00:36:48,999 only paler, a sort of ash gold, 621 00:36:49,034 --> 00:36:53,521 eyes of deep blue, almost violetin the electric light, 622 00:36:53,556 --> 00:36:55,868 tall, fine-featured, 623 00:36:55,903 --> 00:37:00,770 really a shockingly beautiful figure in naval uniform." 624 00:37:00,804 --> 00:37:06,085 So we have women who are just being bowled over by him still. 625 00:37:08,329 --> 00:37:12,057 And yet it isn't them that he goes for. 626 00:37:12,091 --> 00:37:13,645 It's Princess Elizabeth. 627 00:37:15,785 --> 00:37:17,304 -Her mother was not at all keen 628 00:37:17,338 --> 00:37:21,791 and had a list of eligible young men for her, 629 00:37:21,825 --> 00:37:23,551 and as far as they were concerned, 630 00:37:23,586 --> 00:37:26,347 Philip was a penniless prince of Greece. 631 00:37:26,382 --> 00:37:29,108 And although his bloodlines were very royal, 632 00:37:29,143 --> 00:37:33,665 they didn't consider him a very good prospect. 633 00:37:33,699 --> 00:37:35,874 -But she knew from the very beginning 634 00:37:35,908 --> 00:37:40,706 that she had to have a husband who would help her do her job, 635 00:37:40,741 --> 00:37:46,643 And that was one of the many attractive qualities of Philip 636 00:37:46,678 --> 00:37:50,164 in her eyes. 637 00:37:50,198 --> 00:37:54,306 Philip was ideal, so that side of her life was sorted. 638 00:37:58,966 --> 00:38:01,865 -As the Nazis launched a new series of raids 639 00:38:01,900 --> 00:38:05,835 on Britain's historic towns, the king appointed his daughter 640 00:38:05,869 --> 00:38:08,562 Colonel in Chief of the Grenadier Guards 641 00:38:08,596 --> 00:38:10,736 to mark her 16th birthday. 642 00:38:16,328 --> 00:38:18,054 Elizabeth is the only woman 643 00:38:18,088 --> 00:38:20,332 appointed to this ceremonial role 644 00:38:20,367 --> 00:38:24,612 in one of the oldest regiments in the British army. 645 00:38:24,647 --> 00:38:26,718 -She was pretty nervous, 646 00:38:26,752 --> 00:38:28,927 and she had to walk up and down these ranks 647 00:38:28,961 --> 00:38:32,275 of very, very tall guardsmen 648 00:38:32,310 --> 00:38:34,726 and look as though she'd been doing it all her life, 649 00:38:34,760 --> 00:38:36,072 which, of course, she did 650 00:38:36,106 --> 00:38:40,421 because she hadthat very disciplined character. 651 00:38:40,456 --> 00:38:44,322 -Here she is as colonel of the Grenadier Guards. 652 00:38:44,356 --> 00:38:49,223 What a change from 13 to 16, you know, growing -- 653 00:38:49,257 --> 00:38:52,364 still a little shy, but growing in confidence, 654 00:38:52,399 --> 00:38:56,437 and this parade must have done an enormous amount 655 00:38:56,472 --> 00:39:02,409 for her own personal confidence and morale. 656 00:39:02,443 --> 00:39:04,894 -Hooray! -Hooray! 657 00:39:04,928 --> 00:39:06,344 -Hip, hip, hip! 658 00:39:06,378 --> 00:39:07,414 -Hooray! -Hooray! 659 00:39:07,448 --> 00:39:08,656 -Just four months 660 00:39:08,691 --> 00:39:11,866 after her appointment to the Grenadier Guards, 661 00:39:11,901 --> 00:39:15,249 Princess Elizabeth's much-loved uncle Prince George, 662 00:39:15,283 --> 00:39:19,184 Duke of Kent,was killed in a flying accident. 663 00:39:19,218 --> 00:39:22,049 -We mourn the passing of the king's younger brother, 664 00:39:22,083 --> 00:39:24,914 who lost his life on active service. 665 00:39:24,948 --> 00:39:26,916 The duke, who was an airman in his own right, 666 00:39:26,950 --> 00:39:30,368 had undertaken duties concerningthe welfare of RAF personnel 667 00:39:30,402 --> 00:39:33,612 and was on his way to Iceland when the crash occurred. 668 00:39:33,647 --> 00:39:38,548 -He was flying from Scotland to Iceland, 669 00:39:38,583 --> 00:39:43,726 ostensibly to visit RAF bases. 670 00:39:43,760 --> 00:39:45,624 The flying conditions were not perfect. 671 00:39:45,659 --> 00:39:47,315 There was a mist. 672 00:39:47,350 --> 00:39:51,147 And in those poor flying conditions 673 00:39:51,181 --> 00:39:55,807 thundered into a hillside in Caithness. 674 00:39:55,841 --> 00:40:01,053 And all bar the rear gunner, 675 00:40:01,088 --> 00:40:03,711 including, of course, Prince George, were killed. 676 00:40:05,748 --> 00:40:09,648 -This was the first time in more than 450 years 677 00:40:09,683 --> 00:40:13,618 that a member of the Royal Family died on active service. 678 00:40:15,689 --> 00:40:18,795 Prince George was 39 years old. 679 00:40:18,830 --> 00:40:21,936 He left behind his wife, Princess Marina, 680 00:40:21,971 --> 00:40:23,766 and three young children. 681 00:40:26,389 --> 00:40:30,220 -Every family in the war -- practically every family -- 682 00:40:30,255 --> 00:40:32,395 lost somebody. 683 00:40:32,430 --> 00:40:34,811 From that point of view, that wasn't unusual, 684 00:40:34,846 --> 00:40:36,882 but for the Royal Family, 685 00:40:36,917 --> 00:40:42,094 the loss of George of Kent was just hugely devastating. 686 00:40:46,374 --> 00:40:50,068 -Loss is personal, 687 00:40:50,102 --> 00:40:54,417 and I don't think there is any one way of dealing with it. 688 00:40:54,452 --> 00:40:56,730 Whether -- 689 00:40:56,764 --> 00:41:01,389 There was a different attitude 50, 60, 70 years ago, 690 00:41:01,424 --> 00:41:06,602 and during the war, there was a different kind of stoicism. 691 00:41:06,636 --> 00:41:10,157 I'm sure that would have appliedto the Royal Family themselves. 692 00:41:10,191 --> 00:41:13,574 I think it underlies so much 693 00:41:13,609 --> 00:41:16,404 of what one encounters with the queen today, 694 00:41:16,439 --> 00:41:21,202 with her sense of duty and her sense of stoicism. 695 00:41:25,137 --> 00:41:28,416 -As she grew older, Princess Elizabeth was expected 696 00:41:28,451 --> 00:41:31,385 to take on more and more public duties... 697 00:41:33,801 --> 00:41:36,528 ...from launching ships... 698 00:41:36,563 --> 00:41:38,565 to visiting hospitals... 699 00:41:42,016 --> 00:41:44,502 ...and making speech... 700 00:41:44,536 --> 00:41:47,953 -I shall like first to thank you all very much. 701 00:41:47,988 --> 00:41:48,989 -...after speech. 702 00:41:49,023 --> 00:41:50,369 -I have now much pleasure 703 00:41:50,404 --> 00:41:54,926 in declaring the Aberdeen Sailors Home open. 704 00:41:54,960 --> 00:41:59,309 -And now happily chatting to one line of troops... 705 00:41:59,344 --> 00:42:01,553 after another line of troops. 706 00:42:05,143 --> 00:42:07,870 Princess Elizabeth was growing up. 707 00:42:07,904 --> 00:42:10,562 Very soon, she'd be defending the nation 708 00:42:10,597 --> 00:42:12,599 by serving in the military. 709 00:42:18,121 --> 00:42:22,367 June 1944, Windsor Castle, 710 00:42:22,401 --> 00:42:24,611 and the newsreels were about to reveal 711 00:42:24,645 --> 00:42:26,578 one of the most decisive chapters 712 00:42:26,613 --> 00:42:28,476 of the Second World War. 713 00:42:32,895 --> 00:42:36,795 D-Day saw the largest seaborne invasion in history. 714 00:42:36,830 --> 00:42:38,659 The Allied Army was on its way 715 00:42:38,694 --> 00:42:41,973 to liberate German-occupied France. 716 00:42:59,680 --> 00:43:02,269 Seven days after the Normandy landings, 717 00:43:02,303 --> 00:43:04,374 a strange and terrifying sound 718 00:43:04,409 --> 00:43:07,446 was heard tearing across the London sky. 719 00:43:09,759 --> 00:43:12,072 Then the noise stopped. 720 00:43:20,632 --> 00:43:23,531 This was the first rocket-powered missile, 721 00:43:23,566 --> 00:43:25,603 known as the V-1. 722 00:43:25,637 --> 00:43:28,640 The "V" was for "vengeance." 723 00:43:32,506 --> 00:43:36,130 A second V-1 landed yards from Buckingham Palace 724 00:43:36,165 --> 00:43:39,099 and in the middle of a church service. 725 00:43:39,133 --> 00:43:42,550 -A bomb was dropped on the Guards Chapel, 726 00:43:42,585 --> 00:43:45,623 and there were many servicemen and -women killed 727 00:43:45,657 --> 00:43:47,590 and some civilians, too, 728 00:43:47,625 --> 00:43:50,386 including some friends of the Royal Family. 729 00:43:50,420 --> 00:43:55,149 The Royal Family was simply not immune at all. 730 00:43:55,184 --> 00:43:58,118 -With the V-1, London had been plunged 731 00:43:58,152 --> 00:44:00,914 back into the dark days of the Blitz. 732 00:44:00,948 --> 00:44:03,054 1 million people fled the capital 733 00:44:03,088 --> 00:44:05,194 over the next few months. 734 00:44:08,507 --> 00:44:11,614 10 days after the Guards Chapel bomb, 735 00:44:11,649 --> 00:44:16,170 Princess Elizabeth's motherrevealed her worst fears to her. 736 00:44:16,205 --> 00:44:18,690 -"My darling Lilibet, this is just a note 737 00:44:18,725 --> 00:44:23,315 about one or two things in case I get done in by the Germans. 738 00:44:23,350 --> 00:44:25,593 I think that I've left all my things to be divided 739 00:44:25,628 --> 00:44:27,112 between you and Margaret, 740 00:44:27,147 --> 00:44:30,702 but I am sure you will give her anything suitable later on, 741 00:44:30,737 --> 00:44:33,015 such as Mrs. Greville's pearls, 742 00:44:33,049 --> 00:44:34,982 as you will have the crown ones." 743 00:44:37,329 --> 00:44:40,678 -While Princess Elizabeth's mother feared for her life, 744 00:44:40,712 --> 00:44:44,233 she also worried about the safety of her daughters, 745 00:44:44,267 --> 00:44:46,338 who were still in the care of their governess, 746 00:44:46,373 --> 00:44:48,824 Marion Crawford. 747 00:44:48,858 --> 00:44:53,069 -The princesses were in WindsorGreat Park with the Girl Guides, 748 00:44:53,104 --> 00:44:55,623 and Crawfie was with them. 749 00:44:55,658 --> 00:45:00,421 They suddenly looked up, and there was a V-1 in the air, 750 00:45:00,456 --> 00:45:04,702 and she says it was just like being chased by a robot. 751 00:45:04,736 --> 00:45:07,152 The girls threw themselves on the ground, 752 00:45:07,187 --> 00:45:10,086 and they thought the worst was going to happen. 753 00:45:10,121 --> 00:45:12,710 But, fortunately, the bomb passed overhead 754 00:45:12,744 --> 00:45:17,162 and crashed at Windsor Racecourse, a few miles away. 755 00:45:19,717 --> 00:45:21,615 Crawfie said the girls were really starting 756 00:45:21,649 --> 00:45:25,792 to show signs of strain. 757 00:45:25,826 --> 00:45:29,692 -Nearly 10,000 V-1s were fired on Southeast England 758 00:45:29,727 --> 00:45:32,315 during the summer of 1944, 759 00:45:32,350 --> 00:45:35,353 causing terror and terrible damage. 760 00:45:40,013 --> 00:45:43,257 Now 18, Princess Elizabeth was eager 761 00:45:43,292 --> 00:45:45,846 to take a more active role in the war. 762 00:45:45,881 --> 00:45:49,022 She joined the women's branch of the British army -- 763 00:45:49,056 --> 00:45:53,543 the Auxiliary Territorial Service, or ATS. 764 00:46:01,379 --> 00:46:05,901 Many of the women took on tasks such as operating radar, 765 00:46:05,935 --> 00:46:08,144 assisting military police, 766 00:46:08,179 --> 00:46:11,803 and crewing anti-aircraft guns. 767 00:46:11,838 --> 00:46:15,565 The service wasn't without its risks to the princess. 768 00:46:15,600 --> 00:46:20,398 It suffered 700 casualties in wartime. 769 00:46:20,432 --> 00:46:24,712 -Her father was not at all keen,and he was nervous of really 770 00:46:24,747 --> 00:46:27,301 letting her go anywhere other than Windsor Castle. 771 00:46:27,336 --> 00:46:32,928 So he said, eventually, "You canjoin up and do the course 772 00:46:32,962 --> 00:46:34,826 and learn whatever it is you want to do, 773 00:46:34,861 --> 00:46:36,828 but you've got to come home at night." 774 00:46:42,178 --> 00:46:44,905 -At an MT training center, Princess Elizabeth, 775 00:46:44,940 --> 00:46:46,838 now a second subaltern in the ATS, 776 00:46:46,873 --> 00:46:49,599 has been on a three-weeks course of instruction. 777 00:46:49,634 --> 00:46:53,845 The princess is at the wheel of a 1,500-weight truck in convoy. 778 00:46:53,880 --> 00:46:55,985 Although she drives it with apparent composure, 779 00:46:56,020 --> 00:46:57,538 she had no experience of driving 780 00:46:57,573 --> 00:46:59,333 before she commenced her training. 781 00:46:59,368 --> 00:47:01,888 -She joined the Transport Division, 782 00:47:01,922 --> 00:47:04,649 taking a mechanics' course. 783 00:47:04,683 --> 00:47:06,720 And the queen was known to have said, 784 00:47:06,754 --> 00:47:09,343 "We had spark plugs all the way through dinner." 785 00:47:09,378 --> 00:47:11,276 So it really mattered to her. 786 00:47:14,452 --> 00:47:19,871 -She really enjoyed hertraining, you know, as a driver. 787 00:47:19,906 --> 00:47:23,495 That's just how I felt. I absolutely loved driving. 788 00:47:23,530 --> 00:47:26,257 And she looked so happy to be able to drive. 789 00:47:26,291 --> 00:47:29,639 She was able to be her own self. 790 00:47:29,674 --> 00:47:32,194 Suddenly, women were useful. 791 00:47:32,228 --> 00:47:34,437 You know, they weren't, "Stay at home 792 00:47:34,472 --> 00:47:35,818 and look after the children." 793 00:47:35,853 --> 00:47:37,924 They could do all sorts of things. 794 00:47:37,958 --> 00:47:39,718 They could go into the factories. 795 00:47:39,753 --> 00:47:41,789 They could do war work of different things. 796 00:47:41,824 --> 00:47:44,689 They could join up like I did. 797 00:47:44,723 --> 00:47:46,484 If you were there, and the bombs were falling, 798 00:47:46,518 --> 00:47:48,348 well, there were very few people 799 00:47:48,382 --> 00:47:49,901 that were sort of running around, shrieking. 800 00:47:49,936 --> 00:47:52,835 If they did, they were out of the army pretty quick. 801 00:47:52,870 --> 00:47:55,217 Also, if you happened to get pregnant, 802 00:47:55,251 --> 00:47:57,253 you were out. 803 00:47:59,704 --> 00:48:03,604 -By joining the ATS in March 1945, 804 00:48:03,639 --> 00:48:06,676 Princess Elizabeth became the only female member 805 00:48:06,711 --> 00:48:12,579 of the Royal Family to serve in the armed forces. 806 00:48:12,613 --> 00:48:14,719 -This, of course, was also 807 00:48:14,753 --> 00:48:17,377 something of a morale booster to the nation, 808 00:48:17,411 --> 00:48:20,483 because they could see the king's elder daughter, 809 00:48:20,518 --> 00:48:23,831 Princess Elizabeth, their future sovereign, 810 00:48:23,866 --> 00:48:29,078 doing what others were doing, what everybody else was doing, 811 00:48:29,113 --> 00:48:30,597 playing their part. 812 00:48:30,631 --> 00:48:35,257 No matter how small, playing their part. 813 00:48:35,291 --> 00:48:37,259 -By the time she finished her training, 814 00:48:37,293 --> 00:48:40,124 the war was drawing to a close. 815 00:48:40,158 --> 00:48:42,954 But she'd learnt some valuable lessons. 816 00:48:45,198 --> 00:48:46,854 -Princess Elizabeth, a humanity 817 00:48:46,889 --> 00:48:50,134 that she might have taken longer to discover, 818 00:48:50,168 --> 00:48:54,034 she shared a lot in common with ordinary people 819 00:48:54,069 --> 00:48:58,625 in that she saw their suffering.She knew about it. 820 00:48:58,659 --> 00:49:02,974 She knew that people looked to her as that new generation -- 821 00:49:03,009 --> 00:49:05,011 that new generation of hope. 822 00:49:08,186 --> 00:49:14,089 -Today we give thanks to God. 823 00:49:14,123 --> 00:49:21,751 Germany, the enemy who drove all Europe into war, 824 00:49:21,786 --> 00:49:26,791 has been finally overcome. 825 00:49:36,732 --> 00:49:42,393 -On May 8, 1945, Germany finally surrendered. 826 00:49:44,567 --> 00:49:47,398 Over a million people gathered in Central London 827 00:49:47,432 --> 00:49:51,574 to celebrate Victory in Europe Day. 828 00:49:51,609 --> 00:49:56,545 One small boy was struggling to see the Royal Family. 829 00:49:56,579 --> 00:49:58,961 -I remember some man picked me up and lifted me up 830 00:49:58,996 --> 00:50:01,584 and put me on his shoulders, and I looked. 831 00:50:01,619 --> 00:50:04,311 That was how it was. Everybody was so friendly with everybody. 832 00:50:04,346 --> 00:50:07,073 You can't live in that atmosphere all the time. 833 00:50:07,107 --> 00:50:10,697 But they came onto the balcony, 834 00:50:10,731 --> 00:50:14,977 and the king with his uniform on. 835 00:50:15,012 --> 00:50:18,532 And it went on for hour after hour after hour. 836 00:50:25,436 --> 00:50:27,403 -Elizabeth said to her father, "You know, 837 00:50:27,438 --> 00:50:30,993 could we go out in it, see what's going on?" 838 00:50:31,028 --> 00:50:34,134 It was so exciting. 839 00:50:34,169 --> 00:50:37,206 -She was delighted when the king agreed 840 00:50:37,241 --> 00:50:39,243 that she could go out in the crowd 841 00:50:39,277 --> 00:50:41,728 with Princess Margaret and some friends 842 00:50:41,762 --> 00:50:44,903 and with some officers to keep an eye on them. 843 00:50:44,938 --> 00:50:48,390 She was in her ATS uniform, so she was still dressed up. 844 00:50:48,424 --> 00:50:49,908 And she didn't want to be recognized. 845 00:50:49,943 --> 00:50:53,533 And she tried to pull her cap over her forehead 846 00:50:53,567 --> 00:50:54,879 so that she wouldn't be recognized. 847 00:50:54,913 --> 00:50:57,019 And one of the officers said, 848 00:50:57,054 --> 00:50:58,676 "You know, you can't go like that. 849 00:50:58,710 --> 00:51:00,436 Put your cap back properly." 850 00:51:05,614 --> 00:51:10,895 -This was the one time in her life when she could just be 851 00:51:10,929 --> 00:51:14,761 second subaltern, ordinary, junior commander, ordinary, 852 00:51:14,795 --> 00:51:16,659 Miss Windsor, ordinary. 853 00:51:16,694 --> 00:51:18,454 Dancing down the mound, 854 00:51:18,489 --> 00:51:21,492 dancing their way up Piccadilly,St. James's, 855 00:51:21,526 --> 00:51:22,907 and at one point, 856 00:51:22,941 --> 00:51:26,083 grabbing the cap off the head of a sailor, 857 00:51:26,117 --> 00:51:29,707 who then he was chasing after them to get his cap back. 858 00:51:34,470 --> 00:51:39,510 -The future queen mingled unnoticed among her people. 859 00:51:39,544 --> 00:51:44,584 For once in her life, she was just another face in the crowd. 860 00:51:44,618 --> 00:51:46,482 -She actually described it 861 00:51:46,517 --> 00:51:49,140 as the most exciting night of her life. 862 00:51:53,765 --> 00:51:57,597 -I think that the war made Princess Elizabeth 863 00:51:57,631 --> 00:52:00,531 grow up like it made me grow up. 864 00:52:00,565 --> 00:52:02,429 It really made her. 865 00:52:02,464 --> 00:52:06,192 It made her closer to the people, 866 00:52:06,226 --> 00:52:08,090 who she reigned as subjects. 867 00:52:08,125 --> 00:52:10,023 And it made us closer to her, 868 00:52:10,057 --> 00:52:12,336 because they had been in the war, 869 00:52:12,370 --> 00:52:15,477 and right through the war, they were one of us. 870 00:52:15,511 --> 00:52:17,548 The Royal Family were one of us. 871 00:52:33,011 --> 00:52:36,118 -Two years after the revelers had gone home, 872 00:52:36,153 --> 00:52:40,502 Princess Elizabeth chose the occasion of her 21st birthday 873 00:52:40,536 --> 00:52:45,438 to make a vowto the people of her generation. 874 00:52:45,472 --> 00:52:50,443 -I am thinking especially today of all the young men and women 875 00:52:50,477 --> 00:52:53,653 who were born about the same time as myself 876 00:52:53,687 --> 00:52:55,724 and have grown up, like me, 877 00:52:55,758 --> 00:53:00,970 in terrible and glorious years of the Second World War. 878 00:53:01,005 --> 00:53:05,009 I declare before you all that my whole life, 879 00:53:05,043 --> 00:53:10,221 whether it be long or short,shall be devoted to your service 880 00:53:10,256 --> 00:53:13,742 and to the service of our great imperial family 881 00:53:13,776 --> 00:53:16,296 to which we all belong. 882 00:53:16,331 --> 00:53:19,472 God help me to make good my vow, 883 00:53:19,506 --> 00:53:23,855 and God bless all of you who are willing to share in it.