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Downloaded from
YTS.MX

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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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Oh, I didn't pay.
Can you pay here?

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[laughs]

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[machine whirring]

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Oh, my gosh.
It took my card.

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[laughs]

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You might want
to go back, dude.

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So today I'm getting filmed

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about my job at CIA.

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I know you-you were,
um, studying

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about Afghanistan and--

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[girl]
All the wars.

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All the wars,
and you, um, were a spy.

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[Maddox chuckles]

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I worked with spies.
It's true.

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[indistinct chatter]

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I'll never feel like
an Afghanistan expert.

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The war, it's so complex.

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It's almost been cyclical with
our U.S. government as well.

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[turn signal clicking]

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What is the mission?
What is the goal there?

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[car door closes]

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♪ soft music ♪

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And I got to know Afghans.
I worked with Afghans.

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I'm a woman, a mother.

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My heart hurts
for these people

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because I just don't see
how this ends.

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♪♪♪

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After the extraordinary
sacrifice

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of blood and treasure,

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the American people are weary

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of the longest war
in American history.

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This year we will bring
America's longest war

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to a responsible end.

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I want the Afghan people
to understand--

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America seeks an end to this
era of war and suffering.

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[George W. Bush]
We know from the history

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of military conflict
in Afghanistan,

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it's been one
of initial success

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followed by long years

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of floundering
and ultimate failure.

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We're not gonna repeat
that mistake.

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We welcome the distinguished
interim leader

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of a liberated Afghanistan,
Chairman Hamid Karzai.

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[applause]

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[Bill Clinton]
Osama bin Laden publicly vowed

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to wage a terrorist war

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against America
from Afghanistan.

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This will be a long
ongoing struggle

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between freedom
and fanaticism.

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[George H.W. Bush] Our
commitment to the people there

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would lead
to a peaceful Afghanistan

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with no more bloodbaths.

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[Reagan]
The goal of the United States

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remains a genuinely
independent Afghanistan,

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free from
external interference.

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Massive Soviet military forces
have invaded

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the small sovereign nation
of Afghanistan.

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History teaches
that aggression unopposed

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becomes a contagious disease.

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♪♪♪

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I grew up thinking Afghanistan

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was the biggest country
in the world,

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the most beautiful country
in the world,

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the most developed country
in the world,

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with a huge passion
for my country

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because it was very much

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the same, uh, thing
my father shared.

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♪♪♪

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In a very romantic way,

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my father was always talking
about the Afghanistan

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that he had experienced.

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They would go on the weekends
to restaurants.

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They would take a walk
in the park.

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But these were all those, uh,
fairy tales to us.

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Mm, we never experienced
Afghanistan that way.

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♪♪♪

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One thing in common about many
of these fights in my country

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is that, unfortunately,

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it's our soil that is
being used for various wars

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between the global powers.

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♪♪♪

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The world
simply cannot stand by

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and permit the Soviet Union

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to commit this act
with impunity.

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[gunfire]

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The Soviets killed about
ten percent of the population.

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[camera shutter clicking]

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It was a genocide,

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and the military was not
doing anything about it,

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but I heard
that, uh, the agency did.

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[Bearden]
The CIA director says,

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"I want you to go out there
and win this."

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[Coll] I was the
Washington Post correspondent

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in, uh, South Asia,
so the Afghan War

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was pretty much
the biggest story on my beat.

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Pakistan had
an immediate refugee flow.

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They went to their ally,
the United States, and said,

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"We've got all these rebels

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who are coming into our country
as refugees.

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They want to liberate
their country

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from Soviet occupation.

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We, the Pakistan government,
are inclined to help them,

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but we could use
your support as well."

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And so we were told
to get busy

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and try to figure out
what was happening

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with these guys
called the mujahideen.

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[Sageman]
People knew that the CIA

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was supporting the Afghans.

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They could never know how.

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[Schroen] So we then decided
we would use the Pakistanis

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as our surrogates
to support the mujahideen.

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[gunfire]

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[man]
speaking native language

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[Reagan] The Soviet presence
in Afghanistan

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is a major impediment

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to improved
U.S.-Soviet relations,

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and we would like
to remove it.

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[Schroen] We were putting in
a variety of weapons systems

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into the hands
of the mujahideen.

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The United States
started to provide

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these Stinger
antiaircraft missiles

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to equip the rebels to fight
the Soviets as equals.

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They started knocking Soviet
aircraft out of the sky

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by the hundreds.

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[Bergen]
That changed the war,

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and it showed that the
U.S. government was serious

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about not just inflicting
some damage on the Soviets

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but actually getting them
to leave Afghanistan,

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which is what they did.

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[Bearden] And as soon as
Boris Gromov rode on that tank

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out to the middle
of Friendship Bridge

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from Afghanistan,

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I hit send on a cable
that was typed out using Xs

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to make a big, "We won."

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♪♪♪

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I wrote an article
and put the name on it,

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"Graveyard of Empires."

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My point was, it's very easy
getting in there,

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but getting out
is immensely difficult,

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and winning is...

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very, very questionable.

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Whatever winning means,

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you usually don't get it
in Afghanistan.

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♪♪♪

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[horns honking]

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Kabul has changed a lot
in the last several years.

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It used to be
that you could

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kind of walk
around the streets

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and pick up a cab

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and go to a restaurant,
have a nice meal.

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If you're a foreigner,
that's basically all gone.

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♪♪♪

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The Taliban have done
a campaign of attacking

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anywhere Westerners gather,
and we're in an armored car

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because it's regarded
as too dangerous now,

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which is a pity because Kabul
is an amazingly beautiful

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and vibrant city.

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The city is now brimming
with up to six million people,

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and it's a very different Kabul
than the one I remember

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under the Taliban
or during the Civil War.

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♪♪♪

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The United States ended
its official presence

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in Afghanistan today,
two weeks before

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Soviet troops are scheduled
to complete their pullout.

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Our State Department
correspondent

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00:08:07,834 --> 00:08:10,666
Bill Plante reports.

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[Plante] A marine guard hauled
down the stars and stripes

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at the U.S. embassy in Kabul

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as the remaining handful
of diplomats

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prepared to get out
of Afghanistan

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as soon as weather permits.

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The U.S. joins
other Western nations

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which have temporarily
pulled out,

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fearing chaos
after Soviet troops

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end their ten-year occupation.

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I first got
into, uh, Afghanistan

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by crossing the-the frontier

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between Pakistan
and Afghanistan

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with a group of mujahideen
in mid-1989,

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just as the Soviet Union
had, uh, withdrawn.

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♪♪♪

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I was working
with an aid agency,

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trying to help
both with refugees in Pakistan

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00:09:00,708 --> 00:09:03,582
and inside Afghanistan.

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People were readying
themselves for the fight

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over who would claim
Afghanistan

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now that the-the Soviets
had got out.

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♪♪♪

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America made a fatal mistake.

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The Afghan thing was almost
totally forgotten.

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The result was that
an Afghanistan

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so overloaded with ordnance
and awash with money

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slipped into its own devices.

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[Coll] From a war
correspondent's perspective,

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by the time
I was traveling around

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00:09:44,709 --> 00:09:45,792
in the war in the early '90s,

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it had become
a nasty civil war.

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[Constable]
The thing I remember most

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00:09:51,375 --> 00:09:53,290
was how lonely it was.

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00:09:54,375 --> 00:09:57,332
Kabul was like a ghost city.

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00:09:57,417 --> 00:10:00,417
You could stand
in a major intersection,

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00:10:00,500 --> 00:10:04,332
which now has endless
clogged traffic jams,

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00:10:04,417 --> 00:10:07,667
and see no one and hear nothing
but bicycle spokes

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00:10:07,750 --> 00:10:09,875
and horse carriage bells.

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00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:11,250
It was very haunting.

208
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[man]
yelling in native language

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00:10:14,625 --> 00:10:16,750
[Constable] There was rape.
There was robbery.

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00:10:16,875 --> 00:10:21,041
Buildings were rocketed
and shot all the time.

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People were terrified.

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00:10:24,417 --> 00:10:26,542
[Semple] Out of the fight,
street by street in Kabul,

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00:10:26,625 --> 00:10:31,417
replicated in the sort of
districts of the country,

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00:10:31,542 --> 00:10:32,542
we got the Taliban movement.

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00:10:35,082 --> 00:10:38,040
I can recall
the precise moment

216
00:10:38,125 --> 00:10:41,207
in which I learnt
of the Taliban movement.

217
00:10:41,290 --> 00:10:44,542
I was at a garden party,
and a posh Englishman

218
00:10:44,582 --> 00:10:48,959
told me about this supposedly
Islamic student movement

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00:10:49,040 --> 00:10:52,542
which had just taken over a
swath of territory in Kandahar

220
00:10:52,625 --> 00:10:57,040
and was chasing after these
money-grubbing, gun-wielding,

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00:10:57,125 --> 00:11:00,250
you know, commanders left over
from the mujahideen,

222
00:11:00,332 --> 00:11:02,750
hanging them up
from trees and posts

223
00:11:02,833 --> 00:11:06,332
and stuffing money
in their mouths,

224
00:11:06,417 --> 00:11:07,582
and he told me,

225
00:11:07,667 --> 00:11:09,041
"Michael, this looks
like the next big thing,"

226
00:11:09,125 --> 00:11:11,332
um, and he was right.

227
00:11:11,417 --> 00:11:14,417
[Coll] The Taliban advertised
themselves

228
00:11:14,500 --> 00:11:17,417
as a kind of purifying force,
a cleansing force

229
00:11:17,500 --> 00:11:20,708
that would reunify Afghanistan
under the banner of Islam.

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00:11:22,792 --> 00:11:26,708
[Schroen] That was very
attractive to the Pakistanis.

231
00:11:26,792 --> 00:11:28,166
They didn't want Afghanistan
to be a threat,

232
00:11:28,250 --> 00:11:30,958
and so the Pakistani
government

233
00:11:31,041 --> 00:11:33,709
threw their weight militarily

234
00:11:33,792 --> 00:11:37,082
and financially
behind the Taliban,

235
00:11:37,165 --> 00:11:39,040
and by early 1996,

236
00:11:39,125 --> 00:11:41,875
they controlled three-fourths
of Afghanistan.

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00:11:42,917 --> 00:11:45,082
[Coll] They often conquered
without firing a shot.

238
00:11:45,165 --> 00:11:46,082
They would just ride
into a town

239
00:11:46,165 --> 00:11:47,667
holding Korans in the air

240
00:11:47,750 --> 00:11:53,290
or waving the flags of, uh,
their movement or of Islam,

241
00:11:53,375 --> 00:11:57,165
and whole garrisons
would just, uh, change sides.

242
00:11:57,250 --> 00:11:59,792
[Constable]
The gratitude began to fade

243
00:11:59,875 --> 00:12:02,166
and be replaced
with something else

244
00:12:02,250 --> 00:12:05,500
when it became clear
that the Taliban wanted

245
00:12:05,582 --> 00:12:09,833
to enforce an extremely
restrictive version of Islam.

246
00:12:11,958 --> 00:12:14,291
I went to Afghanistan
as a journalist,

247
00:12:14,375 --> 00:12:16,457
I think, five or six times,

248
00:12:16,542 --> 00:12:19,542
and that meant that you had
to get a visa

249
00:12:19,625 --> 00:12:21,958
from the Taliban government,

250
00:12:22,041 --> 00:12:24,041
which meant that you were there
under very limited

251
00:12:24,125 --> 00:12:27,917
and very strict conditions,
and there were many conditions.

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00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:30,417
Number one, you had
to completely cover yourself

253
00:12:30,500 --> 00:12:31,750
except your face.

254
00:12:31,833 --> 00:12:34,040
Number two,
you couldn't meet with women.

255
00:12:34,125 --> 00:12:36,207
Number three, you couldn't
take pictures of anything.

256
00:12:36,290 --> 00:12:38,542
I had a camera, a small camera,

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00:12:38,625 --> 00:12:40,709
hidden under
my voluminous scarf,

258
00:12:40,792 --> 00:12:43,582
and we stopped at a bakery
to buy some bread,

259
00:12:43,667 --> 00:12:46,250
and I saw this boy's face
through the window,

260
00:12:46,332 --> 00:12:49,332
and I just ducked
into the bakery,

261
00:12:49,417 --> 00:12:50,667
and I got out my camera,

262
00:12:50,750 --> 00:12:53,332
and I just took this
one single picture of him,

263
00:12:53,417 --> 00:12:54,500
and then I left.

264
00:12:54,582 --> 00:12:59,457
♪♪♪

265
00:13:03,250 --> 00:13:07,625
There was no music, no-no TV,
no phone system to speak of.

266
00:13:07,708 --> 00:13:10,250
Women were locked
inside their houses.

267
00:13:10,332 --> 00:13:13,542
Girls were not educated.
The economy totally collapsed.

268
00:13:13,625 --> 00:13:17,875
♪♪♪

269
00:13:17,958 --> 00:13:21,625
The deal was,
you get the right to life,

270
00:13:21,708 --> 00:13:25,417
and you give up pretty much
all other rights.

271
00:13:25,500 --> 00:13:29,667
♪♪♪

272
00:13:35,250 --> 00:13:38,250
[Rahmani] This is the pictures
of all the ambassadors

273
00:13:38,332 --> 00:13:40,375
that served here.

274
00:13:40,457 --> 00:13:43,207
As you can see,
there are no women.

275
00:13:43,290 --> 00:13:45,250
So here, I would come
as a shock factor,

276
00:13:45,332 --> 00:13:47,500
but that's where
the change happens.

277
00:13:57,582 --> 00:13:58,959
Starting '92,

278
00:13:59,040 --> 00:14:02,332
I found the country
in the worst possible shape.

279
00:14:02,417 --> 00:14:07,417
There was this, uh, ambience

280
00:14:07,500 --> 00:14:09,917
of darkness and fear

281
00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:12,582
and gloom.

282
00:14:12,667 --> 00:14:15,582
♪♪♪

283
00:14:15,667 --> 00:14:17,500
We have to wear burkas.

284
00:14:17,582 --> 00:14:20,625
We never wore burkas
in my entire life.

285
00:14:20,708 --> 00:14:23,417
I was a young teenager,
and I thought, "Why?

286
00:14:23,500 --> 00:14:26,207
Why should I be like this?"

287
00:14:26,291 --> 00:14:29,125
I told my family
that I am going to sew

288
00:14:29,207 --> 00:14:32,000
the two big shawls
that we had

289
00:14:32,082 --> 00:14:34,375
so that I will have
a very big sheet,

290
00:14:34,457 --> 00:14:35,457
and I would fully
cover myself,

291
00:14:35,542 --> 00:14:38,290
but I am not gonna
wear a burka.

292
00:14:38,375 --> 00:14:43,000
It symbolized
so much oppression to me.

293
00:14:43,082 --> 00:14:47,582
♪♪♪

294
00:14:50,625 --> 00:14:52,417
In 2001,

295
00:14:52,500 --> 00:14:57,000
there were 900,000 students
in school,

296
00:14:57,082 --> 00:14:59,040
and the number of girls?

297
00:14:59,125 --> 00:15:00,625
Zero.

298
00:15:03,125 --> 00:15:06,750
We did not want our
generations to be illiterate.

299
00:15:06,833 --> 00:15:10,332
So, if somebody knew math,

300
00:15:10,417 --> 00:15:13,291
they would quietly tell

301
00:15:13,375 --> 00:15:15,917
the neighborhood, uh,
boys and girls

302
00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:19,332
that, "We will teach you math,"

303
00:15:19,417 --> 00:15:21,750
but that always had
to be hidden.

304
00:15:23,417 --> 00:15:26,667
[Schroen] We said,
"When you guys are victorious

305
00:15:26,750 --> 00:15:28,667
and the Soviets are gone,
we're finished.

306
00:15:28,750 --> 00:15:30,667
We turn the country
over to you.

307
00:15:30,750 --> 00:15:31,125
We're not here forever."

308
00:15:31,207 --> 00:15:34,834
♪♪♪

309
00:15:34,917 --> 00:15:37,667
When that happened,
we basically walked away.

310
00:15:37,750 --> 00:15:42,834
♪♪♪

311
00:15:43,750 --> 00:15:46,082
When the Taliban took over,
most people said,

312
00:15:46,165 --> 00:15:47,375
"There's nothing
we can do about it,

313
00:15:47,457 --> 00:15:48,792
so we're not gonna
do anything.

314
00:15:48,875 --> 00:15:51,125
We're not even gonna
worry about it."

315
00:15:51,207 --> 00:15:54,125
Our interest really was
when bin Laden went there,

316
00:15:54,207 --> 00:15:57,667
rather than anything that's
gonna change Afghanistan.

317
00:15:57,750 --> 00:16:02,582
♪♪♪

318
00:16:02,667 --> 00:16:05,500
[Saleh]
I come from a rural family.

319
00:16:05,582 --> 00:16:07,125
Uh, we were one
of the destitute families,

320
00:16:07,207 --> 00:16:10,041
uh, due to war,

321
00:16:10,125 --> 00:16:14,375
and, uh, when I became
able enough,

322
00:16:14,457 --> 00:16:16,500
I went back to the valley,

323
00:16:16,582 --> 00:16:19,375
and I joined, uh, the forces
fighting the regime.

324
00:16:19,457 --> 00:16:22,082
[woman]
At the age of 19,

325
00:16:22,166 --> 00:16:23,542
he was already
a seasoned war veteran

326
00:16:23,625 --> 00:16:26,792
in charge
of rebuilding villages

327
00:16:26,875 --> 00:16:27,625
bombed in the fighting.

328
00:16:27,708 --> 00:16:30,166
[Saleh]
Couple of years later,

329
00:16:30,250 --> 00:16:33,000
I was given
intelligence assignment.

330
00:16:33,082 --> 00:16:36,375
So, since '97, I was assigned

331
00:16:36,457 --> 00:16:38,582
to handle
the overall relationship

332
00:16:38,667 --> 00:16:39,834
with the, uh--with the CIA.

333
00:16:42,625 --> 00:16:45,375
The strategic aspect
of the relationship

334
00:16:45,457 --> 00:16:47,959
was telling them
what is terrorism,

335
00:16:48,040 --> 00:16:52,250
what is bin Laden,
what is al-Qaeda,

336
00:16:52,332 --> 00:16:56,125
and what type of threat
does it pose

337
00:16:56,207 --> 00:16:59,417
to U.S. interest
in the wider region

338
00:16:59,500 --> 00:17:02,082
and how we should, uh, cope
with it.

339
00:17:02,166 --> 00:17:03,417
Of course, they were not
very receptive

340
00:17:03,500 --> 00:17:06,625
of our strategic analysis.

341
00:17:06,709 --> 00:17:10,666
They were showing
very little interest

342
00:17:10,750 --> 00:17:13,083
to the hosts of al-Qaeda.

343
00:17:13,165 --> 00:17:16,375
They were showing
very, very little interest

344
00:17:16,458 --> 00:17:18,750
to the plight
of the Afghan people,

345
00:17:18,834 --> 00:17:23,333
who were suffering
under that terrorist regime.

346
00:17:23,416 --> 00:17:25,791
♪♪♪

347
00:17:25,875 --> 00:17:26,500
[Bergen] One thing Afghans
don't need a lot of help with

348
00:17:26,583 --> 00:17:29,709
is fighting,
uh, and, uh--

349
00:17:29,791 --> 00:17:31,583
but a number of Arabs,
like Osama bin Laden, came,

350
00:17:31,666 --> 00:17:33,791
and they were very idealistic.

351
00:17:33,875 --> 00:17:35,250
They weren't very large
in number.

352
00:17:35,333 --> 00:17:36,791
They weren't
very military effective.

353
00:17:36,875 --> 00:17:39,083
They didn't have
any fighting experience.

354
00:17:39,165 --> 00:17:40,125
But they got together,

355
00:17:40,208 --> 00:17:43,083
and he founded al-Qaeda
over the course

356
00:17:43,165 --> 00:17:45,458
of a couple of weekends
in Pakistan

357
00:17:45,541 --> 00:17:47,709
in August of 1988.

358
00:17:47,791 --> 00:17:51,791
It was a very secretive
organization.

359
00:17:51,875 --> 00:17:54,416
[Coll] They really didn't have
very many places to go,

360
00:17:54,500 --> 00:17:57,458
and Afghanistan was one place
where bin Laden thought

361
00:17:57,541 --> 00:18:01,709
he could establish
al-Qaeda's headquarters.

362
00:18:02,750 --> 00:18:05,500
[Bergen] In '96, I read
a State Department report

363
00:18:05,583 --> 00:18:06,791
about bin Laden

364
00:18:06,875 --> 00:18:09,000
saying he's financing
Islamic extremism.

365
00:18:09,083 --> 00:18:11,875
He's recruited all of these
Arabs from around the world,

366
00:18:11,959 --> 00:18:13,500
and he could be a problem.

367
00:18:13,583 --> 00:18:14,834
So I went to my bosses at CNN.

368
00:18:14,916 --> 00:18:17,125
I said, "Let's try
and interview this guy."

369
00:18:17,208 --> 00:18:18,500
You know, this is, like,
the hostage video.

370
00:18:18,583 --> 00:18:22,458
Yeah.
The hostage video.

371
00:18:22,541 --> 00:18:25,165
♪♪♪

372
00:18:25,250 --> 00:18:27,375
There we are.
We look almost human.

373
00:18:30,500 --> 00:18:34,458
speaking native language

374
00:18:42,583 --> 00:18:43,875
No one really paid
any attention until 1998,

375
00:18:43,959 --> 00:18:47,333
when al-Qaeda
blew up two American embassies

376
00:18:47,416 --> 00:18:49,290
within nine minutes
of each other.

377
00:18:49,375 --> 00:18:52,541
Two bombs exploded
almost simultaneously today

378
00:18:52,625 --> 00:18:55,165
at the U.S. embassies
in the East Africa nations

379
00:18:55,250 --> 00:18:56,750
of Kenya and Tanzania.

380
00:18:56,834 --> 00:18:57,875
[woman] U.S. officials
say the bombings

381
00:18:57,959 --> 00:19:01,541
have all the fingerprints
of Middle East terror.

382
00:19:01,625 --> 00:19:02,959
[Bergen] That is when
it became clear

383
00:19:03,040 --> 00:19:04,208
that bin Laden and al-Qaeda

384
00:19:04,290 --> 00:19:05,500
was really a big deal
and could--

385
00:19:05,583 --> 00:19:08,250
not only were spouting all
this anti-American rhetoric

386
00:19:08,333 --> 00:19:12,250
but trying to kill, you know,
large numbers of Americans.

387
00:19:12,333 --> 00:19:14,500
[Bill Clinton] There is
convincing information

388
00:19:14,583 --> 00:19:16,541
from our
intelligence community

389
00:19:16,625 --> 00:19:17,625
that the bin Laden
terrorist network

390
00:19:17,709 --> 00:19:21,959
was responsible
for these bombings.

391
00:19:22,040 --> 00:19:23,834
[Grenier] Bin Laden
was constantly moving,

392
00:19:23,916 --> 00:19:25,791
and we were using
Afghan tribal networks

393
00:19:25,875 --> 00:19:28,916
to report on his travels
and his whereabouts.

394
00:19:30,916 --> 00:19:32,500
Our tribal contacts
came to us,

395
00:19:32,583 --> 00:19:34,791
and they said, "Look,
he's in this location now.

396
00:19:34,875 --> 00:19:36,416
When he leaves, he's gonna
have to go through

397
00:19:36,500 --> 00:19:37,750
this particular crossroads,"

398
00:19:37,834 --> 00:19:41,541
and so what they proposed
was to bury

399
00:19:41,625 --> 00:19:44,750
a huge cache of explosives
underneath those crossroads

400
00:19:44,834 --> 00:19:48,000
so that when his convoy
came through,

401
00:19:48,083 --> 00:19:49,916
they could simply blow it up.

402
00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:53,375
And we said, "Absolutely not."

403
00:19:53,458 --> 00:19:57,333
We were risking jail
if we didn't tell them that,

404
00:19:57,416 --> 00:20:01,000
because the CIA
had a so-called lethal finding

405
00:20:01,083 --> 00:20:03,416
that had been signed
by President Clinton

406
00:20:03,500 --> 00:20:06,040
which said that
we could engage in

407
00:20:06,125 --> 00:20:07,709
"lethal activity"
against bin Laden,

408
00:20:07,791 --> 00:20:13,458
but the purpose
of our attack on bin Laden

409
00:20:13,541 --> 00:20:15,916
couldn't be to kill him.

410
00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:19,458
We were being asked
to remove this threat

411
00:20:19,541 --> 00:20:20,959
to the United States

412
00:20:21,040 --> 00:20:26,000
essentially with one hand
tied behind our backs.

413
00:20:28,458 --> 00:20:30,791
[Martin]
I was a fairly junior officer,

414
00:20:30,875 --> 00:20:33,458
and as al-Qaeda grew
into a worldwide presence,

415
00:20:33,541 --> 00:20:35,333
we were very sensitive

416
00:20:35,416 --> 00:20:38,458
and very aware
of this growing phenomenon.

417
00:20:40,040 --> 00:20:42,458
It's not like
they were playing.

418
00:20:42,541 --> 00:20:45,125
The threat was real.

419
00:20:46,709 --> 00:20:49,083
And if President Clinton
had taken action

420
00:20:49,165 --> 00:20:50,500
and killed Osama bin Laden,

421
00:20:50,583 --> 00:20:53,834
there wouldn't
have been a 9/11.

422
00:20:53,916 --> 00:20:54,916
If there wouldn't have been
a 9/11,

423
00:20:55,000 --> 00:20:56,208
there wouldn't have been
Afghanistan.

424
00:20:56,290 --> 00:20:57,083
If there wouldn't have been
Afghanistan,

425
00:20:57,165 --> 00:20:59,834
there probably
wouldn't have been Iraq.

426
00:20:59,916 --> 00:21:02,333
What would the world be like?

427
00:21:02,416 --> 00:21:07,583
♪♪♪

428
00:21:11,083 --> 00:21:14,040
[Maddox] It still gets to me,
living in our nation's capital

429
00:21:14,125 --> 00:21:16,791
and every building
has significance...

430
00:21:19,208 --> 00:21:22,125
...especially driving by here.

431
00:21:23,458 --> 00:21:26,541
Something I'll never forget,
shaped my whole life.

432
00:21:26,625 --> 00:21:31,666
♪♪♪

433
00:21:31,750 --> 00:21:34,625
I had finished my first week
at Georgetown.

434
00:21:34,709 --> 00:21:36,875
They have a National Security
Studies program there.

435
00:21:36,959 --> 00:21:40,290
I was driving around
in the area,

436
00:21:40,375 --> 00:21:43,333
getting used to it
after that first week,

437
00:21:43,416 --> 00:21:45,583
and then a bunch of cars
stopped in front of me,

438
00:21:45,666 --> 00:21:49,541
and people got out and started
screaming and pointing.

439
00:21:49,625 --> 00:21:51,875
The plane had just hit
the Pentagon.

440
00:21:51,959 --> 00:21:56,709
♪♪♪

441
00:21:56,791 --> 00:21:58,541
When I came to D.C.,
I actually didn't think

442
00:21:58,625 --> 00:22:01,458
I would stay,

443
00:22:01,541 --> 00:22:03,750
but counterterrorism
developed into an entire field

444
00:22:03,834 --> 00:22:07,875
after that day,
and I got swept up in it.

445
00:22:07,959 --> 00:22:11,333
♪♪♪

446
00:22:11,416 --> 00:22:13,916
[Coll] On 9/11, it was clear
who the enemy was,

447
00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:17,750
and the Bush administration
went straight into Afghanistan,

448
00:22:17,834 --> 00:22:19,250
where al-Qaeda was,

449
00:22:19,333 --> 00:22:22,458
where bin Laden was,
and tried to attack them,

450
00:22:22,541 --> 00:22:24,916
both for the purpose
of responding to 9/11

451
00:22:25,000 --> 00:22:28,541
but also to try to disrupt
any planning

452
00:22:28,625 --> 00:22:29,583
that al-Qaeda
might have under way

453
00:22:29,666 --> 00:22:31,000
for a follow-on attack.

454
00:22:31,083 --> 00:22:33,750
[man] The Taliban
have now made it clear

455
00:22:33,834 --> 00:22:36,458
that they will not bow
to American pressure.

456
00:22:36,541 --> 00:22:39,916
At a chaotic press conference
at their embassy in Islamabad,

457
00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:42,208
they threatened holy war
if attacked

458
00:22:42,290 --> 00:22:43,625
and rejected
President Bush's demand

459
00:22:43,709 --> 00:22:46,666
to surrender Osama bin Laden.

460
00:22:46,750 --> 00:22:48,959
Are you willing to hand
Osama bin Laden

461
00:22:49,040 --> 00:22:50,416
to the United States or not?

462
00:22:50,500 --> 00:22:51,709
No, no, no, no.

463
00:22:53,458 --> 00:22:54,666
[Mohseni]
Well, for the Taliban,

464
00:22:54,750 --> 00:22:56,290
there was an opportunity
for them to distance,

465
00:22:56,375 --> 00:22:59,916
uh, the movement from these
groups and individuals,

466
00:23:00,000 --> 00:23:02,625
and we were hoping
they wouldn't,

467
00:23:02,709 --> 00:23:05,125
because, uh, for us,
it was an opportunity

468
00:23:05,208 --> 00:23:09,165
to actually rid Afghanistan
of the Taliban.

469
00:23:09,250 --> 00:23:13,000
And as we expected,
they stuck to their guns,

470
00:23:13,083 --> 00:23:18,208
and they did not
in any way compromise,

471
00:23:18,290 --> 00:23:20,959
and that was the beginning
of the end for them,

472
00:23:21,040 --> 00:23:22,500
at least in that period.

473
00:23:24,165 --> 00:23:26,916
[Schroen] When 9/11 happened,
they called me in.

474
00:23:27,000 --> 00:23:28,959
Basically, they said, "Will you
take the first team in?

475
00:23:29,040 --> 00:23:31,290
We got to--we want to put
a team together."

476
00:23:31,375 --> 00:23:32,458
I said, "Oh, God,

477
00:23:32,541 --> 00:23:34,416
everybody in the United States
wants to do this,

478
00:23:34,500 --> 00:23:36,375
and they're giving me the job,

479
00:23:36,458 --> 00:23:38,709
be the first people
to hit back at bin Laden?"

480
00:23:38,791 --> 00:23:40,750
I said, "Yeah,
better believe it."

481
00:23:41,959 --> 00:23:44,333
[Bernsten] When I entered,
you know, I had my orders.

482
00:23:44,416 --> 00:23:46,250
I had an operational directive
to execute on the ground.

483
00:23:46,333 --> 00:23:51,333
Number one, destroy the Taliban
because they're in the way.

484
00:23:51,416 --> 00:23:53,959
We have to get at al-Qaeda.

485
00:23:54,040 --> 00:23:57,375
Number two,
kill every member of al-Qaeda

486
00:23:57,458 --> 00:24:00,375
that you can find
on the battlefield.

487
00:24:00,458 --> 00:24:04,290
Number three,
find and kill bin Laden.

488
00:24:04,375 --> 00:24:09,250
♪♪♪

489
00:24:11,125 --> 00:24:12,666
[Schroen]
Well, when we left,

490
00:24:12,750 --> 00:24:14,165
chief of
Counterterrorism Center said--

491
00:24:14,250 --> 00:24:16,834
We met him on the morning
we were getting ready to leave,

492
00:24:16,916 --> 00:24:19,875
and he said, "I'm gonna
give you your orders now.

493
00:24:19,959 --> 00:24:21,875
Once the Northern Alliance
is ready

494
00:24:21,959 --> 00:24:24,959
and they go into Kabul,
we want you and your team

495
00:24:25,040 --> 00:24:26,290
to go in with them

496
00:24:26,375 --> 00:24:28,834
and capture bin Laden
and his lieutenants.

497
00:24:30,416 --> 00:24:33,083
Then what I want you to do is,
when you capture those guys,

498
00:24:33,165 --> 00:24:35,791
I want you to cut
their heads off,

499
00:24:35,875 --> 00:24:38,875
and the lieutenants, I want you
to put their heads on pikes

500
00:24:38,959 --> 00:24:40,083
and display them
and photograph them,

501
00:24:40,165 --> 00:24:43,375
and bin Laden,
I want you to take his head

502
00:24:43,458 --> 00:24:46,375
and put it on dry ice
in a box and ship it back,

503
00:24:46,458 --> 00:24:48,875
so I'm gonna take it
to the president to see."

504
00:24:48,959 --> 00:24:50,709
So I look at the deputy.

505
00:24:50,791 --> 00:24:53,916
He looks at me,
and I-I'm saying,

506
00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:56,458
"Is this guy serious?"

507
00:24:56,541 --> 00:25:01,541
I said, "Okay, maybe we could
cut off their heads.

508
00:25:01,625 --> 00:25:02,666
Maybe. I don't know."

509
00:25:02,750 --> 00:25:04,541
I said, "I doubt it,
but maybe we could."

510
00:25:04,625 --> 00:25:08,541
I said, "And we can certainly
make pikes out in the field.

511
00:25:08,625 --> 00:25:09,916
You know, that's not hard."

512
00:25:10,000 --> 00:25:11,583
I said, "But where
am I gonna find dry ice

513
00:25:11,666 --> 00:25:12,791
in Afghanistan?"

514
00:25:12,875 --> 00:25:17,750
♪♪♪

515
00:25:17,834 --> 00:25:18,959
[Coll]
Vice President Cheney

516
00:25:19,040 --> 00:25:21,750
said fairly soon
after the attacks,

517
00:25:21,834 --> 00:25:23,333
"We're gonna go over
to the dark side."

518
00:25:23,416 --> 00:25:25,416
And, historically,
when presidents have wanted

519
00:25:25,500 --> 00:25:29,750
to go over to the dark side,
they've asked the CIA to do it.

520
00:25:31,541 --> 00:25:32,709
[Cheney] A lot of what needs
to be done here

521
00:25:32,791 --> 00:25:36,583
will have to be done quietly
without any discussion,

522
00:25:36,666 --> 00:25:38,416
using sources and methods, uh,

523
00:25:38,500 --> 00:25:40,208
that are available
to our intelligence agencies.

524
00:25:51,583 --> 00:25:54,416
[Gossman] The first trip
I took was in 1994,

525
00:25:54,500 --> 00:25:57,000
Human Rights Watch.

526
00:25:57,083 --> 00:25:58,500
The war had continued.

527
00:25:58,583 --> 00:26:00,165
The Soviets had gone,
but the war was continuing,

528
00:26:00,250 --> 00:26:02,875
which was sort of--
came to be the story

529
00:26:02,959 --> 00:26:04,290
over the many years
I went to Afghanistan.

530
00:26:04,375 --> 00:26:07,583
Despite whatever
political changes happened,

531
00:26:07,625 --> 00:26:10,250
the war almost had a life
of its own and continued.

532
00:26:14,666 --> 00:26:19,500
The first boots on the ground
after 9/11 were the CIA,

533
00:26:19,583 --> 00:26:22,750
and very quickly,
they began working with

534
00:26:22,834 --> 00:26:25,875
and bolstering militia groups
to work with,

535
00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:29,040
and those groups
were designed,

536
00:26:29,165 --> 00:26:30,750
recruited, and trained

537
00:26:30,834 --> 00:26:35,625
to go after leading al-Qaeda
or Taliban figures.

538
00:26:37,541 --> 00:26:41,583
[Coll] The CIA was transformed
as an institution by 9/11.

539
00:26:42,375 --> 00:26:45,791
Out of that came
the, uh, structure

540
00:26:45,875 --> 00:26:47,583
that is now notorious...

541
00:26:47,666 --> 00:26:52,208
the black sites, the enhanced
interrogation techniques,

542
00:26:52,290 --> 00:26:55,750
the waterboarding,
and the rest.

543
00:26:55,834 --> 00:26:58,709
When I joined
the agency in the 1980s,

544
00:26:58,791 --> 00:27:02,250
only the bad guys
used those techniques on us.

545
00:27:02,333 --> 00:27:03,666
Unlike the FBI,

546
00:27:03,750 --> 00:27:08,625
the agency really did not have
any skill in interrogation,

547
00:27:08,709 --> 00:27:11,500
especially
hostile interrogation.

548
00:27:11,583 --> 00:27:12,333
That was something new.

549
00:27:14,709 --> 00:27:16,040
[Martin]
I can honestly say

550
00:27:16,125 --> 00:27:18,000
I know what attacks
were stopped.

551
00:27:18,083 --> 00:27:20,916
I know how hard
the folks worked,

552
00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:22,750
and I also know
they weren't emotional.

553
00:27:22,834 --> 00:27:25,666
People weren't having fun
waterboarding people.

554
00:27:25,750 --> 00:27:27,040
[Maddox]
I would never say

555
00:27:27,125 --> 00:27:29,625
that I am in support
of torture

556
00:27:29,709 --> 00:27:32,165
or anything in that regard,

557
00:27:32,250 --> 00:27:36,040
but there was definitely
a push technically

558
00:27:36,125 --> 00:27:37,500
and in human intelligence

559
00:27:37,583 --> 00:27:40,250
to get as much information
as possible,

560
00:27:40,333 --> 00:27:42,416
and you have
to put yourself back

561
00:27:42,500 --> 00:27:45,333
in that particular time
in history.

562
00:27:51,250 --> 00:27:51,959
When I think about...

563
00:27:52,040 --> 00:27:54,290
when I think about the kids

564
00:27:54,375 --> 00:27:56,208
and the-and the-and the-
and the women and children

565
00:27:56,290 --> 00:27:59,040
and good Americans
who are still alive

566
00:27:59,125 --> 00:28:00,000
because of what we did,
you know what I say?

567
00:28:00,083 --> 00:28:03,375
I say, "Fuck history.

568
00:28:03,458 --> 00:28:04,458
Fuck history."

569
00:28:04,541 --> 00:28:09,834
As far as that program,
I slept good at night.

570
00:28:09,916 --> 00:28:11,040
[Gossman]
I did a briefing on it

571
00:28:11,125 --> 00:28:12,709
for all the ambassadors
in Kabul,

572
00:28:12,791 --> 00:28:15,250
and I had said

573
00:28:15,333 --> 00:28:17,500
that the torture
that had been described

574
00:28:17,583 --> 00:28:20,750
by people who had investigated
the secret detentions,

575
00:28:20,834 --> 00:28:23,875
the salt pit, the case
of people being left out,

576
00:28:23,959 --> 00:28:26,208
dying of hypothermia,
and the rest of it,

577
00:28:26,290 --> 00:28:29,709
these kinds of torture
and secret detentions

578
00:28:29,791 --> 00:28:31,583
had been known
in the Soviet times.

579
00:28:31,666 --> 00:28:35,083
It was shocking for them
to be coming up again

580
00:28:35,165 --> 00:28:36,709
in post-2001 Afghanistan.

581
00:28:37,625 --> 00:28:40,666
The Americans didn't
come to the briefing,

582
00:28:40,750 --> 00:28:42,666
but they came
immediately afterwards

583
00:28:42,750 --> 00:28:44,250
and wanted to see me.

584
00:28:44,333 --> 00:28:45,083
When I was approached
by one of them,

585
00:28:45,165 --> 00:28:50,500
he was so angry,
he was shaking.

586
00:28:50,583 --> 00:28:54,750
The very fact I dared
compare those abuses

587
00:28:54,834 --> 00:28:56,000
to what had happened
with the Soviets

588
00:28:56,083 --> 00:28:58,959
had infuriated him,

589
00:28:59,040 --> 00:29:01,583
and I'm just like--
that's what infuriated him,

590
00:29:01,666 --> 00:29:03,458
not the fact
that they happened

591
00:29:03,541 --> 00:29:06,333
but that I had made
a comparison with the Soviets.

592
00:29:07,333 --> 00:29:10,916
The way the-that war
has been fought,

593
00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:12,916
the counterterrorism war,

594
00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:16,000
it's largely shaped
where we are today.

595
00:29:16,083 --> 00:29:19,290
It was always the CIA's war.

596
00:29:19,375 --> 00:29:21,834
It was in the '80s, the '90s,
and it was after 2001.

597
00:29:21,916 --> 00:29:27,666
♪♪♪

598
00:29:27,750 --> 00:29:29,000
[Bernsten] We enter Kabul.
It's 12 November.

599
00:29:29,083 --> 00:29:31,625
I know bin Laden's fled.

600
00:29:31,709 --> 00:29:33,500
Watch bin Laden move south,

601
00:29:33,583 --> 00:29:35,333
which was down to Tora Bora,

602
00:29:35,416 --> 00:29:37,208
and then pursued right away.

603
00:29:38,208 --> 00:29:41,083
Tora Bora is a very remote
mountainous part of Afghanistan

604
00:29:41,165 --> 00:29:42,791
on the border with Pakistan.

605
00:29:42,875 --> 00:29:43,959
It's an area
that he knew very well.

606
00:29:44,040 --> 00:29:46,709
He'd been going through
that area during the '80s,

607
00:29:46,791 --> 00:29:48,040
fighting the Soviets.

608
00:29:48,125 --> 00:29:49,458
It's an area--
he liked being there.

609
00:29:49,541 --> 00:29:52,333
He, uh--he had, like,
a vacation home there,

610
00:29:52,416 --> 00:29:55,583
which wouldn't be my
first choice of vacation spot.

611
00:29:55,666 --> 00:29:56,875
[Bernsten]
We knew that bin Laden

612
00:29:56,959 --> 00:29:58,750
was moving with a group
of about 1,000 people.

613
00:29:58,834 --> 00:30:00,583
Right away they said, "Okay,
we're gonna go pursue him."

614
00:30:00,666 --> 00:30:03,834
I said, "Do it. Send them in."
We go up.

615
00:30:03,916 --> 00:30:06,834
They get up on top
of a promontory mountain piece,

616
00:30:06,916 --> 00:30:08,165
and then down below,

617
00:30:08,250 --> 00:30:09,125
there's bin Laden
and his huge element.

618
00:30:09,208 --> 00:30:10,709
Our team had a SOFLAM,

619
00:30:10,791 --> 00:30:14,791
Special Operations Forces
Laser Acquisition Mechanism,

620
00:30:14,875 --> 00:30:16,208
which allowed them to target

621
00:30:16,290 --> 00:30:19,000
and do 56 hours of air strikes

622
00:30:19,083 --> 00:30:22,250
and just hammer them.

623
00:30:23,750 --> 00:30:26,500
We bombed the bejesus
out of the place.

624
00:30:26,583 --> 00:30:27,290
[Bernsten] We destroyed
most of their gear,

625
00:30:27,375 --> 00:30:29,458
their radios, their vehicles.

626
00:30:29,541 --> 00:30:31,666
They had tanks.
They had all sorts of stuff.

627
00:30:31,750 --> 00:30:33,875
They were trying
to get up into position.

628
00:30:33,959 --> 00:30:36,083
We wrecked it all on the ground
before they could get up there

629
00:30:36,165 --> 00:30:37,666
and killed a bunch of them.

630
00:30:37,750 --> 00:30:40,083
Bin Laden wrote his will
at Tora Bora.

631
00:30:40,165 --> 00:30:42,625
He thought he was gonna die.

632
00:30:42,709 --> 00:30:44,541
He thought this was the end.

633
00:30:44,625 --> 00:30:49,040
♪♪♪

634
00:30:49,125 --> 00:30:50,709
But it wasn't.

635
00:30:50,791 --> 00:30:53,666
♪♪♪

636
00:30:53,750 --> 00:30:55,709
[Bernsten] So, after our guys
go up, do the bombing,

637
00:30:55,791 --> 00:30:58,333
the initial bombing,
that first four guys come out,

638
00:30:58,416 --> 00:31:00,290
and one of those guys had been
a former Delta Force guy,

639
00:31:00,375 --> 00:31:03,959
have him brought right back.

640
00:31:04,040 --> 00:31:05,333
He's the one
that says to me, "Gary,

641
00:31:05,416 --> 00:31:08,208
we are going to need
U.S. forces."

642
00:31:08,290 --> 00:31:11,208
♪♪♪

643
00:31:11,290 --> 00:31:14,541
[Bergen]
The CIA requested 800 Rangers,

644
00:31:14,625 --> 00:31:16,916
but that request was
turned down by the U.S. Army.

645
00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:19,290
♪♪♪

646
00:31:19,375 --> 00:31:22,083
What Gary Brunson
was arguing for, I think,

647
00:31:22,165 --> 00:31:24,916
were very large numbers
of troops, uh,

648
00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:26,250
to go into the valleys,

649
00:31:26,333 --> 00:31:28,458
and, frankly, I-I thought that
much of what he was advocating

650
00:31:28,541 --> 00:31:31,500
at the time
was not gonna be effective.

651
00:31:31,583 --> 00:31:34,125
Gary probably had a little bit
more enthusiasm than judgment.

652
00:31:34,208 --> 00:31:36,000
♪♪♪

653
00:31:36,083 --> 00:31:39,583
That's bullshit.

654
00:31:39,666 --> 00:31:41,750
They weren't accustomed
to having to make decisions

655
00:31:41,834 --> 00:31:44,165
as rapidly as I was forcing

656
00:31:44,250 --> 00:31:46,750
because I knew the enemy
was going to escape.

657
00:31:46,834 --> 00:31:48,250
I didn't have a choice.

658
00:31:48,333 --> 00:31:52,416
♪♪♪

659
00:31:52,500 --> 00:31:54,916
On the 16th of December,

660
00:31:55,000 --> 00:31:59,000
bin Laden and his-his-his guys
left the mountains.

661
00:31:59,083 --> 00:32:02,000
♪♪♪

662
00:32:02,083 --> 00:32:04,709
They just walked across
into Pakistan.

663
00:32:04,791 --> 00:32:06,709
They got on motorcycles
and just headed out,

664
00:32:06,791 --> 00:32:11,290
and it took us all those years
later before we found him.

665
00:32:11,375 --> 00:32:15,541
♪♪♪

666
00:32:21,458 --> 00:32:25,040
We were building the country.

667
00:32:25,125 --> 00:32:27,666
We were training
the Afghan military.

668
00:32:27,750 --> 00:32:29,791
We were paying
for building of facilities

669
00:32:29,875 --> 00:32:31,500
with the U.S. military.

670
00:32:31,583 --> 00:32:33,040
We had turned it over
to State Department and say,

671
00:32:33,125 --> 00:32:34,834
"Okay,
now you build a new nation.

672
00:32:34,916 --> 00:32:37,791
You teach them democracy,
how do they handle elections.

673
00:32:37,875 --> 00:32:40,165
Do all that stuff."

674
00:32:40,250 --> 00:32:41,709
[Rahmani]
As things progressed,

675
00:32:41,791 --> 00:32:44,208
it was a dream come true,

676
00:32:44,290 --> 00:32:45,500
and it was hard to believe

677
00:32:45,583 --> 00:32:49,000
that we had got
a second chance to live.

678
00:32:49,083 --> 00:32:51,834
♪♪♪

679
00:32:51,916 --> 00:32:55,541
That was when I really
explored the country.

680
00:32:55,625 --> 00:32:57,333
That was when I started

681
00:32:57,416 --> 00:33:00,333
not only to travel
to every corner of Kabul

682
00:33:00,416 --> 00:33:03,791
but also to over 15 provinces.

683
00:33:05,750 --> 00:33:06,709
It was a utopia.

684
00:33:09,500 --> 00:33:11,583
[Barker] My first trip
over to Afghanistan

685
00:33:11,666 --> 00:33:14,208
was in January of 2002.

686
00:33:15,416 --> 00:33:17,625
There's a reason that most
of the, like, correspondents

687
00:33:17,709 --> 00:33:21,834
that came up
during that time were women.

688
00:33:21,916 --> 00:33:22,709
Men had a very hard time,

689
00:33:22,791 --> 00:33:25,125
particularly
in the early days,

690
00:33:25,208 --> 00:33:26,375
doing stories about women,

691
00:33:26,458 --> 00:33:28,375
and women were
a fascinating story

692
00:33:28,458 --> 00:33:31,500
and an important story
in Afghanistan.

693
00:33:33,250 --> 00:33:35,500
[Waldman] My first stories
in Afghanistan

694
00:33:35,583 --> 00:33:36,416
were about what life
had been like

695
00:33:36,500 --> 00:33:39,125
for the women under the Taliban

696
00:33:39,208 --> 00:33:41,040
because they were finally able
to speak freely.

697
00:33:41,125 --> 00:33:44,666
♪♪♪

698
00:33:44,750 --> 00:33:47,040
There were women
who had been forcibly married

699
00:33:47,125 --> 00:33:49,290
to the Taliban.

700
00:33:49,375 --> 00:33:52,040
There were teachers
and doctors and young women

701
00:33:52,125 --> 00:33:53,208
who had grown up

702
00:33:53,290 --> 00:33:56,625
during those five years
of not being free at all.

703
00:33:57,959 --> 00:34:02,625
[Barker] As people finally had
access to the outside world,

704
00:34:02,709 --> 00:34:05,750
the culture was changing
before our very eyes.

705
00:34:05,834 --> 00:34:10,750
♪♪♪

706
00:34:13,750 --> 00:34:17,125
[Mohseni] I left Afghanistan
when I was 12.

707
00:34:17,208 --> 00:34:20,750
I had not been to the country
for a very long time.

708
00:34:20,833 --> 00:34:22,750
But the need to come back, uh,

709
00:34:22,833 --> 00:34:24,791
was very strong
for not just me

710
00:34:24,875 --> 00:34:27,416
but for a lot of other Afghans.

711
00:34:27,500 --> 00:34:29,416
I was a banker,
and my brother was a lawyer,

712
00:34:29,500 --> 00:34:31,416
and the other brother
was a finance person,

713
00:34:31,500 --> 00:34:34,083
and our sister
was a marketing person.

714
00:34:34,166 --> 00:34:36,875
And in 2002,

715
00:34:36,958 --> 00:34:38,916
we secured
the first private license

716
00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:40,833
for a radio station.

717
00:34:42,458 --> 00:34:44,250
[laughter on radio]

718
00:34:44,333 --> 00:34:45,125
[woman]
speaking native language

719
00:34:45,208 --> 00:34:46,458
[laughter]

720
00:34:46,541 --> 00:34:50,791
[indistinct chatter on radio]

721
00:34:50,875 --> 00:34:52,833
♪♪♪

722
00:34:52,916 --> 00:34:55,666
[Mohseni] It was about music.
It was about jokes.

723
00:34:55,750 --> 00:34:59,583
It was men and women
just having a conversation.

724
00:34:59,666 --> 00:35:01,375
♪♪♪

725
00:35:01,458 --> 00:35:06,125
But it's ironic that...

726
00:35:06,208 --> 00:35:08,875
how many people
are enemies of fun.

727
00:35:08,958 --> 00:35:10,291
The conservatives at the time,

728
00:35:10,375 --> 00:35:14,416
they were very suspicious.

729
00:35:14,500 --> 00:35:18,125
We're a bunch of young people
in this house, basically,

730
00:35:18,208 --> 00:35:20,875
no security whatsoever,

731
00:35:20,958 --> 00:35:23,625
and people would literally
knock on our doors and say,

732
00:35:23,708 --> 00:35:24,583
"We hate you guys."

733
00:35:24,666 --> 00:35:28,208
But so the radio
was a success,

734
00:35:28,291 --> 00:35:30,250
and we thought
the natural progression

735
00:35:30,333 --> 00:35:33,166
would be to launch
a television station.

736
00:35:33,250 --> 00:35:36,250
[man]
speaking native language

737
00:35:37,416 --> 00:35:40,666
speaking native language

738
00:35:43,416 --> 00:35:45,708
[Mohseni] We saw the good news
on day one,

739
00:35:45,791 --> 00:35:47,875
and we came up
with all sorts of programs

740
00:35:47,958 --> 00:35:49,500
that we could produce quickly.

741
00:35:49,583 --> 00:35:51,666
[applause]

742
00:35:51,750 --> 00:35:55,250
And then we started
to do really big stuff,

743
00:35:55,333 --> 00:35:57,500
like the Idol  format
with Afghan Star.

744
00:35:57,583 --> 00:36:01,541
♪ upbeat rock music ♪

745
00:36:01,625 --> 00:36:05,500
singing in native language

746
00:36:05,583 --> 00:36:09,666
speaking native language

747
00:36:11,125 --> 00:36:12,375
[Mohseni]
When we first launched,

748
00:36:12,458 --> 00:36:14,083
this whole idea
of voting for a winner,

749
00:36:14,166 --> 00:36:17,708
they couldn't believe that we
would stick to our principles

750
00:36:17,791 --> 00:36:21,458
in terms of, like, counting
people's text messages.

751
00:36:22,625 --> 00:36:24,458
But what was extraordinary

752
00:36:24,541 --> 00:36:26,416
was how quickly
people accepted it.

753
00:36:26,500 --> 00:36:29,208
[cheers and applause]

754
00:36:29,291 --> 00:36:31,041
That's what's interesting
with the media.

755
00:36:31,125 --> 00:36:33,875
We just give people sort of
a glimpse of what's possible.

756
00:36:37,458 --> 00:36:39,458
[woman]
This weekend in Afghanistan,

757
00:36:39,541 --> 00:36:41,708
the voice of the people
was finally heard.

758
00:36:41,791 --> 00:36:44,541
[woman] Precious ballots
from Afghanistan's

759
00:36:44,625 --> 00:36:46,916
only presidential
election in 5,000 years

760
00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:50,375
poured into counting centers
around the country.

761
00:36:50,458 --> 00:36:52,375
[indistinct chatter]

762
00:36:52,458 --> 00:36:53,458
[Bergen] There hasn't been
a presidential election

763
00:36:53,541 --> 00:36:56,208
in the United States
since 1900 where 70 percent

764
00:36:56,291 --> 00:36:59,416
of the population
able to vote voted.

765
00:36:59,500 --> 00:37:00,916
♪ soft music ♪

766
00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:03,750
[Constable] I went
to villages and schools

767
00:37:03,833 --> 00:37:05,041
where people were voting,

768
00:37:05,125 --> 00:37:09,125
and the feeling in those rooms

769
00:37:09,208 --> 00:37:12,791
was one of pride and hope

770
00:37:12,833 --> 00:37:17,750
and belief that things
were getting better

771
00:37:17,791 --> 00:37:21,458
and that the system
that was being created

772
00:37:21,500 --> 00:37:22,250
would help the country.

773
00:37:22,333 --> 00:37:25,875
[applause]

774
00:37:25,958 --> 00:37:29,000
[Karzai] The Afghan people,
by coming out and voting,

775
00:37:29,083 --> 00:37:31,375
have given the last

776
00:37:31,500 --> 00:37:34,833
defeat to terrorism.

777
00:37:35,625 --> 00:37:36,750
[Cheney]
The tyranny is gone,

778
00:37:36,791 --> 00:37:39,875
the terrorist enemy
is scattered,

779
00:37:39,958 --> 00:37:42,916
and the people
of Afghanistan are free.

780
00:37:44,500 --> 00:37:46,666
[Schroen] I thought,
"If things keep on like this,

781
00:37:46,791 --> 00:37:50,500
we can win this
in a couple of years."

782
00:37:50,625 --> 00:37:55,791
♪♪♪

783
00:38:04,083 --> 00:38:05,625
[McRaven]
All the books you see here

784
00:38:05,708 --> 00:38:07,500
are about
special operations missions,

785
00:38:07,583 --> 00:38:09,416
and they don't always go well.

786
00:38:09,500 --> 00:38:11,208
Uh, you know, when I think
about Desert One,

787
00:38:11,291 --> 00:38:12,250
it didn't go well.

788
00:38:12,333 --> 00:38:13,750
When I think about
a lot of these, uh, books

789
00:38:13,791 --> 00:38:14,583
that are here
on World War II missions,

790
00:38:14,666 --> 00:38:16,958
they didn't go well.

791
00:38:17,041 --> 00:38:21,041
So I actually drew
on a lot of the lessons

792
00:38:21,125 --> 00:38:23,625
because I wanted to make sure
whatever plan

793
00:38:23,708 --> 00:38:27,541
that I constructed for
the mission took into account,

794
00:38:27,625 --> 00:38:30,166
you know, the successes
and why we were successful

795
00:38:30,250 --> 00:38:30,958
and-and, frankly, the failures

796
00:38:31,041 --> 00:38:33,625
and how we avoid
those failures.

797
00:38:37,583 --> 00:38:39,041
I was sent overseas to run

798
00:38:39,125 --> 00:38:42,500
the Special Operations
Task Force in Afghanistan,

799
00:38:42,583 --> 00:38:44,208
and from a military
standpoint,

800
00:38:44,291 --> 00:38:47,833
Afghanistan appeared to be
kind of in a caretaker status.

801
00:38:47,958 --> 00:38:49,291
Please.

802
00:38:49,375 --> 00:38:52,875
We clearly have moved
to a period of stability

803
00:38:52,958 --> 00:38:55,916
and stabilization
and reconstruction.

804
00:38:56,000 --> 00:38:58,916
[McRaven] So we shifted
our focus in 2003

805
00:38:59,000 --> 00:39:02,083
as we began
the invasion of Iraq.

806
00:39:02,166 --> 00:39:03,750
[mortar fires]

807
00:39:03,833 --> 00:39:05,125
- [man] Jesus!
- [man 2] Whoo!

808
00:39:08,500 --> 00:39:13,041
[Martin]
Big tanks, big toys,

809
00:39:13,125 --> 00:39:15,708
that was the new war,

810
00:39:15,791 --> 00:39:17,791
and our allies
became confused at,

811
00:39:17,875 --> 00:39:19,916
what were
our real objectives?

812
00:39:20,000 --> 00:39:23,958
We will stay on task until
we've achieved our objective,

813
00:39:24,041 --> 00:39:27,666
which is to rid Iraq
of weapons of mass destruction.

814
00:39:27,750 --> 00:39:29,333
"What?

815
00:39:29,416 --> 00:39:31,333
They haven't hurt you.
Saddam hasn't hurt you.

816
00:39:31,416 --> 00:39:36,541
He doesn't like al-Qaeda.
There's not al-Qaeda in Iraq."

817
00:39:36,666 --> 00:39:38,708
[man]
Whoa!

818
00:39:38,791 --> 00:39:40,375
[Grenier] I was called
into a meeting

819
00:39:40,458 --> 00:39:41,208
with the CIA director,

820
00:39:41,291 --> 00:39:43,291
and he told me
that he wanted me

821
00:39:43,375 --> 00:39:45,166
to head up the CIA effort
in Iraq.

822
00:39:45,250 --> 00:39:49,500
And the most, uh,
experienced senior officers

823
00:39:49,583 --> 00:39:51,625
who were in a position,
you know, to deal

824
00:39:51,708 --> 00:39:53,291
at a political level, uh,

825
00:39:53,375 --> 00:39:55,791
very quickly left, uh,
the Afghan theater.

826
00:39:55,875 --> 00:39:57,625
We're worried about terrorism,
and next thing, we wake up,

827
00:39:57,708 --> 00:40:00,750
and-and resources are gone.

828
00:40:00,833 --> 00:40:05,583
♪ dramatic music ♪

829
00:40:05,666 --> 00:40:06,875
[Kilcullen] When I was
in the State Department

830
00:40:06,958 --> 00:40:08,291
Counterterrorism Bureau,

831
00:40:08,375 --> 00:40:12,000
the most important resource
that was in short supply

832
00:40:12,083 --> 00:40:15,625
was policy-maker attention,

833
00:40:15,708 --> 00:40:16,625
and I said,
"We actually have to focus

834
00:40:16,708 --> 00:40:19,833
on local-level governance,

835
00:40:19,916 --> 00:40:21,958
reforming the Afghan
corruption system,

836
00:40:22,041 --> 00:40:24,833
and giving the Afghan military

837
00:40:24,916 --> 00:40:28,416
a series of really basic
capabilities,"

838
00:40:28,500 --> 00:40:32,791
because by that point, we were
so sucked into the war in Iraq

839
00:40:32,875 --> 00:40:36,291
that we just didn't have
the bandwidth to deal with it.

840
00:40:36,375 --> 00:40:37,958
[man]
yelling in native language

841
00:40:38,041 --> 00:40:41,250
[Kilcullen]
And the Taliban in Pakistan

842
00:40:41,333 --> 00:40:44,083
and their cell groups
in Afghanistan

843
00:40:44,166 --> 00:40:45,833
began to exploit that.

844
00:40:45,916 --> 00:40:50,083
♪♪♪

845
00:40:59,250 --> 00:41:02,208
I, uh, was involved
in some of the early,

846
00:41:02,291 --> 00:41:05,583
early stages of talking
with the Taliban

847
00:41:05,666 --> 00:41:09,708
about how to ensure that they
didn't join an insurgency.

848
00:41:09,791 --> 00:41:10,708
They actually found
some way of reconciling

849
00:41:10,791 --> 00:41:13,500
with the new regime.

850
00:41:13,583 --> 00:41:14,500
I mean, it happened, like,
in my sitting room

851
00:41:14,583 --> 00:41:17,041
in, you know, the house
in Islamabad, um,

852
00:41:17,125 --> 00:41:18,250
you know, friendly discussions.

853
00:41:22,166 --> 00:41:25,458
[men]
speaking native language

854
00:41:26,500 --> 00:41:29,208
[Semple] My ability
to talk with Taliban today

855
00:41:29,291 --> 00:41:32,833
is based upon actions
which I have taken every day

856
00:41:32,916 --> 00:41:36,375
since I crossed
over the border in '89.

857
00:41:36,458 --> 00:41:38,291
They can check my reputation,

858
00:41:38,375 --> 00:41:40,208
work out how discreet I am,

859
00:41:40,291 --> 00:41:42,958
and reckon
if I am duplicitous,

860
00:41:43,041 --> 00:41:44,500
and I'm sort of, like,
doing the same

861
00:41:44,583 --> 00:41:45,375
when I'm talking with them,

862
00:41:45,458 --> 00:41:47,541
because, um,
one w-one way or another,

863
00:41:47,625 --> 00:41:51,000
both sides of the relationship
have got to trust each other

864
00:41:51,083 --> 00:41:52,750
to be able to-to go forward.

865
00:41:52,833 --> 00:41:55,750
♪♪♪

866
00:41:55,833 --> 00:41:58,083
In the wake of 9/11,

867
00:41:58,166 --> 00:42:02,375
the Taliban leadership
wanted surrender terms

868
00:42:02,458 --> 00:42:05,875
to live respectably
in their homes,

869
00:42:05,958 --> 00:42:08,125
recognizing the authority
of the new government

870
00:42:08,208 --> 00:42:11,458
which had been imposed
by the Americans.

871
00:42:12,500 --> 00:42:17,166
Those terms were available.
They were torn up.

872
00:42:18,666 --> 00:42:22,333
Instead we got increasingly
stories of Taliban

873
00:42:22,375 --> 00:42:24,833
who'd tried to go home to
their villages in Afghanistan

874
00:42:24,916 --> 00:42:27,375
either getting arrested
or giving up,

875
00:42:27,500 --> 00:42:28,625
crossing the border,

876
00:42:28,708 --> 00:42:30,333
going over to-to Pakistan

877
00:42:30,375 --> 00:42:32,166
ready for the next chapter.

878
00:42:32,208 --> 00:42:36,750
♪♪♪

879
00:42:36,833 --> 00:42:41,416
The Taliban start to reform
the organization, uh,

880
00:42:41,500 --> 00:42:45,000
saying that, "We have been
excluded from this new setup.

881
00:42:45,083 --> 00:42:46,541
We're gonna have
another go."

882
00:42:46,625 --> 00:42:49,375
[man]
Tonight  Frontline  reports

883
00:42:49,458 --> 00:42:52,625
on the return of the Taliban.

884
00:42:52,708 --> 00:42:55,625
[gunfire]

885
00:42:55,708 --> 00:43:00,083
♪♪♪

886
00:43:00,166 --> 00:43:01,125
There's some, uh,
ICOM chatter saying

887
00:43:01,208 --> 00:43:04,833
that the Taliban
are looking at us right now.

888
00:43:06,333 --> 00:43:08,666
[alarm blaring]

889
00:43:08,750 --> 00:43:11,666
♪ somber music ♪

890
00:43:11,750 --> 00:43:14,958
♪♪♪

891
00:43:15,041 --> 00:43:17,291
[man]
speaking native language

892
00:43:23,666 --> 00:43:26,625
[man]
speaking native language

893
00:43:27,750 --> 00:43:33,666
♪♪♪

894
00:43:44,333 --> 00:43:45,166
[Waldman]
For Americans,

895
00:43:45,250 --> 00:43:50,000
the original story
of this long war

896
00:43:50,083 --> 00:43:52,916
was we were saviors.

897
00:43:53,000 --> 00:43:56,833
♪♪♪

898
00:43:56,916 --> 00:44:00,333
We had gone in
and done a good thing...

899
00:44:00,416 --> 00:44:05,541
and people were ecstatic
to be free again.

900
00:44:07,125 --> 00:44:10,416
But the reality is,
I don't think

901
00:44:10,500 --> 00:44:14,833
it was ever as clean
as we wanted to believe.

902
00:44:14,916 --> 00:44:18,750
♪♪♪

903
00:44:18,833 --> 00:44:21,416
[Barker] The first inflection
point that I noticed

904
00:44:21,500 --> 00:44:23,125
happened in May 2006

905
00:44:23,208 --> 00:44:27,041
when a U.S. military convoy
crashed into a crowd of people,

906
00:44:27,125 --> 00:44:29,583
and they killed
about 14 people.

907
00:44:29,666 --> 00:44:31,583
[crowd yelling]

908
00:44:31,666 --> 00:44:37,583
♪♪♪

909
00:44:46,250 --> 00:44:48,333
[gunfire]

910
00:44:52,000 --> 00:44:55,958
speaking native language

911
00:45:00,250 --> 00:45:04,458
♪♪♪

912
00:45:04,541 --> 00:45:08,541
[crowd yelling]

913
00:45:08,625 --> 00:45:10,208
[Constable]
People in these crowds

914
00:45:10,291 --> 00:45:14,875
were shouting
angry anti-American slogans,

915
00:45:14,958 --> 00:45:16,458
and I went, "What?

916
00:45:16,541 --> 00:45:17,958
What has happened here?"

917
00:45:18,041 --> 00:45:22,250
♪♪♪

918
00:45:22,333 --> 00:45:24,750
That was the first time
I realized

919
00:45:24,833 --> 00:45:26,500
that there was
as much resentment

920
00:45:26,583 --> 00:45:28,416
against
the international presence

921
00:45:28,500 --> 00:45:30,750
as there was
gratitude or hope.

922
00:45:30,833 --> 00:45:36,000
♪♪♪

923
00:45:37,500 --> 00:45:39,583
[Barker] There was
this building resentment

924
00:45:39,666 --> 00:45:41,916
that Afghans had
against corruption

925
00:45:42,000 --> 00:45:44,500
and civilian casualties,

926
00:45:44,583 --> 00:45:48,083
and both of those could be
tied directly back to America.

927
00:45:48,166 --> 00:45:50,083
We were pouring in
so much money

928
00:45:50,166 --> 00:45:51,833
that corruption
was all but inevitable

929
00:45:51,916 --> 00:45:53,375
with no checks and balances,

930
00:45:53,458 --> 00:45:55,250
and then
with civilian casualties,

931
00:45:55,333 --> 00:45:57,333
let's just say any
civilian casualty in general,

932
00:45:57,416 --> 00:45:59,791
the Taliban
would immediately put out

933
00:45:59,875 --> 00:46:01,291
press releases locally
saying,

934
00:46:01,375 --> 00:46:04,000
"This is America
doing this to you."

935
00:46:05,833 --> 00:46:08,000
They'd make up things,
and it was very effective.

936
00:46:08,083 --> 00:46:09,666
[crowd yelling]

937
00:46:09,750 --> 00:46:13,625
[gunfire]

938
00:46:15,291 --> 00:46:17,291
[woman] Well, today's riots
showing just how fragile

939
00:46:17,375 --> 00:46:19,458
our relationship is
with Afghanistan,

940
00:46:19,541 --> 00:46:21,625
a key player
in the War on Terror.

941
00:46:21,708 --> 00:46:24,458
Now, is it just a small group
of troublemakers at work here,

942
00:46:24,541 --> 00:46:27,625
or are the Afghan people
simply ungrateful?

943
00:46:27,708 --> 00:46:30,500
♪♪♪

944
00:46:30,583 --> 00:46:33,375
[Constable] Afghans have
this streak of defiance

945
00:46:33,458 --> 00:46:36,833
against the world
because of history.

946
00:46:38,083 --> 00:46:39,833
There was the Russians
and the fact

947
00:46:39,916 --> 00:46:43,458
that the Americans had
abandoned Afghanistan before.

948
00:46:44,583 --> 00:46:48,333
There's always in the back
of the minds of Afghans

949
00:46:48,416 --> 00:46:50,750
that-that suspicion
of ulterior motives.

950
00:46:50,833 --> 00:46:54,375
♪♪♪

951
00:46:54,458 --> 00:46:58,041
[Saleh]
United States got distracted,

952
00:46:58,125 --> 00:46:59,625
and they wanted to show

953
00:46:59,708 --> 00:47:03,291
that Afghanistan was still
this good story working

954
00:47:03,375 --> 00:47:05,583
and it is rosy,

955
00:47:05,666 --> 00:47:07,500
and they were not...

956
00:47:07,583 --> 00:47:10,500
they were not listening
to us, you know?

957
00:47:10,583 --> 00:47:12,791
♪♪♪

958
00:47:12,875 --> 00:47:14,250
[Grenier]
I had great misgivings

959
00:47:14,333 --> 00:47:18,041
because I felt that the CIA

960
00:47:18,125 --> 00:47:19,541
needed to stay engaged

961
00:47:19,625 --> 00:47:22,041
with key political players
inside Afghanistan,

962
00:47:22,125 --> 00:47:24,916
but I could see very quickly

963
00:47:25,000 --> 00:47:28,375
that there was very little
appetite, uh, for doing that.

964
00:47:28,458 --> 00:47:31,166
It's not that we didn't know
Afghanistan

965
00:47:31,250 --> 00:47:32,625
was going badly after that.

966
00:47:32,708 --> 00:47:35,708
We did, but we couldn't
do anything about it,

967
00:47:35,791 --> 00:47:39,208
because by the time
Iraq started to go bad,

968
00:47:39,291 --> 00:47:40,416
Afghanistan
was also going bad,

969
00:47:40,500 --> 00:47:42,458
and we were caught in a war
in two fronts

970
00:47:42,541 --> 00:47:45,875
without the resources
to deal with both.

971
00:47:45,958 --> 00:47:51,125
♪♪♪

972
00:47:56,833 --> 00:47:59,041
[George W. Bush] America's
men and women in uniform

973
00:47:59,125 --> 00:48:02,375
took away al-Qaeda's safe haven
in Afghanistan,

974
00:48:02,458 --> 00:48:05,625
and we will not allow them
to reestablish it in Iraq.

975
00:48:05,708 --> 00:48:07,416
So I have committed
more than 20,000

976
00:48:07,500 --> 00:48:09,666
additional American troops
to Iraq.

977
00:48:09,750 --> 00:48:11,458
The agreement
lays out a framework

978
00:48:11,541 --> 00:48:13,250
for the withdrawal
of American forces in Iraq,

979
00:48:13,333 --> 00:48:16,125
a withdrawal that is possible

980
00:48:16,208 --> 00:48:18,250
because of the success
of the surge.

981
00:48:18,333 --> 00:48:20,625
[man]
yelling in foreign language

982
00:48:24,291 --> 00:48:27,250
[man] While Iraq has dominated
the headlines,

983
00:48:27,333 --> 00:48:28,875
the less-publicized fight
in Afghanistan

984
00:48:28,958 --> 00:48:31,500
has intensified.

985
00:48:32,291 --> 00:48:35,541
[Obama] My fellow citizens,
our nation is at war

986
00:48:35,625 --> 00:48:39,333
against a far-reaching network
of violence and hatred,

987
00:48:39,416 --> 00:48:41,791
and for those who seek
to advance their aims

988
00:48:41,875 --> 00:48:45,125
by inducing terror
and slaughtering innocents,

989
00:48:45,208 --> 00:48:48,375
you cannot outlast us,
and we will defeat you.

990
00:48:48,458 --> 00:48:49,708
[cheers and applause]

991
00:48:49,791 --> 00:48:51,041
For six years,
Afghanistan has been denied

992
00:48:51,125 --> 00:48:54,708
the resources that it demands
because of the war in Iraq.

993
00:48:54,791 --> 00:48:56,625
It is in our vital
national interest

994
00:48:56,708 --> 00:49:00,458
to send an additional 30,000
U.S. troops to Afghanistan.

995
00:49:00,541 --> 00:49:03,125
Well, I think
that in the last year,

996
00:49:03,208 --> 00:49:04,916
we've made a lot of progress.

997
00:49:05,000 --> 00:49:06,125
[Petraeus] Two thousand ten
will be a year

998
00:49:06,208 --> 00:49:07,625
that will see progress

999
00:49:07,708 --> 00:49:09,708
and a reversal
of Taliban momentum.

1000
00:49:09,791 --> 00:49:10,416
[woman] Well, the financial
and human cost

1001
00:49:10,500 --> 00:49:12,625
of the War in Afghanistan

1002
00:49:12,708 --> 00:49:15,333
has gone up every year
over the past five years,

1003
00:49:15,416 --> 00:49:16,666
more than 1,600 U.S. troops.

1004
00:49:16,750 --> 00:49:20,500
This past year in Afghanistan
was the deadliest yet

1005
00:49:20,625 --> 00:49:22,250
for American troops.

1006
00:49:22,333 --> 00:49:23,833
[Petraeus] Momentum achieved
by the Taliban in Afghanistan

1007
00:49:23,916 --> 00:49:29,166
since 2005 has been arrested
in much of the country.

1008
00:49:29,250 --> 00:49:30,666
I wish I could tell you
that this war was simple,

1009
00:49:30,750 --> 00:49:32,833
but that's not the way
of counterinsurgencies.

1010
00:49:32,916 --> 00:49:36,541
They are fraught with both
successes and setbacks,

1011
00:49:36,625 --> 00:49:38,708
which can exist
in the same space

1012
00:49:38,791 --> 00:49:39,625
and in the same time,

1013
00:49:39,708 --> 00:49:43,666
and I believe
the campaign is on track.

1014
00:49:43,750 --> 00:49:46,333
♪♪♪

1015
00:49:46,416 --> 00:49:48,833
[Coll] If you ask the
question, "Why are we here?"

1016
00:49:48,916 --> 00:49:51,833
as President Obama did when
he came into office in 2009,

1017
00:49:51,916 --> 00:49:54,041
"Why are we fighting
in Afghanistan?"

1018
00:49:54,125 --> 00:49:58,291
well, his best experts
gathered and advised him,

1019
00:49:58,375 --> 00:50:00,500
"Sir, we're here
because al-Qaeda

1020
00:50:00,583 --> 00:50:02,750
is still a threat
to the United States.

1021
00:50:02,833 --> 00:50:06,541
Bin Laden's still alive.
We got to finish the job."

1022
00:50:06,625 --> 00:50:08,708
[McRaven] Every year,
there was this sense

1023
00:50:08,791 --> 00:50:11,166
that if we did X, Y, and Z,

1024
00:50:11,250 --> 00:50:13,333
maybe we could finish up
the war.

1025
00:50:13,416 --> 00:50:16,375
[Obama] Tonight I can report
to the American people

1026
00:50:16,458 --> 00:50:18,750
and to the world
that the United States

1027
00:50:18,833 --> 00:50:22,708
has conducted an operation
that killed Osama bin Laden,

1028
00:50:22,791 --> 00:50:25,166
the leader of al-Qaeda.

1029
00:50:25,250 --> 00:50:26,208
[McRaven]
And this will go down

1030
00:50:26,291 --> 00:50:27,666
as one of the great missions

1031
00:50:27,750 --> 00:50:30,791
in the history
of the intelligence community.

1032
00:50:31,791 --> 00:50:34,208
As I was planning the mission,
you had to have surprise.

1033
00:50:34,291 --> 00:50:35,916
We had surprise.
You had to have speed.

1034
00:50:36,000 --> 00:50:37,250
We're coming in by helicopters.

1035
00:50:37,333 --> 00:50:38,583
And you had to have purpose,

1036
00:50:38,666 --> 00:50:41,458
and God knows these-these, uh,
SEALs and soldiers had purpose.

1037
00:50:41,541 --> 00:50:42,666
They were going after the most
wanted man in the world.

1038
00:50:45,500 --> 00:50:48,125
It was about
who we are as Americans.

1039
00:50:48,208 --> 00:50:50,375
This man and his people
had attacked New York

1040
00:50:50,458 --> 00:50:52,250
and Pennsylvania
and Washington, D.C.,

1041
00:50:52,333 --> 00:50:54,458
and we had an obligation

1042
00:50:54,541 --> 00:50:56,125
to spend as long as it took
to bring him to justice.

1043
00:50:56,208 --> 00:50:59,958
♪♪♪

1044
00:51:00,041 --> 00:51:01,291
[Coll]
We did get bin Laden.

1045
00:51:01,375 --> 00:51:03,833
Al-Qaeda is diminished.

1046
00:51:03,916 --> 00:51:05,333
It's scattered.
It's under pressure.

1047
00:51:05,416 --> 00:51:09,041
We have been killing people
with our drones

1048
00:51:09,125 --> 00:51:11,250
for a good while now,

1049
00:51:11,333 --> 00:51:13,583
so why are we still here?

1050
00:51:13,666 --> 00:51:17,791
♪♪♪

1051
00:51:20,208 --> 00:51:23,125
[engine whirring]

1052
00:51:23,208 --> 00:51:29,000
♪♪♪

1053
00:51:29,083 --> 00:51:31,833
As the war in Afghanistan
went on and on,

1054
00:51:31,916 --> 00:51:35,250
the CIA then got into
the secret air war business,

1055
00:51:35,333 --> 00:51:37,333
which is really what
the drone campaign was.

1056
00:51:37,416 --> 00:51:38,916
It was a secret air war

1057
00:51:39,000 --> 00:51:40,791
designed to do
what the United States

1058
00:51:40,875 --> 00:51:44,375
was not prepared to do
through conventional means.

1059
00:51:45,791 --> 00:51:46,750
The CIA was given
charge of that

1060
00:51:46,833 --> 00:51:48,791
because it wasn't
going to be declared.

1061
00:51:48,875 --> 00:51:51,916
It wasn't going to be run
by the Air Force

1062
00:51:52,000 --> 00:51:55,000
or by the special operations
groups at the Pentagon.

1063
00:51:55,083 --> 00:51:58,625
It was, uh, covert,
and so that added to the sense

1064
00:51:58,708 --> 00:52:01,708
that the CIA was--
became an agency at war.

1065
00:52:03,916 --> 00:52:05,416
[Bergen]
It's a new way of war.

1066
00:52:05,500 --> 00:52:06,666
The United States government
wouldn't even acknowledge

1067
00:52:06,750 --> 00:52:08,041
this was really happening,

1068
00:52:08,125 --> 00:52:09,083
and-and when they did
acknowledge it,

1069
00:52:09,166 --> 00:52:10,166
privately they would say,

1070
00:52:10,250 --> 00:52:10,833
"There's
no civilian casualties."

1071
00:52:10,916 --> 00:52:12,333
Well, that wasn't true.

1072
00:52:12,416 --> 00:52:13,416
[man]
In Afghanistan,

1073
00:52:13,500 --> 00:52:15,500
NATO is investing
a U.S. air strike on Thursday

1074
00:52:15,583 --> 00:52:17,000
that may have killed a child
in Helmand Province.

1075
00:52:17,083 --> 00:52:20,458
[Raddatz] Whatever the
benefit of the drone strikes,

1076
00:52:20,541 --> 00:52:22,666
they have created
enormous resentment

1077
00:52:22,750 --> 00:52:24,375
among some here in the region

1078
00:52:24,458 --> 00:52:28,833
who view the strikes as another
sign of American arrogance.

1079
00:52:28,916 --> 00:52:31,291
[Bergen] And you can see,
this is by administration,

1080
00:52:31,375 --> 00:52:32,166
so under George W. Bush,

1081
00:52:32,250 --> 00:52:33,916
there were
relatively limited strikes

1082
00:52:34,000 --> 00:52:34,833
except right at the end
of his second term.

1083
00:52:34,916 --> 00:52:37,666
Then under Obama,
it spikes up hugely.

1084
00:52:37,750 --> 00:52:38,916
So it was really
President Obama

1085
00:52:39,000 --> 00:52:41,916
who hammed it up
very dramatically.

1086
00:52:42,000 --> 00:52:44,875
You can see the estimated
total number of casualties

1087
00:52:44,958 --> 00:52:48,291
is up to almost as high
as 3,000

1088
00:52:48,375 --> 00:52:51,083
on the outer bounds.

1089
00:52:51,166 --> 00:52:52,041
Myself and my colleagues
at New America

1090
00:52:52,125 --> 00:52:54,250
have been doing this
for about a decade.

1091
00:52:54,333 --> 00:52:56,125
We felt that there was
some data out there,

1092
00:52:56,208 --> 00:52:57,708
print media stories that we
could assemble and sort of say,

1093
00:52:57,791 --> 00:52:59,458
"What's going on?
Who's being killed?

1094
00:52:59,541 --> 00:53:02,125
How many strikes are there?"

1095
00:53:02,208 --> 00:53:05,875
And so we-we began
to kind of collate all this.

1096
00:53:05,958 --> 00:53:09,041
[Martin] When it came
to the Predator,

1097
00:53:09,125 --> 00:53:12,750
we also had our forces
somewhere in the area.

1098
00:53:12,833 --> 00:53:13,875
So there would be a shot,

1099
00:53:13,958 --> 00:53:14,708
and then people
were gonna move in

1100
00:53:14,791 --> 00:53:18,041
to do the sensitive site
collection,

1101
00:53:18,125 --> 00:53:19,583
and then--
so, you know, it was very human

1102
00:53:19,666 --> 00:53:23,041
because you knew
who were down there.

1103
00:53:23,125 --> 00:53:25,875
[Bergen] Afghanistan, I think,
was the early laboratory

1104
00:53:25,958 --> 00:53:30,458
of what this more
paramilitary CIA became,

1105
00:53:30,541 --> 00:53:35,000
so a drone program that went
from surveillance drones

1106
00:53:35,083 --> 00:53:38,791
to actually killing people.

1107
00:53:38,875 --> 00:53:40,541
I would say, actually,
the principal reason the CIA

1108
00:53:40,625 --> 00:53:42,958
is in Afghanistan is,
in a way, the drone program,

1109
00:53:43,041 --> 00:53:47,791
because after 9/11, al-Qaeda
didn't remain in Afghanistan.

1110
00:53:47,875 --> 00:53:49,416
They fled into Pakistan, uh,

1111
00:53:49,500 --> 00:53:51,916
and the Taliban
regrouped there.

1112
00:53:52,000 --> 00:53:54,583
[Martin] If I'm trying
to deploy six or 12 men

1113
00:53:54,666 --> 00:53:56,000
trying to climb up a mountain

1114
00:53:56,083 --> 00:53:58,666
and get this guy
when I can do this easier

1115
00:53:58,750 --> 00:54:02,541
and save our men
and women's lives and--

1116
00:54:02,625 --> 00:54:06,750
I'll go--I'll take the Predator
any day, any day.

1117
00:54:06,833 --> 00:54:11,083
♪♪♪

1118
00:54:11,166 --> 00:54:12,833
[Constable] In the early years
and really even through,

1119
00:54:12,916 --> 00:54:15,583
I would say,
for the first ten years,

1120
00:54:15,666 --> 00:54:18,041
you could travel anywhere.

1121
00:54:18,125 --> 00:54:20,625
The capital was lively.
The capital felt free.

1122
00:54:20,708 --> 00:54:23,458
Girls were going to school.

1123
00:54:23,541 --> 00:54:26,000
Girls were going to college.

1124
00:54:26,083 --> 00:54:28,791
It certainly felt like a place
that was churning with change.

1125
00:54:28,875 --> 00:54:31,458
♪♪♪

1126
00:54:31,541 --> 00:54:34,208
[Musazai] My father told me
about American University,

1127
00:54:34,291 --> 00:54:39,291
and he said, "It's the best
university in Afghanistan."

1128
00:54:40,708 --> 00:54:45,541
He always wanted me
to-to get education...

1129
00:54:46,708 --> 00:54:49,958
...so I joined the university.

1130
00:54:51,958 --> 00:54:53,291
[Sedney]
The vision for people here

1131
00:54:53,375 --> 00:54:56,500
is not a sixth-century
fundamentalist Islamic state.

1132
00:54:56,583 --> 00:54:59,833
It's a 21st-century
advanced country,

1133
00:54:59,916 --> 00:55:00,375
and they want to get there.

1134
00:55:00,458 --> 00:55:02,666
♪♪♪

1135
00:55:02,750 --> 00:55:05,250
We can play a role in that,

1136
00:55:05,333 --> 00:55:08,166
in helping them
achieve their dreams.

1137
00:55:08,250 --> 00:55:10,250
My father never want me
to come to this university

1138
00:55:10,333 --> 00:55:14,750
because of the risks involved
with the name "American" on it,

1139
00:55:14,833 --> 00:55:16,166
and seeing the situation,

1140
00:55:16,250 --> 00:55:20,500
how badly the war is going on
in Afghanistan,

1141
00:55:20,583 --> 00:55:22,750
he never wanted me
to come here.

1142
00:55:24,000 --> 00:55:27,833
But I told him
I have goals in my life,

1143
00:55:27,916 --> 00:55:32,291
and I've already did good
in my high school,

1144
00:55:32,375 --> 00:55:33,958
and I had passion
to get an education.

1145
00:55:36,625 --> 00:55:39,833
[Musazai] I was not worried
about security.

1146
00:55:40,708 --> 00:55:44,333
I had heard
about explosions on news,

1147
00:55:44,416 --> 00:55:48,916
but I had not experienced
something like that.

1148
00:55:49,791 --> 00:55:51,916
[Constable] As the Taliban
insurgency became stronger,

1149
00:55:52,000 --> 00:55:55,166
there was this growing
pattern of attacks

1150
00:55:55,250 --> 00:55:56,583
that began to make
everybody realize

1151
00:55:56,666 --> 00:55:58,125
that the Taliban
really were back

1152
00:55:58,208 --> 00:56:00,958
and really were causing trouble
and really were starting

1153
00:56:01,041 --> 00:56:05,666
to put the brakes
on progress of different kinds.

1154
00:56:06,791 --> 00:56:09,041
Many evenings,
I would go to my favorite bar,

1155
00:56:09,125 --> 00:56:12,208
this Lebanese café,
and I used to go there

1156
00:56:12,291 --> 00:56:15,375
probably at least once a week
for many, many years.

1157
00:56:16,375 --> 00:56:18,916
When you live
and work in a war zone,

1158
00:56:19,000 --> 00:56:20,541
you need a place like that.

1159
00:56:20,625 --> 00:56:21,416
You need someplace you can go

1160
00:56:21,500 --> 00:56:23,625
and really feel yourself,
be yourself,

1161
00:56:23,708 --> 00:56:27,875
and that's pretty much
the only place I felt that way.

1162
00:56:29,458 --> 00:56:32,083
And then the Taliban
attacked that café,

1163
00:56:32,166 --> 00:56:37,416
shot dead everyone in it,
including the owner.

1164
00:56:37,500 --> 00:56:38,916
[woman] The scenes
of this restaurant

1165
00:56:39,000 --> 00:56:40,375
are really quite incredible--

1166
00:56:40,458 --> 00:56:42,416
people crouched
on top of one-one-one another,

1167
00:56:42,500 --> 00:56:44,916
underneath tables,

1168
00:56:45,000 --> 00:56:46,750
gunned down inside there.

1169
00:56:46,833 --> 00:56:48,833
So that seems to have been
what has happened.

1170
00:56:48,916 --> 00:56:51,375
Anybody who was injured
seems to have been likely

1171
00:56:51,458 --> 00:56:53,333
to have been outside
the restaurant,

1172
00:56:53,416 --> 00:56:55,583
potentially in cars
waiting outside

1173
00:56:55,666 --> 00:56:57,583
or about to enter
the restaurant.

1174
00:56:57,666 --> 00:57:00,208
Anybody inside seems unlikely
to have been able

1175
00:57:00,291 --> 00:57:03,375
to escape easily
from the gunmen.

1176
00:57:03,458 --> 00:57:06,625
That's the moment
I sort of thought,

1177
00:57:06,708 --> 00:57:10,000
"What's left here, you know?
Why are we even here?"

1178
00:57:10,083 --> 00:57:14,125
I remember feeling it.
I remember thinking that.

1179
00:57:14,208 --> 00:57:19,041
♪♪♪

1180
00:57:22,250 --> 00:57:25,208
[Maddox] When I had
a temporary assignment

1181
00:57:25,291 --> 00:57:26,750
in Afghanistan,

1182
00:57:26,833 --> 00:57:30,458
I could electrically feel
the dangers around me.

1183
00:57:30,541 --> 00:57:32,291
There we go.

1184
00:57:32,375 --> 00:57:34,791
I've definitely known
people that have died.

1185
00:57:34,875 --> 00:57:36,416
- You want milk?
- No.

1186
00:57:36,500 --> 00:57:38,125
[Maddox, voice breaking]
The night before I left,

1187
00:57:38,208 --> 00:57:39,166
I was sitting
with my younger daughter,

1188
00:57:39,250 --> 00:57:44,958
and she gave me this bracelet
that she made,

1189
00:57:45,041 --> 00:57:47,541
and I promised her
I'd wear it every day

1190
00:57:47,625 --> 00:57:49,875
and every night
that I was away, and I did.

1191
00:57:49,958 --> 00:57:53,375
[sighs]
I never took it off.

1192
00:57:53,458 --> 00:57:57,916
And when I would leave the wire
or go to the less safe

1193
00:57:58,000 --> 00:58:01,291
or secure
and fortified areas...

1194
00:58:01,375 --> 00:58:03,458
I looked down at that bracelet,

1195
00:58:03,541 --> 00:58:06,958
and I would definitely question
what I was doing.

1196
00:58:07,916 --> 00:58:09,291
"Am I a responsible mom?

1197
00:58:12,125 --> 00:58:14,666
Does my work here
really make a difference

1198
00:58:14,791 --> 00:58:17,208
in this seemingly endless war?"

1199
00:58:18,583 --> 00:58:24,500
♪♪♪

1200
00:58:27,291 --> 00:58:31,333
I managed analytic teams
that covered Afghan politics

1201
00:58:31,458 --> 00:58:33,583
and Afghan economics.

1202
00:58:33,625 --> 00:58:38,583
At that time, there was
a U.S.-military narrative

1203
00:58:38,666 --> 00:58:40,625
that things were getting better
in the country

1204
00:58:40,708 --> 00:58:42,916
and that the Taliban
was failing,

1205
00:58:43,000 --> 00:58:46,458
and that was leading to
the discussions of drawdown.

1206
00:58:46,583 --> 00:58:47,333
[Obama]
Two thousand fourteen,

1207
00:58:47,416 --> 00:58:50,041
we have agreed
that this is the year

1208
00:58:50,125 --> 00:58:53,875
we will conclude our
combat mission in Afghanistan.

1209
00:58:55,666 --> 00:58:57,833
But things on the ground
were evolving

1210
00:58:57,916 --> 00:59:00,833
and telling a little bit
of a different story.

1211
00:59:00,916 --> 00:59:03,583
The 2015 takeover of Kunduz,

1212
00:59:03,666 --> 00:59:06,083
that's the first
provincial capital

1213
00:59:06,166 --> 00:59:08,750
the Taliban had taken
since before 2001.

1214
00:59:08,833 --> 00:59:11,208
It was a big deal.

1215
00:59:11,291 --> 00:59:12,250
[mortar fires]

1216
00:59:12,333 --> 00:59:12,875
[man]
The battle for Kunduz

1217
00:59:12,958 --> 00:59:15,291
started before dawn,

1218
00:59:15,375 --> 00:59:18,083
as Afghan government troops
tried in vain

1219
00:59:18,166 --> 00:59:20,875
to hold back the advance
of the Taliban.

1220
00:59:20,958 --> 00:59:22,916
After the West's
trillion-dollar war

1221
00:59:23,000 --> 00:59:24,625
against the Taliban,

1222
00:59:24,708 --> 00:59:27,375
its fighters still pose
a potent threat.

1223
00:59:27,458 --> 00:59:31,375
[Maddox] They took over
the city for about two weeks.

1224
00:59:31,458 --> 00:59:33,041
They released
a lot of prisoners--

1225
00:59:33,125 --> 00:59:35,041
a lot of them
were Taliban fighters--

1226
00:59:35,125 --> 00:59:36,708
and displaced
tens of thousands of people

1227
00:59:36,791 --> 00:59:40,041
in the process.

1228
00:59:40,125 --> 00:59:42,958
It was a total propaganda win
for them.

1229
00:59:43,041 --> 00:59:44,708
[translator] God willing,
this is our hope,

1230
00:59:44,791 --> 00:59:46,375
to build a religious school,

1231
00:59:46,458 --> 00:59:50,000
to build a bridge, a road,
a sharia-based government.

1232
00:59:50,083 --> 00:59:51,333
This is why we came out,

1233
00:59:51,416 --> 00:59:53,000
and this is what
we fought for--

1234
00:59:53,083 --> 00:59:55,833
so that sharia law
is enforced here.

1235
00:59:55,916 --> 00:59:57,916
Just holding the city--
that's all they needed to do

1236
00:59:58,000 --> 01:00:00,291
was just take it and hold it,
show of force

1237
01:00:00,375 --> 01:00:02,916
to show their fighters
and the world

1238
01:00:03,000 --> 01:00:05,333
that they were there
and still capable--

1239
01:00:05,416 --> 01:00:06,791
was quite significant.

1240
01:00:06,875 --> 01:00:09,416
♪♪♪

1241
01:00:09,500 --> 01:00:13,583
[Gossman] What happened in
Kunduz caught people off guard

1242
01:00:13,666 --> 01:00:15,291
when the Taliban
actually managed

1243
01:00:15,375 --> 01:00:17,125
to gain control of the city,

1244
01:00:17,208 --> 01:00:19,541
and I think what happened then
was a kind of panic.

1245
01:00:19,625 --> 01:00:23,708
The psychological blow
and the PR repercussions

1246
01:00:23,791 --> 01:00:26,541
of having lost
a very important northern city

1247
01:00:26,625 --> 01:00:28,166
were enormous,

1248
01:00:28,250 --> 01:00:29,666
and so then there was a kind of

1249
01:00:29,750 --> 01:00:33,291
real scrambling
to-to regain control,

1250
01:00:33,375 --> 01:00:38,166
and the American military
made a really horrific error.

1251
01:00:38,250 --> 01:00:39,708
[man]
Breaking news overnight--

1252
01:00:39,791 --> 01:00:43,166
U.S. warplanes may have
killed nine local staffers

1253
01:00:43,250 --> 01:00:46,500
at a medical clinic
run by Doctors Without Borders.

1254
01:00:46,583 --> 01:00:48,458
The attack was in
the provincial city of Kunduz.

1255
01:00:48,541 --> 01:00:52,916
The U.S. apparently was trying
to dislodge Taliban insurgents

1256
01:00:53,000 --> 01:00:54,750
who had seized the city
on Monday.

1257
01:00:54,833 --> 01:00:58,875
[Gossman] An American gunship
targeted the hospital

1258
01:00:58,958 --> 01:01:02,583
and circled it
and hit it repeatedly.

1259
01:01:03,708 --> 01:01:07,291
What's concerning, maybe,
about how it unfolded

1260
01:01:07,375 --> 01:01:10,958
was that the Afghan forces
operating there

1261
01:01:11,041 --> 01:01:14,333
had raided the hospital
some point previously,

1262
01:01:14,416 --> 01:01:16,833
looking for wounded Taliban,

1263
01:01:16,916 --> 01:01:19,625
and were apparently
quite unhappy with the fact

1264
01:01:19,708 --> 01:01:23,708
that MSF treated wounded
Taliban in the facility,

1265
01:01:23,791 --> 01:01:27,166
whereas MSF,
like any medical-care provider,

1266
01:01:27,250 --> 01:01:28,750
say that they treat anyone,

1267
01:01:28,833 --> 01:01:31,791
regardless
of political affiliation.

1268
01:01:31,875 --> 01:01:33,083
[man]
Our staff have reported

1269
01:01:33,166 --> 01:01:35,333
that there were
no armed combatants

1270
01:01:35,416 --> 01:01:38,041
or active fighting in

1271
01:01:38,125 --> 01:01:41,500
or from the compound
prior to the air strike.

1272
01:01:41,583 --> 01:01:43,166
[translator]
Doctors were about to take me

1273
01:01:43,250 --> 01:01:45,833
to an operating theater
when the bomb hit.

1274
01:01:45,916 --> 01:01:47,208
There were flames
all around me.

1275
01:01:47,291 --> 01:01:51,125
I saw patients and doctors
burn to death.

1276
01:01:51,208 --> 01:01:56,083
♪♪♪

1277
01:01:56,166 --> 01:01:57,916
[Gossman]
Forty-three people died,

1278
01:01:58,000 --> 01:02:02,541
quite a number of them
staff and patients...

1279
01:02:02,625 --> 01:02:05,166
including patients on the
operating table at the time,

1280
01:02:05,250 --> 01:02:06,041
including children.

1281
01:02:06,125 --> 01:02:08,500
I mean, it was just horrific.

1282
01:02:08,583 --> 01:02:10,875
♪♪♪

1283
01:02:10,958 --> 01:02:12,333
And some of these forces
that have carried out

1284
01:02:12,416 --> 01:02:13,791
these raids
on medical facilities

1285
01:02:13,875 --> 01:02:16,083
are the ones we identified
as being backed by,

1286
01:02:16,166 --> 01:02:20,750
trained, recruited
by the American CIA.

1287
01:02:20,833 --> 01:02:23,250
♪♪♪

1288
01:02:23,333 --> 01:02:27,125
That hospital bombing
after the siege of Kunduz

1289
01:02:27,208 --> 01:02:29,875
was pretty devastating.

1290
01:02:29,958 --> 01:02:32,875
A lot of innocent civilians
were killed,

1291
01:02:32,958 --> 01:02:35,875
and war is war,
and you can always say that,

1292
01:02:35,958 --> 01:02:38,083
but when innocent lives
are lost,

1293
01:02:38,166 --> 01:02:41,000
it really does make it
difficult to continue the work.

1294
01:02:43,291 --> 01:02:45,625
I saw a lot
of horrific images,

1295
01:02:45,708 --> 01:02:47,583
and it's hard
to deal with that

1296
01:02:47,666 --> 01:02:49,250
and learn how to process that,

1297
01:02:49,333 --> 01:02:55,000
but I learned
and found a way to...

1298
01:02:55,083 --> 01:02:57,416
store those images

1299
01:02:57,500 --> 01:03:00,541
and those experiences in my
heart without it destroying me.

1300
01:03:04,041 --> 01:03:07,166
You wake up in the morning,
and you brush it off,

1301
01:03:07,250 --> 01:03:12,166
and there's always an emergency
and something pressing

1302
01:03:12,250 --> 01:03:13,708
that's happening,
and you don't have time

1303
01:03:13,791 --> 01:03:15,291
to necessarily process
during the day,

1304
01:03:15,375 --> 01:03:19,791
so you just...you just go
150 miles per hour.

1305
01:03:19,875 --> 01:03:22,750
You go until you crash again.

1306
01:03:29,458 --> 01:03:31,958
[Sedney]
It was seven o'clock at night

1307
01:03:32,041 --> 01:03:33,333
when the most number
of students and faculty

1308
01:03:33,416 --> 01:03:36,375
and staff were here,
and it was just

1309
01:03:36,458 --> 01:03:39,916
when people were going
to their last class of the day.

1310
01:03:40,000 --> 01:03:43,458
The attackers loose off
a couple of volleys.

1311
01:03:43,541 --> 01:03:45,958
One of them goes this way

1312
01:03:46,041 --> 01:03:48,416
and heads
towards our escape route.

1313
01:03:48,500 --> 01:03:51,583
Another one goes in here
to our main classroom building.

1314
01:03:51,666 --> 01:03:54,000
At that time,
this-these doors were open.

1315
01:03:54,083 --> 01:03:56,416
We didn't have the-the heavy
doors we have on them now.

1316
01:03:57,833 --> 01:04:01,541
It was, uh,
the month of August

1317
01:04:01,625 --> 01:04:03,458
in 2016,

1318
01:04:03,541 --> 01:04:06,041
and I was expecting

1319
01:04:06,125 --> 01:04:08,833
that it's my last semester.

1320
01:04:10,083 --> 01:04:11,666
I was done with my classes,

1321
01:04:11,750 --> 01:04:13,458
and I went to offer
the evening prayer,

1322
01:04:13,541 --> 01:04:18,166
and we were about
to leave the mosque.

1323
01:04:18,250 --> 01:04:21,541
I heard some people shouting.

1324
01:04:21,625 --> 01:04:23,166
My friend immediately
closed the door,

1325
01:04:23,250 --> 01:04:25,416
and she said--
she-she calls me Bresh--

1326
01:04:25,500 --> 01:04:28,833
and she said, "Bresh,
why is there gunshots?"

1327
01:04:28,916 --> 01:04:30,708
As she said that...

1328
01:04:30,791 --> 01:04:34,166
♪♪♪

1329
01:04:34,250 --> 01:04:37,000
...the explosion happened,

1330
01:04:37,083 --> 01:04:40,000
and everything went dark.

1331
01:04:40,083 --> 01:04:40,833
[Qasemi]
I saw myself on the ground

1332
01:04:40,916 --> 01:04:43,000
after a couple
of minutes there,

1333
01:04:43,083 --> 01:04:45,750
and I realized
that there was a huge,

1334
01:04:45,833 --> 01:04:47,625
um, hole
in the back of my head.

1335
01:04:50,291 --> 01:04:53,791
American University campus
in Kabul, Afghanistan,

1336
01:04:53,875 --> 01:04:55,333
is under attack as we speak.

1337
01:04:55,416 --> 01:04:58,375
At least one university guard
is now dead.

1338
01:04:58,458 --> 01:05:01,208
Officials say that dozens
of students and staff

1339
01:05:01,291 --> 01:05:05,000
are still trapped inside,
their fate unknown.

1340
01:05:05,083 --> 01:05:07,416
[Musazai] Everybody was crying
and screaming.

1341
01:05:07,500 --> 01:05:12,250
The terrorists said,
"Don't scream," you know?

1342
01:05:12,333 --> 01:05:15,708
And then they started shooting.

1343
01:05:15,791 --> 01:05:17,875
♪♪♪

1344
01:05:17,958 --> 01:05:22,250
I felt that somebody's
standing behind me,

1345
01:05:22,333 --> 01:05:25,583
and when I looked at him,
he shot me,

1346
01:05:25,666 --> 01:05:28,416
and I pretended to be dead

1347
01:05:28,500 --> 01:05:32,666
because I thought this is
the only way to...

1348
01:05:32,750 --> 01:05:34,375
to save myself.

1349
01:05:34,458 --> 01:05:38,541
♪♪♪

1350
01:05:44,208 --> 01:05:46,458
[Qasemi]
I was bleeding so badly.

1351
01:05:46,541 --> 01:05:48,375
I was trying to remember
what's happening

1352
01:05:48,458 --> 01:05:50,291
at the university,

1353
01:05:50,375 --> 01:05:53,666
and I remember
what my father told me.

1354
01:05:53,750 --> 01:05:56,041
He said I can't come here,

1355
01:05:56,125 --> 01:06:00,750
and I regretted, um, to have
not accepted what he told me.

1356
01:06:00,833 --> 01:06:04,875
♪♪♪

1357
01:06:04,958 --> 01:06:09,750
I thought, um,
"It's a-it's a dream."

1358
01:06:09,833 --> 01:06:11,125
I wanted to wake up,

1359
01:06:11,208 --> 01:06:12,083
but then I realized
it's not a dream.

1360
01:06:12,166 --> 01:06:14,916
It's reality.

1361
01:06:15,000 --> 01:06:16,958
[indistinct chatter]

1362
01:06:17,041 --> 01:06:21,500
♪♪♪

1363
01:06:21,583 --> 01:06:24,458
This university has educated
more than 100

1364
01:06:24,541 --> 01:06:27,750
top government officials,
young people.

1365
01:06:27,833 --> 01:06:29,541
Afghanistan
is a very young country,

1366
01:06:29,625 --> 01:06:31,958
where 75 percent
of its population

1367
01:06:32,041 --> 01:06:35,000
is below the age of 25,

1368
01:06:35,083 --> 01:06:38,291
so the attack against
the American University

1369
01:06:38,375 --> 01:06:39,833
is an attack
against Afghanistan's future.

1370
01:06:39,916 --> 01:06:45,875
♪♪♪

1371
01:06:46,916 --> 01:06:50,333
We're numb to so many things
in Afghanistan.

1372
01:06:50,416 --> 01:06:53,750
I mean, someone
described PTSD to me,

1373
01:06:53,833 --> 01:06:57,166
and I think
that as Afghans-as Afghans,

1374
01:06:57,250 --> 01:06:57,875
we collectively suffer from it.

1375
01:06:57,958 --> 01:07:03,875
♪♪♪

1376
01:07:03,958 --> 01:07:05,000
[siren wailing]

1377
01:07:05,083 --> 01:07:08,791
[man] Unsafe now are
Afghanistan's journalists.

1378
01:07:08,875 --> 01:07:13,708
A bus carrying TOLO TV
employees was the target.

1379
01:07:16,416 --> 01:07:20,166
[Mohseni] We have lost
13 colleagues in three years,

1380
01:07:20,250 --> 01:07:21,500
and they were kids
that we employed,

1381
01:07:21,583 --> 01:07:25,083
and they were members
of our family.

1382
01:07:25,166 --> 01:07:26,583
♪♪♪

1383
01:07:26,666 --> 01:07:30,125
It's not just a question
of these young kids

1384
01:07:30,208 --> 01:07:31,375
leaving us far too early.

1385
01:07:31,458 --> 01:07:33,416
It's also their families.

1386
01:07:33,500 --> 01:07:35,708
Sometimes they were
the breadwinners

1387
01:07:35,791 --> 01:07:37,500
of an entire clan.

1388
01:07:37,583 --> 01:07:39,375
♪♪♪

1389
01:07:39,458 --> 01:07:43,541
It brings home how serious,

1390
01:07:43,625 --> 01:07:45,708
you know, what we do is and...

1391
01:07:45,791 --> 01:07:47,583
and how dangerous it is,
and, you know,

1392
01:07:47,666 --> 01:07:51,666
we've created this culture
of telling the truth,

1393
01:07:51,750 --> 01:07:53,666
of pushing boundaries,

1394
01:07:53,750 --> 01:07:55,375
so there's an element of guilt

1395
01:07:55,458 --> 01:07:58,208
that we have exposed
these people.

1396
01:07:58,291 --> 01:07:59,291
[man] The Taliban
said it meant

1397
01:07:59,375 --> 01:08:00,875
to target the journalists,

1398
01:08:00,958 --> 01:08:04,250
that the channel had accused
their fighters of raping women

1399
01:08:04,333 --> 01:08:07,666
when they briefly seized
the city of Kunduz last year.

1400
01:08:09,333 --> 01:08:11,916
You think it through, and then
you think, you seriously think,

1401
01:08:12,000 --> 01:08:14,791
"Do we need to do this?
Is it that important?

1402
01:08:14,875 --> 01:08:16,207
If we can save a life,

1403
01:08:16,291 --> 01:08:18,750
is it worth having
a news outlet?"

1404
01:08:18,833 --> 01:08:21,082
♪♪♪

1405
01:08:21,166 --> 01:08:22,582
For the Taliban,

1406
01:08:22,667 --> 01:08:25,917
their ideology
is so important for them,

1407
01:08:26,000 --> 01:08:28,332
and the values that we push,

1408
01:08:28,417 --> 01:08:29,833
whether it's women's rights
and so forth,

1409
01:08:29,917 --> 01:08:32,500
goes very much against
what they believe in.

1410
01:08:33,417 --> 01:08:35,542
But also, I think that we
represent the new Afghanistan

1411
01:08:35,625 --> 01:08:39,417
because the country
has moved on,

1412
01:08:39,500 --> 01:08:42,667
and for them,
it's difficult to accept that.

1413
01:08:51,917 --> 01:08:56,958
[Semple] I take some hope
from the fact that now Afghans

1414
01:08:57,041 --> 01:08:59,125
on both sides of the conflict,

1415
01:08:59,207 --> 01:09:00,792
they're incredibly tired
of this war.

1416
01:09:00,875 --> 01:09:03,875
They're not baying for blood.
They want to see an end to it.

1417
01:09:03,958 --> 01:09:06,207
With people I trust
amongst the Taliban,

1418
01:09:06,291 --> 01:09:08,625
we're involved in a collective
effort to make sense

1419
01:09:08,708 --> 01:09:09,958
about what's going on
inside their own movement,

1420
01:09:10,041 --> 01:09:13,917
about what's going on in Kabul
and amongst the-the--

1421
01:09:14,000 --> 01:09:15,082
you know,
the non-Taliban Afghans,

1422
01:09:15,166 --> 01:09:19,166
and making sense of what
the United States is doing.

1423
01:09:19,250 --> 01:09:22,207
speaking native language

1424
01:09:23,667 --> 01:09:26,457
United States
had a very difficult time,

1425
01:09:26,542 --> 01:09:30,332
almost from the beginning
of the Afghan War,

1426
01:09:30,417 --> 01:09:31,582
deciding whether the Taliban

1427
01:09:31,667 --> 01:09:34,917
was an enemy
of the United States.

1428
01:09:35,000 --> 01:09:37,250
Are they a threat
to the United States?

1429
01:09:37,332 --> 01:09:40,291
Well, they're a threat
to our ally in Afghanistan,

1430
01:09:40,375 --> 01:09:45,207
but no Taliban, uh,
has declared an intention

1431
01:09:45,291 --> 01:09:46,833
to strike the United States,

1432
01:09:46,917 --> 01:09:49,625
certainly not
in an official way.

1433
01:09:49,708 --> 01:09:51,457
In fact,
they say the opposite--

1434
01:09:51,542 --> 01:09:52,332
"We're only fighting you

1435
01:09:52,417 --> 01:09:53,958
because you're here
in our country.

1436
01:09:54,041 --> 01:09:56,125
If you get out of our country,
we'll leave you alone."

1437
01:09:56,207 --> 01:09:57,917
[Schroen]
Right now the Taliban,

1438
01:09:58,000 --> 01:10:01,166
they don't like ISIS
any more than we do,

1439
01:10:01,250 --> 01:10:03,708
so there's a war
going on there

1440
01:10:03,792 --> 01:10:06,332
while the Taliban still
blow up people in-in Kabul

1441
01:10:06,417 --> 01:10:08,500
and around the country.

1442
01:10:08,582 --> 01:10:09,750
[Martin]
I do think, at this point,

1443
01:10:09,833 --> 01:10:13,625
the Taliban may have learned
their lesson

1444
01:10:13,708 --> 01:10:16,542
about harboring al-Qaeda.

1445
01:10:16,625 --> 01:10:18,041
Now, why they're
after Americans now?

1446
01:10:18,125 --> 01:10:19,207
Because they're in Afghanistan.

1447
01:10:19,291 --> 01:10:20,542
We're there.

1448
01:10:20,625 --> 01:10:24,708
And for the Taliban and for-
for Afghanistan in general,

1449
01:10:24,792 --> 01:10:28,582
the way to communicate is,
you hurt them till they leave.

1450
01:10:28,667 --> 01:10:32,375
They did it to the Russians,
you know,

1451
01:10:32,457 --> 01:10:34,958
and-and they're doing it to us.

1452
01:10:35,041 --> 01:10:36,833
[man] An American soldier
is dead tonight

1453
01:10:36,917 --> 01:10:38,417
after a Taliban car bomb
exploded

1454
01:10:38,500 --> 01:10:40,207
in Kabul, Afghanistan.

1455
01:10:40,291 --> 01:10:43,417
Ten civilians and
a military soldier from Romania

1456
01:10:43,500 --> 01:10:44,875
also killed in that attack,

1457
01:10:44,958 --> 01:10:47,875
which comes as the U.S.
tries to finalize a peace deal.

1458
01:10:48,625 --> 01:10:50,375
[Waldman]
I'm really interested

1459
01:10:50,457 --> 01:10:51,750
in that whole incident,

1460
01:10:51,833 --> 01:10:55,082
partly because there was
a video someone took

1461
01:10:55,166 --> 01:10:56,250
right when it happened,

1462
01:10:56,332 --> 01:10:59,667
and there's an Afghan man who--

1463
01:10:59,750 --> 01:11:00,708
I think he sees
the truck or van

1464
01:11:00,792 --> 01:11:03,582
kind of coming on
to the sidewalk,

1465
01:11:03,667 --> 01:11:06,750
and you can see he knows,
and he starts to run,

1466
01:11:06,833 --> 01:11:11,332
and then he dies
when it blows up.

1467
01:11:11,417 --> 01:11:14,833
That video went really viral,
and it was such a sad story

1468
01:11:14,917 --> 01:11:18,291
'cause it was--
I think he was a shopkeeper,

1469
01:11:18,375 --> 01:11:20,582
and he usually sent
his assistant to do something

1470
01:11:20,667 --> 01:11:21,417
but decided that day
to give his assistant a break

1471
01:11:21,500 --> 01:11:22,582
and he would go do it.

1472
01:11:22,667 --> 01:11:24,708
I can't remember
the exact story,

1473
01:11:24,792 --> 01:11:28,375
but something about that moment

1474
01:11:28,457 --> 01:11:32,833
and people seeing him
kind of know what's coming

1475
01:11:32,917 --> 01:11:34,082
and try to escape,

1476
01:11:34,166 --> 01:11:37,291
I think every Afghan
saw themselves in that,

1477
01:11:37,375 --> 01:11:39,625
and that's why people
just kept watching it

1478
01:11:39,708 --> 01:11:40,958
over and over and over,

1479
01:11:41,041 --> 01:11:43,625
but that is what life
has become, you know?

1480
01:11:43,708 --> 01:11:44,833
You're just waiting

1481
01:11:44,917 --> 01:11:48,291
or hoping you can outrun
whatever's coming.

1482
01:11:48,375 --> 01:11:52,958
♪♪♪

1483
01:11:53,041 --> 01:11:54,582
[Trump] We're like policemen.
We're not fighting a war.

1484
01:11:54,667 --> 01:11:57,250
If we wanted to fight a war
in Afghanistan and win it,

1485
01:11:57,332 --> 01:12:00,207
I could win that war in a week.

1486
01:12:00,291 --> 01:12:02,500
I just don't want to kill
ten million people.

1487
01:12:02,582 --> 01:12:03,833
Does that make sense to you?

1488
01:12:03,917 --> 01:12:05,457
I don't want to kill
ten million people.

1489
01:12:05,542 --> 01:12:07,625
I have plans on Afghanistan

1490
01:12:07,708 --> 01:12:11,082
that if I wanted
to win that war,

1491
01:12:11,166 --> 01:12:14,082
Afghanistan would be wiped
off the face of the Earth.

1492
01:12:14,166 --> 01:12:15,375
It would be gone.

1493
01:12:15,457 --> 01:12:18,166
It would be over in--
literally in ten days,

1494
01:12:18,250 --> 01:12:21,958
and I don't want to do--
I don't want to go that route.

1495
01:12:22,041 --> 01:12:25,375
United States
does not owe us anything.

1496
01:12:25,457 --> 01:12:29,833
They can pull out
any second they wish,

1497
01:12:29,917 --> 01:12:32,542
but what will be
the interpretation

1498
01:12:32,667 --> 01:12:35,207
of this pullout?

1499
01:12:35,332 --> 01:12:38,082
There will be,
whether you like it or not,

1500
01:12:38,207 --> 01:12:39,792
a domino effect.

1501
01:12:41,082 --> 01:12:44,375
This will be celebration
for terrorists.

1502
01:12:44,500 --> 01:12:48,708
The mightiest power
in the globe running away,

1503
01:12:48,792 --> 01:12:51,041
leaving the scene to who?

1504
01:12:51,166 --> 01:12:53,207
I'm not saying they must stay.

1505
01:12:53,250 --> 01:12:56,082
I mean, they-they can leave
any moment they wish.

1506
01:12:56,207 --> 01:12:58,833
[Maddox] Seeing what
we've seen in Afghanistan

1507
01:12:58,875 --> 01:13:02,375
and our involvement in it,
being our longest-running war,

1508
01:13:02,500 --> 01:13:04,625
the theory is kind of
panning out.

1509
01:13:06,708 --> 01:13:10,625
I don't see
how this war can be won.

1510
01:13:11,958 --> 01:13:15,417
A bombshell series
of investigative reports

1511
01:13:15,500 --> 01:13:16,750
in The Washington Post

1512
01:13:16,833 --> 01:13:17,958
exposing heartbreaking truths

1513
01:13:18,041 --> 01:13:20,792
about the U.S. war
in Afghanistan,

1514
01:13:20,833 --> 01:13:23,082
which has claimed
some 2,400 U.S. lives

1515
01:13:23,166 --> 01:13:26,708
and cost nearly
a trillion dollars.

1516
01:13:26,792 --> 01:13:28,041
[Whitlock]
The first thing we did,

1517
01:13:28,125 --> 01:13:29,582
the first story
was just to show

1518
01:13:29,667 --> 01:13:31,166
that disconnect between what
they were saying in public

1519
01:13:31,250 --> 01:13:32,417
and what they were
saying privately,

1520
01:13:32,500 --> 01:13:33,250
but then,
as you pointed out,

1521
01:13:33,332 --> 01:13:35,291
we-we focus
on certain themes,

1522
01:13:35,375 --> 01:13:36,833
certain core failings
of the war.

1523
01:13:36,917 --> 01:13:40,792
That's the gist
of-of the series.

1524
01:13:40,833 --> 01:13:42,166
A new report claims
that the American people

1525
01:13:42,250 --> 01:13:44,958
were misled
about the War in Afghanistan.

1526
01:13:45,041 --> 01:13:47,833
A Washington Post  investigation
looked at nearly 2,000 pages

1527
01:13:47,917 --> 01:13:49,792
of internal
government documents

1528
01:13:49,833 --> 01:13:51,291
and found that senior
U.S. officials

1529
01:13:51,375 --> 01:13:53,750
did not tell the truth.

1530
01:13:53,833 --> 01:13:55,291
[Fallis]
"Built to Fail.

1531
01:13:55,375 --> 01:13:57,792
Despite vows the U.S. wouldn't
get mired in nation building,

1532
01:13:57,833 --> 01:13:59,917
it has wasted billions
doing just that."

1533
01:14:01,375 --> 01:14:03,250
Uh, "Consumed by Corruption.

1534
01:14:03,332 --> 01:14:05,250
The U.S. flooded the country
with money

1535
01:14:05,332 --> 01:14:07,250
and then turned a blind eye
to the graft it fueled."

1536
01:14:07,332 --> 01:14:08,625
"Unguarded Nation.

1537
01:14:08,708 --> 01:14:10,792
Afghan security forces,
despite years of training,

1538
01:14:10,917 --> 01:14:13,082
were dogged by incompetence
and corruption."

1539
01:14:13,125 --> 01:14:18,041
And the last day, uh,
"Overwhelmed by Opium.

1540
01:14:18,125 --> 01:14:19,958
The U.S. war on drugs
in Afghanistan

1541
01:14:20,082 --> 01:14:22,792
has imploded
at nearly every turn."

1542
01:14:22,833 --> 01:14:24,792
[Whitlock] I think the main
headline is that, you know,

1543
01:14:24,917 --> 01:14:28,125
for 18 years,
U.S. government, generals,

1544
01:14:28,250 --> 01:14:29,041
ambassadors, diplomats

1545
01:14:29,125 --> 01:14:31,457
were giving
rosy pronouncements

1546
01:14:31,542 --> 01:14:32,792
about the War in Afghanistan,

1547
01:14:32,875 --> 01:14:35,833
even though they knew the war
was not going well

1548
01:14:35,917 --> 01:14:37,207
or it was failing

1549
01:14:37,291 --> 01:14:39,500
or that they had profound
doubts about the strategy.

1550
01:14:39,582 --> 01:14:41,958
So, in public,
they were saying one thing

1551
01:14:42,041 --> 01:14:43,582
about how they were
making progress

1552
01:14:43,667 --> 01:14:45,833
and this was
a war worth fighting.

1553
01:14:45,917 --> 01:14:47,250
In private,

1554
01:14:47,332 --> 01:14:49,417
they admitted they had no idea
what they were doing.

1555
01:14:49,500 --> 01:14:51,750
[man] "We didn't know
what we were doing,"

1556
01:14:51,833 --> 01:14:54,667
said now-retired Lieutenant
General Douglas Lute,

1557
01:14:54,750 --> 01:14:58,958
who was the Afghan war czar
for Presidents Bush and Obama.

1558
01:14:59,041 --> 01:15:01,457
I can't think of another war

1559
01:15:01,542 --> 01:15:04,417
where you have the generals
in charge of it

1560
01:15:04,500 --> 01:15:07,625
admitting that their strategy
was fatally flawed,

1561
01:15:07,708 --> 01:15:10,375
and to say that
in such raw terms,

1562
01:15:10,457 --> 01:15:13,375
it's not just news,
it's-it's history.

1563
01:15:13,457 --> 01:15:15,958
[man] We simply didn't know
what we were doing.

1564
01:15:16,041 --> 01:15:20,000
It wasn't even mission creep.
It was mission fantasy.

1565
01:15:20,082 --> 01:15:23,332
How do we ever believe in our
military people in the future?

1566
01:15:23,417 --> 01:15:25,207
I mean, it's like a spouse
who's been cheated on.

1567
01:15:25,291 --> 01:15:26,582
How do I ever
trust you again?

1568
01:15:26,667 --> 01:15:28,250
In a country increasingly
divided every day,

1569
01:15:28,332 --> 01:15:29,750
it's nice to learn
that there's one issue

1570
01:15:29,833 --> 01:15:31,917
that brings America's leaders
together--

1571
01:15:32,000 --> 01:15:33,207
lying about war.

1572
01:15:33,291 --> 01:15:36,291
♪ dramatic music ♪

1573
01:15:36,375 --> 01:15:39,041
♪♪♪

1574
01:15:39,125 --> 01:15:41,207
[Whitlock]
I think the American public

1575
01:15:41,291 --> 01:15:42,166
has always wanted
to support the war.

1576
01:15:42,250 --> 01:15:44,166
They wanted to support
the troops here.

1577
01:15:44,250 --> 01:15:46,708
This is very different
from Iraq or other conflicts

1578
01:15:46,792 --> 01:15:48,250
around the world, and--
but over time,

1579
01:15:48,332 --> 01:15:51,875
it's become clear, I think,
to the American people

1580
01:15:51,958 --> 01:15:53,250
that this wasn't working out
as intended.

1581
01:15:53,332 --> 01:15:56,833
It took years and years
much longer than they thought,

1582
01:15:56,917 --> 01:15:59,332
and they've heard three
presidents talk about this.

1583
01:15:59,417 --> 01:16:01,041
And they knew it didn't add up.

1584
01:16:01,125 --> 01:16:05,708
♪♪♪

1585
01:16:05,792 --> 01:16:07,875
[Gossman] Building schools
and protecting women's rights

1586
01:16:07,958 --> 01:16:10,708
and so on, that's not
what this war is about.

1587
01:16:10,792 --> 01:16:11,750
Those have always
been secondary

1588
01:16:11,833 --> 01:16:13,082
to the primary objective,

1589
01:16:13,166 --> 01:16:18,542
which has been
to hunt Taliban and al-Qaeda.

1590
01:16:18,625 --> 01:16:20,291
The secret detentions,
the torture,

1591
01:16:20,375 --> 01:16:25,375
ceaseless night raids,
air strikes, drone attacks,

1592
01:16:25,457 --> 01:16:29,207
when I said it's a CIA war,
meaning they've sort of set

1593
01:16:29,291 --> 01:16:32,750
the priorities for the war,

1594
01:16:32,833 --> 01:16:36,750
and for the Afghans,
this is a never-ending war,

1595
01:16:36,833 --> 01:16:39,582
and many of them
have seen nothing but.

1596
01:16:39,667 --> 01:16:44,082
♪♪♪

1597
01:16:44,166 --> 01:16:46,667
The U.S. and the Taliban
have just signed

1598
01:16:46,750 --> 01:16:49,582
a landmark agreement
that could finally lead

1599
01:16:49,667 --> 01:16:52,667
to an end of hostilities
in Afghanistan.

1600
01:16:52,750 --> 01:16:56,250
After two decades of war,
the U.S. and the Afghan Taliban

1601
01:16:56,332 --> 01:16:58,542
have just signed
a long-awaited deal

1602
01:16:58,625 --> 01:17:00,250
aimed at paving the way
to peace

1603
01:17:00,332 --> 01:17:02,542
and the departure
of foreign troops.

1604
01:17:02,625 --> 01:17:03,375
[man]
Not part of the deal?

1605
01:17:03,457 --> 01:17:05,250
Any commitments
from the Taliban

1606
01:17:05,332 --> 01:17:07,041
to protect the civil rights
of people

1607
01:17:07,125 --> 01:17:08,500
they so brutally repressed

1608
01:17:08,625 --> 01:17:11,375
when last in power,
particularly women.

1609
01:17:11,457 --> 01:17:14,625
[Saleh] Afghanistan
has suffered for 40 years,

1610
01:17:14,708 --> 01:17:16,291
so it's very hard to see
how this country

1611
01:17:16,375 --> 01:17:17,375
is going to be able
to pull together.

1612
01:17:17,457 --> 01:17:19,958
The coming days and months
are going to decide

1613
01:17:20,041 --> 01:17:21,291
whether peace in Afghanistan
is going to move

1614
01:17:21,375 --> 01:17:24,958
from a signed document
to reality on the ground.

1615
01:17:25,041 --> 01:17:29,417
I really believe the Taliban
wants to do something to show

1616
01:17:29,500 --> 01:17:32,750
that we're not
all wasting time.

1617
01:17:32,833 --> 01:17:35,417
If bad things happen,
we'll go back.

1618
01:17:35,500 --> 01:17:40,375
♪♪♪

1619
01:17:42,207 --> 01:17:43,375
[Maddox] Meeting with Afghans,
you can tell

1620
01:17:43,457 --> 01:17:48,875
they've lost faith in their
American counterparts

1621
01:17:48,958 --> 01:17:51,750
because of the historical
flip-flopping

1622
01:17:51,833 --> 01:17:53,958
and pulling back
and pushing back into areas,

1623
01:17:54,041 --> 01:17:57,250
and you can see in their eyes

1624
01:17:57,332 --> 01:18:01,667
the weariness and frustration,

1625
01:18:01,750 --> 01:18:03,166
'cause it's their country.

1626
01:18:03,250 --> 01:18:07,500
It's their families,
and it's their people,

1627
01:18:07,582 --> 01:18:11,207
and we come and go...

1628
01:18:11,291 --> 01:18:13,125
and that hurts.

1629
01:18:17,500 --> 01:18:21,207
After the attack,
I went to the United States.

1630
01:18:21,291 --> 01:18:25,166
My medical treatment
was sponsored

1631
01:18:25,250 --> 01:18:29,500
by a hospital in Dallas.

1632
01:18:29,582 --> 01:18:33,417
I spent six months
in the hospital,

1633
01:18:33,500 --> 01:18:37,792
and many people told me
to stay there in the U.S.,

1634
01:18:37,875 --> 01:18:40,457
but I really wanted
to graduate,

1635
01:18:40,542 --> 01:18:45,250
and also, I wanted
to come back to Afghanistan.

1636
01:18:45,332 --> 01:18:48,917
I don't know,
but I wanted to come back.

1637
01:18:49,000 --> 01:18:50,291
[Qasemi]
I don't hate those people

1638
01:18:50,375 --> 01:18:51,917
who attacked my university,

1639
01:18:52,000 --> 01:18:54,417
because one day,
with the education I receive,

1640
01:18:54,500 --> 01:19:00,207
I want to bring a change that
will affect their children.

1641
01:19:00,291 --> 01:19:03,457
[Musazai] Educated people
are leaving the country

1642
01:19:03,542 --> 01:19:07,667
because of insecurity,
but if everybody leaves,

1643
01:19:07,750 --> 01:19:10,291
who will do something
for the country?

1644
01:19:10,375 --> 01:19:12,500
[applause]

1645
01:19:14,041 --> 01:19:16,291
We cannot just depend

1646
01:19:16,375 --> 01:19:21,250
on the United States
for peace.

1647
01:19:21,332 --> 01:19:24,792
So I think I have the
responsibility to work for it,

1648
01:19:24,875 --> 01:19:26,917
because this is the time.

1649
01:19:27,000 --> 01:19:29,250
The country is in need.

1650
01:19:30,750 --> 01:19:32,417
[Mohseni] Afghanistan
is the youngest country

1651
01:19:32,500 --> 01:19:34,291
outside of Africa,
median age of 18.

1652
01:19:34,375 --> 01:19:35,917
I think 60 percent
of the population

1653
01:19:36,000 --> 01:19:38,457
is under the age of 20,

1654
01:19:38,542 --> 01:19:40,166
so there's certainly
this appetite,

1655
01:19:40,250 --> 01:19:42,667
this capacity
to embrace change.

1656
01:19:42,750 --> 01:19:44,625
[indistinct chatter]

1657
01:19:44,708 --> 01:19:47,958
♪♪♪

1658
01:19:48,041 --> 01:19:49,833
You know, in life,
you get one shot

1659
01:19:49,917 --> 01:19:54,250
at doing something
that is impactful.

1660
01:19:54,332 --> 01:19:56,542
Whether we're successful or not
is another story,

1661
01:19:56,625 --> 01:19:58,792
but we-we've tried.

1662
01:19:58,875 --> 01:20:01,125
♪♪♪

1663
01:20:01,207 --> 01:20:02,833
buwee' ted

1664
01:20:02,917 --> 01:20:04,750
♪♪