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<i>NARRATOR:</i>
<i>The great white shark!</i>

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<i>Focus.</i>

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<i>Power.</i>

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<i>Purpose.</i>

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<i>Seals are their usual</i>
<i>prey of choice.</i>

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<i>But what about</i>
<i>something bigger?</i>

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<i>Much bigger.</i>

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<i>South Africa's coast</i>
<i>is shark infested.</i>

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<i>Massive tigers.</i>

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<i>Marauding bulls.</i>

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<i>And gangs of blacktips.</i>

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<i>They're all here.</i>

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<i>It's a predator's playground.</i>

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<i>Roughly two million seals live</i>
<i>at the southern tip of Africa,</i>

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<i>which is why one of the highest</i>
<i>concentrations of great whites</i>

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<i>on the planet</i>
<i>hunt these waters.</i>

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<i>Other giants are here, too.</i>

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<i>It's the beginning of winter</i>
<i>in the Southern Hemisphere.</i>

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<i>Great pods of humpback whales</i>
<i>like this are heading north.</i>

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<i>For four months,</i>

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<i>they fed on nutritious krill</i>
<i>off Antarctica,</i>

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<i>building up blubber reserves</i>
<i>for this journey.</i>

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<i>Over 30,000 humpbacks</i>
<i>make this annual migration.</i>

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<i>Their destination, Mozambique,</i>

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<i>to give birth to their calves</i>
<i>in warm tropical waters.</i>

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<i>The ocean off southern Africa</i>
<i>is too cold for baby whales.</i>

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<i>It's dangerous, too.</i>

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<i>Great white sharks dominate</i>
<i>these southern waters.</i>

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<i>The humpback migration routes</i>

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<i>take them right through</i>
<i>white shark territory.</i>

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<i>So what happens when humpback</i>
<i>whales and white sharks</i>

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<i>run into each other?</i>

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RYAN JOHNSON: Wow.

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Away from the boat, away from
the boat, away from the boat.

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There we go.

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<i>NARRATOR: Ryan Johnson</i>
<i>is a shark scientist</i>

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<i>based in Mossel Bay,</i>
<i>South Africa.</i>

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<i>He's been studying</i>
<i>the white shark population here</i>

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<i>for over 20 years.</i>

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RYAN: Whoa, there we go!

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Oh, she went for it!

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<i>NARRATOR: In February 2017</i>
<i>he was flying his drone</i>

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<i>during a shark survey</i>
<i>when the phone rang.</i>

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RYAN: The phone call came in

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from the National
Sea Rescue Institute

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that they had been alerted that
there was a whale out at sea.

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It looked like it had been
wrapped up in longline.

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<i>NARRATOR: The whale</i>
<i>wasn't moving.</i>

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<i>Was it dead?</i>

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RYAN: And then the whale
breathed and it blew,

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and I realized that
this whale was still alive.

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<i>NARRATOR: Then, Ryan saw</i>
<i>something else.</i>

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<i>A 14-foot great white shark</i>

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<i>headed straight</i>
<i>for the young whale.</i>

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<i>And it did the unexpected.</i>

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<i>It attacked.</i>

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RYAN: I know the science
and I know the literature,

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and I know this has
never been seen before.

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<i>NARRATOR: It bit the tail,</i>

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<i>then it rolled</i>
<i>the weakened whale</i>

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<i>as if trying to drown it.</i>

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<i>This was not some</i>
<i>random meeting.</i>

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<i>It was a methodical attack on</i>
<i>a whale by a great white shark.</i>

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<i>A shark that seemed to know</i>
<i>just what to do.</i>

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<i>Ryan is the first person ever</i>
<i>to witness this shark behavior.</i>

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<i>He played the drone footage</i>
<i>over and over</i>

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<i>and suddenly</i>
<i>recognized the shark.</i>

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<i>He tagged her for research</i>
<i>back in 2012.</i>

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<i>Her name is Helen.</i>

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RYAN: Dorsal fin came up
out of the water,

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and you could clearly see the
satellite tag remnants on her,

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plus that distinctive
dorsal fin.

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Now that she is that shark
that hunted a humpback whale,

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a living humpback whale,
she has sort of marked her place

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in the sharks'
hall of fame forever,

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and she's always gonna be
remembered for that.

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<i>NARRATOR: Ryan had</i>
<i>serious questions.</i>

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<i>Is this shark attack</i>
<i>a one-time-only event,</i>

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<i>or do white sharks</i>
<i>really hunt living whales</i>

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<i>and we just never see it?</i>

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<i>To get some answers,</i>
<i>Ryan decides to dig deeper.</i>

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<i>He sets off to follow</i>

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<i>the 4,000-mile migration route</i>
<i>of the humpbacks.</i>

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<i>Are there specific places where</i>
<i>white sharks ambush the whales?</i>

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<i>Do attacks follow a pattern?</i>

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<i>And why hunt whales at all</i>

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<i>when there are plenty</i>
<i>of seals available?</i>

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<i>Ryan goes back to</i>
<i>what he already knows</i>

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<i>about the great white.</i>

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<i>11 million years of evolution</i>
<i>has made them fast...</i>

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<i>agile...</i>

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<i>...and calculating.</i>

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<i>Most shark species</i>
<i>are cold-blooded</i>

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<i>and have to stay</i>
<i>in warmer waters.</i>

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<i>Great whites are one</i>
<i>of only seven species</i>

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<i>that can raise their</i>
<i>internal body temperature.</i>

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<i>Being warm-blooded, they keep</i>
<i>their edge in cold water,</i>

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<i>which is why no seal is safe</i>

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<i>off the coast</i>
<i>of southern Africa.</i>

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<i>For them, white sharks are</i>
<i>an almost unbeatable foe.</i>

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<i>So, why would white sharks</i>
<i>turn to whales?</i>

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<i>Off the coast of South Africa,</i>

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<i>the sharks have plenty</i>
<i>of seals to eat.</i>

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<i>Resident colonies of Cape fur</i>
<i>seals dot the coastline.</i>

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<i>Half of a seal</i>
<i>is blubber or fat.</i>

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<i>That's what white sharks</i>
<i>are after.</i>

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<i>A white shark's liver is</i>
<i>like a giant fuel tank</i>

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<i>where it stores</i>
<i>the calories from fat.</i>

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<i>Combine enormous energy</i>
<i>reserves with warm blood,</i>

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<i>big teeth, hydrodynamic shape,</i>

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<i>and sharks' super senses,</i>

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<i>and you've got</i>
<i>a feeding machine.</i>

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<i>Spectacular breaches</i>
<i>on seal decoys</i>

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<i>show just how these sharks</i>
<i>have been hunting</i>

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<i>for millions of years.</i>

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<i>They know how to hunt seals.</i>

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<i>So, the question Ryan</i>
<i>really wants to answer is,</i>

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<i>why would they hunt</i>
<i>something much bigger</i>

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<i>and much more dangerous?</i>

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<i>NARRATOR: Ryan begins</i>
<i>his research at Seal Island</i>

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<i>just off Mossel Bay,</i>
<i>South Africa.</i>

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<i>It's a well-known hot spot</i>
<i>where great whites hunt seals,</i>

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<i>and it's just</i>
<i>three and a half miles</i>

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<i>from the site of</i>
<i>the humpback whale attack.</i>

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<i>Seals and humpback whales</i>
<i>are as different</i>

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<i>as they can possibly be.</i>

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<i>What connects them</i>
<i>in a shark's brain?</i>

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<i>It's well-known that their diet</i>
<i>is mostly marine mammals.</i>

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<i>But just how selective</i>
<i>is the great white?</i>

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<i>Ryan runs an experiment</i>

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<i>with two different sized</i>
<i>seal decoys.</i>

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<i>Which one will</i>
<i>the sharks attack?</i>

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RYAN: For me, this experiment
is all about

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that cognition of a shark,
that decision-making process,

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when it weighs up the pros
and cons of attacking a prey.

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Does it go from that
extreme level of success,

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that big reward but high risk,

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or is it going to be
more conservative?

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Because this feeds right
into the decision-making

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Helen had to go through

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when she was faced with a whale
nine, ten times her size.

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She had to be
assessing the risk;

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the chance of her
getting injured;

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the chance that she
would be unsuccessful;

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the chance that her life
as a predator could end.

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<i>NARRATOR:</i>
<i>Do the sharks display</i>

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<i>a simple species preference,</i>

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<i>or is there something more</i>
<i>to their selection?</i>

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RYAN: Make this turn
as tight as you can,

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because there's no swell,

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and we just head right up
the edge of that island.

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Nice one.

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A little shark,
but hit the little decoy,

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hit the little juvenile pup.

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Nice, that's what
we're looking for.

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First breach, number one.

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Baby seal.

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Okay, decoy back in.

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Wow!

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Big shark, big breach!

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That was massive!

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Can you believe it?

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And on a juvenile seal.

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There we go, we thought so!

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Again, small decoy.

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Look, we swapped the small seal
over to this side,

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got the hit on it.

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This is getting conclusive now.

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<i>NARRATOR: Every breach is</i>
<i>on the smaller decoy.</i>

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<i>The small seals are low risk</i>

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<i>and an almost</i>
<i>guaranteed reward.</i>

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<i>The sharks make a clear choice.</i>

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<i>They're very discerning, which</i>
<i>suggests that Helen's attack</i>

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<i>on the humpback whale</i>
<i>was discerning, too.</i>

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<i>At Seal Island,</i>
<i>the pickings are easy,</i>

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<i>but not all hunting grounds</i>
<i>are the same.</i>

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<i>Just how adaptable</i>
<i>are great white sharks</i>

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<i>when conditions are</i>
<i>not in their favor?</i>

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<i>To find out, Ryan moves</i>
<i>from Mossel Bay</i>

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<i>to Robberg Nature Reserve</i>
<i>80 miles east along the coast.</i>

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<i>Just offshore,</i>
<i>the humpbacks are migrating.</i>

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<i>The sharks pay no attention.</i>

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<i>Like at Seal Island,</i>
<i>they're after the pups.</i>

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<i>But the sharks can't ambush</i>
<i>from the deep here;</i>

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<i>the water's too shallow</i>
<i>and clear.</i>

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<i>Then how do they</i>
<i>get the job done?</i>

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<i>They're incredibly adaptable.</i>

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<i>Hiding behind the adults,</i>
<i>pups flounder in the surf.</i>

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<i>Ryan has never before</i>
<i>had the opportunity</i>

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<i>to watch white sharks</i>
<i>tested like this.</i>

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<i>There's no chance of</i>
<i>surprising a seal here.</i>

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<i>A shark patrols the cliff face</i>

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<i>engaging the prey</i>
<i>in plain sight.</i>

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<i>It's looking for</i>
<i>a single small seal.</i>

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<i>But the sharks aren't the only</i>
<i>adaptable species here.</i>

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<i>The larger seals gang up.</i>

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<i>Attack is the best</i>
<i>form of defense.</i>

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<i>But only to a point.</i>

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<i>And the cat-and-mouse game</i>
<i>begins.</i>

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<i>NARRATOR: Ryan Johnson is</i>
<i>at Robberg Nature Reserve</i>

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<i>off the coast of South Africa.</i>

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<i>A hunt is underway.</i>

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<i>Here, conditions</i>
<i>favor the prey.</i>

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<i>So far, it's seals, one;</i>

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<i>white shark, zero.</i>

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<i>But great whites</i>
<i>don't give up easily,</i>

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<i>and they're patient.</i>

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<i>Then, a small seal</i>
<i>separates from the rest.</i>

211
00:18:26.000 --> 00:18:27.760
<i>It's go time.</i>

212
00:18:35.440 --> 00:18:39.560
<i>The shark strike is so quick</i>
<i>the seal is mortally wounded.</i>

213
00:19:13.880 --> 00:19:16.840
<i>Ryan is right beside the shark.</i>

214
00:19:37.640 --> 00:19:41.520
<i>This seal was dozing,</i>
<i>vulnerable.</i>

215
00:19:41.600 --> 00:19:43.480
<i>It paid with its life.</i>

216
00:20:02.320 --> 00:20:04.480
RYAN: I cannot believe
what I just saw!

217
00:20:04.560 --> 00:20:07.760
Holy moly!

218
00:20:07.840 --> 00:20:09.520
Somebody help us up,

219
00:20:09.600 --> 00:20:11.280
it's not good water
to be in at the moment.

220
00:20:11.360 --> 00:20:14.320
Bloomin' heck!

221
00:20:14.400 --> 00:20:16.560
What we just went through.

222
00:20:27.080 --> 00:20:28.320
Damn, Barry.

223
00:20:31.480 --> 00:20:32.840
BARRY SKINSTAD:
It's good to be alive.

224
00:20:32.920 --> 00:20:34.200
RYAN: Wow.

225
00:20:34.280 --> 00:20:37.080
That is something else.

226
00:20:37.160 --> 00:20:38.920
I tell you,
that's something else.

227
00:20:46.040 --> 00:20:47.920
<i>NARRATOR: It's a clear message.</i>

228
00:20:48.000 --> 00:20:50.440
<i>Against the odds,</i>
<i>white sharks are able to pick</i>

229
00:20:50.520 --> 00:20:54.600
<i>the perfect moment and execute.</i>

230
00:20:54.680 --> 00:20:56.520
<i>It's the same ability</i>
<i>Helen used</i>

231
00:20:56.600 --> 00:20:59.760
<i>when she attacked</i>
<i>the humpback whale.</i>

232
00:20:59.840 --> 00:21:02.000
<i>Nothing random about it.</i>

233
00:21:04.000 --> 00:21:08.000
RYAN: How that shark snuck up
and was successful,

234
00:21:08.080 --> 00:21:09.640
one second it was there,

235
00:21:09.720 --> 00:21:15.480
and the next second it was
feeding and thrashing.

236
00:21:18.920 --> 00:21:20.240
Yoh.

237
00:21:20.320 --> 00:21:22.040
You think you've
witnessed it all,

238
00:21:22.120 --> 00:21:24.080
you think you've seen it all,
but you ain't seen nothing

239
00:21:24.160 --> 00:21:27.680
until you've been in the water
with a hunting great white.

240
00:21:33.240 --> 00:21:36.160
<i>NARRATOR: Hunting great whites</i>
<i>have one very subtle ability</i>

241
00:21:36.240 --> 00:21:38.880
<i>over all the others.</i>

242
00:21:38.960 --> 00:21:42.160
<i>They can detect the moment</i>
<i>of maximum vulnerability</i>

243
00:21:42.240 --> 00:21:44.720
<i>and exploit it.</i>

244
00:21:44.800 --> 00:21:49.640
<i>Helen used her intuition when</i>
<i>she went after the big whale,</i>

245
00:21:49.720 --> 00:21:54.400
<i>and she had extra</i>
<i>motivation to do that.</i>

246
00:21:54.480 --> 00:22:00.280
<i>In winter, small seals are</i>
<i>plentiful and easy prey,</i>

247
00:22:00.360 --> 00:22:02.880
<i>but in the spring when</i>
<i>the seals have grown up,</i>

248
00:22:02.960 --> 00:22:06.440
<i>they're more difficult</i>
<i>to catch.</i>

249
00:22:06.520 --> 00:22:09.880
<i>So, the sharks must</i>
<i>adapt their diet.</i>

250
00:22:17.720 --> 00:22:19.880
<i>What would a big great white</i>
<i>risk then</i>

251
00:22:19.960 --> 00:22:23.680
<i>for a bellyful of blubber?</i>

252
00:22:26.000 --> 00:22:28.000
<i>An attack on a whale?</i>

253
00:22:31.920 --> 00:22:33.760
<i>Perhaps.</i>

254
00:22:36.680 --> 00:22:40.240
<i>Over 30,000 humpback whales</i>
<i>migrate through sharky waters</i>

255
00:22:40.320 --> 00:22:43.560
<i>off the coast of South Africa.</i>

256
00:22:43.640 --> 00:22:47.040
<i>They're headed to Mozambique.</i>

257
00:22:47.120 --> 00:22:50.600
<i>Humpbacks are the fifth</i>
<i>largest whale species.</i>

258
00:22:53.720 --> 00:22:59.520
<i>They can reach up to 60 feet</i>
<i>and weigh a staggering 40 tons.</i>

259
00:22:59.600 --> 00:23:01.840
<i>That's three times longer</i>
<i>than the world's largest</i>

260
00:23:01.920 --> 00:23:05.720
<i>great white shark</i>
<i>and 30 times heavier.</i>

261
00:23:09.760 --> 00:23:12.080
<i>The whales are big</i>
<i>and strong enough</i>

262
00:23:12.160 --> 00:23:15.840
<i>to injure or kill</i>
<i>a healthy white shark.</i>

263
00:23:18.280 --> 00:23:22.640
<i>But that blubber jackpot might</i>
<i>be too tempting to pass up.</i>

264
00:23:43.560 --> 00:23:46.720
<i>Now it's midwinter</i>
<i>in the Southern Hemisphere.</i>

265
00:23:49.160 --> 00:23:51.600
<i>This blue wilderness</i>
<i>has many players,</i>

266
00:23:51.680 --> 00:23:53.800
<i>and they're all on the move.</i>

267
00:23:57.560 --> 00:24:00.640
<i>Ryan must keep track of it all.</i>

268
00:24:04.440 --> 00:24:07.320
<i>He's watching the movements</i>
<i>of great whites.</i>

269
00:24:10.880 --> 00:24:14.160
<i>Do they follow the whales</i>
<i>as they move north?</i>

270
00:24:15.800 --> 00:24:18.920
<i>Helen has made</i>
<i>this journey before.</i>

271
00:24:20.440 --> 00:24:22.200
<i>In the winter of 2016,</i>

272
00:24:22.280 --> 00:24:25.720
<i>she was tracked all the way</i>
<i>to Mozambique.</i>

273
00:24:25.800 --> 00:24:28.000
<i>That's where the whales</i>
<i>go every year</i>

274
00:24:28.080 --> 00:24:30.960
<i>to breed the next</i>
<i>generation of humpbacks.</i>

275
00:24:33.760 --> 00:24:37.680
<i>Was Helen waiting for them?</i>

276
00:24:37.760 --> 00:24:39.320
<i>Ryan's searching hard</i>
<i>for evidence</i>

277
00:24:39.400 --> 00:24:43.680
<i>of white shark and</i>
<i>humpback interaction,</i>

278
00:24:43.760 --> 00:24:46.000
<i>and that Helen's attack</i>
<i>on the humpback whale</i>

279
00:24:46.080 --> 00:24:49.520
<i>was anything but random.</i>

280
00:24:56.480 --> 00:24:58.040
<i>During this time of year,</i>

281
00:24:58.120 --> 00:25:01.560
<i>there's a great gathering</i>
<i>of marine species.</i>

282
00:25:05.560 --> 00:25:09.280
<i>A vast run of sardines</i>
<i>headed in the same direction.</i>

283
00:25:24.520 --> 00:25:29.680
<i>It's one of the ocean's</i>
<i>greatest feeding events</i>

284
00:25:29.760 --> 00:25:32.720
<i>and lures predators</i>
<i>of all kinds.</i>

285
00:25:34.960 --> 00:25:38.440
<i>Dolphins, gannets, seals,</i>

286
00:25:38.520 --> 00:25:42.160
<i>thousands of sharks</i>
<i>and hundreds of whales.</i>

287
00:25:47.320 --> 00:25:52.440
<i>Ryan looks for whales</i>
<i>with bite marks or wounds;</i>

288
00:25:52.520 --> 00:25:55.240
<i>hard evidence of shark attacks.</i>

289
00:25:59.440 --> 00:26:01.560
<i>These are Bryde's whales.</i>

290
00:26:01.640 --> 00:26:04.000
<i>They're here to feed.</i>

291
00:26:15.320 --> 00:26:17.480
<i>But the humpbacks</i>
<i>don't join in.</i>

292
00:26:17.560 --> 00:26:20.760
<i>They simply keep going.</i>

293
00:26:20.840 --> 00:26:23.800
<i>Do they get ambushed</i>
<i>as they go by?</i>

294
00:26:25.880 --> 00:26:30.560
<i>Finding scars or wounds</i>
<i>might mean yes.</i>

295
00:26:30.640 --> 00:26:33.800
RYAN: So, we've just come across
our first resting humpback.

296
00:26:33.880 --> 00:26:35.880
This is a good chance to
get in and start looking

297
00:26:35.960 --> 00:26:39.520
for shark bites and shark wounds
on these humpbacks.

298
00:26:39.600 --> 00:26:41.240
Oh, there's,
a shark just jumped.

299
00:26:41.320 --> 00:26:44.600
See that?
A shark just jumped. Nice!

300
00:26:46.800 --> 00:26:49.160
And what I'm hoping to get
is to look for some scars,

301
00:26:49.240 --> 00:26:51.680
some evidence of shark bites,

302
00:26:51.760 --> 00:26:54.400
and then we know that it's
possibly a more common behavior

303
00:26:54.480 --> 00:26:57.360
than we first expected.

304
00:26:57.440 --> 00:26:59.320
Wow, look at that, okay.

305
00:27:12.600 --> 00:27:14.440
<i>NARRATOR: The whale</i>
<i>is pec-slapping,</i>

306
00:27:14.520 --> 00:27:16.600
<i>slapping its pectoral fin</i>
<i>on the surface</i>

307
00:27:16.680 --> 00:27:19.760
<i>signaling to other</i>
<i>whales nearby.</i>

308
00:27:22.600 --> 00:27:25.240
<i>Ryan must be careful.</i>

309
00:27:40.480 --> 00:27:45.000
<i>He didn't see any bite marks,</i>

310
00:27:45.080 --> 00:27:48.040
<i>but he has seen</i>
<i>footage of a subadult</i>

311
00:27:48.120 --> 00:27:51.960
<i>badly bitten...</i>

312
00:27:52.040 --> 00:27:55.560
<i>and badly bitten</i>
<i>by a mob of sharks.</i>

313
00:28:09.000 --> 00:28:11.400
<i>NARRATOR: This young humpback</i>
<i>is the victim</i>

314
00:28:11.480 --> 00:28:13.800
<i>of a shark attack.</i>

315
00:28:13.880 --> 00:28:16.960
<i>The rare footage shows</i>
<i>open wounds made by sharks</i>

316
00:28:17.040 --> 00:28:20.120
<i>trying to get at the blubber</i>
<i>beneath the skin.</i>

317
00:28:23.400 --> 00:28:26.440
<i>But the bites are too small</i>
<i>for a great white.</i>

318
00:28:28.760 --> 00:28:34.680
<i>And with so many bites, it must</i>
<i>have been a shiver of sharks.</i>

319
00:28:34.760 --> 00:28:37.920
<i>Likely duskies chasing</i>
<i>the sardine run.</i>

320
00:28:42.160 --> 00:28:46.800
<i>Dusky sharks don't work alone.</i>

321
00:28:46.880 --> 00:28:50.200
<i>Could a school of them</i>
<i>take down a whale?</i>

322
00:28:57.240 --> 00:29:00.040
<i>This evidence suggests</i>
<i>that they tried.</i>

323
00:29:05.200 --> 00:29:08.080
<i>Yet somehow this young whale</i>
<i>escaped with its life</i>

324
00:29:08.160 --> 00:29:09.960
<i>and kept going.</i>

325
00:29:22.560 --> 00:29:27.400
<i>The migrating humpbacks have</i>
<i>only one objective now:</i>

326
00:29:27.480 --> 00:29:30.200
<i>the safehouse of Mozambique.</i>

327
00:29:32.520 --> 00:29:35.480
<i>It's a whale birthing paradise</i>

328
00:29:35.560 --> 00:29:39.080
<i>far from the usual hunting</i>
<i>grounds of great white sharks.</i>

329
00:29:41.440 --> 00:29:46.000
<i>Vulnerable baby whales can</i>
<i>nurse, grow and gain strength.</i>

330
00:29:50.960 --> 00:29:56.240
<i>The adults have traveled</i>
<i>4,000 miles to safety.</i>

331
00:29:56.320 --> 00:29:58.840
<i>The warm water</i>
<i>and lack of predators</i>

332
00:29:58.920 --> 00:30:03.160
<i>give their species</i>
<i>the best chance of survival.</i>

333
00:30:09.080 --> 00:30:12.640
<i>It's a magical time.</i>

334
00:30:12.720 --> 00:30:15.800
<i>The whales spend up to</i>
<i>four months mating, birthing,</i>

335
00:30:15.880 --> 00:30:17.760
<i>and nursing their young.</i>

336
00:30:42.440 --> 00:30:47.480
<i>This is their time</i>
<i>to bond and interact.</i>

337
00:30:52.520 --> 00:30:54.520
<i>But these adult whales</i>
<i>have not eaten</i>

338
00:30:54.600 --> 00:30:57.800
<i>since they left Antarctica</i>
<i>months ago.</i>

339
00:31:00.080 --> 00:31:05.080
<i>Their strength</i>
<i>diminishes each day,</i>

340
00:31:05.160 --> 00:31:09.200
<i>and the time is coming when</i>
<i>all of them, adults and calves,</i>

341
00:31:09.280 --> 00:31:11.480
<i>will have to swim</i>
<i>the 4,000 miles</i>

342
00:31:11.560 --> 00:31:14.200
<i>back to Antarctica to feed.</i>

343
00:31:17.240 --> 00:31:19.520
RYAN: After four months
up at Mozambique,

344
00:31:19.600 --> 00:31:21.600
they start this
return migration down,

345
00:31:21.680 --> 00:31:23.360
and that's when it's going
to get really interesting,

346
00:31:23.440 --> 00:31:25.720
'cause at that stage you're
going to have these weak whales,

347
00:31:25.800 --> 00:31:27.920
these whales that haven't fed up
enough that have been starved

348
00:31:28.000 --> 00:31:29.800
for the last
four or five months.

349
00:31:29.880 --> 00:31:32.520
And as they go down,
they're gonna be the ones

350
00:31:32.600 --> 00:31:36.640
that I think are really
vulnerable to attack by sharks.

351
00:31:42.520 --> 00:31:47.440
<i>NARRATOR: Now it's springtime,</i>

352
00:31:47.520 --> 00:31:50.280
<i>and the humpback whales</i>
<i>begin the journey south,</i>

353
00:31:50.360 --> 00:31:53.960
<i>back to Antarctica.</i>

354
00:31:59.280 --> 00:32:01.480
<i>Everything works against them.</i>

355
00:32:08.280 --> 00:32:10.920
<i>New mothers dig into</i>
<i>precious energy reserves</i>

356
00:32:11.000 --> 00:32:15.120
<i>to produce 100 pounds</i>
<i>of milk a day.</i>

357
00:32:15.200 --> 00:32:16.920
RYAN: So, look at this.

358
00:32:17.000 --> 00:32:20.400
You can see that utter, utter
commitment of these whales

359
00:32:20.480 --> 00:32:22.680
to get back to Antarctica.

360
00:32:22.760 --> 00:32:25.200
She's been up at Mozambique
for the last three, four months

361
00:32:25.280 --> 00:32:27.800
feeding that baby,
getting its blubber layer up,

362
00:32:27.880 --> 00:32:30.360
getting it ready for those
cold waters of Antarctica.

363
00:32:30.440 --> 00:32:32.120
And now she's got one mission,

364
00:32:32.200 --> 00:32:34.480
and that's to get down
past South Africa,

365
00:32:34.560 --> 00:32:38.600
across to Antarctica
and get back to the food.

366
00:32:38.680 --> 00:32:40.520
You know, you look at
this coastline,

367
00:32:40.600 --> 00:32:42.680
and it looks pristine,
it looks beautiful,

368
00:32:42.760 --> 00:32:46.120
but what is hidden is
the amount of perils

369
00:32:46.200 --> 00:32:47.720
that these whales face.

370
00:32:47.800 --> 00:32:49.800
There's shipping lanes here,
there's nets,

371
00:32:49.880 --> 00:32:52.960
there's longliners, there's
shark bather protection nets.

372
00:32:53.040 --> 00:32:54.760
And it's when
they get entangled,

373
00:32:54.840 --> 00:32:57.000
it's when they get weakened,
it's when they get isolated

374
00:32:57.080 --> 00:33:01.120
from each other that they become
vulnerable to shark attacks.

375
00:33:05.720 --> 00:33:07.640
<i>NARRATOR: Helen's attack</i>
<i>on a humpback happened</i>

376
00:33:07.720 --> 00:33:11.840
<i>at the end of summer during</i>
<i>this return trip to Antarctica.</i>

377
00:33:14.640 --> 00:33:16.520
<i>The whale she attacked</i>
<i>was tangled up</i>

378
00:33:16.600 --> 00:33:19.200
<i>in heavy fishing line</i>

379
00:33:19.280 --> 00:33:21.600
<i>and all alone.</i>

380
00:33:24.320 --> 00:33:27.360
<i>Humpback whales have</i>
<i>close family bonds,</i>

381
00:33:27.440 --> 00:33:30.480
<i>but the safety of the pod</i>
<i>comes first.</i>

382
00:33:32.520 --> 00:33:35.240
<i>Stragglers are left behind.</i>

383
00:33:38.400 --> 00:33:39.600
<i>This humpback was still</i>

384
00:33:39.680 --> 00:33:43.400
<i>2,000 miles from Antarctica.</i>

385
00:33:43.480 --> 00:33:47.400
<i>It was weak and vulnerable;</i>

386
00:33:47.480 --> 00:33:52.120
<i>everything a white shark</i>
<i>looks for in a victim.</i>

387
00:33:52.200 --> 00:33:56.440
<i>Worst of all, it was alone</i>
<i>in white shark territory.</i>

388
00:34:05.440 --> 00:34:07.840
<i>NARRATOR: The grueling</i>
<i>migration back to Antarctica</i>

389
00:34:07.920 --> 00:34:09.920
<i>can be fatal to whales.</i>

390
00:34:15.360 --> 00:34:20.680
<i>Some are too old,</i>
<i>too weak or just unlucky.</i>

391
00:34:22.760 --> 00:34:26.960
<i>When a whale dies, it's like</i>
<i>a dinner bell for sharks.</i>

392
00:34:48.360 --> 00:34:51.360
<i>They didn't kill it,</i>

393
00:34:51.440 --> 00:34:53.840
<i>but that doesn't matter.</i>

394
00:35:01.400 --> 00:35:04.280
<i>Whale blubber is pure fat.</i>

395
00:35:07.880 --> 00:35:10.320
<i>Sharks convert</i>
<i>the fat to energy,</i>

396
00:35:10.400 --> 00:35:13.040
<i>which they store in</i>
<i>their massive livers.</i>

397
00:35:16.200 --> 00:35:21.320
<i>They'd have to kill 200 seals</i>
<i>to get the same energy boost.</i>

398
00:35:47.000 --> 00:35:49.320
<i>Of course, sharks</i>
<i>scavenging dead whales</i>

399
00:35:49.400 --> 00:35:51.360
<i>is not new to science.</i>

400
00:35:54.360 --> 00:35:58.680
<i>But a great white attacking</i>
<i>a living whale is new.</i>

401
00:36:07.200 --> 00:36:11.080
<i>Just what would a shark do</i>
<i>for a mouthful of whale?</i>

402
00:36:14.240 --> 00:36:16.520
<i>If the right opportunity</i>
<i>came along,</i>

403
00:36:16.600 --> 00:36:19.960
<i>would they go in for the kill?</i>

404
00:36:20.040 --> 00:36:23.280
<i>Killing a live whale</i>
<i>is vastly different</i>

405
00:36:23.360 --> 00:36:26.760
<i>to scavenging a carcass.</i>

406
00:36:26.840 --> 00:36:30.360
RYAN: And what struck me
was just how patient,

407
00:36:30.440 --> 00:36:33.680
just how strategic Helen was

408
00:36:33.760 --> 00:36:36.160
when she was going
about this attack.

409
00:36:36.240 --> 00:36:38.240
She wasn't trying to eat,
she was trying to weaken,

410
00:36:38.320 --> 00:36:40.160
she was trying to slow down.

411
00:36:40.240 --> 00:36:43.680
She was trying to slowly
overcome this whale

412
00:36:43.760 --> 00:36:47.000
before even considering
feeding on it.

413
00:36:49.680 --> 00:36:51.080
<i>NARRATOR: To do that,</i>

414
00:36:51.160 --> 00:36:54.320
<i>Helen attacked</i>
<i>the whale's tail first.</i>

415
00:37:11.560 --> 00:37:15.080
<i>A washed-up carcass reveals</i>
<i>just how difficult it is</i>

416
00:37:15.160 --> 00:37:19.160
<i>for a shark to get</i>
<i>the better of a whale.</i>

417
00:37:19.240 --> 00:37:21.560
RYAN: This tail is one
of the main power forces

418
00:37:21.640 --> 00:37:23.440
for any humpback whale.

419
00:37:23.520 --> 00:37:27.200
It can literally propel one
of the whales, a 40-ton whale,

420
00:37:27.280 --> 00:37:29.520
18 meters out of the water.

421
00:37:29.600 --> 00:37:32.160
So, even for the biggest,
strongest great white shark,

422
00:37:32.240 --> 00:37:34.080
if it took a knock
by one of these,

423
00:37:34.160 --> 00:37:37.400
it's tickets for the shark.

424
00:37:37.480 --> 00:37:39.840
What was clear was
on that weak whale,

425
00:37:39.920 --> 00:37:41.400
the first place
the great white targeted

426
00:37:41.480 --> 00:37:44.120
was right here on the tail,
on the keel.

427
00:37:44.200 --> 00:37:47.680
And the idea is, and I reckon
if I cut in here, we'll see it,

428
00:37:47.760 --> 00:37:49.920
is that these big veins
that go here,

429
00:37:50.000 --> 00:37:52.120
supplying energy to this muscle.

430
00:37:52.200 --> 00:37:54.280
With the white shark targeting
this area here,

431
00:37:54.360 --> 00:37:58.520
essentially what it could do
was open up a vein,

432
00:37:58.600 --> 00:38:01.080
let the whale bleed out and then
when it was very, very weak,

433
00:38:01.160 --> 00:38:06.600
almost dead, target it and
actually try to go and kill it.

434
00:38:06.680 --> 00:38:09.920
<i>NARRATOR: This is exactly</i>
<i>what Helen does.</i>

435
00:38:24.840 --> 00:38:31.120
<i>She bites the whale's tail</i>
<i>again and again.</i>

436
00:38:40.240 --> 00:38:44.160
<i>Eventually blood</i>
<i>begins to pour out.</i>

437
00:38:51.840 --> 00:38:56.680
<i>Then, as the whale</i>
<i>grows weaker,</i>

438
00:38:56.760 --> 00:39:02.600
<i>Helen does something no one has</i>
<i>ever seen a shark do before.</i>

439
00:39:07.080 --> 00:39:08.760
<i>NARRATOR: For the first time</i>
<i>in shark science,</i>

440
00:39:08.840 --> 00:39:12.720
<i>Ryan witnesses a single white</i>
<i>shark killing a humpback whale.</i>

441
00:39:18.160 --> 00:39:22.680
<i>The whale is tangled up in</i>
<i>fishing line, weak and alone.</i>

442
00:39:24.720 --> 00:39:29.080
<i>White sharks are experts</i>
<i>at assessing vulnerability.</i>

443
00:39:32.120 --> 00:39:36.080
<i>The young humpback has been</i>
<i>left behind by the pod.</i>

444
00:39:43.160 --> 00:39:46.160
<i>There's no escape.</i>

445
00:39:46.240 --> 00:39:48.800
RYAN: Was Helen cognizant
of this? Most likely.

446
00:39:48.880 --> 00:39:50.320
And it begs the question,

447
00:39:50.400 --> 00:39:53.080
would this attack even
have been contemplated

448
00:39:53.160 --> 00:39:54.480
if this whale was
at full strength?

449
00:39:54.560 --> 00:39:58.080
And I think probably not.

450
00:39:58.160 --> 00:39:59.920
<i>NARRATOR: Helen uses</i>
<i>the same strategy</i>

451
00:40:00.000 --> 00:40:03.120
<i>white sharks use</i>
<i>when hunting seals.</i>

452
00:40:07.480 --> 00:40:09.480
<i>She's watchful and patient,</i>

453
00:40:09.560 --> 00:40:12.880
<i>assessing the whale's strength</i>
<i>and ability to resist.</i>

454
00:40:18.800 --> 00:40:22.040
<i>The whale's life</i>
<i>slowly bleeds away.</i>

455
00:40:26.520 --> 00:40:29.360
<i>Helen patiently waits.</i>

456
00:40:32.920 --> 00:40:36.320
<i>It's typical great white</i>
<i>hunting behavior,</i>

457
00:40:36.400 --> 00:40:38.360
<i>but adapted for a whale.</i>

458
00:40:40.680 --> 00:40:45.920
<i>Helen waits until the whale</i>
<i>is most vulnerable.</i>

459
00:40:46.000 --> 00:40:49.800
<i>Her shark sense tells her</i>
<i>when that moment has come.</i>

460
00:40:53.960 --> 00:40:55.560
RYAN: So then she changed
her entire strategy

461
00:40:55.640 --> 00:40:58.080
and started focusing
on the head.

462
00:40:58.160 --> 00:40:59.800
Basically, like
this shark had done,

463
00:40:59.880 --> 00:41:02.960
she grips onto this and she
essentially puts all her weight,

464
00:41:03.040 --> 00:41:06.480
taking the head
of the whale down.

465
00:41:08.000 --> 00:41:10.200
<i>NARRATOR: She uses</i>
<i>the weight of her body</i>

466
00:41:10.280 --> 00:41:13.440
<i>to shove the whale's head</i>
<i>underwater.</i>

467
00:41:20.400 --> 00:41:23.960
<i>Her goal is to drown it.</i>

468
00:41:37.520 --> 00:41:40.080
<i>The great white is methodical.</i>

469
00:41:40.160 --> 00:41:42.920
<i>She knows just what to do.</i>

470
00:41:55.160 --> 00:41:56.800
RYAN: And there is
a chance that Helen,

471
00:41:56.880 --> 00:41:59.000
the shark that
attacked this whale,

472
00:41:59.080 --> 00:42:00.720
has in fact learned
this behavior,

473
00:42:00.800 --> 00:42:02.800
and it is unique to her.

474
00:42:02.880 --> 00:42:04.960
But on the other hand,
it could have been

475
00:42:05.040 --> 00:42:06.880
that it's just
a very common behavior,

476
00:42:06.960 --> 00:42:09.400
that for some reason
scientists around the world

477
00:42:09.480 --> 00:42:12.240
have not been able
to observe before.

478
00:42:12.320 --> 00:42:15.280
<i>NARRATOR: When Ryan compiles</i>
<i>this video evidence together</i>

479
00:42:15.360 --> 00:42:18.480
<i>with the footage of Helen's</i>
<i>methodical expert attack,</i>

480
00:42:18.560 --> 00:42:22.560
<i>he arrives at just</i>
<i>one conclusion.</i>

481
00:42:22.640 --> 00:42:24.960
<i>White sharks are</i>
<i>going after whales</i>

482
00:42:25.040 --> 00:42:27.080
<i>more often than we think.</i>

483
00:42:44.960 --> 00:42:49.000
<i>After 50 minutes of patient,</i>
<i>persistent effort,</i>

484
00:42:49.080 --> 00:42:51.640
<i>the whale draws its last breath</i>

485
00:42:51.720 --> 00:42:54.680
<i>and Helen succeeds</i>
<i>in drowning it.</i>

486
00:43:16.200 --> 00:43:17.960
RYAN: Filming it and
actually documenting,

487
00:43:18.040 --> 00:43:22.280
you get conclusive evidence
that great white sharks

488
00:43:22.360 --> 00:43:24.800
can in fact predate
and hunt on whales,

489
00:43:24.880 --> 00:43:27.000
and that's brand new to science.

490
00:43:27.080 --> 00:43:29.920
It's never been seen before,
never been documented before,

491
00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:33.440
and it opens up an entirely
new avenue of research.

492
00:43:35.720 --> 00:43:37.480
<i>NARRATOR:</i>
<i>Helen, the white shark,</i>

493
00:43:37.560 --> 00:43:42.080
<i>found vulnerability</i>
<i>and opportunity.</i>

494
00:43:42.160 --> 00:43:45.840
<i>She calculated the risks,</i>
<i>successfully took down</i>

495
00:43:45.920 --> 00:43:50.120
<i>not a seal, but a whale,</i>
<i>and ate her reward.</i>

496
00:43:52.280 --> 00:43:55.360
<i>Great white sharks are among</i>
<i>the most lethal and effective</i>

497
00:43:55.440 --> 00:43:58.920
<i>apex predators on the planet,</i>

498
00:43:59.000 --> 00:44:01.960
<i>and Helen is likely not</i>
<i>the only whale hunter</i>

499
00:44:02.040 --> 00:44:03.680
<i>on this coast.</i>

500
00:44:07.520 --> 00:44:09.520
Captioned by
Side Door Media Services