WEBVTT FILE

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Downloaded from
YTS.MX

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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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<i>[gentle music]</i>

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♪ ♪

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‐ Eight scientists are about
to be sealed

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in an eight‐story
airtight terrarium.

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‐ Shelley Taylor Morgan
is standing by at the site

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at Oracle, Arizona.
Hi, Shelley.

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‐ Morning.

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What you're seeing here
is the doorway

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that the eight Biospherians
are going to walk into

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and be sealed into
for two years.

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‐ Two years.

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‐ The futuristic‐looking steel
and glass structure

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is touted
as an environmental laboratory

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and prototype
for colonies in space.

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‐ They'll spend two years
in their prefab paradise

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trying to support themselves

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so that the rest of us
can learn

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what it would be like
if we had to move

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into a portable world
on another planet.

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‐ Its designers say
it's science.

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Its detractors say
it's a tourist attraction

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run by questionable characters.

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♪ ♪

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‐ It's starting to happen,
as you can see.

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There they are...

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‐ There they go.
‐ Saying goodbye.

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Doesn't this feel like
they're going to the Moon?

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‐ Well, I mean, yeah,
I'm expecting

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a blast‐off or something.
[laughs]

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No, it is. I'm getting chills
as we sit here and watch this,

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because it is really‐‐
‐ It really is.

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‐ You know, we may look back
upon this in a number of years

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and say
that was where it all began.

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[warm music]

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♪ ♪

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‐ The experimenter enters
the experiment

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in the grand tradition.

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‐ This is an incredible moment.
The future is here.

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♪ ♪

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[gentle music]

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♪ ♪

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‐ It started in San Francisco.

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♪ ♪

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I was 17.

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I was on my way
to a rehearsal,

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locked the door
of the apartment,

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and there was an older man
locking the door

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of his apartment
just next door.

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♪ ♪

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I'd never seen this man.

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He said, "What are you doing?"

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and I pulled out this book,
and I said,

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"Well, actually, I want to do
what's in this book."

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He said, "What's that?"

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so I described

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this slim novella
called "Mount Analogue"

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by a French writer.

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His name is Rene Daumal.

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"Mount Analogue"
is about a group of people

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who decided to land
on an island

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that didn't exist on any map,
and I loved this book,

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and I wanted to do
what those people did.

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He said, "Forget the book.
That's what I'm going to do."

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I said, "Well, as long
as there's theater and dance."

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He said, "Okay."

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And this was John Allen.

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That night, he said he was
calling all of his friends

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in New Mexico
to come to San Francisco,

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so a number of us moved in
together on my 18th birthday.

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‐ I had left New England
because I didn't want

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to get married in New England

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and be
the typical New England wife,

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have typical New England kids,
and live that lifestyle.

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Wonderful people,
but I didn't‐‐that wasn't me.

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I was waiting to figure out
what the heck I was gonna do,

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and I was desperate,
I was panicking.

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John Allen called me up
and said,

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"Get your butt here quick.

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This is where
it's happening planetarily."

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‐ There was a coworker that
I had at Lawrence Laboratory

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who said, "Well, go check out
John Allen in San Francisco."

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1967 in San Francisco,
there was all this, you know,

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people doing things
together in groups,

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and that was interesting
to me, so I went.

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["Something In The Air"
by Thunderclap Newman]

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♪ ♪

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‐ People were doing all sorts
of things at that time.

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‐ ♪ Call out ♪

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‐ There were a lot of people

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starting collectives,
communes,

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and we wanted to last,

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so we didn't take drugs.
That would kind of blow it.

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‐ ♪ Sooner or later ♪

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♪ Because
the revolution's here ♪

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‐ If one wants to make
a contribution to history,

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you notice those moments
of opening,

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and that's when you act.

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♪ ♪

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‐ ♪ And you know
that it's right ♪

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‐ We sat down
in the living room.

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What is it
that we're going to do?

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Well, we could do theater,
we could do art,

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we could do business, we could
do science, we could do‐‐

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and then somebody said,
"Let's do all of it."

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Okay.

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[string music]

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♪ ♪

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‐ We set up the Theater
of All Possibilities.

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That was our first project
together.

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♪ ♪

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‐ The theater engages
the entire organism,

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movement, thought, emotion.

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It gives you insights
into yourself,

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building a foundation
from which we could go on

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and do other projects.

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♪ ♪

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‐ I wanted to document
what we were doing.

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It was history.
It was important.

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So I taught myself
16mm filmmaking.

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I did a lot of handheld,
shaky‐‐

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well, I was forced to have

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a certain kind of a style
as a filmmaker,

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because of lack of funds,
and lack of knowledge also.

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♪ ♪

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I loved to get
close‐ups and faces.

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You know, it was like
you're catching

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the essence of a person.

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♪ ♪

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‐ I'd met very charismatic
people before,

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I'd met geniuses before,

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but there's no one
like John Allen.

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It was a feeling
of rightness that, yes,

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this is what I want to do.
This is a person

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I want to go on this voyage
into the unknown with.

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I love him.
I love him.

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I still love him.

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I wouldn't say it was a‐‐
yes, it was a relationship.

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Yeah, it was a very particular
kind of relationship

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which was based on friendship.

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‐ He's 12 years older
than I am,

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and we did have
a relationship,

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extremely platonic
in kind of a strange way.

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But, you know,
I was very fond of him,

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and I guess he was fond of me,

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and then suddenly,
he asked me to marry him.

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Oh, okay.
[laughs]

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That sounds good.
Yeah, so anyway, I did.

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When we got married,
it wasn't

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for the normal sort
of married life type of thing.

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It was‐‐we were married
to make a project.

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[ethereal music]

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♪ ♪

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‐ Being born in Oklahoma,
in those days,

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Oklahoma was still
a frontier state.

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Frontiers are very uncertain.
That's by definition, right?

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A frontier is where two
or more cultures

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are interfacing
with each other,

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and so it is dramatic, always.
What is gonna happen?

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♪ ♪

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I worked
at a meatpacking plant

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and did union organizing,
worked as a metallurgist,

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was in the US Army Corps
of Engineers,

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got an MBA at Harvard,

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and I wandered around,

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thinking about what I wanted
to do.

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I knew that would have
to be something unusual.

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[andante music]

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I was fundamentally interested
in transformation

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of where we're ordinarily at,

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of what the human potential
could be.

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♪ ♪

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‐ I think we'd had it
with San Francisco.

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The scene there became
corrupted by commercialism.

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♪ ♪

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We just decided we wanted
to have our own place.

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♪ ♪

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We found a beautiful piece
of land

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that wouldn't cost much,

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and where we could
build a ranch.

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♪ ♪

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We called ourself Synergists.

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♪ ♪

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‐ We needed to become
more directly connected

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with growing food
and not just being consumers.

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♪ ♪

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We were workaholics,

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running the ranch
and the theater.

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♪ ♪

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‐ Johnny was
a very good leader,

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and he instilled that.

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If you feel that you've been
given permission to go do

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any kind of a task,

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no matter‐‐almost no matter
what it is, you'll do it.

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[soft vocal music]

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♪ ♪

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‐ Our group was inspired

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by a lot
of different thinkers.

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♪ ♪

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The "Whole Earth Catalog,"

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that beautiful cover looking
at the planet as a whole.

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That was really thrilling.

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The works
of William S. Burroughs.

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He was seeing
that there was a countdown

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to ecological disaster,

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themes that we were
interested in.

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♪ ♪

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We'd read "Spaceship Earth"
by Buckminster Fuller.

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‐ Bucky Fuller had pioneered
the idea of a geodesic dome.

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00:13:07.287 --> 00:13:11.057
I was handed the task
to build one.

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♪ ♪

213
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This is a way of learning
by doing,

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to be pushed to the limits
of your skills.

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♪ ♪

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The dome symbolized the unity

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that reflected
the values of the ranch.

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‐ The struts of a ball have
tremendous strength together,

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but individually,

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they don't have that kind
of cohesive strength.

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♪ ♪

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That's how we worked.

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The whole is greater
than the sum of its parts.

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♪ ♪

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[spacey music]

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♪ ♪

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00:14:00.206 --> 00:14:03.009
[laughter]

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00:14:03.043 --> 00:14:05.912
[indistinct chatter
and noises]

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00:14:05.946 --> 00:14:12.886
♪ ♪

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‐ It was October 1969
that I arrived at the ranch.

231
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They happened, in fact,

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to be in the middle
of a theater rehearsal.

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The door burst through,
and 20 to 25 people

234
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with really high energy
entered the room.

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It was kind of like
a good omen.

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It was like I'm stepping
into something totally new.

237
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I was born in Brooklyn,
Flatbush,

238
00:14:55.228 --> 00:14:58.431
so I'm quite a New York kid.

239
00:14:58.464 --> 00:15:01.001
I worked as a taxi driver.

240
00:15:01.034 --> 00:15:03.504
I was a proofreader
at Time Life Books.

241
00:15:03.537 --> 00:15:05.672
I was a court reporter
for a while.

242
00:15:05.706 --> 00:15:08.108
Oh, and a social worker.

243
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I really was looking
for something different.

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♪ ♪

245
00:15:14.314 --> 00:15:16.482
I was such an urbanite,

246
00:15:16.517 --> 00:15:19.686
people would say,
"Pick that 2"x4" up,"

247
00:15:19.720 --> 00:15:25.191
and I would think to myself,
"Two by four.

248
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What could that refer to?"

249
00:15:27.193 --> 00:15:30.230
♪ ♪

250
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Johnny said, "Everybody here

251
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"needs to be in charge
of something.

252
00:15:34.601 --> 00:15:37.403
"We try to run this
as a work democracy.

253
00:15:37.437 --> 00:15:39.005
What do you want
to be in charge of?"

254
00:15:39.039 --> 00:15:40.974
and I thought,
"I haven't a clue."

255
00:15:41.007 --> 00:15:42.576
Johnny came up with the idea

256
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of an enterprise
of having an orchard.

257
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I said, "I'm on for that."

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I really fell in love
with soil, and trees,

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and really keeping
that connection

260
00:15:52.185 --> 00:15:53.620
with the whole natural world.

261
00:15:53.654 --> 00:16:00.594
♪ ♪

262
00:16:01.662 --> 00:16:03.429
The ranch was the first step

263
00:16:03.463 --> 00:16:05.198
in learning
about sustainability.

264
00:16:05.231 --> 00:16:07.634
♪ ♪

265
00:16:07.668 --> 00:16:11.171
We saw an opportunity.

266
00:16:11.204 --> 00:16:13.707
We could make sustainable,

267
00:16:13.740 --> 00:16:16.309
viable projects
around the world.

268
00:16:16.342 --> 00:16:20.280
♪ ♪

269
00:16:35.295 --> 00:16:38.198
[kettle whistling]

270
00:16:43.403 --> 00:16:45.405
‐ Here we were,
not that long

271
00:16:45.438 --> 00:16:48.542
into making the ranch
a sustainable place,

272
00:16:48.575 --> 00:16:51.211
and the gardens were going,
and it was all happening.

273
00:16:57.751 --> 00:16:59.185
Well, I think maybe
Johnny thought

274
00:16:59.219 --> 00:17:01.688
it was
all too successful now,

275
00:17:01.722 --> 00:17:05.559
and that we had to move
to the next realm.

276
00:17:05.592 --> 00:17:08.562
[upbeat music]

277
00:17:08.595 --> 00:17:14.367
♪ ♪

278
00:17:14.400 --> 00:17:17.103
‐ The magic
of the entire enterprise

279
00:17:17.137 --> 00:17:19.706
was to always increase
the challenge.

280
00:17:19.740 --> 00:17:22.676
♪ ♪

281
00:17:22.709 --> 00:17:24.310
‐ Johnny actually said,

282
00:17:24.344 --> 00:17:27.080
"I think we should build
a ship."

283
00:17:27.113 --> 00:17:28.214
‐ We wanted to go someplace

284
00:17:28.248 --> 00:17:30.584
<i>where we certainly</i>
<i>had never been before.</i>

285
00:17:30.617 --> 00:17:32.418
It was a new era
for our projects.

286
00:17:32.452 --> 00:17:34.420
It would go planetary.

287
00:17:34.454 --> 00:17:36.857
‐ We went to my family home
in Berkeley,

288
00:17:36.890 --> 00:17:40.193
where we set up
our living space

289
00:17:40.226 --> 00:17:43.263
so that we could build a ship
on the shore in Oakland.

290
00:17:43.296 --> 00:17:47.534
♪ ♪

291
00:17:47.568 --> 00:17:49.503
‐ We started out
with smaller projects.

292
00:17:49.536 --> 00:17:51.437
The answers are easier,

293
00:17:51.471 --> 00:17:55.141
and eventually, you have
to do very complex things.

294
00:17:55.175 --> 00:18:02.115
♪ ♪

295
00:18:10.423 --> 00:18:13.627
‐ We thought,
"If we can build a ship,

296
00:18:13.660 --> 00:18:17.197
an oceangoing ship,
we could do anything."

297
00:18:17.230 --> 00:18:24.170
♪ ♪

298
00:18:28.341 --> 00:18:33.246
‐ Our ship is called
the "Heraclitus."

299
00:18:33.279 --> 00:18:37.350
The construction of the ship
was pretty much a performance.

300
00:18:37.383 --> 00:18:44.324
♪ ♪

301
00:18:57.938 --> 00:18:59.573
‐ Margaret Augustine

302
00:18:59.606 --> 00:19:03.744
is the primary architect
of our projects.

303
00:19:03.777 --> 00:19:08.381
Margaret, who was 19 or 20,
kind of rose to the occasion

304
00:19:08.414 --> 00:19:10.817
when we were building
the "Heraclitus."

305
00:19:10.851 --> 00:19:12.418
Margaret says,

306
00:19:12.452 --> 00:19:15.221
"I'm going to run
the construction site."

307
00:19:15.255 --> 00:19:19.225
♪ ♪

308
00:19:19.259 --> 00:19:22.428
Freddy Dempster learned
celestial navigation.

309
00:19:22.462 --> 00:19:25.431
[pensive music]

310
00:19:25.465 --> 00:19:26.733
♪ ♪

311
00:19:26.767 --> 00:19:28.935
‐ In a relatively benign
setting

312
00:19:28.969 --> 00:19:30.737
like Synergia Ranch,

313
00:19:30.771 --> 00:19:32.305
you can make mistakes,

314
00:19:32.338 --> 00:19:36.409
and you learn
that you made a mistake,

315
00:19:36.442 --> 00:19:37.778
but in this case,

316
00:19:37.811 --> 00:19:41.982
your life depends
on these things working.

317
00:19:42.015 --> 00:19:47.387
♪ ♪

318
00:19:47.420 --> 00:19:49.322
‐ The day of the launch
was very dramatic,

319
00:19:49.355 --> 00:19:51.424
because we had this high tide.

320
00:19:51.457 --> 00:19:55.596
And people had been working
24‐hour shifts.

321
00:19:55.629 --> 00:20:02.569
♪ ♪

322
00:20:05.338 --> 00:20:11.344
We had booked a tow boat
to pull us into the water.

323
00:20:11.377 --> 00:20:13.814
We built it, and in theory,
it would float,

324
00:20:13.847 --> 00:20:16.550
but we didn't know
what was gonna happen.

325
00:20:16.583 --> 00:20:19.419
♪ ♪

326
00:20:19.452 --> 00:20:21.688
‐ And then there's a jolt.

327
00:20:21.722 --> 00:20:25.491
It was just slipping
out there.

328
00:20:25.526 --> 00:20:27.828
And we were moving.

329
00:20:27.861 --> 00:20:34.801
♪ ♪

330
00:20:47.548 --> 00:20:50.684
Suddenly, the bow went up.
[exhales]

331
00:20:50.717 --> 00:20:52.753
Like that.
Yeah.

332
00:20:52.786 --> 00:20:59.726
♪ ♪

333
00:21:44.404 --> 00:21:47.974
‐ We sailed out
from San Francisco Bay,

334
00:21:48.008 --> 00:21:50.677
sailed out
under the Golden Gate Bridge,

335
00:21:50.711 --> 00:21:52.546
and when we got out
in the ocean,

336
00:21:52.579 --> 00:21:56.517
the waves were huge,
literally 25 to 30 feet high.

337
00:21:56.550 --> 00:22:03.456
♪ ♪

338
00:22:06.593 --> 00:22:09.663
‐ Nothing was tied down
the way it should've been.

339
00:22:09.696 --> 00:22:13.800
The radar broke
and fell in the ocean.

340
00:22:13.834 --> 00:22:18.371
‐ We certainly were learning
quickly, yes.

341
00:22:18.404 --> 00:22:21.074
‐ And for some reason,
I wasn't afraid.

342
00:22:21.107 --> 00:22:24.077
And I don't think
anybody was afraid.

343
00:22:24.110 --> 00:22:28.549
♪ ♪

344
00:22:28.582 --> 00:22:30.651
It was one
of those transitional,

345
00:22:30.684 --> 00:22:37.023
transformative moments, indeed.
Well, now we were free.

346
00:22:37.057 --> 00:22:40.026
[gentle music]

347
00:22:40.060 --> 00:22:46.867
♪ ♪

348
00:22:46.900 --> 00:22:50.737
‐ There's
a strong nomadic nature

349
00:22:50.771 --> 00:22:53.574
to our projects.

350
00:22:53.607 --> 00:22:55.108
‐ Well, we toured
around the world.

351
00:22:55.141 --> 00:23:02.082
♪ ♪

352
00:23:51.197 --> 00:23:52.533
‐ You know,
I'm a broke Oklahoma boy.

353
00:23:52.566 --> 00:23:54.034
How am I gonna support
all this stuff?

354
00:23:54.067 --> 00:23:55.669
[laughs]

355
00:23:55.702 --> 00:23:58.672
‐ How did you support it?
‐ Just enterprising.

356
00:23:58.705 --> 00:24:01.542
♪ ♪

357
00:24:01.575 --> 00:24:05.512
‐ We weren't a commune.
We were a corporation.

358
00:24:05.546 --> 00:24:07.013
♪ ♪

359
00:24:07.047 --> 00:24:09.115
We started businesses
around the world

360
00:24:09.149 --> 00:24:11.251
in order to make money.

361
00:24:11.284 --> 00:24:14.154
We had to survive.
We had to pay for everything.

362
00:24:14.187 --> 00:24:17.490
‐ We were quite capitalistic.

363
00:24:17.524 --> 00:24:19.092
‐ You know, we were never,

364
00:24:19.125 --> 00:24:22.663
in any of our projects,
into profit maximization,

365
00:24:22.696 --> 00:24:26.733
but without sustainable,
viable economics,

366
00:24:26.767 --> 00:24:28.602
these projects can't last.

367
00:24:28.635 --> 00:24:32.673
♪ ♪

368
00:24:32.706 --> 00:24:35.175
It's unusual to find
business partners

369
00:24:35.208 --> 00:24:39.279
who were willing
to think long‐term.

370
00:24:39.312 --> 00:24:42.583
‐ Ed Bass was an integral part
of our businesses

371
00:24:42.616 --> 00:24:43.717
around the planet.

372
00:24:43.750 --> 00:24:45.719
♪ ♪

373
00:24:45.752 --> 00:24:49.656
‐ He really liked this sense
of exploration,

374
00:24:49.690 --> 00:24:51.191
sense of adventure.

375
00:24:55.962 --> 00:24:58.231
Ed Bass is a billionaire

376
00:24:58.264 --> 00:25:02.569
from a prominent family
in Fort Worth, Texas.

377
00:25:02.603 --> 00:25:05.839
The Basses‐‐
their money was in oil.

378
00:25:05.872 --> 00:25:12.178
♪ ♪

379
00:25:12.212 --> 00:25:15.916
We formed a joint venture
with Ed.

380
00:25:15.949 --> 00:25:18.885
‐ And we had a particular kind
of a deal with him.

381
00:25:18.919 --> 00:25:20.253
He would put forward

382
00:25:20.286 --> 00:25:21.888
the capital to buy
certain properties,

383
00:25:21.922 --> 00:25:23.824
and then we would go there

384
00:25:23.857 --> 00:25:26.259
and work
to enhance their value,

385
00:25:26.292 --> 00:25:29.896
and make something‐‐
something amazing.

386
00:25:29.930 --> 00:25:32.733
So we built a hotel
in Kathmandu.

387
00:25:32.766 --> 00:25:39.673
♪ ♪

388
00:25:44.177 --> 00:25:46.880
We opened an art gallery
in London.

389
00:25:46.913 --> 00:25:50.083
♪ ♪

390
00:25:50.116 --> 00:25:53.219
‐ I spent ten years of my life
taking care of our land

391
00:25:53.253 --> 00:25:55.155
in the Australian outback.

392
00:25:55.188 --> 00:25:59.893
♪ ♪

393
00:25:59.926 --> 00:26:02.095
‐ We started touring theater.

394
00:26:02.128 --> 00:26:06.667
♪ ♪

395
00:26:06.700 --> 00:26:08.602
‐ We played
on every continent,

396
00:26:08.635 --> 00:26:10.904
including Antarctica.

397
00:26:10.937 --> 00:26:16.109
♪ ♪

398
00:26:16.142 --> 00:26:18.612
‐ The idea to start projects
in different biomes

399
00:26:18.645 --> 00:26:20.246
was to understand

400
00:26:20.280 --> 00:26:22.816
the whole planet
experientially.

401
00:26:25.218 --> 00:26:30.223
♪ ♪

402
00:26:30.256 --> 00:26:33.794
‐ Small groups are
the engines of change.

403
00:26:33.827 --> 00:26:36.362
♪ ♪

404
00:26:36.396 --> 00:26:40.400
Johnny provided the ideas
that coalesced our whole group

405
00:26:40.433 --> 00:26:42.803
into doing collective action.

406
00:26:42.836 --> 00:26:45.238
♪ ♪

407
00:26:45.271 --> 00:26:47.708
Under his leadership,

408
00:26:47.741 --> 00:26:51.678
we could achieve things
in common action

409
00:26:51.712 --> 00:26:54.280
that we could not otherwise
achieve.

410
00:26:54.314 --> 00:26:57.884
♪ ♪

411
00:26:57.918 --> 00:27:00.821
‐ I lost my dad when I was 16.

412
00:27:00.854 --> 00:27:03.423
[string music]

413
00:27:03.456 --> 00:27:06.860
I often institute
father figures...

414
00:27:06.893 --> 00:27:10.063
♪ ♪

415
00:27:10.096 --> 00:27:11.765
And I think I had a projection
on John.

416
00:27:11.798 --> 00:27:13.033
I may still have it.
[laughs]

417
00:27:13.066 --> 00:27:15.936
I won't say I'm over it.

418
00:27:15.969 --> 00:27:18.805
He was very charismatic,
very dynamic,

419
00:27:18.839 --> 00:27:22.809
exploding with energy.

420
00:27:22.843 --> 00:27:25.679
He was a fallible human being.

421
00:27:25.712 --> 00:27:30.684
John can be tempestuous,
big time,

422
00:27:30.717 --> 00:27:33.319
but John
is definitely a genius.

423
00:27:33.353 --> 00:27:35.188
♪ ♪

424
00:27:49.202 --> 00:27:50.971
‐ To explore the history

425
00:27:51.004 --> 00:27:52.272
of the planet Earth
and its future,

426
00:27:52.305 --> 00:27:54.474
<i>and to examine man's relation</i>
<i>to the planet Earth</i>

427
00:27:54.508 --> 00:27:57.210
and his future,
the Institute of Eco‐Technics

428
00:27:57.243 --> 00:27:58.812
invited
outstanding scientists,

429
00:27:58.845 --> 00:28:00.413
artists of the avant‐garde,

430
00:28:00.446 --> 00:28:03.016
explorers, and managers
of our present time

431
00:28:03.049 --> 00:28:04.718
to a four‐day conference
at their facility

432
00:28:04.751 --> 00:28:06.386
in the south of France.

433
00:28:06.419 --> 00:28:08.354
This film is the record
of those shared investigations

434
00:28:08.388 --> 00:28:09.990
and experiences,

435
00:28:10.023 --> 00:28:12.092
fears and hopes,
ignorance and knowledge

436
00:28:12.125 --> 00:28:14.194
of the mystery and patterns
of planet Earth.

437
00:28:14.227 --> 00:28:17.163
[dramatic string music]

438
00:28:17.197 --> 00:28:18.398
♪ ♪

439
00:28:18.431 --> 00:28:20.466
‐ We were doing conferences,

440
00:28:20.500 --> 00:28:23.436
and we held them in
different parts of the world.

441
00:28:23.469 --> 00:28:26.840
They started
with specific biomes,

442
00:28:26.873 --> 00:28:30.343
a conference on deserts,
on oceans, on jungles.

443
00:28:30.376 --> 00:28:32.345
♪ ♪

444
00:28:32.378 --> 00:28:34.280
Pretty soon,
we ran out of biomes,

445
00:28:34.314 --> 00:28:38.151
so we did the planet Earth.

446
00:28:38.184 --> 00:28:40.921
‐ Dr. Alexander King sounds
a note of warning.

447
00:28:40.954 --> 00:28:43.056
We are living in
an unusually warm period,

448
00:28:43.089 --> 00:28:44.525
but small overall
temperature changes

449
00:28:44.558 --> 00:28:47.360
lead to ice age glaciation.

450
00:28:47.393 --> 00:28:48.862
Population increase
concentrated

451
00:28:48.895 --> 00:28:50.463
in enormous cities,

452
00:28:50.496 --> 00:28:52.098
destruction
of natural environment,

453
00:28:52.132 --> 00:28:53.299
and increasing disparity

454
00:28:53.333 --> 00:28:54.500
between rich
and poor countries

455
00:28:54.535 --> 00:28:57.337
is leading to a catastrophe,

456
00:28:57.370 --> 00:29:00.440
yet most of the destruction
is caused by human ignorance.

457
00:29:00.473 --> 00:29:04.277
‐ Changes were happening
on an enormous scale.

458
00:29:04.310 --> 00:29:06.412
We were actually in danger

459
00:29:06.446 --> 00:29:10.416
of destroying the planet
as we know it.

460
00:29:10.450 --> 00:29:14.521
‐ And we realized that we had
to do something.

461
00:29:14.555 --> 00:29:16.890
‐ Thank you very much.

462
00:29:16.923 --> 00:29:20.493
Any idea that can be conceived
in our time

463
00:29:20.527 --> 00:29:23.997
can be executed in our time.

464
00:29:24.030 --> 00:29:27.033
It's a hell of a mantra.

465
00:29:27.067 --> 00:29:29.536
‐ Phil Hawes,
our resident architect,

466
00:29:29.570 --> 00:29:32.539
came up
with an adobe spaceship.

467
00:29:32.573 --> 00:29:36.309
The idea of making
an enclosed mini‐world

468
00:29:36.342 --> 00:29:40.046
rose from that moment.

469
00:29:40.080 --> 00:29:42.549
‐ And in this biospheric bank
are thousands of species

470
00:29:42.583 --> 00:29:46.820
of life and eight people.

471
00:29:46.853 --> 00:29:48.589
They better be adventurers,
they better be artists,

472
00:29:48.622 --> 00:29:51.491
and they better be scientists.

473
00:29:51.525 --> 00:29:53.960
‐ We loved this idea

474
00:29:53.994 --> 00:29:56.963
that when you start
to think of colonies in space,

475
00:29:56.997 --> 00:30:02.536
suddenly you are thinking
of sustainable living on Earth.

476
00:30:02.569 --> 00:30:07.974
♪ ♪

477
00:30:08.008 --> 00:30:10.043
‐ I think the whole project‐‐
I mean, I really liked

478
00:30:10.076 --> 00:30:12.345
that it was science fiction
without the fiction.

479
00:30:12.378 --> 00:30:16.249
♪ ♪

480
00:30:16.282 --> 00:30:20.453
This idea
is like "Silent Running."

481
00:30:20.486 --> 00:30:24.057
That was an incredible film.

482
00:30:24.090 --> 00:30:26.492
To see this floating world,

483
00:30:26.527 --> 00:30:30.363
and, you know, the guy taking
care of the wilderness area,

484
00:30:30.396 --> 00:30:32.398
and the little rabbits
hopping.

485
00:30:32.432 --> 00:30:35.401
‐ How are you today? Huh?
Feeling good?

486
00:30:35.435 --> 00:30:38.404
‐ Here is this capsule of life
from Earth

487
00:30:38.438 --> 00:30:40.641
that's being nurtured
and kept alive

488
00:30:40.674 --> 00:30:43.276
and the guy who's in love
with the system,

489
00:30:43.309 --> 00:30:46.046
which I totally identified.

490
00:30:46.079 --> 00:30:48.248
You know, and of course,
the very poignant thing,

491
00:30:48.281 --> 00:30:53.086
that this is the last refuge
of Earth life.

492
00:30:53.119 --> 00:30:54.521
‐ What about the forests?

493
00:30:54.555 --> 00:30:57.123
You don't think anyone should
care about these forests?

494
00:30:57.157 --> 00:30:59.325
What's gonna happen
if these forests

495
00:30:59.359 --> 00:31:01.628
and all this incredible beauty
is lost for all time?

496
00:31:01.662 --> 00:31:04.598
[pensive music]

497
00:31:04.631 --> 00:31:07.067
♪ ♪

498
00:31:07.100 --> 00:31:13.273
‐ Nobody was building
a long‐term life system

499
00:31:13.306 --> 00:31:16.877
to go into space.
No one was doing that.

500
00:31:19.345 --> 00:31:22.282
We thought, "Here's a niche.
Let's go for it."

501
00:31:22.315 --> 00:31:29.489
♪ ♪

502
00:31:29.990 --> 00:31:36.129
When you even visualize
a colony,

503
00:31:36.162 --> 00:31:40.133
off the planet,

504
00:31:40.166 --> 00:31:43.504
suddenly you're rethinking
what's possible.

505
00:31:43.537 --> 00:31:50.443
♪ ♪

506
00:32:14.100 --> 00:32:15.401
‐ Some of us are born

507
00:32:15.435 --> 00:32:17.571
with far better
naturalist sensitivities

508
00:32:17.604 --> 00:32:22.408
than
interpersonal sensitivities.

509
00:32:22.442 --> 00:32:24.177
So, yeah,

510
00:32:24.210 --> 00:32:25.478
I usually get along
with plants

511
00:32:25.512 --> 00:32:27.313
more than I do most people.

512
00:32:27.347 --> 00:32:31.284
♪ ♪

513
00:32:31.317 --> 00:32:33.520
John said, "We're going
into the space race."

514
00:32:34.087 --> 00:32:35.656
I said, "What?"
He said,

515
00:32:35.689 --> 00:32:38.559
"Yeah, we're gonna build
this thing called the Biosphere

516
00:32:38.592 --> 00:32:42.095
"that's a prelude
to extraterrestrial biospheres,

517
00:32:42.128 --> 00:32:46.366
and so, we want you
to design the desert."

518
00:32:46.399 --> 00:32:48.602
♪ ♪

519
00:32:48.635 --> 00:32:50.336
I was working

520
00:32:50.370 --> 00:32:52.472
at the University of Arizona
Desert Laboratory,

521
00:32:52.506 --> 00:32:56.743
and well, you know, compared
to the normal academic career,

522
00:32:56.777 --> 00:32:59.479
compare that
to launch humanity

523
00:32:59.513 --> 00:33:02.749
into an extraterrestrial
evolutionary trajectory?

524
00:33:04.785 --> 00:33:06.486
It was visionary.

525
00:33:06.520 --> 00:33:09.455
[optimistic music]

526
00:33:09.489 --> 00:33:16.429
♪ ♪

527
00:33:18.364 --> 00:33:19.800
‐ If we're gonna go to Mars
and the Moon,

528
00:33:19.833 --> 00:33:22.202
we'd better know
how to make a biosphere.

529
00:33:22.235 --> 00:33:28.408
♪ ♪

530
00:33:28.441 --> 00:33:32.078
‐ A nice, simple definition
that I like of a biosphere

531
00:33:32.112 --> 00:33:37.250
is a virtually closed system
with plants and animals

532
00:33:37.283 --> 00:33:41.387
and atmospheres all inside.

533
00:33:41.421 --> 00:33:42.623
If we're gonna build

534
00:33:42.656 --> 00:33:45.726
the first human‐designed
biospheric system,

535
00:33:45.759 --> 00:33:47.160
we're gonna make it beautiful.

536
00:33:47.193 --> 00:33:50.363
♪ ♪

537
00:33:50.396 --> 00:33:53.700
We're gonna put in
a mini‐rain forest,

538
00:33:53.734 --> 00:33:59.172
a desert, a savanna, an ocean
with a living coral reef.

539
00:33:59.205 --> 00:34:01.742
It would be populated by
hundreds

540
00:34:01.775 --> 00:34:05.178
of carefully‐selected plants
and animal species,

541
00:34:05.211 --> 00:34:08.114
including eight people.

542
00:34:08.148 --> 00:34:12.786
♪ ♪

543
00:34:12.819 --> 00:34:15.488
We called the project
Biosphere 2,

544
00:34:15.522 --> 00:34:17.457
because we wanted people
to say,

545
00:34:17.490 --> 00:34:19.626
"Well, where is Biosphere 1?"

546
00:34:19.660 --> 00:34:21.427
Biosphere 1 is the Earth.

547
00:34:21.461 --> 00:34:24.565
[serene music]

548
00:34:25.198 --> 00:34:26.800
No one really knew
what we'd need

549
00:34:26.833 --> 00:34:29.603
if we're ever gonna go into
space on a permanent basis.

550
00:34:29.636 --> 00:34:31.838
♪ ♪

551
00:34:31.872 --> 00:34:34.875
‐ We don't see how big
the process is.

552
00:34:34.908 --> 00:34:39.112
‐ John Allen had suggested,
"Well, the whole point of this

553
00:34:39.145 --> 00:34:42.749
"is not to do rigorous science
from the get‐go.

554
00:34:42.783 --> 00:34:47.821
"The point of this is to learn
how to make a biosphere

555
00:34:47.854 --> 00:34:50.824
"that can support
human occupants

556
00:34:50.857 --> 00:34:53.760
"in an
extraterrestrial setting.

557
00:34:53.794 --> 00:34:55.629
"It won't work the first time.

558
00:34:55.662 --> 00:34:58.732
"It probably won't work
for the first several times,

559
00:34:58.765 --> 00:35:02.803
but each time, we're likely
to learn more, faster."

560
00:35:04.304 --> 00:35:07.808
‐ There were huge numbers
of scientific consultants.

561
00:35:07.841 --> 00:35:09.409
The University of Arizona,

562
00:35:09.442 --> 00:35:11.912
the Smithsonian
Marine Systems Lab,

563
00:35:11.945 --> 00:35:14.748
and the New York
Botanic Garden.

564
00:35:14.781 --> 00:35:17.383
‐ And are we gonna put
any engineering devices...

565
00:35:17.417 --> 00:35:19.753
‐ Biosphere 2
was gonna build

566
00:35:19.786 --> 00:35:22.656
on the work
of all of our projects.

567
00:35:22.689 --> 00:35:26.359
‐ Agriculture, design,

568
00:35:26.392 --> 00:35:29.696
engineering, technology,
and ecology.

569
00:35:31.798 --> 00:35:33.800
All the things
that we had done together.

570
00:35:33.834 --> 00:35:36.770
♪ ♪

571
00:35:36.803 --> 00:35:39.906
‐ It was a massive
construction project.

572
00:35:39.940 --> 00:35:42.576
♪ ♪

573
00:35:42.609 --> 00:35:44.545
‐ And these were the people
that could do it.

574
00:35:44.578 --> 00:35:47.548
[upbeat music]

575
00:35:47.581 --> 00:35:50.216
♪ ♪

576
00:35:50.250 --> 00:35:52.886
‐ When we were building
the "Heraclitus,"

577
00:35:52.919 --> 00:35:57.490
Margaret Augustine
ran the construction site.

578
00:35:57.524 --> 00:36:00.794
Now, she was the CEO,
and co‐architect

579
00:36:00.827 --> 00:36:04.831
of Biosphere 2.

580
00:36:04.865 --> 00:36:06.900
When you're doing something

581
00:36:06.933 --> 00:36:11.938
that no one has ever done
before, you learn by doing.

582
00:36:11.972 --> 00:36:15.676
‐ Without a project
of this undertaking,

583
00:36:15.709 --> 00:36:18.612
you wouldn't really be able
to feasibly start a colony,

584
00:36:18.645 --> 00:36:20.647
say, on the Moon or Mars.

585
00:36:20.681 --> 00:36:22.683
♪ ♪

586
00:36:22.716 --> 00:36:27.654
‐ Marie Harding was
the chief financial officer.

587
00:36:27.688 --> 00:36:30.290
‐ We had budgets.

588
00:36:30.323 --> 00:36:32.859
The final cost
was $200 million.

589
00:36:32.893 --> 00:36:36.763
That's‐‐for that,
that is like peanuts.

590
00:36:38.431 --> 00:36:42.503
It was quite corporate.
I even wore nail polish.

591
00:36:42.536 --> 00:36:44.237
[laughs]

592
00:36:44.270 --> 00:36:47.808
‐ And also, of course,
there was Ed Bass.

593
00:36:47.841 --> 00:36:49.910
♪ ♪

594
00:36:49.943 --> 00:36:51.945
‐ Edward Bass,
the second‐oldest

595
00:36:51.978 --> 00:36:54.247
of the four Bass brothers,
by some estimates,

596
00:36:54.280 --> 00:36:57.584
the fourth wealthiest family
in the United States.

597
00:36:57.618 --> 00:37:00.486
John Allen's ideas
and Edward Bass's money

598
00:37:00.521 --> 00:37:02.889
have spawned a number
of worldwide ventures.

599
00:37:02.923 --> 00:37:06.527
♪ ♪

600
00:37:06.560 --> 00:37:10.664
‐ Creating Biosphere 2
as a business

601
00:37:10.697 --> 00:37:12.966
made sense for several reasons.

602
00:37:12.999 --> 00:37:16.837
For one, we thought
it could be very profitable.

603
00:37:16.870 --> 00:37:20.373
‐ Ed would invest
a huge amount of money,

604
00:37:20.406 --> 00:37:23.276
figuring there would be
no payback in the short term,

605
00:37:23.309 --> 00:37:25.345
but when we go to space,

606
00:37:25.378 --> 00:37:27.748
Biosphere 2 would yield

607
00:37:27.781 --> 00:37:29.950
enormous
technological spinoffs

608
00:37:29.983 --> 00:37:34.020
that then he could license
and people would pay him for.

609
00:37:34.054 --> 00:37:37.758
‐ Ed was also
passionate about ecology.

610
00:37:37.791 --> 00:37:39.693
‐ All you've got to do
is watch his face light up

611
00:37:39.726 --> 00:37:42.863
when he talks about it.

612
00:37:42.896 --> 00:37:44.798
‐ From the ecological point
of view,

613
00:37:44.831 --> 00:37:47.333
man is very much
a part of the problem.

614
00:37:47.367 --> 00:37:48.935
I was able
to put these together

615
00:37:48.969 --> 00:37:51.037
in my own personal interest

616
00:37:51.071 --> 00:37:55.408
and really become involved
in ecological matters.

617
00:37:55.441 --> 00:37:58.044
‐ We'd been thinking
about the human relationship

618
00:37:58.078 --> 00:38:01.682
with the environment
for decades.

619
00:38:01.715 --> 00:38:04.317
Biosphere 2 is totally

620
00:38:04.350 --> 00:38:06.086
an awesome new kind
of approach

621
00:38:06.119 --> 00:38:07.821
to studying

622
00:38:07.854 --> 00:38:10.591
and coming up with solutions
to Earth problems.

623
00:38:15.028 --> 00:38:17.363
[orchestral music]

624
00:38:17.397 --> 00:38:24.571
♪ ♪

625
00:38:25.371 --> 00:38:28.675
‐ We have, in the last year,
put out a paper

626
00:38:28.709 --> 00:38:31.778
that said we had a program
for Biospherian candidates.

627
00:38:31.812 --> 00:38:34.848
‐ We had
maybe 15 or so people,

628
00:38:34.881 --> 00:38:37.350
Biospherians in training,

629
00:38:37.383 --> 00:38:41.622
and the selection was
gonna be made from that group.

630
00:38:41.655 --> 00:38:44.525
‐ There wasn't
a type of person.

631
00:38:44.558 --> 00:38:46.660
It wasn't eight clones
that showed up.

632
00:38:46.693 --> 00:38:50.030
This is the kind of human being
who would do this.

633
00:38:50.063 --> 00:38:52.799
It was‐‐
that wasn't predictable.

634
00:38:52.833 --> 00:38:55.368
‐ I'm Jane Pointer.
I'm a Biospherian candidate.

635
00:38:55.401 --> 00:38:57.838
‐ Well, my nickname's Laser.

636
00:38:57.871 --> 00:38:59.773
I like to be in the middle
of the action.

637
00:38:59.806 --> 00:39:01.542
I like to get things done.

638
00:39:01.575 --> 00:39:04.511
‐ Well, I know
that the eight people who go in

639
00:39:04.545 --> 00:39:06.813
will come out different people,

640
00:39:06.847 --> 00:39:09.916
and come out as a group
of people

641
00:39:09.950 --> 00:39:13.687
probably incomparable
to any other group in history.

642
00:39:13.720 --> 00:39:15.722
‐ Many people say
"Well," you know, "Why?

643
00:39:15.756 --> 00:39:17.490
Why are you getting locked up
in the Biosphere?"

644
00:39:17.524 --> 00:39:19.392
I don't call it‐‐

645
00:39:19.425 --> 00:39:22.495
I don't think of it as being
locked up in the Biosphere.

646
00:39:22.529 --> 00:39:24.831
In fact, I think of it
as locking everybody else out.

647
00:39:24.865 --> 00:39:27.433
[laughs]

648
00:39:27.467 --> 00:39:29.703
‐ We looked
for who are the free thinkers,

649
00:39:29.736 --> 00:39:31.838
so I automatically eliminated

650
00:39:31.872 --> 00:39:34.007
all the people
that follow people.

651
00:39:34.040 --> 00:39:36.977
[general hubbub]

652
00:39:41.615 --> 00:39:43.149
‐ Two!

653
00:39:48.755 --> 00:39:51.024
‐ Okay, go down and switch
to the next partner.

654
00:39:51.057 --> 00:39:52.759
Do the‐‐appear
and disappear emotionally,

655
00:39:52.793 --> 00:39:54.661
the way you were doing
physically before.

656
00:39:55.962 --> 00:40:01.067
‐ John Allen was a brilliant,
charismatic leader,

657
00:40:01.101 --> 00:40:04.505
because he simply met
the emotional needs.

658
00:40:04.538 --> 00:40:06.206
He was a mind musician.

659
00:40:06.239 --> 00:40:08.208
He really knew
what people needed,

660
00:40:08.241 --> 00:40:10.911
and tried to motivate them
by supplying it,

661
00:40:10.944 --> 00:40:13.547
or withholding it sometimes.

662
00:40:14.548 --> 00:40:18.151
I thought part
of John Allen's genius

663
00:40:18.184 --> 00:40:21.955
was helping people to realize
it's all theater.

664
00:40:21.988 --> 00:40:24.925
[energetic music]

665
00:40:24.958 --> 00:40:30.496
♪ ♪

666
00:40:30.531 --> 00:40:34.234
‐ I don't know that I ever had
the feeling

667
00:40:34.267 --> 00:40:36.870
that we couldn't pull it off.

668
00:40:36.903 --> 00:40:39.005
I knew we could pull it off.

669
00:40:39.039 --> 00:40:44.077
Maybe that was naive,
but maybe not.

670
00:40:44.110 --> 00:40:47.180
‐ To prove this, we thought
it was necessary

671
00:40:47.213 --> 00:40:50.016
to build a model.

672
00:40:50.050 --> 00:40:52.252
‐ We built the test module.

673
00:40:52.285 --> 00:40:56.056
Let's have all the Biospherian
candidates go in there.

674
00:40:56.089 --> 00:40:59.693
‐ What's going on today
is testing of the systems

675
00:40:59.726 --> 00:41:01.695
that we expect to use
in Biosphere 2.

676
00:41:01.728 --> 00:41:04.130
This will be the longest
closure with a person

677
00:41:04.164 --> 00:41:08.068
in a totally enclosed
environment where all the food,

678
00:41:08.101 --> 00:41:12.072
the water, the air, the waste
is recycled within that system.

679
00:41:12.105 --> 00:41:14.975
‐ This is my daily exercise,
as well as harvesting.

680
00:41:15.008 --> 00:41:17.077
‐ Botanist Linda Leigh
was sealed

681
00:41:17.110 --> 00:41:20.146
inside a test module
for a three‐week stay.

682
00:41:20.180 --> 00:41:25.819
‐ You open the door, you close
the airlock behind you,

683
00:41:25.852 --> 00:41:30.957
and suddenly, you understand
that you are in relationship,

684
00:41:30.991 --> 00:41:33.627
I mean, intimate
metabolic relationship,

685
00:41:33.660 --> 00:41:35.228
with everything inside there.

686
00:41:36.830 --> 00:41:39.866
‐ Everybody is anxiously
awaiting for the moment

687
00:41:39.900 --> 00:41:41.568
when you will step
through that door.

688
00:41:41.602 --> 00:41:48.542
♪ ♪

689
00:41:58.585 --> 00:42:01.287
[cheers and applause]

690
00:42:09.029 --> 00:42:15.936
♪ ♪

691
00:43:57.738 --> 00:43:59.973
‐ Preparations
for interplanetary travel

692
00:44:00.006 --> 00:44:01.407
have begun near Tucson.

693
00:44:01.441 --> 00:44:03.109
‐ As Tina Naughton tells us,

694
00:44:03.143 --> 00:44:08.014
spaceships aren't involved yet,
only determination.

695
00:44:08.048 --> 00:44:09.916
‐ These chosen eight
are about to step

696
00:44:09.950 --> 00:44:12.719
into an airtight city
called the Biosphere 2.

697
00:44:12.753 --> 00:44:15.155
The crew, chosen
from scientific experts,

698
00:44:15.188 --> 00:44:18.191
will live inside the enclosed
world for two years.

699
00:44:18.224 --> 00:44:21.427
Only video and the telephone
will link them to the outside.

700
00:44:22.028 --> 00:44:24.430
‐ They are the darlings
of the new age,

701
00:44:24.464 --> 00:44:26.366
protectors of the planet,

702
00:44:26.399 --> 00:44:29.469
pioneers blazing a trail
for outer space.

703
00:44:29.502 --> 00:44:31.371
They are Biospherians.

704
00:44:31.404 --> 00:44:33.073
‐ No one's
ever done this before.

705
00:44:33.106 --> 00:44:35.208
No one's ever built,

706
00:44:35.241 --> 00:44:38.411
or lived in, or managed
a total closed system.

707
00:44:38.444 --> 00:44:43.083
‐ It's
an ethnically diverse group,

708
00:44:43.116 --> 00:44:45.351
each chosen
for their science expertise.

709
00:44:45.385 --> 00:44:48.154
[spacey music]

710
00:44:48.188 --> 00:44:50.090
‐ It's a true
research project,

711
00:44:50.123 --> 00:44:51.892
with the eight humans

712
00:44:51.925 --> 00:44:53.493
as much a subject
of the research

713
00:44:53.527 --> 00:44:55.896
as researchers themselves.

714
00:44:57.130 --> 00:44:59.432
‐ I got a phone call.
Margaret‐‐she said,

715
00:44:59.465 --> 00:45:02.168
"What do you think about
the idea of joining the crew?"

716
00:45:03.436 --> 00:45:07.107
And I don't think
there was any pause

717
00:45:07.140 --> 00:45:09.743
between the end of her sentence
and me saying yes.

718
00:45:11.144 --> 00:45:13.747
‐ Am I gonna go stir‐crazy
over two years?

719
00:45:13.780 --> 00:45:15.916
Have I really brought in
enough sneakers,

720
00:45:15.949 --> 00:45:18.184
and toothbrushes, and books,
and videos,

721
00:45:18.218 --> 00:45:24.257
and tape cassettes to keep
my intellectual mind happy?

722
00:45:24.290 --> 00:45:28.394
I suppose emotionally, that's
gonna be the challenge.

723
00:45:28.428 --> 00:45:30.396
‐ I feel grateful to be given
the opportunity

724
00:45:30.430 --> 00:45:32.132
to carry on the work

725
00:45:32.165 --> 00:45:34.134
that we've been doing
over the last five years,

726
00:45:34.167 --> 00:45:35.836
to be part of an experiment

727
00:45:35.869 --> 00:45:38.438
that is both
scientifically challenging

728
00:45:38.471 --> 00:45:41.141
and physically
remarkably beautiful.

729
00:45:41.174 --> 00:45:45.779
‐ I was invited to come up
to the biosphere,

730
00:45:45.812 --> 00:45:47.347
and I thought, "Well,

731
00:45:47.380 --> 00:45:50.116
"this is a great,
bright group of people.

732
00:45:50.150 --> 00:45:52.052
"They're really into
what they're doing.

733
00:45:52.085 --> 00:45:53.887
"They're exciting.
They're excited.

734
00:45:53.920 --> 00:45:55.522
"They're doing cool things.

735
00:45:55.556 --> 00:45:57.524
They're wacky,
and I fit right in."

736
00:45:57.558 --> 00:46:00.026
♪ ♪

737
00:46:00.060 --> 00:46:01.828
I was always the girl
in the classroom

738
00:46:01.862 --> 00:46:04.230
who took care of the fish.
I did projects

739
00:46:04.264 --> 00:46:07.968
for all the science fairs
when I was little.

740
00:46:08.001 --> 00:46:10.937
Mostly, people,
I felt at that time,

741
00:46:10.971 --> 00:46:12.506
people didn't like me
very much.

742
00:46:14.841 --> 00:46:17.210
I was living in Tucson
in the mid‐'80s,

743
00:46:17.243 --> 00:46:21.414
and I was kind of in my "save
the world" type of headspace,

744
00:46:21.447 --> 00:46:23.249
and a friend said,

745
00:46:23.283 --> 00:46:25.351
"Linda, you can't do it
all by yourself."

746
00:46:25.986 --> 00:46:28.321
And that was‐‐
it was really a moment,

747
00:46:28.354 --> 00:46:30.190
one of those aha moments.

748
00:46:31.958 --> 00:46:34.895
When I joined the group,
it was a magnetic center.

749
00:46:34.928 --> 00:46:36.462
You know,
it just kind of pulled me in.

750
00:46:45.071 --> 00:46:47.073
We all got sent out
to different places

751
00:46:47.107 --> 00:46:53.013
around the world to collect
the plants and species.

752
00:46:53.046 --> 00:46:56.016
[ethereal music]

753
00:46:56.049 --> 00:47:00.854
♪ ♪

754
00:47:00.887 --> 00:47:03.924
To build an ecosystem
from all of the pieces

755
00:47:03.957 --> 00:47:06.593
is just a big, huge puzzle.

756
00:47:06.627 --> 00:47:13.299
♪ ♪

757
00:47:13.333 --> 00:47:15.902
‐ It was Biblical.

758
00:47:15.936 --> 00:47:18.038
It was filling Noah's Ark,
essentially.

759
00:47:18.071 --> 00:47:24.244
♪ ♪

760
00:47:24.277 --> 00:47:26.647
‐ Deciding what to include
has not been easy.

761
00:47:26.680 --> 00:47:28.348
For example...

762
00:47:28.381 --> 00:47:30.016
‐ When we made the decision
to put in something

763
00:47:30.050 --> 00:47:32.318
like a hummingbird,

764
00:47:32.352 --> 00:47:34.921
you know how many flowers
a day a hummingbird needs?

765
00:47:34.955 --> 00:47:37.991
The best we could find
was 1,400 fuchsia flowers.

766
00:47:38.024 --> 00:47:40.126
♪ ♪

767
00:47:40.160 --> 00:47:45.365
‐ An important part of this
was making a beautiful world,

768
00:47:45.398 --> 00:47:47.634
making a Garden of Eden.

769
00:47:47.668 --> 00:47:54.608
♪ ♪

770
00:47:56.409 --> 00:47:59.245
I loved being totally absorbed
in this.

771
00:47:59.279 --> 00:48:02.248
♪ ♪

772
00:48:02.282 --> 00:48:04.350
I didn't need anything more.

773
00:48:04.384 --> 00:48:11.291
♪ ♪

774
00:48:19.365 --> 00:48:22.135
‐ Ready? And action.

775
00:48:22.168 --> 00:48:25.506
‐ Hello there.
I'm Rue McClanahan,

776
00:48:25.539 --> 00:48:29.676
and I'm here in Oracle,
Arizona, at Biosphere 2,

777
00:48:29.710 --> 00:48:32.412
where one of the most
adventurous and important‐‐

778
00:48:32.445 --> 00:48:35.215
boy, this is rough terrain.
[laughs]

779
00:48:35.248 --> 00:48:36.650
‐ That was nice,
very nice, Rue.

780
00:48:36.683 --> 00:48:39.085
‐ It feels‐‐

781
00:48:39.119 --> 00:48:41.655
‐ And, action.
‐ Hello.

782
00:48:41.688 --> 00:48:43.423
I'm Rue McClanahan,

783
00:48:43.456 --> 00:48:45.191
and I'm here
in Oracle, Arizona,

784
00:48:45.225 --> 00:48:48.061
at Biosphere 2,
where one

785
00:48:48.094 --> 00:48:50.030
of the most adventurous
and important experiments

786
00:48:50.063 --> 00:48:56.737
in human existence has begun.

787
00:48:56.770 --> 00:48:58.471
Et cetera, et cetera.

788
00:48:58.505 --> 00:49:01.708
‐ Good, that was perfect, like,
that was perfect.

789
00:49:01.742 --> 00:49:06.613
[music]

790
00:49:06.647 --> 00:49:11.084
‐ People like both wonder

791
00:49:11.117 --> 00:49:14.020
and sensation.
[laughs]

792
00:49:14.054 --> 00:49:19.092
I mean, so there's an appetite
and an audience for both.

793
00:49:19.125 --> 00:49:21.327
No, I was not a publicist.

794
00:49:21.361 --> 00:49:23.096
We didn't even have
a press department.

795
00:49:24.130 --> 00:49:26.266
We had no press release.

796
00:49:26.299 --> 00:49:27.534
‐ They want to just do it down
at that spot...

797
00:49:27.568 --> 00:49:28.702
‐ Regards
to a photo opportunity.

798
00:49:28.735 --> 00:49:29.970
‐ And they've got enough time,
so let's just go and do it.

799
00:49:30.003 --> 00:49:33.006
<i>It never entered our head</i>
<i>that it was going to be</i>

800
00:49:33.039 --> 00:49:35.408
something grand
and spectacular,

801
00:49:35.441 --> 00:49:38.011
it was going to blow
everyone's socks off.

802
00:49:39.479 --> 00:49:42.683
It started to ignite
a lot of interest.

803
00:49:42.716 --> 00:49:45.385
Margaret and John decided
that they should hire

804
00:49:45.418 --> 00:49:48.321
a professional PR firm
from LA.

805
00:49:48.655 --> 00:49:51.291
‐ The locals came in.
They reported faithfully,

806
00:49:51.324 --> 00:49:53.193
and then my job was
to leapfrog up

807
00:49:53.226 --> 00:49:54.661
to the national
and international,

808
00:49:54.695 --> 00:49:56.663
the networks.

809
00:49:56.697 --> 00:49:59.666
Here we had
this marvelous structure,

810
00:49:59.700 --> 00:50:03.670
and we had to do it right.
We had to beam them up somehow.

811
00:50:03.704 --> 00:50:06.239
‐ This live news event package
will include

812
00:50:06.272 --> 00:50:08.041
worldwide press coverage.

813
00:50:08.074 --> 00:50:09.810
Biosphere 2 is an idea

814
00:50:09.843 --> 00:50:12.478
that has intrigued Hollywood
for years.

815
00:50:12.513 --> 00:50:15.549
Celebrities will walk us
through the diverse biomes.

816
00:50:15.582 --> 00:50:17.518
‐ I am a big fan of everything

817
00:50:17.551 --> 00:50:19.085
that has to do
with the environment.

818
00:50:19.119 --> 00:50:21.254
‐ They'll present profiles
of the bionauts,

819
00:50:21.287 --> 00:50:23.056
who've journeyed
the world over,

820
00:50:23.089 --> 00:50:25.726
gathering what will live
in their new environment.

821
00:50:25.759 --> 00:50:28.529
Network presidents agree,
environmental programming

822
00:50:28.562 --> 00:50:31.231
is a must for the '90s.

823
00:50:31.264 --> 00:50:34.334
‐ Definitely went viral.
It was a global curiosity.

824
00:50:34.367 --> 00:50:37.170
‐ Biosphere 2.
‐ Biosphere 2.

825
00:50:37.203 --> 00:50:39.706
‐ Biosphere 2.
‐ Biosphere 2.

826
00:50:39.740 --> 00:50:42.308
‐ Biosphere 2.
‐ Biosphere 2.

827
00:50:42.342 --> 00:50:44.444
‐ Biosphera dos.
‐ Biosphere 2.

828
00:50:44.477 --> 00:50:46.246
‐ What an exciting assignment.

829
00:50:46.279 --> 00:50:48.214
‐ I'm telling you,
it was so incredible,

830
00:50:48.248 --> 00:50:51.184
and I just came back
from an ocean, a desert,

831
00:50:51.217 --> 00:50:54.521
a marsh,
a tropic zone, a savanna.

832
00:50:54.555 --> 00:50:56.356
‐ Ladies and gentlemen,
here is the president and CEO

833
00:50:56.389 --> 00:50:58.358
of Space Biosphere Ventures

834
00:50:58.391 --> 00:51:00.627
and five
of the eight Biospherians.

835
00:51:00.661 --> 00:51:01.795
Welcome them, please.

836
00:51:01.828 --> 00:51:03.396
Okay, have you got the picture?

837
00:51:03.429 --> 00:51:05.465
Is this something?
I'm telling you.

838
00:51:05.498 --> 00:51:08.134
‐ People wanted
to be enchanted.

839
00:51:08.168 --> 00:51:10.804
The notion
of eight human beings

840
00:51:10.837 --> 00:51:15.709
being separated from life,
from the availability of food.

841
00:51:15.742 --> 00:51:18.211
And I think it tapped
into something in people.

842
00:51:18.244 --> 00:51:20.547
♪ ♪

843
00:51:20.581 --> 00:51:24.518
‐ I had trepidation
that the media attention

844
00:51:24.551 --> 00:51:27.854
was too much, too soon,

845
00:51:27.888 --> 00:51:31.692
that we weren't
quite ready for that.

846
00:51:31.725 --> 00:51:34.327
‐ No air, water,
or other materials

847
00:51:34.360 --> 00:51:36.262
will pass
the airtight glass boundaries

848
00:51:36.296 --> 00:51:37.531
that enclose them.

849
00:51:37.564 --> 00:51:40.567
‐ But you get no new air
at all from the outside.

850
00:51:40.601 --> 00:51:42.836
‐ That's right. What we put in
when we enter in March

851
00:51:42.869 --> 00:51:44.705
is what we will have
in 100 years.

852
00:51:44.738 --> 00:51:46.339
‐ You don't cheat,
and take any air

853
00:51:46.372 --> 00:51:48.308
from the outside environment
into the Biosphere

854
00:51:48.341 --> 00:51:49.776
for the entire
two‐year experiment.

855
00:51:49.810 --> 00:51:51.612
‐ There won't be any cheating
for 100 years,

856
00:51:51.645 --> 00:51:55.381
not just the two years,
for the 100 years.

857
00:51:55.415 --> 00:51:58.619
‐ We were making it up
as we went.

858
00:51:58.652 --> 00:52:03.489
This was a group
that was sort of avant‐garde.

859
00:52:03.524 --> 00:52:09.395
‐ Today we're showing
my designs on two models.

860
00:52:09.429 --> 00:52:13.499
It'll work well for television
against the foliage,

861
00:52:13.534 --> 00:52:16.937
the rain forest,
the desert with the beige tone.

862
00:52:16.970 --> 00:52:19.405
That's why I believe
in clear red.

863
00:52:19.439 --> 00:52:22.375
[methodical waltz music]

864
00:52:22.408 --> 00:52:29.349
♪ ♪

865
00:52:31.451 --> 00:52:34.187
‐ Two of the Biospherians
are outside Biosphere 2

866
00:52:34.220 --> 00:52:35.889
this morning
in Oracle, Arizona.

867
00:52:35.922 --> 00:52:38.525
They are botanist Linda Leigh,
and the team's only physician,

868
00:52:38.559 --> 00:52:40.527
Dr. Roy Walford.
Good morning to both of you,

869
00:52:40.561 --> 00:52:43.296
and what in the heck
are you wearing?

870
00:52:43.329 --> 00:52:46.299
‐ Good morning.
Well, these are our suits,

871
00:52:46.332 --> 00:52:48.368
and uniforms that we wear

872
00:52:48.401 --> 00:52:49.402
on state occasions
like this one.

873
00:52:49.435 --> 00:52:51.605
<i>‐ Oh, I see.</i>
<i>You look like something</i>

874
00:52:51.638 --> 00:52:53.306
out of "Star Trek" to me.

875
00:52:53.339 --> 00:52:55.509
‐ Along with the debate
over whether this is science,

876
00:52:55.542 --> 00:52:58.478
or what critics call
ecological entertainment,

877
00:52:58.512 --> 00:53:00.480
there are some
darker questions.

878
00:53:00.514 --> 00:53:02.583
The idea for the Biosphere
was not born

879
00:53:02.616 --> 00:53:05.952
among a group of scientists.
It was born on a commune.

880
00:53:05.986 --> 00:53:07.788
In fact, some of those
who lived there

881
00:53:07.821 --> 00:53:10.256
say it had
the trappings of a cult.

882
00:53:10.290 --> 00:53:12.492
The questions center
around John Allen,

883
00:53:12.526 --> 00:53:14.327
the man considered
the driving force

884
00:53:14.360 --> 00:53:15.962
behind Biosphere 2.

885
00:53:15.996 --> 00:53:18.832
Three former residents
have told ABC News

886
00:53:18.865 --> 00:53:21.802
that Allen preached a blend
of ecology and doom.

887
00:53:21.835 --> 00:53:24.505
‐ There are accounts of how
the commune members took part

888
00:53:24.538 --> 00:53:27.473
in strange costumed rituals.

889
00:53:27.508 --> 00:53:29.776
A Biosphere 2 employee
told NBC News

890
00:53:29.810 --> 00:53:31.645
the people
running the project

891
00:53:31.678 --> 00:53:33.980
are an odd group
of individuals.

892
00:53:34.014 --> 00:53:36.883
He insisted on having
his identity protected.

893
00:53:36.917 --> 00:53:42.923
‐ They don't really strike me
as scientists,

894
00:53:42.956 --> 00:53:45.859
more like a group of people
thrown together

895
00:53:45.892 --> 00:53:47.894
and given a role to play.

896
00:53:47.928 --> 00:53:50.430
‐ The appetite
for sensationalism

897
00:53:50.463 --> 00:53:52.332
sells papers.

898
00:53:52.365 --> 00:53:56.502
Describing complex projects
doesn't sell papers.

899
00:53:56.537 --> 00:53:58.639
‐ Did you feel attacked?
‐ Well, I was attacked,

900
00:53:58.672 --> 00:54:01.975
but I didn't feel that I was.
[laughs]

901
00:54:02.008 --> 00:54:03.977
Here is your brainwashing
cult leader.

902
00:54:04.010 --> 00:54:05.612
[laughs]

903
00:54:05.646 --> 00:54:07.748
♪ ♪

904
00:54:07.781 --> 00:54:09.850
‐ I'm sure John felt
a huge amount of discomfort

905
00:54:09.883 --> 00:54:12.485
at having his accustomed role

906
00:54:12.519 --> 00:54:15.455
as director
of the drama threatened.

907
00:54:15.488 --> 00:54:18.358
‐ Right, grab that...

908
00:54:18.391 --> 00:54:23.630
‐ Frankly, I don't know
any human organization

909
00:54:23.664 --> 00:54:25.566
that does
an innovative startup

910
00:54:25.599 --> 00:54:28.501
that doesn't have
cult‐like aspects,

911
00:54:28.535 --> 00:54:30.904
especially
in the corporate sector.

912
00:54:30.937 --> 00:54:35.041
We are hardwired
to create cults

913
00:54:35.075 --> 00:54:37.878
in the innovative phase
of an organization.

914
00:54:43.016 --> 00:54:44.450
‐ Quick, the press is waiting!

915
00:54:44.484 --> 00:54:46.386
‐ [indistinct]
a new world and future.

916
00:54:46.419 --> 00:54:49.455
‐ From here to Mars!
‐ How exciting.

917
00:54:49.489 --> 00:54:51.825
‐ Smooth sailing.
‐ Younger every day.

918
00:54:51.858 --> 00:54:54.928
[laughter]

919
00:54:55.829 --> 00:54:58.464
‐ Before we went in,
we wrote a play

920
00:54:58.498 --> 00:55:00.100
called "The Wrong Stuff."

921
00:55:00.133 --> 00:55:02.703
‐ You must notify me at least
24 hours in advance

922
00:55:02.736 --> 00:55:05.772
of any water going either
into or out of the system.

923
00:55:06.507 --> 00:55:09.042
‐ Our play was everything
that could go wrong

924
00:55:09.075 --> 00:55:11.044
in the Biosphere went wrong,

925
00:55:11.745 --> 00:55:14.447
thinking that, okay,
if we did it on stage,

926
00:55:14.480 --> 00:55:16.983
then we don't have to do it
in the Biosphere.

927
00:55:17.017 --> 00:55:19.419
‐ [all chanting]
Flush one through the system.

928
00:55:19.452 --> 00:55:22.022
Flush one through the system.

929
00:55:22.055 --> 00:55:23.924
‐ Lunch.

930
00:55:23.957 --> 00:55:26.126
‐ French fries.

931
00:55:26.159 --> 00:55:28.529
[laughter]

932
00:55:28.562 --> 00:55:29.830
‐ ♪ We got the wrong stuff ♪

933
00:55:29.863 --> 00:55:32.666
♪ We got the wrong stuff,
we got the ♪

934
00:55:32.699 --> 00:55:35.068
♪ Got the wrong, wrong stuff ♪

935
00:55:35.101 --> 00:55:37.571
♪ And we're wrong ♪
‐ ♪ We're wrong ♪

936
00:55:37.604 --> 00:55:39.806
‐ ♪ We're wrong ♪
‐ ♪ We're wrong ♪

937
00:55:39.840 --> 00:55:41.842
‐ We're wrong.
‐ Yeah, we're wrong!

938
00:55:41.875 --> 00:55:44.845
[ominous music]

939
00:55:44.878 --> 00:55:51.818
♪ ♪

940
00:56:37.130 --> 00:56:39.966
‐ How can you prepare yourself
for something

941
00:56:40.000 --> 00:56:42.803
that you don't
even know what it is?

942
00:56:42.836 --> 00:56:44.838
That's what an expedition is.

943
00:56:44.871 --> 00:56:47.641
It's a journey
into the unknown.

944
00:56:47.674 --> 00:56:49.810
‐ We can be a threat
to our biosphere,

945
00:56:49.843 --> 00:56:54.447
play a destructive role,
or we can be stewards,

946
00:56:54.480 --> 00:56:56.182
contributing
to the reciprocal maintenance

947
00:56:56.216 --> 00:56:58.151
of natural ecological
processes.

948
00:56:58.184 --> 00:57:00.654
♪ ♪

949
00:57:00.687 --> 00:57:03.624
[cheers and applause]

950
00:57:03.657 --> 00:57:10.597
♪ ♪

951
00:57:19.806 --> 00:57:21.908
‐ Push, push, push, push.

952
00:57:21.942 --> 00:57:23.777
‐ Let me‐‐let me
close it, please.

953
00:57:23.810 --> 00:57:25.145
Be careful with it.
Okay, please?

954
00:57:25.178 --> 00:57:26.046
Yeah, I need to close it.
[indistinct]

955
00:57:26.079 --> 00:57:27.147
‐ Okay.

956
00:57:27.180 --> 00:57:28.649
‐ [indistinct]
Okay.

957
00:57:28.682 --> 00:57:30.016
‐ Let her do it.
Let her do it.

958
00:57:30.050 --> 00:57:31.885
Let her do it.

959
00:57:31.918 --> 00:57:33.486
Okay.
‐ She do it?

960
00:57:33.520 --> 00:57:35.055
‐ Here.
Get back.

961
00:57:35.088 --> 00:57:36.857
‐ [laughs]

962
00:57:36.890 --> 00:57:39.793
[cheers and applause]

963
00:57:52.639 --> 00:57:54.741
[gentle music]

964
00:57:54.775 --> 00:57:57.944
‐ It was such a relief when
the cameras were finally off.

965
00:57:57.978 --> 00:58:04.150
♪ ♪

966
00:58:04.184 --> 00:58:05.719
‐ I went into
the wilderness area,

967
00:58:05.752 --> 00:58:07.854
which was the area
that I was managing.

968
00:58:07.888 --> 00:58:10.791
♪ ♪

969
00:58:10.824 --> 00:58:13.293
And I rained,
I turned the rain on.

970
00:58:13.326 --> 00:58:20.266
♪ ♪

971
00:58:25.739 --> 00:58:28.308
It was just to wash
all the air, thinking,

972
00:58:28.341 --> 00:58:30.844
"Okay, let's just wash
all this other stuff

973
00:58:30.877 --> 00:58:32.646
out of here and begin anew."

974
00:58:32.679 --> 00:58:39.620
♪ ♪

975
00:58:51.364 --> 00:58:55.736
‐ The reality that it was just
the eight of us

976
00:58:55.769 --> 00:58:59.139
in this amazing new world

977
00:58:59.172 --> 00:59:00.907
started to hit.

978
00:59:00.941 --> 00:59:06.613
♪ ♪

979
00:59:06.647 --> 00:59:09.149
You can think and think
and think and think about,

980
00:59:09.182 --> 00:59:11.852
"Oh, I'm going away
for two years,"

981
00:59:11.885 --> 00:59:15.622
but suddenly,
wow, we're here.

982
00:59:15.656 --> 00:59:22.295
♪ ♪

983
00:59:22.328 --> 00:59:24.130
You know, we were pioneers.

984
00:59:24.164 --> 00:59:27.968
We were
the first Biospherians.

985
00:59:28.001 --> 00:59:31.137
There was also this pride.

986
00:59:31.171 --> 00:59:33.907
Hey, you've given us
a new world to, you know,

987
00:59:33.940 --> 00:59:35.609
figure out how to live in,

988
00:59:35.642 --> 00:59:37.243
and we're gonna grow up
with this thing.

989
00:59:37.277 --> 00:59:39.012
We're gonna take care of it.

990
00:59:39.045 --> 00:59:41.815
["This Must Be The Place"
by Talking Heads playing]

991
00:59:41.848 --> 00:59:48.789
♪ ♪

992
00:59:52.092 --> 00:59:55.929
‐ ♪ Home is where
I want to be ♪

993
00:59:55.962 --> 00:59:59.733
♪ Pick me up
and turn me round ♪

994
00:59:59.766 --> 01:00:02.368
‐ Sally Silverstone‐‐
she used to joke,

995
01:00:02.402 --> 01:00:05.171
"I managed a mental hospital
in India.

996
01:00:05.205 --> 01:00:07.741
"You know, that's nothing
compared to managing

997
01:00:07.774 --> 01:00:10.010
eight Biospherians."

998
01:00:10.043 --> 01:00:12.946
‐ I was a huge space nut
when I was a kid.

999
01:00:12.979 --> 01:00:16.049
I loved the idea
of colonizing other planets.

1000
01:00:16.082 --> 01:00:18.084
I loved science fiction movies

1001
01:00:18.118 --> 01:00:20.386
where people were all living
under glass domes,

1002
01:00:20.420 --> 01:00:23.056
and, you know,
growing their own food.

1003
01:00:23.089 --> 01:00:26.426
I was really interested to see
if we were going to be able

1004
01:00:26.459 --> 01:00:30.997
to feed ourselves off
this tiny piece of land.

1005
01:00:31.031 --> 01:00:34.735
‐ Taber MacCallum,
the wunderkind of Biosphere 2.

1006
01:00:35.401 --> 01:00:39.305
‐ Taber is a genius, so he
brought that to the table,

1007
01:00:39.339 --> 01:00:43.109
but he also really knew a lot
about closed systems

1008
01:00:43.143 --> 01:00:45.145
from his experience in diving,

1009
01:00:45.178 --> 01:00:47.280
so he did a lot
of the work involved

1010
01:00:47.313 --> 01:00:50.283
with testing of the atmosphere
and soils.

1011
01:00:50.316 --> 01:00:53.720
♪ ♪

1012
01:00:53.754 --> 01:00:57.023
‐ Jane Pointer, our field
manager of the agriculture.

1013
01:00:57.057 --> 01:00:59.960
‐ Jane was wonderful
with the animal systems.

1014
01:00:59.993 --> 01:01:02.963
She took care of our chickens
and our goats,

1015
01:01:02.996 --> 01:01:04.397
our wonderful goats.

1016
01:01:04.430 --> 01:01:09.402
♪ ♪

1017
01:01:09.435 --> 01:01:11.705
‐ Taber and Jane,

1018
01:01:11.738 --> 01:01:15.075
and Gay, Laser‐‐
they were couples,

1019
01:01:15.108 --> 01:01:18.144
you know, before they came in.

1020
01:01:18.178 --> 01:01:22.415
Laser, he appears,
and he can fix anything.

1021
01:01:22.448 --> 01:01:29.222
‐ So he knew that thing
like the back of his hand.

1022
01:01:29.255 --> 01:01:31.892
‐ Gay Alling,
the marine biologist.

1023
01:01:31.925 --> 01:01:35.261
‐ She had put
this little ocean together

1024
01:01:35.295 --> 01:01:36.963
against all odds.

1025
01:01:36.997 --> 01:01:40.433
♪ ♪

1026
01:01:40.466 --> 01:01:43.236
‐ Roy Walford was
our medical officer.

1027
01:01:43.269 --> 01:01:45.506
He was a great scientist,

1028
01:01:45.539 --> 01:01:50.844
looking at the effect of diet
on the aging process.

1029
01:01:50.877 --> 01:01:53.914
‐ Each week, Dr. Roy Walford
swims two miles

1030
01:01:53.947 --> 01:01:55.749
and then runs another ten.

1031
01:01:55.782 --> 01:01:58.952
You probably wouldn't guess
he was 60 years old.

1032
01:01:58.985 --> 01:02:01.221
What's more,
Dr. Walford says at that age,

1033
01:02:01.254 --> 01:02:03.757
his life is only
about half over.

1034
01:02:03.790 --> 01:02:06.092
120 years, he says,

1035
01:02:06.126 --> 01:02:08.394
is his life expectancy,
maybe more.

1036
01:02:08.428 --> 01:02:12.098
‐ Roy was your archetypal
mad scientist‐

1037
01:02:12.132 --> 01:02:16.369
cum‐avant‐garde theater person
and explorer,

1038
01:02:16.402 --> 01:02:18.505
rolled up into one.

1039
01:02:18.539 --> 01:02:21.241
‐ ♪ Nothing ♪

1040
01:02:21.274 --> 01:02:23.143
♪ ♪

1041
01:02:23.176 --> 01:02:25.378
‐ We were all working together

1042
01:02:25.411 --> 01:02:27.548
because we all had
this common goal,

1043
01:02:27.581 --> 01:02:31.217
and it was something
we all really believed in.

1044
01:02:31.251 --> 01:02:33.520
♪ ♪

1045
01:02:33.554 --> 01:02:36.489
[somber orchestral music]

1046
01:02:36.523 --> 01:02:43.429
♪ ♪

1047
01:02:46.332 --> 01:02:49.035
‐ My absolute joy
inside Biosphere 2

1048
01:02:49.069 --> 01:02:53.574
was to get up really,
really early in the morning,

1049
01:02:53.607 --> 01:02:57.343
to just go out onto
the little balcony overlooked

1050
01:02:57.377 --> 01:02:59.445
our agricultural system.

1051
01:02:59.479 --> 01:03:01.081
Very early in the morning,

1052
01:03:01.114 --> 01:03:03.316
I'd make myself
a cup of mint tea

1053
01:03:03.349 --> 01:03:06.386
and just watch the sun
come up over the Biosphere.

1054
01:03:06.419 --> 01:03:08.589
It was absolutely phenomenal.

1055
01:03:08.622 --> 01:03:12.559
♪ ♪

1056
01:03:12.593 --> 01:03:15.562
[chimes ringing]

1057
01:03:15.596 --> 01:03:18.198
♪ ♪

1058
01:03:19.465 --> 01:03:23.403
[indistinct speech]

1059
01:03:23.436 --> 01:03:25.371
‐ [laughs]

1060
01:04:06.112 --> 01:04:09.049
[light music]

1061
01:04:09.082 --> 01:04:16.289
♪ ♪

1062
01:04:17.223 --> 01:04:19.059
‐ We have to take care
of our Biosphere,

1063
01:04:19.092 --> 01:04:20.594
because it's gonna
take care of us.

1064
01:04:20.627 --> 01:04:26.299
♪ ♪

1065
01:04:26.332 --> 01:04:30.003
Everything was being recycled.
Everything was being replaced.

1066
01:04:30.036 --> 01:04:33.473
The nutrients were all being
put back into the same system.

1067
01:04:33.507 --> 01:04:39.212
♪ ♪

1068
01:04:39.245 --> 01:04:41.615
‐ Everyone was super aware
that Biosphere 2

1069
01:04:41.648 --> 01:04:46.019
was literally our lifeboat.

1070
01:04:46.052 --> 01:04:49.155
We had to manage carefully
the cycles

1071
01:04:49.189 --> 01:04:51.625
of carbon dioxide and oxygen,

1072
01:04:51.658 --> 01:04:54.427
because our greatest fear
was that CO2

1073
01:04:54.460 --> 01:04:56.162
was going to get so high

1074
01:04:56.196 --> 01:04:58.298
that we'd be driven
out of the biosphere.

1075
01:04:58.331 --> 01:05:01.267
♪ ♪

1076
01:05:01.301 --> 01:05:03.403
‐ I loved seeing

1077
01:05:03.436 --> 01:05:07.273
the consequences
of my actions right away.

1078
01:05:07.307 --> 01:05:10.711
If I picked a sweet potato
out of the soil,

1079
01:05:10.744 --> 01:05:14.314
there would be
a poof of carbon dioxide.

1080
01:05:14.347 --> 01:05:16.683
We could kind of get
a good feeling

1081
01:05:16.717 --> 01:05:20.020
for what our impact was
on the atmosphere.

1082
01:05:20.053 --> 01:05:22.388
‐ I have
a personal relationship

1083
01:05:22.422 --> 01:05:26.560
with every single plant
in the rain forest,

1084
01:05:26.593 --> 01:05:32.298
in the savanna, in the desert,
either having touched it

1085
01:05:32.332 --> 01:05:39.105
because I collected it,
or grew it, or accessioned it,

1086
01:05:39.139 --> 01:05:43.610
or photographed it,
planted it, propagated it.

1087
01:05:43.644 --> 01:05:47.714
I have connections with the
whole world of life in here.

1088
01:05:47.748 --> 01:05:50.551
[warm brass music]

1089
01:05:50.584 --> 01:05:53.219
♪ ♪

1090
01:05:53.253 --> 01:05:56.623
‐ Roy was filming continually.

1091
01:05:56.657 --> 01:06:03.597
♪ ♪

1092
01:06:06.299 --> 01:06:09.069
Roy's filming of life

1093
01:06:09.102 --> 01:06:13.373
inside Biosphere 2
is tremendously valuable data.

1094
01:06:13.406 --> 01:06:16.476
‐ We were learning
the most phenomenal amount

1095
01:06:16.510 --> 01:06:18.645
from that system.

1096
01:06:18.679 --> 01:06:23.016
‐ We actually had 64 separate
research projects going on.

1097
01:06:23.049 --> 01:06:26.286
There were over 1,000 sensors,

1098
01:06:26.319 --> 01:06:30.557
tons and tons of data.

1099
01:06:30.591 --> 01:06:34.661
We were monitoring critical
vectors like trace gases

1100
01:06:34.695 --> 01:06:37.497
and what was happening
with the atmosphere.

1101
01:06:37.531 --> 01:06:40.033
Everything accelerated.

1102
01:06:40.066 --> 01:06:41.768
The cycles were literally

1103
01:06:41.802 --> 01:06:45.639
thousands of times faster
in Biosphere 2.

1104
01:06:45.672 --> 01:06:48.474
‐ I'm making measurements
in the analytical lab

1105
01:06:48.509 --> 01:06:50.110
so that we can
better understand

1106
01:06:50.143 --> 01:06:52.412
the biogeochemical cycles

1107
01:06:52.445 --> 01:06:54.480
that are occurring
in Biosphere 2.

1108
01:06:54.515 --> 01:06:57.417
‐ With the conventional
scientific thinking,

1109
01:06:57.450 --> 01:07:00.353
you had hypotheses,

1110
01:07:00.386 --> 01:07:03.289
but we did
a lot of what we did

1111
01:07:03.323 --> 01:07:07.360
based on more of a different
way of doing science.

1112
01:07:07.393 --> 01:07:12.666
The idea was, here's all this
stuff, and what's gonna happen?

1113
01:07:14.701 --> 01:07:19.205
‐ The planet urgently needs
to study biospheres.

1114
01:07:19.239 --> 01:07:23.409
This is the first laboratory.

1115
01:07:23.443 --> 01:07:25.679
If we can transplant
a coral reef

1116
01:07:25.712 --> 01:07:29.182
and keep it healthy,

1117
01:07:29.215 --> 01:07:31.852
if we can run a farm
and not pollute the atmosphere

1118
01:07:31.885 --> 01:07:36.523
and the water,
recycle all the nutrients,

1119
01:07:36.557 --> 01:07:39.125
there are huge lessons
to be learned here.

1120
01:07:39.159 --> 01:07:43.797
‐ Okay, I'd like to welcome
everybody to Biosphere 2.

1121
01:07:43.830 --> 01:07:45.231
‐ Come on in.
‐ Thank you.

1122
01:07:45.265 --> 01:07:47.534
‐ All right, thank you.

1123
01:07:47.568 --> 01:07:51.137
‐ That is Mark Nelson.

1124
01:07:51.171 --> 01:07:52.873
Mark Nelson.

1125
01:07:52.906 --> 01:07:55.175
He's the
communication officer inside.

1126
01:07:55.208 --> 01:07:56.877
[upbeat music]

1127
01:07:56.910 --> 01:07:59.846
‐ People started showing up,
wanting to see everything,

1128
01:07:59.880 --> 01:08:01.682
and they wanted tours.

1129
01:08:01.715 --> 01:08:03.850
They'd heard
about this amazing place.

1130
01:08:03.884 --> 01:08:06.119
So we set up a visitor center.

1131
01:08:06.152 --> 01:08:10.857
We were hoping that that would
pay for a great deal of it,

1132
01:08:10.891 --> 01:08:12.593
which it didn't.

1133
01:08:12.626 --> 01:08:15.228
♪ ♪

1134
01:08:15.261 --> 01:08:17.497
‐ Where do we get the T‐shirts?

1135
01:08:17.531 --> 01:08:19.633
‐ What we're upset is that

1136
01:08:19.666 --> 01:08:21.535
there's no multiculturalism
inside.

1137
01:08:21.568 --> 01:08:23.570
‐ I would like to know‐‐
I would like to know

1138
01:08:23.604 --> 01:08:25.672
what a young black woman
from Brooklyn

1139
01:08:25.706 --> 01:08:28.642
would do in a biosphere, huh?

1140
01:08:28.675 --> 01:08:30.677
‐ Nothing can get in,
and nothing can get out.

1141
01:08:30.711 --> 01:08:33.880
I'm wondering‐‐I'm wondering
how long they can last in there

1142
01:08:33.914 --> 01:08:35.582
without getting sick
or something.

1143
01:08:35.616 --> 01:08:37.584
‐ Emily, you think
you're gonna live in a place

1144
01:08:37.618 --> 01:08:39.686
like that someday?
Yeah?

1145
01:08:39.720 --> 01:08:42.488
‐ This is an excellent model
for the future,

1146
01:08:42.523 --> 01:08:44.558
but it won't work.
People are too mean.

1147
01:08:44.591 --> 01:08:48.929
People are too abusive, yeah.
People abuse our world.

1148
01:08:48.962 --> 01:08:50.931
Our world's
going down the tubes.

1149
01:08:50.964 --> 01:08:53.366
‐ The Biosphere dazzles
the eye.

1150
01:08:53.399 --> 01:08:54.835
There is no dispute
about that.

1151
01:08:54.868 --> 01:08:56.803
But is it science?

1152
01:08:56.837 --> 01:08:59.139
‐ It is a great adventure.

1153
01:08:59.640 --> 01:09:01.808
And as adventure,
you know, fine.

1154
01:09:01.842 --> 01:09:03.710
That's not science.

1155
01:09:03.744 --> 01:09:06.379
‐ University of Texas
ecologist Bassett McGuire

1156
01:09:06.412 --> 01:09:07.848
and other scientists say

1157
01:09:07.881 --> 01:09:10.450
no matter what happens
inside the Biosphere,

1158
01:09:10.483 --> 01:09:13.386
nothing will be proved,
because the showy experiment

1159
01:09:13.419 --> 01:09:16.256
cannot be duplicated
to double‐check results,

1160
01:09:16.289 --> 01:09:19.626
and they say the project
combines too many unknowns.

1161
01:09:19.660 --> 01:09:21.628
‐ So, if this isn't science,
what is it?

1162
01:09:22.295 --> 01:09:25.231
‐ Well, I like to describe
Biosphere 2

1163
01:09:25.265 --> 01:09:26.967
as trendy
ecological entertainment.

1164
01:09:27.000 --> 01:09:33.940
♪ ♪

1165
01:09:42.983 --> 01:09:44.618
‐ We were having

1166
01:09:44.651 --> 01:09:47.420
such a wonderful time
in there,

1167
01:09:47.453 --> 01:09:51.558
and then this really
shocking thing happened.

1168
01:09:51.592 --> 01:09:55.829
Jane Pointer put her hand
into a grain threshing machine

1169
01:09:55.862 --> 01:09:59.866
without turning it off.

1170
01:09:59.900 --> 01:10:02.903
I actually remember unpacking
the threshing machine

1171
01:10:02.936 --> 01:10:04.738
and finding
the tip of her finger.

1172
01:10:04.771 --> 01:10:08.341
[string music]

1173
01:10:08.374 --> 01:10:09.743
‐ There was debate
whether it would be

1174
01:10:09.776 --> 01:10:14.280
a breach of protocol
for her to leave.

1175
01:10:14.314 --> 01:10:16.917
‐ Go out and see
a hand surgeon...

1176
01:10:16.950 --> 01:10:18.952
‐ You mean I'd have to go out?

1177
01:10:18.985 --> 01:10:21.454
‐ [indistinct]

1178
01:10:21.487 --> 01:10:23.724
‐ We decided, okay,

1179
01:10:23.757 --> 01:10:26.459
if Jane eats nothing
outside...

1180
01:10:26.492 --> 01:10:29.329
♪ ♪

1181
01:10:29.362 --> 01:10:32.265
Goes to the hospital
in the ambulance with me,

1182
01:10:32.298 --> 01:10:33.634
I'm there the whole time

1183
01:10:33.667 --> 01:10:37.003
to make sure
nothing non‐kosher happens,

1184
01:10:37.037 --> 01:10:39.740
and then we bring her back
through the airlock.

1185
01:10:39.773 --> 01:10:43.343
[cheers and applause]

1186
01:10:43.376 --> 01:10:45.579
‐ Bye again!

1187
01:10:45.612 --> 01:10:47.013
‐ Bye again.

1188
01:10:47.047 --> 01:10:50.984
‐ And we thought
it would be just a blip.

1189
01:10:51.017 --> 01:10:53.554
♪ ♪

1190
01:10:53.587 --> 01:10:56.289
‐ Biospherian Jane Pointer had
to emerge briefly

1191
01:10:56.322 --> 01:10:58.625
for surgery on a finger.

1192
01:10:58.659 --> 01:11:00.894
It was later learned
that she carried a duffel bag

1193
01:11:00.927 --> 01:11:03.530
full of supplies
back in with her.

1194
01:11:03.564 --> 01:11:05.532
‐ I put some of the stuff
in the bag.

1195
01:11:07.634 --> 01:11:10.070
You know, what could one say?
What are you doing?

1196
01:11:10.103 --> 01:11:11.437
Bringing stuff
in the Biosphere?

1197
01:11:11.471 --> 01:11:13.473
Bad news.

1198
01:11:13.507 --> 01:11:16.009
‐ And she came back
with two duffel bags.

1199
01:11:16.042 --> 01:11:19.880
Computer parts,
maybe an extra T‐shirt.

1200
01:11:19.913 --> 01:11:24.484
♪ ♪

1201
01:11:24.518 --> 01:11:26.052
It's a really
interesting thing

1202
01:11:26.086 --> 01:11:27.754
to see how the media

1203
01:11:27.788 --> 01:11:31.925
suddenly made Biosphere 2
into a game show

1204
01:11:31.958 --> 01:11:34.561
where the only question was,

1205
01:11:34.595 --> 01:11:36.730
will eight people stay in there
for two years,

1206
01:11:36.763 --> 01:11:38.765
and will everything
work perfectly?

1207
01:11:38.799 --> 01:11:40.901
‐ Directors
of the Biosphere 2 project

1208
01:11:40.934 --> 01:11:42.468
are defending themselves

1209
01:11:42.502 --> 01:11:44.771
against charges
of public deception.

1210
01:11:44.805 --> 01:11:46.640
‐ In the forefront now
is the question

1211
01:11:46.673 --> 01:11:47.941
of whether living

1212
01:11:47.974 --> 01:11:50.677
in this earthbound
enclosed environment

1213
01:11:50.711 --> 01:11:53.647
is possible without
a lot of help from the outside.

1214
01:11:53.680 --> 01:11:55.616
♪ ♪

1215
01:11:55.649 --> 01:12:00.854
‐ Once the negativity started,
John was very upset and hurt.

1216
01:12:02.523 --> 01:12:04.558
‐ Don't show that,
or I'm gonna do something.

1217
01:12:05.892 --> 01:12:07.928
‐ There was a lot of paranoia.

1218
01:12:07.961 --> 01:12:11.732
Margaret and John wanted
to control the situation.

1219
01:12:11.765 --> 01:12:13.466
I told Margaret,

1220
01:12:13.499 --> 01:12:18.138
"Disclose everything
and we'll be all right,"

1221
01:12:18.171 --> 01:12:21.942
but Margaret did not agree
with this point of view.

1222
01:12:21.975 --> 01:12:23.710
‐ Margaret,
I'd like to ask you something,

1223
01:12:23.744 --> 01:12:26.713
because from the tone of it,
I'm a little surprised.

1224
01:12:26.747 --> 01:12:28.582
You're making it sound
as though

1225
01:12:28.615 --> 01:12:31.952
this is
part of normal procedure.

1226
01:12:31.985 --> 01:12:35.922
‐ Margaret and John started
to become more secretive,

1227
01:12:35.956 --> 01:12:38.825
and this only reinforced

1228
01:12:38.859 --> 01:12:41.595
the idea that there
was something to hide.

1229
01:12:41.628 --> 01:12:47.000
♪ ♪

1230
01:13:10.691 --> 01:13:12.926
‐ I tell you what was
really stressful is,

1231
01:13:12.959 --> 01:13:14.761
when Jane got back in,

1232
01:13:14.795 --> 01:13:18.599
she was pretty much
incapacitated.

1233
01:13:18.632 --> 01:13:20.767
We had to take up
her farming work.

1234
01:13:20.801 --> 01:13:23.670
[serene music]

1235
01:13:23.704 --> 01:13:25.606
And I do remember, you know,

1236
01:13:25.639 --> 01:13:30.043
Roy, pretty early on, saying
that he resented

1237
01:13:30.076 --> 01:13:33.714
that he didn't have
as much time to do research

1238
01:13:33.747 --> 01:13:36.650
because he was taking part
in farming chores.

1239
01:13:36.683 --> 01:13:41.221
♪ ♪

1240
01:13:41.254 --> 01:13:43.924
People are people,
and, you know,

1241
01:13:43.957 --> 01:13:46.960
squabbling,
and personality conflicts.

1242
01:13:46.993 --> 01:13:48.895
‐ Oh, for heaven's sake.
‐ Eek!

1243
01:13:48.929 --> 01:13:52.465
[indistinct]
I dropped my shears.

1244
01:13:52.498 --> 01:13:54.167
‐ Don't get so excited
you fall, Jane.

1245
01:13:54.200 --> 01:13:56.803
It's not worth it
for a cockroach.

1246
01:14:00.206 --> 01:14:01.141
‐ What?

1247
01:14:03.810 --> 01:14:05.679
‐ Nobody knew what
it would be like

1248
01:14:05.712 --> 01:14:08.715
to live with seven people
for two years.

1249
01:14:08.749 --> 01:14:13.219
♪ ♪

1250
01:14:13.253 --> 01:14:17.791
‐ Nothing improved morale
like a really good meal.

1251
01:14:17.824 --> 01:14:25.031
♪ ♪

1252
01:14:25.732 --> 01:14:28.769
We had no artificial sugar
at all inside Biosphere 2,

1253
01:14:28.802 --> 01:14:31.538
so all of our birthday cakes
were banana‐flavored.

1254
01:14:31.572 --> 01:14:33.740
♪ ♪

1255
01:14:33.774 --> 01:14:36.843
I was really proud
of my birthday cakes,

1256
01:14:36.877 --> 01:14:40.547
because it was extremely
difficult to make a cake

1257
01:14:40.581 --> 01:14:46.820
with no butter, a few eggs,
hardly any oil, and no sugar.

1258
01:14:46.853 --> 01:14:48.789
♪ ♪

1259
01:14:48.822 --> 01:14:52.158
I knew that cake was
gonna disappear in seconds.

1260
01:14:52.192 --> 01:14:55.261
♪ ♪

1261
01:14:55.295 --> 01:14:58.865
Banana was the best candidate
to try and make wine.

1262
01:14:58.899 --> 01:15:04.037
I think the banana wine might
have been good eventually,

1263
01:15:04.070 --> 01:15:06.873
but it never lived that long.

1264
01:15:06.907 --> 01:15:08.975
The minute it had
alcoholic content,

1265
01:15:09.009 --> 01:15:09.976
that was it.

1266
01:15:10.010 --> 01:15:11.177
♪ ♪

1267
01:15:39.973 --> 01:15:42.876
[vocal music playing on radio]

1268
01:15:42.909 --> 01:15:49.115
♪ ♪

1269
01:16:02.663 --> 01:16:05.632
[upbeat music]

1270
01:16:05.666 --> 01:16:12.673
♪ ♪

1271
01:16:12.706 --> 01:16:15.609
[relaxed music playing]

1272
01:16:15.642 --> 01:16:22.583
♪ ♪

1273
01:17:19.472 --> 01:17:22.408
[gentle piano music]

1274
01:17:22.442 --> 01:17:29.850
♪ ♪

1275
01:17:30.817 --> 01:17:35.989
‐ I had this dream Biosphere 2
is starting to levitate.

1276
01:17:36.022 --> 01:17:39.459
It's starting to go
into orbit,

1277
01:17:39.492 --> 01:17:41.261
and so I'm madly running,

1278
01:17:41.294 --> 01:17:43.263
and I'm saying,
you know, the other seven,

1279
01:17:43.296 --> 01:17:45.231
we're all running to be
the first people

1280
01:17:45.265 --> 01:17:48.001
to see the Earth
from inside Biosphere 2.

1281
01:17:48.034 --> 01:17:51.905
♪ ♪

1282
01:17:51.938 --> 01:17:54.941
We were like an intrepid
group of astronauts.

1283
01:17:54.975 --> 01:18:00.981
♪ ♪

1284
01:18:01.014 --> 01:18:03.416
We're on the Moon, or Mars.

1285
01:18:03.449 --> 01:18:10.256
♪ ♪

1286
01:18:17.430 --> 01:18:23.870
‐ I was outside looking in,
working with mission control.

1287
01:18:23.904 --> 01:18:25.772
‐ Take a little tour around.

1288
01:18:25.806 --> 01:18:29.375
This is the computer room,
the Telex room.

1289
01:18:29.409 --> 01:18:33.880
‐ Mission control
was an entire team

1290
01:18:33.914 --> 01:18:39.452
recording the data
from Biosphere 2.

1291
01:18:39.485 --> 01:18:41.988
‐ My office was in
mission control,

1292
01:18:42.022 --> 01:18:45.325
on second floor, right down
the hall from the CEO.

1293
01:18:45.358 --> 01:18:47.293
[synth music]

1294
01:18:47.327 --> 01:18:49.930
When you're doing
the finance ends of things,

1295
01:18:49.963 --> 01:18:51.765
you're not a front person.

1296
01:18:51.798 --> 01:18:54.000
You're hidden
behind the scenes.

1297
01:18:54.034 --> 01:18:56.402
♪ ♪

1298
01:18:56.436 --> 01:18:59.339
And I made it a purpose often
to run around the Biosphere

1299
01:18:59.372 --> 01:19:03.844
most every day,

1300
01:19:03.877 --> 01:19:07.313
and look at it.
That was my exercise.

1301
01:19:07.347 --> 01:19:09.950
That was my daily run.

1302
01:19:09.983 --> 01:19:11.985
♪ ♪

1303
01:19:12.018 --> 01:19:14.154
I‐‐yeah, I felt
very, very connected

1304
01:19:14.187 --> 01:19:15.989
to everybody in there.

1305
01:19:16.022 --> 01:19:22.963
♪ ♪

1306
01:19:25.298 --> 01:19:27.467
‐ Every day,
John was in mission control

1307
01:19:27.500 --> 01:19:30.036
monitoring the project.

1308
01:19:30.070 --> 01:19:33.940
People had
different pressures on them

1309
01:19:33.974 --> 01:19:36.176
by the enormity of the project

1310
01:19:36.209 --> 01:19:42.148
and its profile in the media.
John Allen‐‐

1311
01:19:42.182 --> 01:19:45.251
he's always thinking
about the project itself,

1312
01:19:45.285 --> 01:19:47.287
thinking about
every possible thing

1313
01:19:47.320 --> 01:19:48.922
that he thought
could go wrong.

1314
01:19:48.955 --> 01:19:55.896
♪ ♪

1315
01:20:02.468 --> 01:20:05.271
‐ There was this mysterious
thing that happened,

1316
01:20:05.305 --> 01:20:09.475
a sudden spike increase in CO2.

1317
01:20:09.510 --> 01:20:11.077
‐ I mean, it was
a substantial rise

1318
01:20:11.111 --> 01:20:14.848
in carbon dioxide.

1319
01:20:14.881 --> 01:20:17.317
‐ I couldn't finish
a long sentence

1320
01:20:17.350 --> 01:20:19.452
without stopping to take
a breath or two.

1321
01:20:19.485 --> 01:20:21.021
‐ Walking up the steps,

1322
01:20:21.054 --> 01:20:22.989
I could only walk
a couple steps,

1323
01:20:23.023 --> 01:20:28.128
and then I'd have to stop
and take a breath.

1324
01:20:28.161 --> 01:20:29.930
‐ You know,
the onset of winter

1325
01:20:29.963 --> 01:20:31.464
was kind of scary times.

1326
01:20:31.497 --> 01:20:35.368
♪ ♪

1327
01:20:35.401 --> 01:20:39.973
As the days got shorter,
we were pretty scared, one,

1328
01:20:40.006 --> 01:20:42.275
that we couldn't control CO2.

1329
01:20:42.308 --> 01:20:46.446
Whereas food also got shorter,
crops took longer to mature.

1330
01:20:46.479 --> 01:20:49.616
♪ ♪

1331
01:20:49.650 --> 01:20:52.085
‐ We had to make
some pretty hard decisions,

1332
01:20:52.118 --> 01:20:56.122
because some crops
were just way more productive

1333
01:20:56.156 --> 01:20:57.958
than others,
even though we might have been

1334
01:20:57.991 --> 01:21:01.528
sick of eating
that particular thing.

1335
01:21:01.562 --> 01:21:07.067
Beetroot soup, beetroot salad,
and with a side of beetroot.

1336
01:21:07.100 --> 01:21:10.971
♪ ♪

1337
01:21:11.004 --> 01:21:13.273
Roy Walford,
who was our doctor‐‐

1338
01:21:13.306 --> 01:21:16.276
his theory was that
a low calorie diet

1339
01:21:16.309 --> 01:21:20.313
was the secret to longevity.

1340
01:21:20.346 --> 01:21:24.050
‐ Roy's whole thing was that
if you did it intelligently,

1341
01:21:24.084 --> 01:21:29.055
you could half starve to death
and live well to 120 years.

1342
01:21:29.089 --> 01:21:32.258
‐ And this was the perfect
research opportunity for him.

1343
01:21:32.292 --> 01:21:37.598
♪ ♪

1344
01:21:37.631 --> 01:21:42.536
‐ I made this calculation.
If this weight loss continues,

1345
01:21:42.569 --> 01:21:46.006
I will be ‐90 pounds
when I leave.

1346
01:21:46.039 --> 01:21:48.975
[somber music]

1347
01:21:49.009 --> 01:21:53.479
♪ ♪

1348
01:21:53.514 --> 01:21:56.149
‐ We saw that the oxygen was
really getting low,

1349
01:21:56.182 --> 01:22:00.320
to a point where
it could cause brain damage,

1350
01:22:00.353 --> 01:22:03.223
and I think one of the reasons
that our group of eight

1351
01:22:03.256 --> 01:22:06.259
were belligerent
towards each other was,

1352
01:22:06.292 --> 01:22:09.530
we were suffocating
and starving.

1353
01:22:09.563 --> 01:22:11.497
‐ Started out
by fucking saying,

1354
01:22:11.532 --> 01:22:13.534
I'm staying down here,
watching the creek.

1355
01:22:13.567 --> 01:22:17.738
♪ ♪

1356
01:22:17.771 --> 01:22:20.707
‐ The fighting is taking away
from us coalescing

1357
01:22:20.741 --> 01:22:24.177
as a group
to accomplish our objectives.

1358
01:22:24.210 --> 01:22:26.312
‐ John said,
"Oh, you need to start

1359
01:22:26.346 --> 01:22:27.714
"doing some advanced yoga

1360
01:22:27.748 --> 01:22:30.016
so you don't use
as much oxygen."

1361
01:22:30.050 --> 01:22:31.685
♪ ♪

1362
01:22:31.718 --> 01:22:34.154
I started to resent
John Allen.

1363
01:22:34.187 --> 01:22:37.190
♪ ♪

1364
01:22:37.223 --> 01:22:40.694
‐ We had occasional meetings
with John via video.

1365
01:22:40.727 --> 01:22:42.696
♪ ♪

1366
01:22:42.729 --> 01:22:46.567
There was a lot of personal
animosities towards John.

1367
01:22:46.600 --> 01:22:52.038
♪ ♪

1368
01:22:52.072 --> 01:22:56.176
‐ John Allen controls who gets
to communicate with whom.

1369
01:22:56.209 --> 01:22:58.679
‐ Mm‐hmm.
‐ And there are certain people

1370
01:22:58.712 --> 01:23:01.481
that I'm not supposed
to talk to who are scientists,

1371
01:23:01.515 --> 01:23:03.349
who I would really like
to talk to,

1372
01:23:03.383 --> 01:23:06.186
particularly about oxygen,
and these are people

1373
01:23:06.219 --> 01:23:08.121
that I'm not supposed
to talk with directly.

1374
01:23:08.154 --> 01:23:12.192
♪ ♪

1375
01:23:12.225 --> 01:23:17.363
‐ John‐‐he had created
this whole world.

1376
01:23:17.397 --> 01:23:20.767
♪ ♪

1377
01:23:20.801 --> 01:23:22.603
Oh, I think a part of him,

1378
01:23:22.636 --> 01:23:25.105
like any red‐blooded
white American male,

1379
01:23:25.138 --> 01:23:27.073
wanted that god‐like power.

1380
01:23:27.107 --> 01:23:30.744
♪ ♪

1381
01:23:30.777 --> 01:23:32.713
‐ This was [indistinct].

1382
01:23:32.746 --> 01:23:35.549
[actors hooting]

1383
01:23:35.582 --> 01:23:37.784
‐ Can the actors go on?

1384
01:23:37.818 --> 01:23:41.154
It's dramatic.

1385
01:23:41.187 --> 01:23:44.290
Nobody knows,

1386
01:23:44.324 --> 01:23:48.394
until the very end,

1387
01:23:48.428 --> 01:23:51.397
what was gonna happen.

1388
01:23:51.431 --> 01:23:54.167
‐ In our horrible situation,

1389
01:23:54.200 --> 01:23:57.270
we've been deprived
of these basic needs.

1390
01:23:57.303 --> 01:24:00.440
‐ A horrible situation!

1391
01:24:00.473 --> 01:24:05.178
‐ It was an experiment
to humans in a way.

1392
01:24:05.211 --> 01:24:07.614
‐ Eight people
in the Biosphere.

1393
01:24:07.648 --> 01:24:11.451
Eight supple arms have I,
one for each and eight for all,

1394
01:24:11.484 --> 01:24:14.655
as one by one they die.

1395
01:24:19.826 --> 01:24:22.796
[spacey music]

1396
01:24:22.829 --> 01:24:29.736
♪ ♪

1397
01:24:44.585 --> 01:24:46.820
‐ There were many times
I would get calls

1398
01:24:46.853 --> 01:24:50.256
from reporters,
saying "Is it true that..."

1399
01:24:50.290 --> 01:24:53.126
and I would say, "I don't
think so, but I'll check,

1400
01:24:53.159 --> 01:24:59.132
and get back to you,"
and lo and behold, it was true.

1401
01:24:59.165 --> 01:25:01.902
[foreboding music]

1402
01:25:01.935 --> 01:25:08.509
♪ ♪

1403
01:25:08.542 --> 01:25:11.812
‐ Eyewitness News has learned
there is a potential problem

1404
01:25:11.845 --> 01:25:13.914
at the Biosphere near Oracle.

1405
01:25:13.947 --> 01:25:16.783
Hours before that
huge experiment was sealed,

1406
01:25:16.817 --> 01:25:20.453
Biosphere officials secretly
installed a CO2 scrubber,

1407
01:25:20.486 --> 01:25:22.789
a mechanical device
to remove CO2

1408
01:25:22.823 --> 01:25:25.458
from the atmosphere
inside Biosphere.

1409
01:25:25.491 --> 01:25:27.227
‐ One of the top scientists
resigned

1410
01:25:27.260 --> 01:25:29.162
over that added technology.

1411
01:25:29.195 --> 01:25:30.330
He and some others charge

1412
01:25:30.363 --> 01:25:33.499
<i>it flies in the face</i>
<i>of the original concept.</i>

1413
01:25:33.534 --> 01:25:37.738
‐ A CO2 scrubber that was
not divulged to the media

1414
01:25:37.771 --> 01:25:38.805
and the rest of the world

1415
01:25:38.839 --> 01:25:40.541
would seem to me to say

1416
01:25:40.574 --> 01:25:43.744
that they've changed the rules.

1417
01:25:43.777 --> 01:25:47.614
‐ There was so much to‐do made
about inconsequential things,

1418
01:25:47.648 --> 01:25:50.316
like the famous
carbon scrubber.

1419
01:25:50.350 --> 01:25:55.288
That could only take out
a limited amount of CO2.

1420
01:25:55.321 --> 01:26:00.426
It wasn't gonna save us,
and we used that sparingly.

1421
01:26:00.460 --> 01:26:02.428
But we needed to be

1422
01:26:02.462 --> 01:26:05.699
much more transparent
with the outside world.

1423
01:26:05.732 --> 01:26:09.736
‐ Biosphere 2 is billed as
a search for scientific truth,

1424
01:26:09.770 --> 01:26:11.838
but the principals behind it

1425
01:26:11.872 --> 01:26:14.775
seem to spend an awful lot
of their time stonewalling.

1426
01:26:14.808 --> 01:26:16.577
‐ Biosphere officials
turned down

1427
01:26:16.610 --> 01:26:18.344
our request for interviews.

1428
01:26:18.378 --> 01:26:20.246
We didn't have any better luck
when we caught up

1429
01:26:20.280 --> 01:26:22.616
with one of those officials,
John Allen,

1430
01:26:22.649 --> 01:26:24.918
and an aide, at a scientific
conference in Alabama.

1431
01:26:26.386 --> 01:26:29.890
‐ Can you not
answer our questions?

1432
01:26:29.923 --> 01:26:32.258
‐ Mister, sir, you've gotten‐‐
you've gotten the answer.

1433
01:26:38.264 --> 01:26:40.500
‐ I was
tremendously frustrated

1434
01:26:40.534 --> 01:26:42.402
by the criticisms

1435
01:26:42.435 --> 01:26:46.339
and misunderstandings
of Biosphere 2.

1436
01:26:46.372 --> 01:26:47.808
Everybody focused

1437
01:26:47.841 --> 01:26:49.710
on the carbon dioxide
scrubber.

1438
01:26:49.743 --> 01:26:51.612
[eerie music]

1439
01:26:51.645 --> 01:26:54.748
People did not understand
the point.

1440
01:26:54.781 --> 01:26:59.352
♪ ♪

1441
01:26:59.385 --> 01:27:02.589
We were people who recognized
that climate change

1442
01:27:02.623 --> 01:27:07.661
is a threat,

1443
01:27:07.694 --> 01:27:11.431
trying to develop a means
to counteract that threat.

1444
01:27:11.464 --> 01:27:14.968
♪ ♪

1445
01:27:15.001 --> 01:27:19.640
Biosphere 2 brings you
a visceral sense

1446
01:27:19.673 --> 01:27:21.842
of how delicate everything is.

1447
01:27:21.875 --> 01:27:28.615
♪ ♪

1448
01:27:28.649 --> 01:27:31.918
‐ We were all tense.
The project wasn't going right.

1449
01:27:31.952 --> 01:27:38.692
Things were falling apart.
People were losing control.

1450
01:27:38.725 --> 01:27:42.395
Of course, when people feel
like they're losing control,

1451
01:27:42.428 --> 01:27:46.066
bad things happen
in all kinds of directions.

1452
01:27:46.099 --> 01:27:49.069
[dramatic music]

1453
01:27:49.102 --> 01:27:56.042
♪ ♪

1454
01:28:27.574 --> 01:28:30.511
[overlapping reporting]

1455
01:28:30.544 --> 01:28:37.450
♪ ♪

1456
01:28:42.556 --> 01:28:46.660
[helicopter whirring]

1457
01:28:46.693 --> 01:28:53.634
♪ ♪

1458
01:29:00.874 --> 01:29:03.810
[somber music]

1459
01:29:03.844 --> 01:29:10.784
♪ ♪

1460
01:29:13.119 --> 01:29:15.622
‐ Thanks to the people
that have volunteered

1461
01:29:15.656 --> 01:29:19.492
tremendous time and effort
into this committee

1462
01:29:19.526 --> 01:29:26.466
to give advice on scientific
matters to Biosphere 2.

1463
01:29:26.499 --> 01:29:27.801
‐ The science
advisory committee

1464
01:29:27.834 --> 01:29:29.870
was established,
funded scientists

1465
01:29:29.903 --> 01:29:32.806
from major institutions

1466
01:29:32.839 --> 01:29:34.474
that could give the project

1467
01:29:34.508 --> 01:29:38.612
the scientific credibility
it was losing.

1468
01:29:38.645 --> 01:29:41.782
‐ Some other people started
to be involved, to come in,

1469
01:29:41.815 --> 01:29:42.983
and I think

1470
01:29:43.016 --> 01:29:47.854
<i>there was some conflicts</i>
<i>going on in that arena.</i>

1471
01:29:47.888 --> 01:29:49.455
‐ I can tell‐‐
wait a minute, this is‐‐

1472
01:29:49.489 --> 01:29:51.024
‐ [indistinct]
‐ Let me finish, please.

1473
01:29:51.057 --> 01:29:53.894
Please, let me finish.

1474
01:29:53.927 --> 01:29:55.629
‐ The scientific committee‐‐

1475
01:29:55.662 --> 01:29:58.131
they certainly would've
been happy to take over

1476
01:29:58.164 --> 01:29:59.866
and use Mr. Bass's money

1477
01:29:59.900 --> 01:30:03.036
to do a very different version
of Biosphere.

1478
01:30:03.069 --> 01:30:05.038
‐ One of the interesting things
we're going to do,

1479
01:30:05.071 --> 01:30:07.874
I want to do next,
is to look at the light.

1480
01:30:07.908 --> 01:30:11.512
‐ And clearly, John was upset.

1481
01:30:11.545 --> 01:30:13.479
He thought
he was losing control.

1482
01:30:13.514 --> 01:30:15.749
♪ ♪

1483
01:30:15.782 --> 01:30:17.851
‐ I'm still very concerned
about a matter of‐‐

1484
01:30:17.884 --> 01:30:19.720
‐ What did you just say?

1485
01:30:19.753 --> 01:30:22.488
‐ I'm saying we're gonna
vet it.

1486
01:30:22.523 --> 01:30:25.859
‐ John called me in,
then he said

1487
01:30:25.892 --> 01:30:29.129
the establishment
is trying to take over,

1488
01:30:29.162 --> 01:30:32.065
and that Ed Bass
had turned on him.

1489
01:30:32.098 --> 01:30:35.035
And I thought, wait a minute,
John has turned on Ed,

1490
01:30:35.068 --> 01:30:37.070
it sounded like.

1491
01:30:38.504 --> 01:30:40.240
That set off alarms, to me.

1492
01:30:40.273 --> 01:30:42.876
♪ ♪

1493
01:30:42.909 --> 01:30:44.911
I felt like I had
to say something

1494
01:30:44.945 --> 01:30:47.681
to the scientific
advisory committee.

1495
01:30:47.714 --> 01:30:50.717
♪ ♪

1496
01:30:50.751 --> 01:30:53.053
‐ We were totally upset
about Tony doing this

1497
01:30:53.086 --> 01:30:55.689
in such an underhanded way.

1498
01:30:55.722 --> 01:30:58.158
It was pretty much
gossip‐mongering.

1499
01:30:58.191 --> 01:31:01.261
We asked Tony to come
and face us all

1500
01:31:01.294 --> 01:31:03.263
on a video uplink,

1501
01:31:03.296 --> 01:31:07.568
and tell us what he had said
to the advisory committee.

1502
01:31:07.601 --> 01:31:10.771
‐ I think what, the problem
I saw was that John Allen

1503
01:31:10.804 --> 01:31:15.842
was having what looked
like paranoid delusions,

1504
01:31:15.876 --> 01:31:17.043
and it frightened me.

1505
01:31:17.077 --> 01:31:18.945
‐ For you to take
this kind of agenda

1506
01:31:18.979 --> 01:31:21.882
to that committee
really burns me,

1507
01:31:21.915 --> 01:31:25.786
because to my mind, they have
heard too much of this shit.

1508
01:31:25.819 --> 01:31:28.655
‐ I was really angry
with Tony.

1509
01:31:28.689 --> 01:31:30.891
It was crazy to me.

1510
01:31:30.924 --> 01:31:35.729
Biosphere 2 was a genius
of Johnny as a leader.

1511
01:31:35.762 --> 01:31:37.798
‐ I'm sensitive
to this situation,

1512
01:31:37.831 --> 01:31:41.167
because I am the product
of a dysfunctional family.

1513
01:31:41.201 --> 01:31:44.204
What I see going on here
is abusive parents,

1514
01:31:44.237 --> 01:31:47.207
and you eight almost trapped
in there like children.

1515
01:31:47.240 --> 01:31:48.942
‐ I'm just really
quite pissed off,

1516
01:31:48.975 --> 01:31:51.545
because there's no way
you can really respond

1517
01:31:51.578 --> 01:31:55.181
to personality
conflict power projections,

1518
01:31:55.215 --> 01:31:57.918
or even as you're going on,
you know,

1519
01:31:57.951 --> 01:32:00.687
abusive parent projections.

1520
01:32:00.721 --> 01:32:03.624
‐ Some of them were
really angry.

1521
01:32:03.657 --> 01:32:05.859
It was a good thing they were
inside and I was outside.

1522
01:32:05.892 --> 01:32:09.329
‐ Tony, if you talk
about what John Allen said,

1523
01:32:09.362 --> 01:32:13.133
then I would John Allen
to be part of the meeting.

1524
01:32:13.166 --> 01:32:16.002
‐ Then they took me
to see John Allen.

1525
01:32:16.036 --> 01:32:19.072
♪ ♪

1526
01:32:19.105 --> 01:32:20.841
That one, I remember.

1527
01:32:20.874 --> 01:32:25.178
John looks at me, and he says,

1528
01:32:25.211 --> 01:32:27.080
"In Dante's 'Inferno,'

1529
01:32:27.113 --> 01:32:31.051
"betrayal is the sin
that puts people

1530
01:32:31.084 --> 01:32:33.286
at the deepest level of hell."

1531
01:32:33.319 --> 01:32:39.025
♪ ♪

1532
01:32:39.059 --> 01:32:42.295
He got up,

1533
01:32:42.328 --> 01:32:47.033
walked around
the desk,

1534
01:32:47.067 --> 01:32:49.169
and hugged me.

1535
01:32:49.202 --> 01:32:53.874
And I hugged him.
And he said, "Never again."

1536
01:32:53.907 --> 01:32:57.210
And I looked him in the eye,
and I said, "Never again."

1537
01:33:01.281 --> 01:33:03.349
[warm orchestral music]

1538
01:33:03.383 --> 01:33:10.323
♪ ♪

1539
01:33:23.804 --> 01:33:28.675
‐ As I look at Biosphere 2,
and I'm ready to enter,

1540
01:33:28.709 --> 01:33:31.144
I take my last breaths
of this atmosphere,

1541
01:33:31.177 --> 01:33:33.980
knowing that I will
take breaths

1542
01:33:34.014 --> 01:33:37.150
from a different atmosphere
from all of you for two years.

1543
01:33:37.183 --> 01:33:39.185
‐ Not exactly.

1544
01:33:39.219 --> 01:33:42.689
Biospherians are once again
breathing our air.

1545
01:33:42.723 --> 01:33:44.858
It's being pumped inside.

1546
01:33:44.891 --> 01:33:48.028
About 10% of Biosphere's
total atmosphere.

1547
01:33:48.061 --> 01:33:50.296
♪ ♪

1548
01:33:50.330 --> 01:33:53.066
From the beginning,
Biosphere 2 was billed

1549
01:33:53.099 --> 01:33:56.703
as a totally contained,
virtually sealed experiment.

1550
01:33:56.737 --> 01:34:00.373
Pumping air inside?
What now?

1551
01:34:00.406 --> 01:34:07.714
♪ ♪

1552
01:34:07.748 --> 01:34:11.317
‐ If the management had handled
things differently,

1553
01:34:11.351 --> 01:34:14.154
the result
would've been different.

1554
01:34:14.187 --> 01:34:17.423
I actually don't blame
the press.

1555
01:34:17.457 --> 01:34:20.961
Margaret and John
promised too much.

1556
01:34:20.994 --> 01:34:23.229
‐ Theirs was to have been
a self‐sustaining

1557
01:34:23.263 --> 01:34:27.033
three‐acre world,
a model for colonizing space,

1558
01:34:27.067 --> 01:34:30.470
but crops failed.
Fresh air was pumped in.

1559
01:34:30.503 --> 01:34:32.305
‐ Critics say these violations

1560
01:34:32.338 --> 01:34:34.975
have invalidated
the experiment.

1561
01:34:35.008 --> 01:34:37.978
‐ It's self‐contained,
but it's not self‐sustaining,

1562
01:34:38.011 --> 01:34:41.081
and so the Biosphere, as it
was touted, is a total failure.

1563
01:34:41.114 --> 01:34:44.951
♪ ♪

1564
01:34:44.985 --> 01:34:49.723
‐ The day they pumped oxygen,
people went down

1565
01:34:49.756 --> 01:34:53.259
to kind of, like, get a sniff
of the pure oxygen coming in.

1566
01:34:53.293 --> 01:34:55.929
‐ In ten minutes,
in ten seconds, maybe,

1567
01:34:55.962 --> 01:34:59.332
I felt decades younger,
full of energy.

1568
01:34:59.365 --> 01:35:00.801
‐ Once this oxygen came in,

1569
01:35:00.834 --> 01:35:03.303
it was like this huge cloud
had lifted.

1570
01:35:03.336 --> 01:35:04.838
‐ The first thing
that happened,

1571
01:35:04.871 --> 01:35:06.372
spontaneously, is most of us

1572
01:35:06.406 --> 01:35:09.009
started running around
the lung and laughing.

1573
01:35:09.042 --> 01:35:11.311
And I realized,
I hadn't heard the sound

1574
01:35:11.344 --> 01:35:13.313
of running feet
in months and months.

1575
01:35:13.346 --> 01:35:15.782
["Right Here Right Now"
by Jesus Jones playing]

1576
01:35:15.816 --> 01:35:18.952
‐ The negativity
just kind of dissipated.

1577
01:35:18.985 --> 01:35:24.490
‐ ♪ A woman on the radio
talks about revolution ♪

1578
01:35:24.525 --> 01:35:27.393
♪ When it's
already passed her by ♪

1579
01:35:27.427 --> 01:35:30.964
♪ Bob Dylan didn't have
this to sing about ♪

1580
01:35:30.997 --> 01:35:36.102
♪ You know it feels good
to be alive ♪

1581
01:35:36.136 --> 01:35:40.373
♪ I was alive,
and I waited, waited ♪

1582
01:35:40.406 --> 01:35:45.045
♪ I was alive
and I waited for this ♪

1583
01:35:45.078 --> 01:35:48.014
♪ Right here, right now ♪

1584
01:35:48.048 --> 01:35:52.118
♪ There is no other place
I want to be ♪

1585
01:35:52.152 --> 01:35:54.187
♪ ♪

1586
01:35:54.220 --> 01:35:56.923
♪ Right here, right now ♪

1587
01:35:56.957 --> 01:36:00.493
♪ Watching the world
wake up ♪

1588
01:36:00.527 --> 01:36:05.932
‐ I felt part of that living
entity that was Biosphere 2.

1589
01:36:05.966 --> 01:36:09.335
My agriculture system
was just becoming really good.

1590
01:36:09.369 --> 01:36:12.338
You know, it was maturing,
things were working well,

1591
01:36:12.372 --> 01:36:17.511
and I wanted to see
what was gonna happen next.

1592
01:36:17.544 --> 01:36:19.880
‐ Joe, as we said,
Sunday's the big day.

1593
01:36:19.913 --> 01:36:21.515
The eight men and eight women
who've been locked

1594
01:36:21.548 --> 01:36:23.517
inside this Biosphere
will be coming out.

1595
01:36:23.550 --> 01:36:25.852
‐ Today, workers were
scrubbing windows

1596
01:36:25.886 --> 01:36:29.590
and building a big stage,
all in preparation for Sunday.

1597
01:36:29.623 --> 01:36:32.993
That's when the Biospherians
exit this greenhouse,

1598
01:36:33.026 --> 01:36:35.862
exactly two years
after they went in.

1599
01:36:35.896 --> 01:36:38.865
[gentle music]

1600
01:36:38.899 --> 01:36:44.204
♪ ♪

1601
01:36:44.237 --> 01:36:46.472
‐ What is it gonna feel like

1602
01:36:46.507 --> 01:36:49.442
after being two years
in this world,

1603
01:36:49.475 --> 01:36:51.945
to suddenly step out
into the other one?

1604
01:36:51.978 --> 01:36:54.214
‐ I didn't want to come out.

1605
01:36:54.247 --> 01:36:58.885
I did not want to come out.
I was volunteering to stay in.

1606
01:36:58.919 --> 01:37:01.622
‐ So, it was amazing
that from a dream

1607
01:37:01.655 --> 01:37:03.857
and an adobe spaceship,

1608
01:37:03.890 --> 01:37:08.061
that this gleaming marvel
had appeared in the desert.

1609
01:37:08.094 --> 01:37:11.431
I had the adventure of my life.

1610
01:37:11.464 --> 01:37:14.434
‐ So, I'd look at the trees
that we planted from seed,

1611
01:37:14.467 --> 01:37:17.103
and I just love it.
Uh, it‐‐my heart is there.

1612
01:37:17.137 --> 01:37:18.338
It's really there.

1613
01:37:18.371 --> 01:37:19.239
It probably
will always be there.

1614
01:37:19.272 --> 01:37:26.212
♪ ♪

1615
01:37:30.951 --> 01:37:35.088
‐ On the re‐entry day, we were
all inside the Biosphere,

1616
01:37:35.121 --> 01:37:37.257
waiting and waiting,

1617
01:37:37.290 --> 01:37:40.260
waiting for Jane Goodall
to finish her speech.

1618
01:37:40.293 --> 01:37:42.929
‐ When I began in 1960,

1619
01:37:42.963 --> 01:37:45.932
in the Gombe National Park
in Tanzania,

1620
01:37:45.966 --> 01:37:48.969
my mentor, Louis Leakey,
was told he was crazy.

1621
01:37:49.002 --> 01:37:52.072
He was told
the mission would fail.

1622
01:37:52.105 --> 01:37:53.640
And I think there were
many people,

1623
01:37:53.674 --> 01:37:56.309
when the Biosphere
was first planned,

1624
01:37:56.342 --> 01:38:00.280
who predicted that this mission
also would fail.

1625
01:38:01.014 --> 01:38:04.150
And I think one of the things
we're here for today

1626
01:38:04.184 --> 01:38:10.323
is to pay tribute to
the imagination and the vision

1627
01:38:10.356 --> 01:38:13.326
and the determination
of the team of people

1628
01:38:13.359 --> 01:38:16.362
who have made
this extraordinary project

1629
01:38:16.396 --> 01:38:18.532
a reality.

1630
01:38:18.565 --> 01:38:23.336
‐ Now, I love Jane Goodall,
so we could all tolerate

1631
01:38:23.369 --> 01:38:26.039
the fact that she made us
stay inside the Biosphere

1632
01:38:26.072 --> 01:38:27.674
probably an extra 20 minutes.

1633
01:38:27.708 --> 01:38:30.711
[fanfare]

1634
01:38:30.744 --> 01:38:37.684
♪ ♪

1635
01:38:42.255 --> 01:38:45.191
[cheers and applause]

1636
01:38:45.225 --> 01:38:50.496
♪ ♪

1637
01:38:52.498 --> 01:38:54.334
‐ To live in a small world

1638
01:38:54.367 --> 01:38:56.369
and be conscious
of its controls,

1639
01:38:56.402 --> 01:39:00.006
of its beauty,
its fragility, of its bounty,

1640
01:39:00.040 --> 01:39:03.309
and its limits,
changes who you are.

1641
01:39:03.343 --> 01:39:06.279
[spacey music]

1642
01:39:06.312 --> 01:39:08.214
♪ ♪

1643
01:39:08.248 --> 01:39:10.183
‐ When you're out
in what seems to be

1644
01:39:10.216 --> 01:39:12.285
almost this infinite
biosphere,

1645
01:39:12.318 --> 01:39:16.089
so big, so large,
so tall,

1646
01:39:16.122 --> 01:39:19.492
it's kind of easy to think
that your actions don't count,

1647
01:39:19.526 --> 01:39:21.027
but they do count.

1648
01:39:21.061 --> 01:39:26.166
♪ ♪

1649
01:39:26.199 --> 01:39:28.669
‐ Today, researchers toured
the inside of the facility,

1650
01:39:28.702 --> 01:39:32.005
measuring every living plant
and examining every animal.

1651
01:39:32.038 --> 01:39:33.607
‐ Some things have grown,
some things have died,

1652
01:39:33.640 --> 01:39:35.776
and some things have prospered.

1653
01:39:35.809 --> 01:39:37.744
‐ Did it go as expected?

1654
01:39:37.778 --> 01:39:39.479
‐ No, and that was
why we did it.

1655
01:39:39.513 --> 01:39:41.214
We didn't know what to expect.

1656
01:39:41.247 --> 01:39:44.284
‐ I was back in the saddle,
being the consultant

1657
01:39:44.317 --> 01:39:47.320
for the next mission.
I was given trust again,

1658
01:39:47.353 --> 01:39:48.689
so they were true
to their word.

1659
01:39:48.722 --> 01:39:51.091
I said never again.

1660
01:39:51.124 --> 01:39:54.494
They continued to pay me
to collect data

1661
01:39:54.528 --> 01:39:57.030
that we thought was going
to be the foundation

1662
01:39:57.063 --> 01:39:59.766
of this new discipline
of biospherics.

1663
01:40:01.568 --> 01:40:06.472
So I was completely involved,
all the way until that day

1664
01:40:06.507 --> 01:40:08.775
when the marshals showed up
with Steve Bannon.

1665
01:40:12.178 --> 01:40:15.148
[uneasy music]

1666
01:40:15.181 --> 01:40:22.122
♪ ♪

1667
01:40:30.163 --> 01:40:31.765
‐ The management team
of Biosphere 2

1668
01:40:31.798 --> 01:40:34.735
has been locked out
of its offices and jobs.

1669
01:40:34.768 --> 01:40:37.838
‐ Texas billionaire Ed Bass,
who bankrolled the Biosphere,

1670
01:40:37.871 --> 01:40:39.039
has obtained a court order

1671
01:40:39.072 --> 01:40:42.442
<i>ousting six managing officers</i>
<i>of the project.</i>

1672
01:40:42.475 --> 01:40:44.845
Among those booted out:
Margaret Augustine,

1673
01:40:44.878 --> 01:40:46.713
the company's
chief executive officer,

1674
01:40:46.747 --> 01:40:49.215
and vice president John Allen.

1675
01:40:49.249 --> 01:40:55.121
‐ After some...
intense meetings...

1676
01:40:55.155 --> 01:41:01.695
♪ ♪

1677
01:41:01.728 --> 01:41:07.100
It was decided that the
relationship should...end

1678
01:41:07.133 --> 01:41:12.138
as it‐‐as it had been.
It was very difficult.

1679
01:41:12.172 --> 01:41:13.707
♪ ♪

1680
01:41:32.593 --> 01:41:33.760
♪ ♪

1681
01:41:37.263 --> 01:41:41.535
‐ Ed was under pressure
to stop the bad press

1682
01:41:41.568 --> 01:41:45.606
and to make Biosphere 2 more
conventional and profitable.

1683
01:41:47.808 --> 01:41:51.512
He brought in bankers
and Wall Street types

1684
01:41:51.545 --> 01:41:56.349
who really were focused
on short‐term profit and loss.

1685
01:41:56.382 --> 01:41:58.885
‐ John Polk Allen
sent a letter to Ed Bass,

1686
01:41:58.919 --> 01:42:00.521
the project's
financial backer,

1687
01:42:00.554 --> 01:42:03.223
because he's afraid
the focus of the project

1688
01:42:03.256 --> 01:42:05.225
is changing
from scientific research

1689
01:42:05.258 --> 01:42:07.193
to making money.

1690
01:42:07.227 --> 01:42:10.396
♪ ♪

1691
01:42:10.430 --> 01:42:15.902
‐ Steve Bannon came out
of Goldman Sachs,

1692
01:42:15.936 --> 01:42:19.239
and Ed made Bannon CEO.

1693
01:42:19.272 --> 01:42:21.508
♪ ♪

1694
01:42:21.542 --> 01:42:24.511
‐ Most of
the incredibly important data

1695
01:42:24.545 --> 01:42:26.279
from Biosphere 2

1696
01:42:26.312 --> 01:42:30.416
was destroyed
or locked up somewhere.

1697
01:42:30.450 --> 01:42:32.686
It is a scientific crime.

1698
01:42:32.719 --> 01:42:39.526
♪ ♪

1699
01:42:39.560 --> 01:42:41.862
‐ Why?
Why?

1700
01:42:41.895 --> 01:42:43.296
Why were they doing this?

1701
01:42:43.329 --> 01:42:46.633
What was this all about?

1702
01:42:46.667 --> 01:42:48.535
I was very dubious

1703
01:42:48.569 --> 01:42:52.939
whether or not
what was happening was legal.

1704
01:42:52.973 --> 01:42:57.210
I continued to work
under Steve Bannon.

1705
01:42:57.243 --> 01:42:59.212
I figured that it was
very important

1706
01:42:59.245 --> 01:43:01.648
to capture what was going on.

1707
01:43:01.682 --> 01:43:03.550
♪ ♪

1708
01:43:03.584 --> 01:43:06.486
I put the tape recorder
in my underwear

1709
01:43:06.520 --> 01:43:09.389
because I was concerned that
somebody would try to find it.

1710
01:43:40.754 --> 01:43:42.889
♪ ♪

1711
01:43:42.923 --> 01:43:46.392
‐ The power of this place
is allowing those scientists

1712
01:43:46.426 --> 01:43:49.563
who are really involved
in the study of global change‐‐

1713
01:43:49.596 --> 01:43:52.298
this actually allows them
to study and monitor

1714
01:43:52.332 --> 01:43:56.737
the impact of enhanced CO2
and other greenhouse gases

1715
01:43:56.770 --> 01:44:00.440
on humans,
plants, and in animals.

1716
01:44:00.473 --> 01:44:02.776
‐ The focus was really one
of space travel.

1717
01:44:02.809 --> 01:44:04.678
We refocused it
to the study of the Earth.

1718
01:44:04.711 --> 01:44:06.880
[melancholy piano music]

1719
01:44:06.913 --> 01:44:08.815
♪ ♪

1720
01:44:08.849 --> 01:44:12.719
‐ If Bannon has denied
climate change,

1721
01:44:12.753 --> 01:44:15.756
it is not because
he is not smart enough

1722
01:44:15.789 --> 01:44:19.693
to see that
there is climate change.

1723
01:44:19.726 --> 01:44:21.662
He's doing it
for another reason.

1724
01:44:21.695 --> 01:44:25.799
♪ ♪

1725
01:44:25.832 --> 01:44:28.802
It's particularly excruciating

1726
01:44:28.835 --> 01:44:30.937
because I know
how smart he is.

1727
01:44:30.971 --> 01:44:35.676
♪ ♪

1728
01:44:35.709 --> 01:44:37.944
‐ The takeover of Biosphere 2

1729
01:44:37.978 --> 01:44:41.615
is what's happening
in the world now.

1730
01:44:41.648 --> 01:44:44.350
Wall Street banker types,

1731
01:44:44.384 --> 01:44:48.955
the people just interested
in short‐term profit and loss,

1732
01:44:48.989 --> 01:44:52.559
push out the innovators
and destroy the world.

1733
01:44:52.593 --> 01:44:59.533
♪ ♪

1734
01:45:03.103 --> 01:45:05.038
‐ Not to be able to go back

1735
01:45:05.071 --> 01:45:07.373
to something
of that magnitude,

1736
01:45:07.407 --> 01:45:09.943
that's the culmination
of your life's work,

1737
01:45:09.976 --> 01:45:13.379
was excruciating.

1738
01:45:13.413 --> 01:45:19.452
♪ ♪

1739
01:45:19.485 --> 01:45:23.690
I don't want to go there.

1740
01:45:23.724 --> 01:45:27.360
I don't want to talk about it.

1741
01:45:27.393 --> 01:45:31.064
Yeah.

1742
01:45:31.097 --> 01:45:32.766
Excuse me.

1743
01:45:49.482 --> 01:45:52.452
[mournful music]

1744
01:45:52.485 --> 01:45:59.425
♪ ♪

1745
01:46:18.044 --> 01:46:22.749
‐ I'm still moving on
from that.

1746
01:46:22.783 --> 01:46:24.785
I'm still moving on.

1747
01:46:24.818 --> 01:46:31.525
♪ ♪

1748
01:46:32.659 --> 01:46:35.696
We're always looking
for that place, the‐‐

1749
01:46:35.729 --> 01:46:38.765
you know, that was special.

1750
01:46:38.799 --> 01:46:40.867
Nobody else could see
what it could be.

1751
01:46:40.901 --> 01:46:43.870
♪ ♪

1752
01:46:43.904 --> 01:46:46.139
We had more in mind to do.

1753
01:46:46.172 --> 01:46:50.911
♪ ♪

1754
01:46:50.944 --> 01:46:55.916
‐ Those moments
of all possibilities

1755
01:46:55.949 --> 01:47:01.588
last a very short period
of time.

1756
01:47:01.622 --> 01:47:03.156
That's why you act.

1757
01:47:03.189 --> 01:47:10.096
♪ ♪

1758
01:47:18.605 --> 01:47:23.176
‐ Biosphere 2,
is it a cautionary tale?

1759
01:47:23.209 --> 01:47:25.045
We don't need
a cautionary tale anymore,

1760
01:47:25.078 --> 01:47:27.213
because all of the rampant,

1761
01:47:27.247 --> 01:47:29.583
you know, destruction
and death

1762
01:47:29.616 --> 01:47:33.887
is already happening.

1763
01:47:33.920 --> 01:47:35.822
I think it's important for me

1764
01:47:35.856 --> 01:47:40.060
to work on the scale
that I work on now,

1765
01:47:40.093 --> 01:47:41.762
working with people
in my community

1766
01:47:41.795 --> 01:47:43.229
to see what we can do.

1767
01:47:43.263 --> 01:47:46.066
♪ ♪

1768
01:47:46.099 --> 01:47:50.537
Sometimes beautiful,
beautiful things happen

1769
01:47:50.571 --> 01:47:54.274
when people
bring their minds together

1770
01:47:54.307 --> 01:47:58.111
towards a common goal.

1771
01:47:58.144 --> 01:48:00.547
You can't do it all
by yourself.

1772
01:48:00.581 --> 01:48:07.521
♪ ♪

1773
01:48:38.985 --> 01:48:42.122
‐ I live at the ranch
with quite a few of the people

1774
01:48:42.155 --> 01:48:44.057
that were there
at the beginning.

1775
01:48:44.090 --> 01:48:46.226
♪ ♪

1776
01:48:46.259 --> 01:48:48.061
‐ And then cutting down...

1777
01:48:48.094 --> 01:48:49.462
‐ We're still managing
the property

1778
01:48:49.495 --> 01:48:54.167
<i>in the Australian outback,</i>
<i>and the art gallery in London,</i>

1779
01:48:54.200 --> 01:48:57.270
and the rain forest
in Puerto Rico,

1780
01:48:57.303 --> 01:48:59.673
and we're rebuilding
the "Heraclitus."

1781
01:48:59.706 --> 01:49:03.176
♪ ♪

1782
01:49:03.209 --> 01:49:05.679
We're a very
high‐functioning family

1783
01:49:05.712 --> 01:49:09.349
that works through issues
and keeps going

1784
01:49:09.382 --> 01:49:12.953
for 50 years.

1785
01:49:12.986 --> 01:49:16.790
[group talking indistinctly]

1786
01:49:16.823 --> 01:49:18.358
‐ That was because of you.

1787
01:49:18.391 --> 01:49:20.293
‐ That was because of you?
‐ Because I‐I‐‐

1788
01:49:20.326 --> 01:49:21.995
‐ These Americans

1789
01:49:22.028 --> 01:49:25.666
with their 200%
American accents.

1790
01:49:25.699 --> 01:49:30.103
‐ If you can sustain
a group like this,

1791
01:49:30.136 --> 01:49:33.073
it can get you
through a lot of challenges.

1792
01:49:33.106 --> 01:49:36.342
‐ Yes.
Oh.

1793
01:49:36.376 --> 01:49:38.378
‐ You keep going.

1794
01:49:38.411 --> 01:49:42.082
You go till you go,
till you can't go.

1795
01:49:42.115 --> 01:49:49.055
♪ ♪

1796
01:50:01.301 --> 01:50:04.204
[pensive orchestral music]

1797
01:50:04.237 --> 01:50:11.177
♪ ♪