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What did
the Enlightenment promise us?

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It promised us freedom

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on the basis of being able
to think for ourselves,

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and thus govern ourselves.

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That was really the premise.

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That if we were released
from constraints of myth

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and tradition,

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released to be able to think,

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and reason,

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and discover
what was true for ourselves,

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that that was the source
of our freedom...

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but something happened
at the end of the 20th Century,

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which was this new way
of thinking about society

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and human beings

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as a market.

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What does it mean
to rule yourself

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if we are all meant
to think of ourselves

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as commodities,

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and everything is marketized?

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What's really tragic

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about the economization
of every aspect of life

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is that we're really seeing
the Enlightenment dream

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come to a kind of end,

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where the mandates
of a financialized society

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all but extinguish
the real freedom

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to make yourself
according to your own lights.

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In the early 2000s,

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we made a film,

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"The Corporation."

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We argued that large
publicly-traded corporations

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are programmed relentlessly
to pursue profit and growth,

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and have become the dominant
institutions of our time.

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We showed that the corporation
is deemed, by law,

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to be a person.

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That it has the same rights
as human beings,

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sometimes even more.

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So we posed the question,

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if the corporation
is legally a person,

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what kind of person is it?

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We analyzed it

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the way a psychiatrist
would analyze a patient.

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We found its character

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to be pathologically
self-interested.

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Now with the world in crisis,

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climate change,

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spiralling inequality,

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a global pandemic,

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we re-examine the corporation,

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how it's changed,

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how it's changing our world,

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and how it's changing
our very sense of who we are.

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To begin this story,

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we take you back to the 2000s.

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At that time,
the corporation was in crisis.

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This meeting
will come to order.

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This is a case of America's
largest corporate bankruptcy.

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Enron and WorldCom

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had collapsed
in corporate scandals

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of unprecedented magnitude.

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Corporations were being
called out for malfeasance

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that was destroying lives
and the environment.

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Around the same time,

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globalization was sparking
worldwide protests

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against the growing power
and impunity of the corporation,

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and our first film
had just charged

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that corporations
are institutional psychopaths.

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I think
calling corporations psychopaths

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absolutely had an impact,

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and I can say that for myself.

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When I had to consume
that particular thought,

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that was, um...

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that was interesting,

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to use a very soft word.

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Uh, it was outrageous.

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Has it influenced it? Yes.

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Are we on the road to recovery?

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I hope...
I hope we are.

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About 2005,

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we started to see

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many of the world's biggest
branded companies

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suddenly making
very sweeping promises.

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Promises such as
100% carbon neutrality,

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zero waste to landfills,

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zero deforestation,

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100% recycling,

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a real and significant shift.

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Since that shift,

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corporations have mounted
a major charm offensive,

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rebranding themselves

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and rebranding
the entire capitalist system

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as having changed,

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having evolved
into something new and improved.

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I think there is genuinely

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a different dialogue
that's taking place

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about corporations

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and the role that they play
in society.

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That cult of shareholder value
has seen its day

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as the narrow construct

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for how companies operate
in society.

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Wait, what did he say?

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That cult of shareholder value
has seen its day,

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as the narrow construct

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for how companies operate
in society.

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This idea

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that making money
for shareholders

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is no longer
the Corporation's only goal,

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it's the essence
of the new story,

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the story Corporations
now tell about themselves.

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What is
the purpose of a company?

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Is it just to make money?

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This is Klaus Schwab,

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the man who first came up
with the idea

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of a new kind of corporation.

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Companies recognize

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that they have
a special responsibility,

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how we combine,

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or how we blend money-making
and social responsibility.

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To advance his ideas,

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Schwab built the world's
most important annual gathering

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of corporate titans
and world leaders.

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Every year,

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Davos, in Switzerland,

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hosts one of

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the most important gatherings
of the global super elite.

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It's kind of the first stop

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in the elite's
yearly migration route.

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People who are successful
and make a lot of money

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are a dime a dozen,

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but these are the people
who are the most successful.

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But Davos
isn't only a meeting place

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for the super elite.

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It's also where corporate chiefs
and government leaders

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come together each year

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to promote the story
of the new corporation...

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that corporations
are conscientious now,

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no longer greedy and selfish,

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but poised to help
make the world a better place.

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Sandra Navidi
is a Davos insider,

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and author of a book

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about the world's
most powerful players.

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These financial elites
have great power,

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and in some instances,

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this power
actually exceeds those

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of democratically-elected people
or institutions.

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This is Jamie Dimon.

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He heads the biggest bank
in the United States,

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and is a leading voice
for corporate America.

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So, the Jamie Dimon reception,

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there will be some introduction
to the clients, right?

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This is Sanjay Jain,

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one of Dimon's top executives
at JP Morgan Chase.

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He's advising
a prospective client...

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No, but I knew that,
uh, we needed to be here,

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because Davos is the place

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where all these people
come together for a week.

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It's insane what happens here.

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...and here's the client,

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Bibop Gresta.

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Hi. Bibop Gresta,
very nice to meet you.

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He's looking for
investors in his company,

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that's developing
a transportation capsule

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that travels
at the speed of sound.

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Sorry.

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Sorry, excuse me.

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Hi. It's Bibop Gresta,
Chairman of Hyperloop.

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Nice to meet you...

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Oh, good, yeah,
I saw some of your colleagues.

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Thank you.
Good luck to you.

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Hey, you're here!

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How are you?

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Jamie, thank you
for inviting me.

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Are you going, like,
to a black tie tonight?

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Well, yeah, they said--

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Or are you just
dressed like this?

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No, I was in the--

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I was telling Tony Blair...

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How are you?
Nice to meet you.

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...you, you guys have
something in common.

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-Yes.
-You were in a rock band.

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Right.

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He had his own rock band
before he was Prime Minister.

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That's true, that's true...

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I don't know
what I was expecting

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from a person like Jamie Dimon.

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I discovered a person

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that installed
a very great culture

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inside their company.

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They're starting programs
trying to improve society,

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creating a special program
for Detroit,

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reconstruct it completely,

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I wasn't expecting that.

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I knew what you've done
for Detroit

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and all the effort
that you did to save it,

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and it's not public yet,

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but we are...
we signed a deal with Ohio

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to actually build
a Hyperloop to Detroit.

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We are trying to contribute,

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following your example.

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I think it's a very
important project.

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It's a big, big year for us.

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It's exciting.

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I'll see you in a couple weeks.

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Okay, okay, thank you.

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Thank you very much.

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Davos is a place
of interaction, of dialogue.

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We look at the ecosystem
of what's happening,

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but always with a sense
of responsibility

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for us,

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and "us," it means
not just one country,

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not just one person.

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I think at the end,

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we are all a globally
interdependent humankind.

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So here in Davos,

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we debated the motion,

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is the business of business
still just business,

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and interestingly,

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more than 80% said no,

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in today's transformative age,

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business has
a wider accountability

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and opportunity.

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We're in a new age
of doing business.

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You need to give back.

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You need to be
part of the solution.

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Society is demanding
that companies,

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both public and private,

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serve a social purpose.

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There is a new possibility.

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We can imagine
something different.

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It takes courageous leadership,

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and it takes people
who get it here,

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00:12:01,053 --> 00:12:02,321
and who get it here,

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00:12:02,321 --> 00:12:04,724
and who understand
that life is short and precious,

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00:12:04,724 --> 00:12:06,726
and if we're in positions
of power and influence,

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00:12:06,726 --> 00:12:09,729
that we should use that
to help shift the paradigm,

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and the possibility
of what it means

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to be a business on the planet,

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and what it means
to be a human being.

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It all sounds so good,

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this talk of a new kind
of corporation,

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in Davos
and everywhere else.

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For many businesses,

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the commitment
to the triple bottom line

245
00:12:27,012 --> 00:12:29,215
of people, profit, and planet

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is real.

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The problem is the capitalist
system as a whole

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is not committed to that.

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There are CEOs
and corporate boards

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attempting to do good
in the world.

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There clearly are...

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but the notion

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that there's anything
inherently socially responsible

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about a corporation

255
00:12:49,435 --> 00:12:51,904
is a counterintuitive
proposition.

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By law, the corporation
exists for one reason--

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to return benefits
to shareholders.

258
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There is no such thing

259
00:13:01,380 --> 00:13:03,582
as corporate
social responsibility.

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00:13:03,582 --> 00:13:06,352
Corporations don't have the leeway

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00:13:06,352 --> 00:13:08,387
to sacrifice shareholder returns

262
00:13:08,387 --> 00:13:09,922
for doing whatever they want,

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00:13:09,922 --> 00:13:12,558
or whatever they believe
is socially responsible.

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What then do we make

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00:13:17,196 --> 00:13:19,198
of the corporation's new image?

266
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Of the claim
corporations have changed?

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Since our last film,

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00:13:25,271 --> 00:13:27,439
the American
Psychiatric Association

269
00:13:27,439 --> 00:13:31,043
has added a new item
to its diagnostic checklist.

270
00:13:42,588 --> 00:13:46,058
You always have to come back,
as a leader, to purpose.

271
00:13:46,058 --> 00:13:47,059
Why are we here?

272
00:13:47,059 --> 00:13:48,894
Why are we doing business?

273
00:13:48,894 --> 00:13:51,397
And we want to do business
for the long term.

274
00:13:51,397 --> 00:13:55,234
Values are part
of a purpose of a company.

275
00:13:56,735 --> 00:13:58,237
John Browne is a leading voice

276
00:13:58,237 --> 00:13:59,238
in today's

277
00:13:59,238 --> 00:14:01,240
new corporation movement.

278
00:14:01,240 --> 00:14:02,274
When he was CEO

279
00:14:02,274 --> 00:14:04,844
of the world's second largest
oil company,

280
00:14:04,844 --> 00:14:07,713
he professed
deep environmental beliefs

281
00:14:07,713 --> 00:14:10,649
while achieving record profits
and meteoric growth.

282
00:14:10,649 --> 00:14:12,051
Basically, for the first time,

283
00:14:12,051 --> 00:14:13,919
an oil company executive
stepped forward to say

284
00:14:13,919 --> 00:14:16,055
"Global warming is a problem."

285
00:14:16,055 --> 00:14:18,457
It set BP apart.

286
00:14:18,457 --> 00:14:21,427
I think people
are much more convinced now,

287
00:14:21,427 --> 00:14:22,862
at least around the world,

288
00:14:22,862 --> 00:14:27,066
that there is a real case
to take precautionary action

289
00:14:27,066 --> 00:14:29,235
to avoid carbon concentrations

290
00:14:29,235 --> 00:14:31,437
going to beyond
a critical level

291
00:14:31,437 --> 00:14:32,905
in the atmosphere...

292
00:14:32,905 --> 00:14:35,541
My sense is that John Browne's
concerns are genuine,

293
00:14:35,541 --> 00:14:37,543
his interest in the environment
is genuine,

294
00:14:37,543 --> 00:14:39,612
his concern for workers

295
00:14:39,612 --> 00:14:40,946
and for people's safety,

296
00:14:40,946 --> 00:14:43,682
theoretically, is genuine,

297
00:14:43,682 --> 00:14:47,052
but those desires
are just inherently conflicting

298
00:14:47,052 --> 00:14:49,221
with the need to make money,

299
00:14:49,221 --> 00:14:51,223
because turning a profit
for those corporations

300
00:14:51,223 --> 00:14:54,293
is always going to come first.

301
00:14:54,293 --> 00:14:55,294
I need

302
00:14:55,294 --> 00:14:57,062
an ambulance and E.M.T.s
right now!

303
00:14:57,062 --> 00:14:59,064
There's people
trapped in the trailer!

304
00:14:59,064 --> 00:15:00,933
They need help!

305
00:15:00,933 --> 00:15:05,271
In 2005,
when I was CEO of BP,

306
00:15:05,271 --> 00:15:08,540
we had a terrible tragedy.

307
00:15:08,540 --> 00:15:12,311
15 people died
in a refinery explosion

308
00:15:12,311 --> 00:15:13,512
in Texas City.

309
00:15:14,680 --> 00:15:16,715
This is the second time

310
00:15:16,715 --> 00:15:17,549
people have died at this plant

311
00:15:17,549 --> 00:15:19,051
in less than a year.

312
00:15:19,051 --> 00:15:20,085
In that time,

313
00:15:20,085 --> 00:15:21,387
it has been fined

314
00:15:21,387 --> 00:15:23,255
for more than
14 safety violations.

315
00:15:25,624 --> 00:15:28,394
All of us at BP
are very deeply saddened

316
00:15:28,394 --> 00:15:29,728
by the loss of life

317
00:15:29,728 --> 00:15:33,565
and injury suffered
by so many people.

318
00:15:36,568 --> 00:15:38,237
After Texas City,

319
00:15:38,237 --> 00:15:39,738
we were at pains--

320
00:15:39,738 --> 00:15:43,876
at pains to say safety
must never be compromised

321
00:15:43,876 --> 00:15:46,278
for financial performance.

322
00:15:46,278 --> 00:15:49,882
We were very concerned
to make sure that safety,

323
00:15:49,882 --> 00:15:51,917
operational safety,

324
00:15:51,917 --> 00:15:53,052
process safety,

325
00:15:53,052 --> 00:15:54,553
took primacy.

326
00:15:54,553 --> 00:15:56,255
It's ridiculous
for John Browne to suggest

327
00:15:56,255 --> 00:15:58,724
that he had adequately
addressed process safety

328
00:15:58,724 --> 00:16:00,693
in the wake
of the Texas City Refinery.

329
00:16:00,693 --> 00:16:01,927
It was less than a year later

330
00:16:01,927 --> 00:16:04,730
his company had a spill
in Alaska,

331
00:16:04,730 --> 00:16:05,898
on oil pipelines,

332
00:16:05,898 --> 00:16:07,566
which, it turns out,
were not maintained.

333
00:16:07,566 --> 00:16:09,635
Technicians at Prudoe Bay

334
00:16:09,635 --> 00:16:12,137
warned it was understaffed,

335
00:16:12,137 --> 00:16:13,605
lacking in routine maintenance,

336
00:16:13,605 --> 00:16:15,374
leak-prone, and vulnerable
to explosions...

337
00:16:15,374 --> 00:16:17,209
There was
a specific decision

338
00:16:17,209 --> 00:16:20,479
to save money
by not running corrosion tests

339
00:16:20,479 --> 00:16:21,547
in those pipelines.

340
00:16:21,547 --> 00:16:23,315
It's the same kind of thing

341
00:16:23,315 --> 00:16:26,051
that led to
the Texas City explosion.

342
00:16:27,553 --> 00:16:28,754
Yet BP claimed

343
00:16:28,754 --> 00:16:31,423
it had learned its lesson
from Texas City.

344
00:16:31,423 --> 00:16:34,560
In 2007, I left BP,

345
00:16:34,560 --> 00:16:36,295
and I thought, "This is great.

346
00:16:36,295 --> 00:16:39,598
This company has got it."

347
00:16:47,406 --> 00:16:50,876
What was so depressing to me

348
00:16:50,876 --> 00:16:54,046
was that yet again
people died...

349
00:16:57,149 --> 00:16:58,917
and while I wasn't there,

350
00:16:58,917 --> 00:17:01,387
and I didn't know
what had happened,

351
00:17:01,387 --> 00:17:05,391
I could see
some terrible echoes of history.

352
00:17:10,295 --> 00:17:12,731
While John Browne had left BP,

353
00:17:12,731 --> 00:17:15,734
some things hadn't changed.

354
00:17:15,734 --> 00:17:18,003
The poor decisions that led
to the Deepwater Horizon

355
00:17:18,003 --> 00:17:22,374
echo and track what John Browne
instituted in the company

356
00:17:22,374 --> 00:17:25,344
a decade or two before.

357
00:17:26,345 --> 00:17:28,547
John Browne pushed
the largest cost cut

358
00:17:28,547 --> 00:17:29,548
that I've heard of

359
00:17:29,548 --> 00:17:30,682
at any corporation

360
00:17:30,682 --> 00:17:32,051
in any kind of industry,

361
00:17:32,051 --> 00:17:33,052
not just the oil industry.

362
00:17:33,052 --> 00:17:34,887
You can't do that

363
00:17:34,887 --> 00:17:36,889
without cutting corners
on maintenance of equipment,

364
00:17:36,889 --> 00:17:39,758
without pushing timetables.

365
00:17:39,758 --> 00:17:42,061
That's the culture
that he built.

366
00:17:51,403 --> 00:17:54,239
When given that choice
between doing good,

367
00:17:54,239 --> 00:17:56,308
and doing well for your company,

368
00:17:56,308 --> 00:17:58,110
the fact that
publicly-held companies

369
00:17:58,110 --> 00:18:00,779
have an obligation to deliver
to their shareholders,

370
00:18:00,779 --> 00:18:02,147
making those profits

371
00:18:02,147 --> 00:18:03,682
will always be
the highest priority.

372
00:18:03,682 --> 00:18:05,918
Those trend lines are just
headed in opposite directions,

373
00:18:05,918 --> 00:18:08,253
and I think they always will be.

374
00:18:14,693 --> 00:18:16,295
We are a--
just to make it clear--

375
00:18:16,295 --> 00:18:18,230
a for-profit institution...

376
00:18:19,565 --> 00:18:22,901
...and we are making
an investment in Detroit.

377
00:18:22,901 --> 00:18:24,236
Remember Jamie Dimon?

378
00:18:24,236 --> 00:18:27,072
From JP Morgan Chase?

379
00:18:27,072 --> 00:18:31,210
He's the CEO
who wants to save Detroit.

380
00:18:31,210 --> 00:18:35,714
Detroit was devastated
by the 2008 financial crisis.

381
00:18:35,714 --> 00:18:38,383
A third of its homes
were abandoned.

382
00:18:38,383 --> 00:18:39,718
Over the next five years,

383
00:18:39,718 --> 00:18:42,855
it spiraled
towards rock bottom.

384
00:18:42,855 --> 00:18:43,889
When the 2008 financial crisis

385
00:18:43,889 --> 00:18:46,458
hammered North America,

386
00:18:46,458 --> 00:18:49,228
long-suffering Detroit
was hit especially hard.

387
00:18:49,228 --> 00:18:51,396
Detroit is officially
the largest city in history

388
00:18:51,396 --> 00:18:54,233
to file for bankruptcy.

389
00:18:55,901 --> 00:18:56,935
After bankruptcy,

390
00:18:56,935 --> 00:18:59,104
Jamie Dimon and his bank
stepped in

391
00:18:59,104 --> 00:19:00,639
with vast amounts of capital.

392
00:19:00,639 --> 00:19:01,740
Why Detroit?

393
00:19:01,740 --> 00:19:03,542
So obviously
it's good for the bank,

394
00:19:03,542 --> 00:19:05,210
but it's part humanity.

395
00:19:05,210 --> 00:19:06,712
You're trying to help your city
and your people come back,

396
00:19:06,712 --> 00:19:09,381
and recover from what have been,
basically, a terrible 20 years.

397
00:19:09,381 --> 00:19:12,050
Jamie Dimon
wants to rescue Detroit,

398
00:19:12,050 --> 00:19:13,719
but what's misleading

399
00:19:13,719 --> 00:19:16,388
is he wants America to believe

400
00:19:16,388 --> 00:19:17,923
that he,

401
00:19:17,923 --> 00:19:20,759
and, by implication,
JP Morgan Chase Bank,

402
00:19:20,759 --> 00:19:22,060
are somehow the good guys,

403
00:19:22,060 --> 00:19:23,562
that they are leading us

404
00:19:23,562 --> 00:19:25,597
in a direction
we ought to be going in,

405
00:19:25,597 --> 00:19:26,899
without--

406
00:19:26,899 --> 00:19:29,568
without any memory

407
00:19:29,568 --> 00:19:33,405
that he and the bank
caused, in part,

408
00:19:33,405 --> 00:19:35,274
a huge recession

409
00:19:35,274 --> 00:19:37,276
that wrecked the lives
of millions,

410
00:19:37,276 --> 00:19:39,378
tens of millions of people.

411
00:19:39,378 --> 00:19:40,646
At one point,

412
00:19:40,646 --> 00:19:43,382
the market fell
as if down a well.

413
00:19:43,382 --> 00:19:44,716
The NASDAQ,
everything and more

414
00:19:44,716 --> 00:19:45,984
has been completely
wiped out...

415
00:19:45,984 --> 00:19:48,554
Three of the five
biggest independent firms

416
00:19:48,554 --> 00:19:50,722
on Wall Street

417
00:19:50,722 --> 00:19:51,890
have now disappeared...

418
00:19:51,890 --> 00:19:53,025
Major sectors

419
00:19:53,025 --> 00:19:54,526
of America's financial system

420
00:19:54,526 --> 00:19:56,562
are at risk of shutting down.

421
00:19:56,562 --> 00:19:59,231
The 2008 financial crisis

422
00:19:59,231 --> 00:20:01,466
was the result
of corporate misconduct

423
00:20:01,466 --> 00:20:02,901
and reckless speculation.

424
00:20:02,901 --> 00:20:06,738
That malfeasance nearly
destroyed the global economy.

425
00:20:06,738 --> 00:20:09,675
It cost the American economy
about 20 trillion dollars

426
00:20:09,675 --> 00:20:11,677
in terms of lost housing value,

427
00:20:11,677 --> 00:20:13,212
lost productivity
from the recession.

428
00:20:14,446 --> 00:20:16,381
Millions of people
lost their jobs.

429
00:20:16,381 --> 00:20:18,984
Millions of others
were thrown out of their homes.

430
00:20:18,984 --> 00:20:20,719
People were really hurt.

431
00:20:27,559 --> 00:20:28,427
The nation's biggest bank,

432
00:20:28,427 --> 00:20:29,561
JP Morgan Chase,

433
00:20:29,561 --> 00:20:31,730
has agreed to
a $13-billion settlement

434
00:20:31,730 --> 00:20:33,031
with the U.S. Government

435
00:20:33,031 --> 00:20:35,901
for misleading investors
and mortgage agencies

436
00:20:35,901 --> 00:20:38,403
about the safety
of mortgage-backed securities

437
00:20:38,403 --> 00:20:40,672
it sold ahead of
the financial crisis.

438
00:20:40,672 --> 00:20:42,441
That would be the largest fine

439
00:20:42,441 --> 00:20:44,476
ever paid by a single bank

440
00:20:44,476 --> 00:20:46,044
to settle civil charges,

441
00:20:46,044 --> 00:20:49,214
yet doesn't even resolve
a possible criminal case.

442
00:20:52,217 --> 00:20:54,319
But JP Morgan Chase's caring image

443
00:20:54,319 --> 00:20:57,556
helped mask
its self-interested nature.

444
00:20:57,556 --> 00:20:59,391
I think we have to acknowledge

445
00:20:59,391 --> 00:21:01,760
that as a kind of
private sector propaganda,

446
00:21:01,760 --> 00:21:04,463
it has been
remarkably successful.

447
00:21:04,463 --> 00:21:06,398
This is Anand Giridharadas,

448
00:21:06,398 --> 00:21:08,233
an expert
on how corporate elites

449
00:21:08,233 --> 00:21:10,569
cloak profit-making in virtue.

450
00:21:10,569 --> 00:21:13,071
When you have
someone like Jamie Dimon,

451
00:21:13,071 --> 00:21:16,041
who is running an institution

452
00:21:16,041 --> 00:21:19,645
that paid fines for its role

453
00:21:19,645 --> 00:21:22,547
in helping to cause
a financial crisis

454
00:21:22,547 --> 00:21:25,717
that wiped out communities--

455
00:21:25,717 --> 00:21:29,688
we're talking about obliterated
certain communities--

456
00:21:29,688 --> 00:21:31,023
when you have someone like that

457
00:21:31,023 --> 00:21:34,026
who then turns around and says,

458
00:21:34,026 --> 00:21:36,728
"We gotta save Detroit,"

459
00:21:36,728 --> 00:21:41,266
what's so amazing
is this kind of two-step

460
00:21:41,266 --> 00:21:45,570
that this plutocratic group
has been able to pull off.

461
00:21:45,570 --> 00:21:47,773
You first create conditions

462
00:21:47,773 --> 00:21:50,275
in which people
in a city like Detroit

463
00:21:50,275 --> 00:21:54,379
are shattered by
your speculation decisions,

464
00:21:54,379 --> 00:21:57,215
and then you have the gall

465
00:21:57,215 --> 00:22:00,919
to market yourself
to those folks

466
00:22:00,919 --> 00:22:03,722
as their--
as their Christ.

467
00:22:03,722 --> 00:22:05,557
We were here
in the darkest moments

468
00:22:05,557 --> 00:22:07,426
for everybody, at all times.

469
00:22:07,426 --> 00:22:08,894
We didn't run,
we didn't hide...

470
00:22:08,894 --> 00:22:10,062
...and we figure, you know,

471
00:22:10,062 --> 00:22:11,797
if we can help in Detroit,

472
00:22:11,797 --> 00:22:13,598
you can help anywhere.

473
00:22:13,598 --> 00:22:17,769
We participate in this game

474
00:22:17,769 --> 00:22:22,708
that allows the very people
abetting harm to our society,

475
00:22:22,708 --> 00:22:24,609
or actively harming our society,

476
00:22:24,609 --> 00:22:27,279
to reinvent themselves
as saviours.

477
00:22:34,553 --> 00:22:35,754
But that's part
of a larger game

478
00:22:35,754 --> 00:22:39,091
corporations now play.

479
00:22:39,091 --> 00:22:41,727
Making feel-good promises
with bright smiles,

480
00:22:41,727 --> 00:22:45,364
appearing to be different
than what they really are.

481
00:22:48,734 --> 00:22:51,570
If the new corporation
had a playbook,

482
00:22:51,570 --> 00:22:54,339
what might it look like?

483
00:22:55,407 --> 00:22:56,942
What would its key plays be?

484
00:23:05,250 --> 00:23:06,585
I am here with Bill Gates.

485
00:23:06,585 --> 00:23:08,720
I'd love you to tell
our readers

486
00:23:08,720 --> 00:23:10,889
what the heck
creative capitalism is.

487
00:23:10,889 --> 00:23:14,593
Can we take some of the caring
and innovation power,

488
00:23:14,593 --> 00:23:17,062
the resources of corporations,

489
00:23:17,062 --> 00:23:19,765
and get them to focus
more of that

490
00:23:19,765 --> 00:23:21,266
on the needs of the poorest?

491
00:23:23,101 --> 00:23:24,903
Bill Gates

492
00:23:24,903 --> 00:23:26,905
put his idea
of Creative Capitalism to work,

493
00:23:26,905 --> 00:23:30,208
pouring billions
into investments in Africa,

494
00:23:30,208 --> 00:23:32,677
including a multi-million-dollar stake

495
00:23:32,677 --> 00:23:33,812
in a start-up company

496
00:23:33,812 --> 00:23:36,148
called Bridge International
Academies.

497
00:23:36,148 --> 00:23:37,716
Good morning, class.

498
00:23:37,716 --> 00:23:40,051
Good morning, teacher.

499
00:23:40,051 --> 00:23:41,386
How are you?

500
00:23:41,386 --> 00:23:43,555
We are fine,
thank you, teacher,

501
00:23:43,555 --> 00:23:44,923
and how are you?

502
00:23:44,923 --> 00:23:45,924
I'm fine, thank you.

503
00:23:45,924 --> 00:23:47,793
Bridge is a flagship

504
00:23:47,793 --> 00:23:49,394
of creative capitalism.

505
00:23:49,394 --> 00:23:52,464
We serve children
living in poverty.

506
00:23:52,464 --> 00:23:54,166
Even people
who are living in poverty,

507
00:23:54,166 --> 00:23:56,501
they are earning cash,

508
00:23:56,501 --> 00:23:58,069
and they're earning cash
for a reason.

509
00:23:58,069 --> 00:24:00,338
They're earning it
to be able to spend it

510
00:24:00,338 --> 00:24:01,940
on things they need
in their lives.

511
00:24:01,940 --> 00:24:03,308
Five years ago,

512
00:24:03,308 --> 00:24:04,543
my co-founder, Shannon, and I

513
00:24:04,543 --> 00:24:06,878
decided that an aggressive
start-up company

514
00:24:06,878 --> 00:24:08,113
that could figure out

515
00:24:08,113 --> 00:24:10,282
how to profitably deliver
education at a high quality

516
00:24:10,282 --> 00:24:13,018
could radically disrupt
the status quo in education,

517
00:24:13,018 --> 00:24:14,719
ultimately creating

518
00:24:14,719 --> 00:24:18,890
what could be a billion-dollar
new global education company.

519
00:24:18,890 --> 00:24:21,259
Private schools for the poor

520
00:24:21,259 --> 00:24:23,228
is a $51-billion-a-year market

521
00:24:23,228 --> 00:24:25,597
no one's even thought about.

522
00:24:26,898 --> 00:24:28,099
In the global south,

523
00:24:28,099 --> 00:24:32,270
what we've seen is the emergence
of chains of schools,

524
00:24:32,270 --> 00:24:33,505
for-profit schools,

525
00:24:33,505 --> 00:24:36,208
to compete against
the public education system.

526
00:24:36,208 --> 00:24:38,276
One of the biggest players

527
00:24:38,276 --> 00:24:41,112
is Bridge International
Academies.

528
00:24:41,112 --> 00:24:43,715
Venture capitalists
invest in Bridge schools,

529
00:24:43,715 --> 00:24:47,886
Pearson, the World Bank,
Zuckerberg, Gates,

530
00:24:47,886 --> 00:24:49,521
and the list goes on.

531
00:24:49,521 --> 00:24:52,224
We hear of creative capitalism,

532
00:24:52,224 --> 00:24:54,392
but that's promoting a world

533
00:24:54,392 --> 00:24:57,729
where the market
would dictate terms

534
00:24:57,729 --> 00:25:01,233
with respect to the provision
of education.

535
00:25:01,233 --> 00:25:02,434
We take lessons

536
00:25:02,434 --> 00:25:04,236
that other large
global service providers use,

537
00:25:04,236 --> 00:25:06,004
like McDonalds or Starbucks.

538
00:25:06,004 --> 00:25:07,506
We build for scale,

539
00:25:07,506 --> 00:25:09,207
we systematize, we standardize.

540
00:25:09,207 --> 00:25:11,810
We call this
vertically-integrated platform

541
00:25:11,810 --> 00:25:14,613
our "Academy in a Box."

542
00:25:14,613 --> 00:25:15,780
What is so interesting

543
00:25:15,780 --> 00:25:17,983
about this social-business thing

544
00:25:17,983 --> 00:25:21,553
is, on the surface,
it seems incredibly noble.

545
00:25:21,553 --> 00:25:23,421
They're saying

546
00:25:23,421 --> 00:25:26,291
money-making should not be
the sole goal of a business,

547
00:25:26,291 --> 00:25:27,926
it should also have
a social purpose,

548
00:25:27,926 --> 00:25:30,262
but what it is also saying

549
00:25:30,262 --> 00:25:33,231
is that the kinds of change

550
00:25:33,231 --> 00:25:35,400
that we ought to pursue

551
00:25:35,400 --> 00:25:36,468
are the kinds of change

552
00:25:36,468 --> 00:25:39,137
that kicks something back
to the winners.

553
00:25:39,137 --> 00:25:40,739
But those interested
financial reasons

554
00:25:40,739 --> 00:25:42,073
are good for the world.

555
00:25:42,073 --> 00:25:44,809
If we succeed in serving
10 million children,

556
00:25:44,809 --> 00:25:47,212
which I know we will,

557
00:25:47,212 --> 00:25:50,382
it's still
only about 1% of children

558
00:25:50,382 --> 00:25:52,384
who need improved services

559
00:25:52,384 --> 00:25:55,320
in their government
and community schools.

560
00:25:55,320 --> 00:25:57,722
So I hope we not only get there,

561
00:25:57,722 --> 00:25:59,291
but far transcede it,

562
00:25:59,291 --> 00:26:00,392
and in so doing,

563
00:26:00,392 --> 00:26:02,093
be a good partner
for our shareholders,

564
00:26:02,093 --> 00:26:03,929
and those who have entrusted us
with their capital,

565
00:26:03,929 --> 00:26:07,198
to try to make a big impact.

566
00:26:07,198 --> 00:26:09,234
This is colonialism,

567
00:26:09,234 --> 00:26:10,669
pure and simple.

568
00:26:10,669 --> 00:26:12,837
Fundamentally, Bridge is saying

569
00:26:12,837 --> 00:26:14,573
"Give us your education system,

570
00:26:14,573 --> 00:26:15,874
we will take care of it."

571
00:26:15,874 --> 00:26:20,312
Public education
is one of the basic commitments

572
00:26:20,312 --> 00:26:22,347
of a democratic society.

573
00:26:22,347 --> 00:26:25,317
Education is not non-political,

574
00:26:25,317 --> 00:26:26,418
it's not apolitical.

575
00:26:26,418 --> 00:26:28,587
You teach a set of values
when you're teaching.

576
00:26:28,587 --> 00:26:31,590
You cannot rely
on Mark Zuckerberg, Bill Gates,

577
00:26:31,590 --> 00:26:33,725
the World Bank, to take over

578
00:26:33,725 --> 00:26:35,226
and provide the education

579
00:26:35,226 --> 00:26:36,595
that you should be
providing yourself.

580
00:26:36,595 --> 00:26:39,064
Bridge is in business.

581
00:26:39,064 --> 00:26:43,668
When you want to utilize
poor citizens of this world

582
00:26:43,668 --> 00:26:45,236
as a source of income.

583
00:26:45,236 --> 00:26:47,472
They're making money

584
00:26:47,472 --> 00:26:50,709
out of utilizing
unqualified teachers.

585
00:26:50,709 --> 00:26:52,777
We believe
everyone is a teacher,

586
00:26:52,777 --> 00:26:55,180
and everyone could be.

587
00:26:55,180 --> 00:26:58,383
There are certain core skills
you need to have.

588
00:26:58,383 --> 00:27:00,018
You've gotta be able to read.

589
00:27:00,018 --> 00:27:01,419
It might seem like a low bar,

590
00:27:01,419 --> 00:27:02,721
but you have to start somewhere.

591
00:27:02,721 --> 00:27:04,255
It's true,

592
00:27:04,255 --> 00:27:06,758
Bridge teachers know how to read

593
00:27:07,359 --> 00:27:08,593
but they're required to do

594
00:27:08,593 --> 00:27:10,395
little more in thier classrooms

595
00:27:10,395 --> 00:27:13,064
because they follow scripted les

596
00:27:13,064 --> 00:27:16,234
read word-for-word
from a tablet.

597
00:27:16,234 --> 00:27:18,470
It's telling you
all of these different ways

598
00:27:18,470 --> 00:27:19,571
to behave.

599
00:27:19,571 --> 00:27:20,572
Move away from the board,

600
00:27:20,572 --> 00:27:22,340
circulate in the classroom,

601
00:27:22,340 --> 00:27:24,776
give them one-on-one coaching.

602
00:27:24,776 --> 00:27:28,647
You cannot have teachers
who behave as robots,

603
00:27:28,647 --> 00:27:30,482
who follow a scripted curriculum

604
00:27:30,482 --> 00:27:34,052
that tells you walk three steps
to the blackboard,

605
00:27:34,052 --> 00:27:36,254
walk around the classroom,

606
00:27:36,254 --> 00:27:37,822
and that's just...

607
00:27:37,822 --> 00:27:42,727
A teacher ought to be
a natural teacher.

608
00:27:42,727 --> 00:27:44,896
From an investment
point of view,

609
00:27:44,896 --> 00:27:49,601
that because of a tragic failure
of our existing systems,

610
00:27:49,601 --> 00:27:52,070
there's an incredible need
for services

611
00:27:52,070 --> 00:27:53,638
to solve these problems.

612
00:27:53,638 --> 00:27:56,441
People have just kind of said,

613
00:27:56,441 --> 00:27:58,543
"Well, hopefully,
the government will fix it,"

614
00:27:58,543 --> 00:28:00,712
but fix it with what?

615
00:28:00,712 --> 00:28:03,281
Government can't fix problems.

616
00:28:03,281 --> 00:28:06,885
It's a defining idea
of the new corporation,

617
00:28:06,885 --> 00:28:09,587
a key play in its playbook,

618
00:28:09,587 --> 00:28:13,224
and it goes back
nearly half a century.

619
00:28:13,224 --> 00:28:15,460
In this present crisis,

620
00:28:15,460 --> 00:28:19,264
government is not the solution
to our problem.

621
00:28:19,264 --> 00:28:22,400
Government is the problem.

622
00:28:23,568 --> 00:28:24,736
We believe

623
00:28:24,736 --> 00:28:27,772
that government should be
severely limited

624
00:28:27,772 --> 00:28:30,875
in the way in which they say

625
00:28:30,875 --> 00:28:33,645
that they're entitled
to impose their judgement

626
00:28:33,645 --> 00:28:34,846
on what the people want.

627
00:28:34,846 --> 00:28:37,449
If you look at
the real problems of poverty

628
00:28:37,449 --> 00:28:39,818
and denial of freedom
to the people in this country,

629
00:28:39,818 --> 00:28:41,720
almost every single one of them

630
00:28:41,720 --> 00:28:42,821
is a result
of government action.

631
00:28:44,923 --> 00:28:46,224
In the 1980s,

632
00:28:46,224 --> 00:28:48,293
corporations were frustrated

633
00:28:48,293 --> 00:28:50,462
by the limits on profits

634
00:28:50,462 --> 00:28:53,398
that they felt were
imposed upon them

635
00:28:53,398 --> 00:28:56,067
by the combination
of labour unions,

636
00:28:56,067 --> 00:28:58,436
increasing regulation,

637
00:28:58,436 --> 00:29:00,839
taxation,

638
00:29:00,839 --> 00:29:05,110
and that combination of things
led to a kind of rebellion--

639
00:29:05,110 --> 00:29:08,213
one that wouldn't
overthrow democracy

640
00:29:08,213 --> 00:29:10,715
in some overt way

641
00:29:10,715 --> 00:29:13,384
but choke it, leash it,

642
00:29:13,384 --> 00:29:14,853
tone it down,

643
00:29:14,853 --> 00:29:17,689
and, above all,
replace it with markets.

644
00:29:18,990 --> 00:29:20,692
Corporations formed alliances

645
00:29:20,692 --> 00:29:22,894
with governments
they had helped elect,

646
00:29:22,894 --> 00:29:25,230
governments that were in fact
anti-government,

647
00:29:25,230 --> 00:29:28,566
and that happily lifted limits
on corporate freedom.

648
00:29:28,566 --> 00:29:32,237
Profits soared,
but a price was paid,

649
00:29:32,237 --> 00:29:34,272
and not by corporations.

650
00:29:34,272 --> 00:29:38,543
What you get is this profound
anti-government program

651
00:29:38,543 --> 00:29:40,678
to create deficits

652
00:29:40,678 --> 00:29:42,480
through the combination
of tax cuts

653
00:29:42,480 --> 00:29:44,048
and military spending,

654
00:29:44,048 --> 00:29:46,718
so as to make it impossible

655
00:29:46,718 --> 00:29:50,421
to use government in a positive
and constructive way,

656
00:29:50,421 --> 00:29:51,856
to deal with
our social problems.

657
00:29:58,196 --> 00:29:59,464
Mr. President,

658
00:29:59,464 --> 00:30:03,468
on behalf of the business
leaders here in the room,

659
00:30:03,468 --> 00:30:06,404
let me particularly
congratulate you

660
00:30:06,404 --> 00:30:10,708
for the historic tax reform
passed last month,

661
00:30:10,708 --> 00:30:17,015
greatly reducing the tax burden
of U.S. companies,

662
00:30:17,015 --> 00:30:20,218
providing a tremendous boost

663
00:30:20,218 --> 00:30:21,986
to the global economy.

664
00:30:21,986 --> 00:30:25,490
I cannot wait to sign
these giant tax cuts.

665
00:30:25,490 --> 00:30:27,792
It'll be
the largest tax cuts by far

666
00:30:27,792 --> 00:30:29,394
in the history of our country.

667
00:30:29,394 --> 00:30:30,962
JP Morgan Chase,

668
00:30:30,962 --> 00:30:32,263
they just announced earnings,

669
00:30:32,263 --> 00:30:33,565
and they were incredible.

670
00:30:33,565 --> 00:30:34,465
Where are you?

671
00:30:34,465 --> 00:30:36,067
They were very substantial.

672
00:30:36,067 --> 00:30:37,268
Will you say,

673
00:30:37,268 --> 00:30:39,938
"Thank you, Mr. President,"
at least? Huh?

674
00:30:39,938 --> 00:30:41,739
"Thank you, Mr. President,"
may be in order.

675
00:30:41,739 --> 00:30:43,474
Apparently, he believes
he played a strong role

676
00:30:43,474 --> 00:30:47,045
in JP Morgan's
blow-out quarter.

677
00:30:47,045 --> 00:30:50,448
Best profit for any bank,
ever in history.

678
00:30:51,683 --> 00:30:53,885
Corporate profits

679
00:30:53,885 --> 00:30:56,721
are the highest they've been
in decades.

680
00:30:56,721 --> 00:30:58,223
Fast forward a few months,

681
00:30:58,223 --> 00:31:00,091
global pandemic,

682
00:31:00,091 --> 00:31:01,726
the rich keep getting richer,

683
00:31:01,726 --> 00:31:03,528
and our friends
on the other side said,

684
00:31:03,528 --> 00:31:04,429
"What do we do now?

685
00:31:04,429 --> 00:31:06,030
Let's do a tax cut!"

686
00:31:06,030 --> 00:31:08,566
36 million people unemployed,

687
00:31:08,566 --> 00:31:10,735
40% of families

688
00:31:10,735 --> 00:31:14,405
who have a worker that makes
$40,000 a year or less

689
00:31:14,405 --> 00:31:16,307
lose their job last month,

690
00:31:16,307 --> 00:31:18,276
four million people
didn't pay their rent,

691
00:31:18,276 --> 00:31:20,211
and the Republican Party says,

692
00:31:20,211 --> 00:31:23,147
"We don't have
any money to help you!"

693
00:31:23,147 --> 00:31:25,049
Are you kidding me?

694
00:31:25,049 --> 00:31:28,553
Where do you guys live?

695
00:31:28,553 --> 00:31:30,321
And while
corporations lobby for

696
00:31:30,321 --> 00:31:32,957
and profit from tax cuts
at home,

697
00:31:32,957 --> 00:31:34,559
they further avoid taxes

698
00:31:34,559 --> 00:31:36,461
by stashing their profits
abroad.

699
00:31:36,461 --> 00:31:39,430
The corporate elite
is best positioned

700
00:31:39,430 --> 00:31:43,101
to use the system that we have
to their advantage

701
00:31:43,101 --> 00:31:47,071
and one manifestation of that
is tax havens.

702
00:31:47,071 --> 00:31:48,306
Every year,

703
00:31:48,306 --> 00:31:50,375
corporations squirrel away
billions of dollars

704
00:31:50,375 --> 00:31:51,943
in tax havens,

705
00:31:51,943 --> 00:31:55,046
and when that's combined
with tax cuts,

706
00:31:55,046 --> 00:31:57,181
guess what happens?

707
00:31:58,216 --> 00:32:00,351
60 of some of America's
biggest companies

708
00:32:00,351 --> 00:32:03,688
reportedly paid
no federal income tax for 2018

709
00:32:03,688 --> 00:32:06,024
despite earning
billions of dollars in profits.

710
00:32:06,024 --> 00:32:08,259
This is my first time
at Davos,

711
00:32:08,259 --> 00:32:11,062
and, uh, and I find it quite
a bewildering experience,

712
00:32:11,062 --> 00:32:12,263
to be honest.

713
00:32:12,263 --> 00:32:15,333
I mean, 1,500 private jets
flown in here

714
00:32:15,333 --> 00:32:17,302
to hear
Sir David Attenborough speak

715
00:32:17,302 --> 00:32:19,570
about, you know,
how we're wrecking the planet,

716
00:32:19,570 --> 00:32:21,306
and, uh, I mean,
I hear people talking

717
00:32:21,306 --> 00:32:23,708
the language of participation,
and justice,

718
00:32:23,708 --> 00:32:25,977
and equality, and transparency,

719
00:32:25,977 --> 00:32:28,379
but then, I mean, almost no one
raises the real issue

720
00:32:28,379 --> 00:32:29,714
of tax avoidance, right,

721
00:32:29,714 --> 00:32:31,849
and of the rich just not paying
their fair share.

722
00:32:31,849 --> 00:32:33,718
We gotta be talking
about taxes.

723
00:32:33,718 --> 00:32:35,586
That's it, taxes, taxes, taxes.

724
00:32:35,586 --> 00:32:36,821
All the rest is bullshit,

725
00:32:36,821 --> 00:32:38,089
in my--in my opinion.

726
00:32:39,490 --> 00:32:42,527
Government used to have
a lot of power

727
00:32:42,527 --> 00:32:44,896
to extract wealth
in the form of taxes,

728
00:32:44,896 --> 00:32:47,065
and then be able
to use that wealth

729
00:32:47,065 --> 00:32:49,801
for the betterment
of the society as a whole,

730
00:32:49,801 --> 00:32:51,069
but what's happened now

731
00:32:51,069 --> 00:32:55,306
is that we have given
more power to corporations

732
00:32:55,306 --> 00:32:56,841
to control their wealth

733
00:32:56,841 --> 00:32:59,210
and to take it
out of the tax system.

734
00:32:59,210 --> 00:33:01,312
So what happens
as a result of that?

735
00:33:01,312 --> 00:33:02,480
First of all,

736
00:33:02,480 --> 00:33:06,217
companies and rich people
get a lot richer,

737
00:33:06,217 --> 00:33:08,820
not paying those taxes
you might've been paying.

738
00:33:08,820 --> 00:33:09,721
Second thing that happens

739
00:33:09,721 --> 00:33:12,190
is the government
has less money.

740
00:33:12,190 --> 00:33:15,460
The government's capacity
is sort of contracted,

741
00:33:15,460 --> 00:33:19,063
and then social problems
start to grow,

742
00:33:19,063 --> 00:33:21,632
in part because
the government has less money.

743
00:33:21,632 --> 00:33:23,801
Now with that background,

744
00:33:23,801 --> 00:33:26,637
rich people step onto the scene

745
00:33:26,637 --> 00:33:30,375
and say, "Oh, my gosh,
this is a shame.

746
00:33:30,375 --> 00:33:34,212
This situation we see here
is a shame.

747
00:33:34,212 --> 00:33:36,280
We got
all these social problems,

748
00:33:36,280 --> 00:33:39,584
and government, my gosh,

749
00:33:39,584 --> 00:33:41,552
the government should be
solving this stuff,

750
00:33:41,552 --> 00:33:42,920
but it isn't.

751
00:33:42,920 --> 00:33:44,756
That is embarrassing.

752
00:33:44,756 --> 00:33:47,258
Well, I'm happy
to solve these problems,

753
00:33:47,258 --> 00:33:48,393
but of course
when we do solve it,

754
00:33:48,393 --> 00:33:50,128
we're going to do it my way.

755
00:33:50,128 --> 00:33:51,696
We're going
to privatize the solution."

756
00:33:55,900 --> 00:33:58,169
The privatizer's blueprint,

757
00:33:58,169 --> 00:34:02,073
often also called
"Starve the Beast."

758
00:34:02,073 --> 00:34:04,208
You create
a crisis of confidence...

759
00:34:04,208 --> 00:34:06,511
How much money do we need
to be investing right now

760
00:34:06,511 --> 00:34:08,713
in the United States
in water infrastructure?

761
00:34:08,713 --> 00:34:10,048
By 2020,

762
00:34:10,048 --> 00:34:13,051
44% of all water infrastructure
in the United States

763
00:34:13,051 --> 00:34:17,055
will be classified as poor,
very poor, or beyond life.

764
00:34:17,055 --> 00:34:18,489
You deny resources

765
00:34:18,489 --> 00:34:20,124
for quality public services...

766
00:34:20,124 --> 00:34:21,426
In the 1970s,

767
00:34:21,426 --> 00:34:25,196
there were a lot of pools
of free federal money.

768
00:34:25,196 --> 00:34:27,865
That has really,
no pun, dried up.

769
00:34:27,865 --> 00:34:29,233
...and lo and behold,

770
00:34:29,233 --> 00:34:31,436
the answer is privatization.

771
00:34:31,436 --> 00:34:32,737
What we believe

772
00:34:32,737 --> 00:34:35,640
is that private industry
is part of the answer,

773
00:34:35,640 --> 00:34:36,941
which is very consistent

774
00:34:36,941 --> 00:34:39,544
with what
the President's plan is.

775
00:34:39,544 --> 00:34:40,812
American Water Works

776
00:34:40,812 --> 00:34:44,148
is one of the world's largest
water corporations.

777
00:34:44,148 --> 00:34:45,716
It takes over
public water systems,

778
00:34:45,716 --> 00:34:47,752
and runs them for profit,

779
00:34:47,752 --> 00:34:49,921
and around the world,

780
00:34:49,921 --> 00:34:53,891
there are many other companies
doing the same thing.

781
00:34:53,891 --> 00:34:55,259
It's an absolutely

782
00:34:55,259 --> 00:34:56,227
terrifying notion,

783
00:34:56,227 --> 00:34:58,696
privatization of water.

784
00:34:58,696 --> 00:35:01,799
Moving in exactly
the wrong direction.

785
00:35:01,799 --> 00:35:06,170
Access to potable,
clean drinking water

786
00:35:06,170 --> 00:35:08,806
is a fundamental human right.

787
00:35:08,806 --> 00:35:11,776
It's just insidious

788
00:35:11,776 --> 00:35:15,046
that the corporate mind
could even conceive

789
00:35:15,046 --> 00:35:18,716
or imagine the notion
of privatizing it.

790
00:35:21,319 --> 00:35:23,554
Corporations have figured out

791
00:35:23,554 --> 00:35:25,823
that there are really
big business opportunities

792
00:35:25,823 --> 00:35:27,191
in these public sectors,

793
00:35:27,191 --> 00:35:30,061
in part, because
they've been walled off

794
00:35:30,061 --> 00:35:32,363
from corporate influence
in the past.

795
00:35:36,567 --> 00:35:39,237
The private sector is voracious

796
00:35:39,237 --> 00:35:41,906
in seeking to privatize
almost everything.

797
00:35:45,042 --> 00:35:47,545
First,
privatize government services

798
00:35:47,545 --> 00:35:48,379
as much as possible...

799
00:35:49,714 --> 00:35:53,551
and also the seizure
and the commodification

800
00:35:53,551 --> 00:35:54,919
of the public commons--

801
00:35:54,919 --> 00:35:57,722
your parks,
your public schools,

802
00:35:57,722 --> 00:35:58,890
your streets.

803
00:35:58,890 --> 00:36:03,728
How can we get more money
out of the public commons?

804
00:36:03,728 --> 00:36:05,429
The for-profit motivation

805
00:36:05,429 --> 00:36:09,734
is always a very bad reason
for providing public services.

806
00:36:09,734 --> 00:36:11,102
There's a conflict of interest

807
00:36:11,102 --> 00:36:13,337
between whether you're going
to pay off the shareholders,

808
00:36:13,337 --> 00:36:16,607
or whether you're going
to invest in the public system.

809
00:36:16,607 --> 00:36:20,044
Many responsibilities
and obligations must be public

810
00:36:20,044 --> 00:36:23,381
in order to maintain
equal access

811
00:36:23,381 --> 00:36:25,650
to the basic
necessities of life.

812
00:36:25,650 --> 00:36:29,720
A healthy democratic society
has a thriving private sector,

813
00:36:29,720 --> 00:36:32,390
and also
a thriving public sector,

814
00:36:32,390 --> 00:36:35,059
and as we permit
the private sector

815
00:36:35,059 --> 00:36:37,361
to encroach upon

816
00:36:37,361 --> 00:36:41,032
and to, literally,
absorb the responsibilities

817
00:36:41,032 --> 00:36:43,301
and obligations
of a democratic society,

818
00:36:43,301 --> 00:36:44,936
we lose our democracy.

819
00:36:47,572 --> 00:36:50,208
And the rise
of big-tech corporations

820
00:36:50,208 --> 00:36:52,843
is now accelerating
this process.

821
00:36:52,843 --> 00:36:54,679
For example, in schools.

822
00:36:56,547 --> 00:36:59,250
Not only in Africa,
but elsewhere, too.

823
00:37:01,385 --> 00:37:03,888
Corporations have decided

824
00:37:03,888 --> 00:37:05,556
that they should remake
education

825
00:37:05,556 --> 00:37:07,925
by using technology.

826
00:37:07,925 --> 00:37:12,396
They want to have
teacher-less classrooms...

827
00:37:12,396 --> 00:37:15,233
but the teacher
is the single most important

828
00:37:15,233 --> 00:37:17,969
and expensive part of education,

829
00:37:17,969 --> 00:37:20,238
and the tech industry's dream,

830
00:37:20,238 --> 00:37:22,807
if the teacher is removed
from the equation,

831
00:37:22,807 --> 00:37:26,544
then you can cut costs
dramatically.

832
00:37:28,879 --> 00:37:31,682
These companies
monopolize everything.

833
00:37:31,682 --> 00:37:34,485
First of all,
monopolize their sector,

834
00:37:34,485 --> 00:37:38,422
and the next thing is to look,
"Where's left?"

835
00:37:38,422 --> 00:37:41,892
These giant corporations
are frantically searching

836
00:37:41,892 --> 00:37:43,561
for new sources of profit

837
00:37:43,561 --> 00:37:45,563
because it's drying up.

838
00:37:45,563 --> 00:37:47,898
They say, "We need to take
the education system,

839
00:37:47,898 --> 00:37:49,233
take the health-care system,

840
00:37:49,233 --> 00:37:50,401
take the transport system,

841
00:37:50,401 --> 00:37:51,836
and own it,

842
00:37:51,836 --> 00:37:52,903
or we die."

843
00:37:56,440 --> 00:38:00,378
Silicon Valley
is the new Rome of our time.

844
00:38:00,378 --> 00:38:05,082
The valley has become
this extraordinary power centre

845
00:38:05,082 --> 00:38:07,652
that has a huge say

846
00:38:07,652 --> 00:38:12,056
over what kind of media
and information we have

847
00:38:12,056 --> 00:38:13,958
in a democracy,

848
00:38:13,958 --> 00:38:16,060
over, you know, frankly,

849
00:38:16,060 --> 00:38:17,595
how many of our biggest
problems are solved,

850
00:38:17,595 --> 00:38:19,297
over how election campaigns
are run,

851
00:38:19,297 --> 00:38:20,798
et cetera, et cetera, et cetera.

852
00:38:20,798 --> 00:38:22,900
Technology's neutral,

853
00:38:22,900 --> 00:38:24,602
and, in many ways, it's great,

854
00:38:24,602 --> 00:38:26,237
but there's a difference

855
00:38:26,237 --> 00:38:27,738
between a technology,

856
00:38:27,738 --> 00:38:29,573
and allowing
a few powerful players

857
00:38:29,573 --> 00:38:31,876
to manipulate it
for their own ends.

858
00:38:31,876 --> 00:38:34,545
So we've gone
from this wide-open world

859
00:38:34,545 --> 00:38:36,614
that opened up
all of these possibilities

860
00:38:36,614 --> 00:38:38,049
for people to create things,

861
00:38:38,049 --> 00:38:40,551
to share information,
to share ideas,

862
00:38:40,551 --> 00:38:43,254
and it has collapsed
into these walled gardens

863
00:38:43,254 --> 00:38:46,057
that are controlled
by a few very powerful players.

864
00:38:47,892 --> 00:38:50,428
We're seeing
Amazon, for example,

865
00:38:50,428 --> 00:38:52,363
gobbling up every kind
of business in sight.

866
00:38:52,363 --> 00:38:54,231
They're interested
in getting into pharmaceuticals,

867
00:38:54,231 --> 00:38:56,634
and they're making a big move
into food.

868
00:38:56,634 --> 00:38:58,769
They capture
about half of everything

869
00:38:58,769 --> 00:39:01,072
that Americans spend online,

870
00:39:01,072 --> 00:39:02,773
and they're growing into
all these different directions.

871
00:39:02,773 --> 00:39:07,044
They control 35% of the world's
cloud-computing capacity.

872
00:39:07,044 --> 00:39:09,380
They're building out shipping
and logistics infrastructure

873
00:39:09,380 --> 00:39:13,250
that is scaled to take on
the postal service and UPS,

874
00:39:13,250 --> 00:39:14,552
and, increasingly,

875
00:39:14,552 --> 00:39:17,755
they are the intermediary
for all of our smart devices,

876
00:39:17,755 --> 00:39:22,560
Alexa, their voice system,
is 70% of the market,

877
00:39:22,560 --> 00:39:23,894
and on it goes.

878
00:39:23,894 --> 00:39:25,930
They're making investments
in finance, in healthcare,

879
00:39:25,930 --> 00:39:29,600
in hit movies
and television shows.

880
00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:32,737
Amazon is increasingly
setting the rules

881
00:39:32,737 --> 00:39:35,406
for what happens
in its marketplace,

882
00:39:35,406 --> 00:39:37,942
and pretending like
that's a real market,

883
00:39:37,942 --> 00:39:39,110
but, of course it's not.

884
00:39:39,110 --> 00:39:41,479
You know, that's
a direct threat to democracy,

885
00:39:41,479 --> 00:39:43,447
a very fundamental threat
to democracy.

886
00:39:46,884 --> 00:39:48,552
Though elected by no one,

887
00:39:48,552 --> 00:39:52,223
corporations are now starting
to be treated like governments.

888
00:39:52,223 --> 00:39:53,424
We're joined now live

889
00:39:53,424 --> 00:39:55,726
by the world's first ever
tech ambassador.

890
00:39:55,726 --> 00:39:57,762
Can I start simply
by asking you

891
00:39:57,762 --> 00:39:59,730
what exactly
does a tech ambassador do?

892
00:39:59,730 --> 00:40:00,931
Well, we're basically

893
00:40:00,931 --> 00:40:03,768
trying to treat technology
and the tech companies

894
00:40:03,768 --> 00:40:05,136
in a way which is similar

895
00:40:05,136 --> 00:40:07,171
to the way we treat
a bilateral relationship

896
00:40:07,171 --> 00:40:09,073
with countries
all over the world.

897
00:40:09,073 --> 00:40:10,341
The value of their stocks

898
00:40:10,341 --> 00:40:12,443
is more or less the same
as the GDP of France,

899
00:40:12,443 --> 00:40:14,378
and we think that
that is being translated

900
00:40:14,378 --> 00:40:17,648
into influence
over political affairs.

901
00:40:17,648 --> 00:40:18,916
We think it is necessary

902
00:40:18,916 --> 00:40:20,718
to treat them
in a way which is similar

903
00:40:20,718 --> 00:40:22,887
to the way
we treat other countries.

904
00:40:22,887 --> 00:40:25,055
A lot of folks in the valley

905
00:40:25,055 --> 00:40:27,625
believe that the companies
they are building

906
00:40:27,625 --> 00:40:31,695
are kind of replacements
of government.

907
00:40:31,695 --> 00:40:34,398
I think if we don't push back

908
00:40:34,398 --> 00:40:39,236
against the kind of agenda
that these companies have,

909
00:40:39,236 --> 00:40:40,404
we're going to live in a world

910
00:40:40,404 --> 00:40:43,541
in which they are governing us
privately

911
00:40:43,541 --> 00:40:44,775
through the profit motive.

912
00:40:44,775 --> 00:40:46,877
But governing us.

913
00:40:52,383 --> 00:40:55,085
The deal that the corporations
want from us

914
00:40:55,085 --> 00:40:56,754
is to hand everything to them,

915
00:40:56,754 --> 00:40:58,889
all the value to them,

916
00:40:58,889 --> 00:41:00,891
and we get
a little bit of utility.

917
00:41:00,891 --> 00:41:01,892
We get usefulness.

918
00:41:01,892 --> 00:41:03,227
It becomes easier to study,

919
00:41:03,227 --> 00:41:05,029
or easier to get to work,

920
00:41:05,029 --> 00:41:07,898
or easier to take a health test.

921
00:41:07,898 --> 00:41:09,934
That is a dangerous deal,

922
00:41:09,934 --> 00:41:12,102
because nobody can guarantee

923
00:41:12,102 --> 00:41:15,406
what is going to be done
with the information.

924
00:41:15,406 --> 00:41:16,774
We're handing our data

925
00:41:16,774 --> 00:41:19,977
with no checks, no balances,
no control over it.

926
00:41:19,977 --> 00:41:22,546
I think that's going to be
one of the new challenges

927
00:41:22,546 --> 00:41:24,982
of life in the 21st Century.

928
00:41:24,982 --> 00:41:26,217
I'm going to call them

929
00:41:26,217 --> 00:41:29,253
the super social media
corporations,

930
00:41:29,253 --> 00:41:34,692
the entities that really run
our lives right now.

931
00:41:34,692 --> 00:41:39,363
The scope of their reach
cannot be underestimated.

932
00:41:39,363 --> 00:41:41,432
They know everything about us.

933
00:41:41,432 --> 00:41:44,401
Every single aspect
of what we do,

934
00:41:44,401 --> 00:41:48,339
who we do it with,
where we do it, what we buy,

935
00:41:48,339 --> 00:41:51,375
is a goldmine for aggregators.

936
00:41:51,375 --> 00:41:56,947
It lets them mold their policies
and their products,

937
00:41:56,947 --> 00:42:00,217
predicting how you are going to live

938
00:42:00,217 --> 00:42:02,219
the rest of your life.

939
00:42:02,219 --> 00:42:05,055
They're trying to influence
the decisions that you make

940
00:42:05,055 --> 00:42:07,625
from now to when you die,

941
00:42:07,625 --> 00:42:11,595
so that it will best serve,
ultimately,

942
00:42:11,595 --> 00:42:14,031
the corporate bottom line.

943
00:42:27,011 --> 00:42:28,879
Technology provides us

944
00:42:28,879 --> 00:42:32,049
such a seductive fantasy.

945
00:42:33,484 --> 00:42:36,220
Our smart phones,
our data driven systems,

946
00:42:36,220 --> 00:42:38,155
our social-media platforms,

947
00:42:38,155 --> 00:42:40,691
they are all designed to conceal

948
00:42:40,691 --> 00:42:42,092
the true cost
of these technologies

949
00:42:42,092 --> 00:42:44,562
to our society as a whole.

950
00:42:46,397 --> 00:42:50,000
Privacy is usually
the value that we use

951
00:42:50,000 --> 00:42:51,902
to think through these issues,

952
00:42:51,902 --> 00:42:53,504
but for me,
it's not about privacy,

953
00:42:53,504 --> 00:42:55,072
it's about control.

954
00:42:55,072 --> 00:42:58,042
The drive to make data
profitable

955
00:42:58,042 --> 00:43:00,544
leads these companies
to say who we are,

956
00:43:00,544 --> 00:43:02,713
and define who we are
to other people.

957
00:43:02,713 --> 00:43:06,216
Let me use a real-life example
of a hiring algorithm.

958
00:43:06,216 --> 00:43:07,351
You'll do an interview.

959
00:43:07,351 --> 00:43:08,986
They'll analyze
your video footage,

960
00:43:08,986 --> 00:43:09,987
and they'll say,

961
00:43:09,987 --> 00:43:11,388
"You challenge the status quo.

962
00:43:11,388 --> 00:43:14,391
You are a change agent.

963
00:43:14,391 --> 00:43:15,893
Don't hire this person,

964
00:43:15,893 --> 00:43:18,395
because they are more likely
to cause trouble at work."

965
00:43:19,530 --> 00:43:21,565
As far as the algorithm
is concerned,

966
00:43:21,565 --> 00:43:22,900
you are not a human being,

967
00:43:22,900 --> 00:43:25,569
you're just a collection
of data points,

968
00:43:25,569 --> 00:43:29,239
and this is one of the dangers
that we face today,

969
00:43:29,239 --> 00:43:31,642
because we are now saying

970
00:43:31,642 --> 00:43:34,712
we need to stop
using human reason,

971
00:43:34,712 --> 00:43:36,714
and we need to rely more

972
00:43:36,714 --> 00:43:39,717
on these kinds of algorithmic
decision-making systems.

973
00:43:45,422 --> 00:43:48,759
We are increasingly
surrendering our capacity

974
00:43:48,759 --> 00:43:51,095
to rely on human experience

975
00:43:51,095 --> 00:43:55,299
and to trust in each other.

976
00:43:55,299 --> 00:43:57,735
So, the question

977
00:43:57,735 --> 00:44:01,071
that these technologies
are really raising for us

978
00:44:01,071 --> 00:44:04,708
is what does it mean
to be human?

979
00:44:04,708 --> 00:44:07,611
And this kind of technology
of strangers

980
00:44:07,611 --> 00:44:08,879
is one of the ways

981
00:44:08,879 --> 00:44:12,716
in which we are moving away
from the genuine heritage

982
00:44:12,716 --> 00:44:14,351
of the Enlightenment.

983
00:44:23,394 --> 00:44:25,596
We're taught
that it is all about me.

984
00:44:27,064 --> 00:44:29,800
Narcissism,
the cult of the self,

985
00:44:29,800 --> 00:44:31,568
the idea that consumption

986
00:44:31,568 --> 00:44:36,173
can somehow help us
overcome our alienation,

987
00:44:36,173 --> 00:44:38,442
make us important...

988
00:44:38,442 --> 00:44:39,543
I thought, you know,

989
00:44:39,543 --> 00:44:40,944
what better way
to cure the darkness,

990
00:44:40,944 --> 00:44:42,046
than to go shopping.

991
00:44:42,046 --> 00:44:44,448
You know,
help stimulate the economy.

992
00:44:44,448 --> 00:44:47,818
These were all...

993
00:44:47,818 --> 00:44:49,720
I hesitate the word "values,"

994
00:44:49,720 --> 00:44:53,557
but these were all consciously
instilled in the public.

995
00:44:56,794 --> 00:45:01,732
It upends
traditional values of thrift,

996
00:45:01,732 --> 00:45:04,101
self-effacement,

997
00:45:04,101 --> 00:45:05,569
communitarianism,

998
00:45:05,569 --> 00:45:08,939
and replaces them
with the values

999
00:45:08,939 --> 00:45:10,708
that we now define
as American values,

1000
00:45:10,708 --> 00:45:14,111
but which should properly
be called corporate values.

1001
00:45:25,255 --> 00:45:26,724
In recent years,

1002
00:45:26,724 --> 00:45:30,227
we've drifted,
almost without realizing it,

1003
00:45:30,227 --> 00:45:32,196
from having a market economy

1004
00:45:32,196 --> 00:45:36,567
to becoming a market society.

1005
00:45:36,567 --> 00:45:37,601
The difference is this.

1006
00:45:37,601 --> 00:45:39,903
A market economy is a tool,

1007
00:45:39,903 --> 00:45:41,572
a valuable and effective tool

1008
00:45:41,572 --> 00:45:44,274
for organizing
productive activity.

1009
00:45:44,274 --> 00:45:46,043
But a market society is a place

1010
00:45:46,043 --> 00:45:48,879
where almost everything
is up for sale.

1011
00:45:51,381 --> 00:45:54,885
We are so steeped
in this commodification

1012
00:45:54,885 --> 00:45:59,156
that it's hard to distinguish
between being a consumer

1013
00:45:59,156 --> 00:46:01,125
and being a citizen.

1014
00:46:01,125 --> 00:46:03,694
I'm not much of a believer
in political citizenship.

1015
00:46:03,694 --> 00:46:07,397
I actually believe much more
in the power of the marketplace.

1016
00:46:07,397 --> 00:46:09,233
This is Richard Edelman,

1017
00:46:09,233 --> 00:46:11,435
one the world's most influential
business gurus.

1018
00:46:11,435 --> 00:46:12,569
I think companies

1019
00:46:12,569 --> 00:46:14,138
actually have filled a void

1020
00:46:14,138 --> 00:46:15,739
left by government.

1021
00:46:15,739 --> 00:46:17,808
Business is at the top rank.

1022
00:46:17,808 --> 00:46:19,877
Government and media really are

1023
00:46:19,877 --> 00:46:21,712
at the back end
of the trust rank.

1024
00:46:23,113 --> 00:46:24,882
These are big changes

1025
00:46:24,882 --> 00:46:31,054
in reliability of business
as potential "good actor."

1026
00:46:31,054 --> 00:46:32,923
It's a brilliant strategy.

1027
00:46:32,923 --> 00:46:37,094
They're going to present
themselves as good actors,

1028
00:46:37,094 --> 00:46:39,096
and use that
as part of their image

1029
00:46:39,096 --> 00:46:40,731
and as part of their branding.

1030
00:46:43,066 --> 00:46:46,069
When we see a big corporation
doing something,

1031
00:46:46,069 --> 00:46:48,572
it creates a sense of hope

1032
00:46:48,572 --> 00:46:52,976
that maybe we can solve
the climate crisis,

1033
00:46:52,976 --> 00:46:54,778
or inequality,

1034
00:46:54,778 --> 00:46:57,714
or other kinds of problems.

1035
00:46:57,714 --> 00:46:59,316
We maybe even think
of their huge power

1036
00:46:59,316 --> 00:47:00,651
as being a plus,

1037
00:47:00,651 --> 00:47:03,086
because we know that
the scale of these challenges

1038
00:47:03,086 --> 00:47:04,154
are so big,

1039
00:47:04,154 --> 00:47:06,890
and we feel so powerless
and frustrated

1040
00:47:06,890 --> 00:47:09,393
about the ability
of our government systems

1041
00:47:09,393 --> 00:47:10,894
to actually solve them,

1042
00:47:10,894 --> 00:47:14,064
that we start to sort of
put our faith in corporations,

1043
00:47:14,064 --> 00:47:16,567
but of course,
in the process of doing that,

1044
00:47:16,567 --> 00:47:18,435
we're going further
down the path

1045
00:47:18,435 --> 00:47:19,736
that led us here.

1046
00:47:24,608 --> 00:47:26,043
I grew up in the 1950s,

1047
00:47:26,043 --> 00:47:27,311
and at that time,

1048
00:47:27,311 --> 00:47:30,113
there was a sense
that our society

1049
00:47:30,113 --> 00:47:33,750
would continually progress
towards greater equality

1050
00:47:33,750 --> 00:47:35,352
and greater opportunity,

1051
00:47:35,352 --> 00:47:37,387
that there would continue
to be social mobility

1052
00:47:37,387 --> 00:47:38,522
for those at the bottom.

1053
00:47:40,157 --> 00:47:43,727
The average pay for a CEO
in the 1950s

1054
00:47:43,727 --> 00:47:46,396
was 20 times that
of the average worker.

1055
00:47:46,396 --> 00:47:48,465
Today the average pay of a CEO

1056
00:47:48,465 --> 00:47:50,400
is 270 times

1057
00:47:50,400 --> 00:47:52,436
that of the average worker.

1058
00:47:52,436 --> 00:47:54,972
In some cases,
that gap is much greater.

1059
00:47:54,972 --> 00:47:56,907
For example,

1060
00:47:56,907 --> 00:47:59,710
Jamie Dimon makes more than
1,000 times the salary

1061
00:47:59,710 --> 00:48:02,312
of one of
his lowest-paid employees.

1062
00:48:02,312 --> 00:48:03,380
Mr. Dimon,

1063
00:48:03,380 --> 00:48:04,615
you're an expert
on financial statements,

1064
00:48:04,615 --> 00:48:07,718
and you run
a $2.6-trillion-dollar bank.

1065
00:48:07,718 --> 00:48:10,087
I went to Monster.com

1066
00:48:10,087 --> 00:48:11,822
and I found a job
in my hometown of Irvine

1067
00:48:11,822 --> 00:48:13,090
at JP Morgan Chase.

1068
00:48:13,090 --> 00:48:15,292
It pays $16.50 an hour...

1069
00:48:15,292 --> 00:48:17,961
This is
U.S. congresswoman Katie Porter

1070
00:48:17,961 --> 00:48:21,198
providing an example
of a hypothetical employee,

1071
00:48:21,198 --> 00:48:22,900
a single mother
working as a teller

1072
00:48:22,900 --> 00:48:24,468
at one of Jamie Dimon's banks.

1073
00:48:24,468 --> 00:48:26,570
... she rents
a one-bedroom apartment.

1074
00:48:26,570 --> 00:48:27,571
She and her daughter
sleep together

1075
00:48:27,571 --> 00:48:28,572
in the same room.

1076
00:48:28,572 --> 00:48:29,773
In Irvine, California,

1077
00:48:29,773 --> 00:48:30,874
that average
one-bedroom apartment

1078
00:48:30,874 --> 00:48:32,709
is going to be $1,600.

1079
00:48:32,709 --> 00:48:34,044
She spends $100 on utilities...

1080
00:48:34,044 --> 00:48:35,212
Congresswoman Porter

1081
00:48:35,212 --> 00:48:36,947
itemized typical monthly expenses,

1082
00:48:36,947 --> 00:48:40,918
and showed they greatly exceed
the employee's salary.

1083
00:48:40,918 --> 00:48:42,519
My question for you,
Mr. Dimon,

1084
00:48:42,519 --> 00:48:45,689
is how should she manage
this budget shortfall

1085
00:48:45,689 --> 00:48:49,559
while she is working full-time
at your bank?

1086
00:48:52,262 --> 00:48:56,400
I, uh, don't know that
all your numbers are accurate.

1087
00:48:56,400 --> 00:48:58,735
That number is a starter--
is generally a starter job.

1088
00:48:58,735 --> 00:49:00,003
She is a starting employee.

1089
00:49:00,003 --> 00:49:01,238
She has a six-year-old child.

1090
00:49:01,238 --> 00:49:03,273
This is her first job.

1091
00:49:03,273 --> 00:49:04,374
You can get those jobs
out of high school,

1092
00:49:04,374 --> 00:49:06,276
and she may have my job
one day.

1093
00:49:07,544 --> 00:49:08,712
But the widening gap

1094
00:49:08,712 --> 00:49:11,148
between CEOs
and their employees,

1095
00:49:11,148 --> 00:49:14,217
is just one symptom
of rising inequality

1096
00:49:14,217 --> 00:49:15,686
more generally.

1097
00:49:15,686 --> 00:49:17,387
Right now
in the United States,

1098
00:49:17,387 --> 00:49:19,556
the richest country
on the planet,

1099
00:49:19,556 --> 00:49:21,892
half of American families

1100
00:49:21,892 --> 00:49:24,194
couldn't pay a $400 bill

1101
00:49:24,194 --> 00:49:25,896
that landed on their doorstep

1102
00:49:25,896 --> 00:49:27,431
without going into debt

1103
00:49:27,431 --> 00:49:28,765
or selling something.

1104
00:49:28,765 --> 00:49:31,401
That's because
corporate executives

1105
00:49:31,401 --> 00:49:32,769
and corporate lobbyists

1106
00:49:32,769 --> 00:49:36,073
are constantly able
to change the rules of the game

1107
00:49:36,073 --> 00:49:38,308
in the favour of the people
who are already wealthy

1108
00:49:38,308 --> 00:49:40,444
and powerful,

1109
00:49:40,444 --> 00:49:43,513
making it harder
to form a union,

1110
00:49:43,513 --> 00:49:46,850
making it easier
for mega-corporations

1111
00:49:46,850 --> 00:49:49,920
to shut out competition
from smaller businesses,

1112
00:49:49,920 --> 00:49:51,722
slashing the taxes

1113
00:49:51,722 --> 00:49:53,890
on wealthy people
and corporations,

1114
00:49:53,890 --> 00:49:55,892
and shifting
more of the responsibility

1115
00:49:55,892 --> 00:49:58,061
on working-class people.

1116
00:49:59,229 --> 00:50:02,733
The result
is economic inequality.

1117
00:50:02,733 --> 00:50:05,235
It's a real moral outrage,

1118
00:50:05,235 --> 00:50:10,440
and it can't be dealt with
separate from race and gender.

1119
00:50:10,440 --> 00:50:12,943
We can't really deal with
these inequalities separately

1120
00:50:12,943 --> 00:50:15,045
because they're all
so interwoven.

1121
00:50:15,045 --> 00:50:16,613
The Black and brown people

1122
00:50:16,613 --> 00:50:18,548
who are impacted
by police brutality,

1123
00:50:18,548 --> 00:50:20,917
women who are impacted
by sexual harassment

1124
00:50:20,917 --> 00:50:21,885
in the workplace,

1125
00:50:21,885 --> 00:50:24,521
the enormous numbers of workers

1126
00:50:24,521 --> 00:50:27,391
who are struggling
with poverty and homelessness,

1127
00:50:27,391 --> 00:50:30,227
and all the degeneration
that we see under capitalism

1128
00:50:30,227 --> 00:50:31,895
for no fault of theirs.

1129
00:50:31,895 --> 00:50:34,731
We're talking about
a global economy

1130
00:50:34,731 --> 00:50:38,402
that, for all the wealth
that was generated last year,

1131
00:50:38,402 --> 00:50:41,171
a trillion dollars
of that new wealth

1132
00:50:41,171 --> 00:50:43,774
went to just 500 individuals.

1133
00:50:43,774 --> 00:50:45,208
I know you have a lot of--

1134
00:50:45,208 --> 00:50:46,543
I'd love to call her up

1135
00:50:46,543 --> 00:50:47,878
and have a conversation
about her financial affairs

1136
00:50:47,878 --> 00:50:49,946
and see if we can be helpful.

1137
00:50:49,946 --> 00:50:51,048
See if you can find a way

1138
00:50:51,048 --> 00:50:52,649
for her to live on less
than the minimum

1139
00:50:52,649 --> 00:50:54,217
that I've described?

1140
00:50:54,217 --> 00:50:55,218
Just be helpful.

1141
00:50:55,218 --> 00:50:58,388
The 1% and 0.01%

1142
00:50:58,388 --> 00:51:00,257
is a group of folks

1143
00:51:00,257 --> 00:51:01,725
who talk an extraordinary game,

1144
00:51:01,725 --> 00:51:03,727
and also act
an extraordinary game,

1145
00:51:03,727 --> 00:51:06,930
of trying to help out
in an age of inequality,

1146
00:51:06,930 --> 00:51:10,967
and who are willing to do
absolutely anything to help

1147
00:51:10,967 --> 00:51:13,904
except stepping off the backs

1148
00:51:13,904 --> 00:51:16,807
of the working people
of this country

1149
00:51:16,807 --> 00:51:18,041
who have been screwed

1150
00:51:18,041 --> 00:51:23,113
and, and, and passed over
by four decades worth of change.

1151
00:51:23,113 --> 00:51:24,214
There's a great quote

1152
00:51:24,214 --> 00:51:26,883
that was attributed
to Justice Brandeis

1153
00:51:26,883 --> 00:51:30,087
that said
you can have democracy,

1154
00:51:30,087 --> 00:51:32,389
or you can have
large accumulations of wealth,

1155
00:51:32,389 --> 00:51:33,890
but you can't have both.

1156
00:51:33,890 --> 00:51:37,727
That wealth gives them
a tremendous amount of power,

1157
00:51:37,727 --> 00:51:40,397
both in promoting
our political leaders,

1158
00:51:40,397 --> 00:51:42,599
in promoting
a legislative agenda,

1159
00:51:42,599 --> 00:51:44,935
in every aspect of our society.

1160
00:51:50,607 --> 00:51:51,975
If I want to run a campaign

1161
00:51:51,975 --> 00:51:53,777
that is entirely funded

1162
00:51:53,777 --> 00:51:56,046
by corporate political
action committees,

1163
00:51:56,046 --> 00:51:58,381
is there anything
that legally prevents me

1164
00:51:58,381 --> 00:51:59,382
from doing that?

1165
00:51:59,382 --> 00:52:01,051
No.

1166
00:52:01,051 --> 00:52:02,853
So now I'm elected,
now I'm in,

1167
00:52:02,853 --> 00:52:06,523
I've got the power to draft,
lobby, and shape the laws

1168
00:52:06,523 --> 00:52:09,259
that govern
the United States of America.

1169
00:52:09,259 --> 00:52:12,729
Are there any limits
on the laws that I can write

1170
00:52:12,729 --> 00:52:14,197
or influence?

1171
00:52:14,197 --> 00:52:15,065
There's no limit.

1172
00:52:15,065 --> 00:52:16,233
So there's none,

1173
00:52:16,233 --> 00:52:17,734
so I can be totally funded
by big pharma,

1174
00:52:17,734 --> 00:52:19,436
come in, write big pharma laws,

1175
00:52:19,436 --> 00:52:21,071
and there's no limits to that
whatsoever?

1176
00:52:21,071 --> 00:52:22,272
That's right.

1177
00:52:22,272 --> 00:52:23,940
Is there anything
preventing me

1178
00:52:23,940 --> 00:52:27,777
from holding stocks, say,
in an oil or gas company,

1179
00:52:27,777 --> 00:52:32,349
and then writing laws
to deregulate that industry

1180
00:52:32,349 --> 00:52:36,052
and potentially cause
the stock value to soar,

1181
00:52:36,052 --> 00:52:39,389
and accrue a lot of money
in that time?

1182
00:52:39,389 --> 00:52:41,224
-You could do that, yes.
-Oh, okay, great.

1183
00:52:41,224 --> 00:52:43,226
I think
we've seen the disappearance

1184
00:52:43,226 --> 00:52:44,961
of independent governments,

1185
00:52:44,961 --> 00:52:47,230
with the rise of corporate rule.

1186
00:52:47,230 --> 00:52:51,601
We have seen more and more
takeover of government,

1187
00:52:51,601 --> 00:52:53,570
takeover of electoral processes.

1188
00:52:53,570 --> 00:52:56,573
The problem is
a corporate system

1189
00:52:56,573 --> 00:52:57,807
and a political system,

1190
00:52:57,807 --> 00:53:01,511
where governments
see their main role

1191
00:53:01,511 --> 00:53:05,048
as facilitating
private corporations

1192
00:53:05,048 --> 00:53:07,717
to basically do
whatever the hell.

1193
00:53:07,717 --> 00:53:12,389
Nothing more
starkly illustrates this

1194
00:53:12,389 --> 00:53:15,525
than our Federal Treasurer
picking up a lump of coal

1195
00:53:15,525 --> 00:53:17,861
and carrying it
around Parliament House.

1196
00:53:17,861 --> 00:53:19,062
Mr. Speaker.

1197
00:53:19,062 --> 00:53:20,130
This is coal.

1198
00:53:20,130 --> 00:53:21,898
Don't be afraid,
don't be scared.

1199
00:53:21,898 --> 00:53:24,768
The Treasurer
knows the rule on props!

1200
00:53:24,768 --> 00:53:26,069
It's coal.

1201
00:53:26,069 --> 00:53:27,470
Mr. Speaker, those opposite

1202
00:53:27,470 --> 00:53:31,541
have an ideological,
pathological fear of coal.

1203
00:53:31,541 --> 00:53:33,710
Affordable energy

1204
00:53:33,710 --> 00:53:36,146
is what
Australian businesses need

1205
00:53:36,146 --> 00:53:38,048
to remain competitive.

1206
00:53:38,048 --> 00:53:40,050
This is Scott Morrison.

1207
00:53:40,050 --> 00:53:41,384
He later became
Prime Minister.

1208
00:53:42,686 --> 00:53:45,055
He heads a group
of high-level politicians

1209
00:53:45,055 --> 00:53:47,958
with deep ties
to the major coal companies.

1210
00:53:47,958 --> 00:53:50,727
Take note of this one-- Adani.

1211
00:53:50,727 --> 00:53:52,762
We'll return to it later.

1212
00:53:54,030 --> 00:53:55,465
What's happening in Australia

1213
00:53:55,465 --> 00:53:58,902
is just one part
of a larger global story.

1214
00:53:58,902 --> 00:54:02,505
It's become accepted
that corporations are in charge.

1215
00:54:03,640 --> 00:54:06,610
Governments are incredibly subservient

1216
00:54:06,610 --> 00:54:08,845
to corporate rule.

1217
00:54:10,380 --> 00:54:11,781
In the United States,

1218
00:54:11,781 --> 00:54:14,251
we've seen,
under the Trump administration,

1219
00:54:14,251 --> 00:54:17,053
the wholesale corporate takeover
of government

1220
00:54:17,053 --> 00:54:19,723
on a scale
with no historic precedent.

1221
00:54:21,224 --> 00:54:24,194
It's beyond the wildest dreams
of the corporate sector,

1222
00:54:24,194 --> 00:54:26,896
especially in the area of deregulation.

1223
00:54:30,166 --> 00:54:32,736
I pledged to eliminate

1224
00:54:32,736 --> 00:54:35,238
two unnecessary regulations

1225
00:54:35,238 --> 00:54:38,275
for every one new regulation.

1226
00:54:38,275 --> 00:54:43,046
We have succeeded
beyond our highest expectations.

1227
00:54:43,046 --> 00:54:46,249
Instead of two for one...

1228
00:54:46,249 --> 00:54:50,987
we have cut
22 burdensome regulations

1229
00:54:50,987 --> 00:54:54,391
for every one new rule.

1230
00:54:54,391 --> 00:54:59,396
I'm willing to bet
that those are made-up numbers.

1231
00:54:59,396 --> 00:55:02,065
But the issue in regulation
or deregulation

1232
00:55:02,065 --> 00:55:03,733
is not the number.

1233
00:55:03,733 --> 00:55:05,135
I mean,
that's really absurd.

1234
00:55:05,135 --> 00:55:06,569
What you want to know
is, you know,

1235
00:55:06,569 --> 00:55:09,406
do you want to have
another financial crisis?

1236
00:55:09,406 --> 00:55:10,874
Well, if you do,

1237
00:55:10,874 --> 00:55:14,044
let's get rid
of the financial regulations.

1238
00:55:15,445 --> 00:55:17,981
Corporations have said, repeatedly,

1239
00:55:17,981 --> 00:55:19,883
"We are responsible now,

1240
00:55:19,883 --> 00:55:22,552
we understand
the public interest,

1241
00:55:22,552 --> 00:55:24,487
so we don't have
to be regulated,

1242
00:55:24,487 --> 00:55:25,722
we can self-regulate."

1243
00:55:25,722 --> 00:55:27,891
Well, they've got obvious
self-interest in saying that.

1244
00:55:27,891 --> 00:55:29,359
The reason
they can't self-regulate

1245
00:55:29,359 --> 00:55:31,361
is that that's not
what they're about.

1246
00:55:31,361 --> 00:55:34,230
They're about trying
to make profit.

1247
00:55:34,230 --> 00:55:35,231
Routinely,

1248
00:55:35,231 --> 00:55:36,966
when government
regulation fails,

1249
00:55:36,966 --> 00:55:38,735
companies in the pursuit of profit

1250
00:55:38,735 --> 00:55:40,236
endanger people,

1251
00:55:40,236 --> 00:55:41,571
and that's not
a hypothetical.

1252
00:55:41,571 --> 00:55:42,906
It means people get poisoned,

1253
00:55:42,906 --> 00:55:44,841
they get diseases,
they get sick.

1254
00:55:44,841 --> 00:55:46,209
Corners will be cut,

1255
00:55:46,209 --> 00:55:48,511
and people will be injured,
and people will be killed.

1256
00:55:48,511 --> 00:55:51,781
We see it
over and over again.

1257
00:57:01,551 --> 00:57:04,888
Every industry
has fought regulation.

1258
00:57:04,888 --> 00:57:07,624
They all resist oversight
by the government

1259
00:57:07,624 --> 00:57:10,393
because regulation increases
their cost of operating,

1260
00:57:10,393 --> 00:57:12,395
but I've never seen
an industry that's fought it

1261
00:57:12,395 --> 00:57:14,964
more than
the oil and gas industry...

1262
00:57:21,070 --> 00:57:22,439
Remember this?

1263
00:57:22,439 --> 00:57:26,376
This, too, was a consequence
of deregulation.

1264
00:57:43,193 --> 00:57:44,427
As a result

1265
00:57:44,427 --> 00:57:47,430
of the Deepwater Horizon
catastrophe,

1266
00:57:47,430 --> 00:57:49,899
nearly 200 million gallons
of crude oil

1267
00:57:49,899 --> 00:57:52,235
spilled into
the Gulf of Mexico,

1268
00:57:52,235 --> 00:57:53,570
making it one of the worst

1269
00:57:53,570 --> 00:57:55,839
environmental and deregulation disasters

1270
00:57:55,839 --> 00:57:57,874
in history.

1271
00:57:58,942 --> 00:58:02,378
But deregulation
wasn't the only problem.

1272
00:58:02,378 --> 00:58:05,715
BP was also
recklessly breaking the law.

1273
00:58:07,884 --> 00:58:11,254
And they're not alone
in being corporate lawbreakers.

1274
00:58:34,110 --> 00:58:36,613
Corporations will certainly do things

1275
00:58:36,613 --> 00:58:39,649
that are wrong,
that are unethical,

1276
00:58:39,649 --> 00:58:41,384
if they're legal
and permissible.

1277
00:58:41,384 --> 00:58:43,386
And all the empirical evidence

1278
00:58:43,386 --> 00:58:46,222
says that they will also
violate the law routinely,

1279
00:58:46,222 --> 00:58:47,557
either intentionally

1280
00:58:47,557 --> 00:58:49,225
or because they'll just
go over the lines,

1281
00:58:49,225 --> 00:58:51,561
if there's profits to be made.

1282
00:58:52,629 --> 00:58:55,431
This opioid crisis is a killer,

1283
00:58:55,431 --> 00:58:59,569
and it's a killer
that does not discriminate.

1284
00:59:12,715 --> 00:59:14,384
Lives are being destroyed

1285
00:59:14,384 --> 00:59:17,253
as corporations profit
from their playbook moves...

1286
00:59:20,490 --> 00:59:22,425
...as they play to win.

1287
00:59:23,560 --> 00:59:26,729
These corporate
forces have no limits

1288
00:59:26,729 --> 00:59:29,933
and these forces have...

1289
00:59:29,933 --> 00:59:33,803
put the very human species
itself at risk.

1290
00:59:54,624 --> 00:59:57,894
The giant
ecocidal corporations--

1291
00:59:57,894 --> 01:00:01,197
they're literally playing casino
with life on Earth.

1292
01:00:02,231 --> 01:00:04,167
Their logic of profits,

1293
01:00:04,167 --> 01:00:07,403
their process of profits

1294
01:00:07,403 --> 01:00:08,571
is the death of nature.

1295
01:00:10,773 --> 01:00:12,475
Whenever you mess with nature,

1296
01:00:12,475 --> 01:00:15,378
you don't know for sure
what the exact impact will be.

1297
01:00:15,378 --> 01:00:16,713
We chop down forests,

1298
01:00:16,713 --> 01:00:18,214
we bring livestock
into new regions,

1299
01:00:18,214 --> 01:00:20,083
and we spread
these new diseases.

1300
01:00:20,083 --> 01:00:22,051
We're at the source
of this problem.

1301
01:00:22,051 --> 01:00:23,386
The major cities
all around the world

1302
01:00:23,386 --> 01:00:25,922
are vulnerable to a disease
arriving in the city

1303
01:00:25,922 --> 01:00:27,657
and then causing
a major epidemic.

1304
01:00:27,657 --> 01:00:30,560
Again, we're seeing that
more and more.

1305
01:00:30,560 --> 01:00:33,896
The rate at which
new disease epidemics

1306
01:00:33,896 --> 01:00:35,131
are originating,

1307
01:00:35,131 --> 01:00:38,835
many of them moving
from forests and wild species

1308
01:00:38,835 --> 01:00:40,069
to humans,

1309
01:00:40,069 --> 01:00:42,338
is partly because of

1310
01:00:42,338 --> 01:00:45,375
corporate invasions
into ecosystems

1311
01:00:45,375 --> 01:00:47,543
and violence to animals.

1312
01:00:47,543 --> 01:00:49,712
The attack on other species

1313
01:00:49,712 --> 01:00:52,515
is bouncing back
as an attack on us.

1314
01:00:56,719 --> 01:00:59,489
All of Italy
is now effectively a red zone.

1315
01:00:59,489 --> 01:01:01,924
Warnings from Sao Paulo are dire.

1316
01:01:01,924 --> 01:01:03,059
In the United States,

1317
01:01:03,059 --> 01:01:05,895
disaster's been declared
in all 50 states.

1318
01:01:07,230 --> 01:01:08,698
When the coronavirus hit

1319
01:01:08,698 --> 01:01:10,566
in the spring of 2020,

1320
01:01:10,566 --> 01:01:11,901
it laid bare

1321
01:01:11,901 --> 01:01:14,103
the unjust and dangerous
faultlines

1322
01:01:14,103 --> 01:01:16,139
of corporate capitalism.

1323
01:01:16,139 --> 01:01:17,240
African-Americans

1324
01:01:20,510 --> 01:01:22,912
have been hit hardest
by the virus.

1325
01:01:23,946 --> 01:01:27,583
Despite for accounting for
14% of Michigan's population,

1326
01:01:27,583 --> 01:01:31,020
they represent 41%
of its COVID victims,

1327
01:01:34,624 --> 01:01:37,360
I'm praying
that's it's not...

1328
01:01:37,360 --> 01:01:40,697
I haven't been in contact
with nobody that has it.

1329
01:01:42,465 --> 01:01:43,733
We got a possible COVID,

1330
01:01:43,733 --> 01:01:44,901
52-year-old male.

1331
01:01:44,901 --> 01:01:46,069
10 minutes out.

1332
01:01:46,069 --> 01:01:48,604
I'll be honest with you,
I can barely keep track.

1333
01:01:54,610 --> 01:01:55,878
This is the culmination

1334
01:01:55,878 --> 01:01:59,048
of decades
of tilting policy,

1335
01:01:59,048 --> 01:02:00,683
tilting public resources

1336
01:02:00,683 --> 01:02:02,685
in favour of
the biggest corporations.

1337
01:02:04,220 --> 01:02:07,090
Fewer hospitals,
fewer hospital beds,

1338
01:02:07,090 --> 01:02:09,726
less capacity to be able
to be able to respond

1339
01:02:09,726 --> 01:02:12,395
in an emergency like this.

1340
01:02:26,876 --> 01:02:30,880
Other systems are also
breaking down right now.

1341
01:02:30,880 --> 01:02:32,381
Essential workers,

1342
01:02:32,381 --> 01:02:33,716
people who are on the frontlines

1343
01:02:33,716 --> 01:02:36,219
of getting our groceries
to us,

1344
01:02:36,219 --> 01:02:37,987
are really putting
their lives on the line

1345
01:02:37,987 --> 01:02:39,922
without any kind of real backing

1346
01:02:39,922 --> 01:02:42,892
from the companies
that employ them.

1347
01:02:42,892 --> 01:02:45,261
This is partly the product

1348
01:02:45,261 --> 01:02:47,096
of the absence
of labour protections,

1349
01:02:47,096 --> 01:02:49,232
unions, and so on.

1350
01:02:51,100 --> 01:02:53,803
What we're seeing
is a continuation

1351
01:02:53,803 --> 01:02:58,141
of the ways that corporations
have undermined

1352
01:02:58,141 --> 01:02:59,876
ordinary people's ability

1353
01:02:59,876 --> 01:03:02,945
to have any say
over their lives.

1354
01:03:02,945 --> 01:03:06,415
This is actually not a crisis
full of novelties,

1355
01:03:06,415 --> 01:03:08,551
it's a crisis
full of revelation.

1356
01:03:08,551 --> 01:03:12,054
For example,
the same exact dynamic

1357
01:03:12,054 --> 01:03:15,358
of the 2008 financial crisis
bailout,

1358
01:03:15,358 --> 01:03:17,593
where the most powerful
gained power

1359
01:03:17,593 --> 01:03:20,363
as a net result
of those bailouts,

1360
01:03:20,363 --> 01:03:22,298
that is literally happening
again-- maybe worse.

1361
01:03:24,600 --> 01:03:26,602
As ordinary people
suffered

1362
01:03:26,602 --> 01:03:29,238
the despair and harsh effects
of economic breakdown,

1363
01:03:29,238 --> 01:03:32,108
giant corporations
were thrown a lifeline.

1364
01:03:32,108 --> 01:03:34,043
Madame President,
I have an update.

1365
01:03:34,043 --> 01:03:37,547
At last, we have a deal.

1366
01:03:37,547 --> 01:03:40,817
What did
the Senate Majority fight for?

1367
01:03:40,817 --> 01:03:42,418
One of the largest
corporate bailouts,

1368
01:03:42,418 --> 01:03:44,353
with as few strings
as possible,

1369
01:03:44,353 --> 01:03:46,556
in American history.

1370
01:03:46,556 --> 01:03:47,723
Shameful!

1371
01:03:47,723 --> 01:03:51,127
The greed of that fight
is wrong,

1372
01:03:51,127 --> 01:03:53,429
for crumbs
for our families,

1373
01:03:53,429 --> 01:03:55,064
and the option that we have

1374
01:03:55,064 --> 01:03:58,267
is to either let them suffer
with nothing

1375
01:03:58,267 --> 01:04:01,637
or to allow this greed
and billions of dollars,

1376
01:04:01,637 --> 01:04:03,906
which will be leveraged
into trillions of dollars,

1377
01:04:03,906 --> 01:04:04,841
to contribute

1378
01:04:04,841 --> 01:04:06,709
to the largest income
inequality gap

1379
01:04:06,709 --> 01:04:08,444
in our future.

1380
01:04:09,512 --> 01:04:10,713
Once again,

1381
01:04:10,713 --> 01:04:13,382
the very wealthy
big corporations

1382
01:04:13,382 --> 01:04:14,917
did extraordinarily well.

1383
01:04:14,917 --> 01:04:15,985
Over the last year and a half,

1384
01:04:15,985 --> 01:04:18,354
they've spent
over a trillion dollars

1385
01:04:18,354 --> 01:04:20,389
buying back their shares
of stock

1386
01:04:20,389 --> 01:04:23,559
to artificially boost
their share prices,

1387
01:04:23,559 --> 01:04:26,229
so that the top executives
and major investors

1388
01:04:26,229 --> 01:04:27,563
would benefit.

1389
01:04:27,563 --> 01:04:29,398
They could've used
that trillion dollars

1390
01:04:29,398 --> 01:04:32,101
as a cushion
against the big rainy day,

1391
01:04:32,101 --> 01:04:33,502
the storm
that we now have.

1392
01:04:33,502 --> 01:04:34,737
They didn't.

1393
01:04:34,737 --> 01:04:36,806
Instead,
they got bailed out!

1394
01:04:36,806 --> 01:04:41,210
It's socialism for the rich,
corporate socialism,

1395
01:04:41,210 --> 01:04:43,846
but also the harshest
form of capitalism

1396
01:04:43,846 --> 01:04:47,850
for most working people
and the poor.

1397
01:04:47,850 --> 01:04:50,553
The crisis is highlighting

1398
01:04:50,553 --> 01:04:53,089
that we're absolutely unprepared

1399
01:04:53,089 --> 01:04:54,557
to deal with disasters

1400
01:04:54,557 --> 01:04:56,459
like what we're facing
right now,

1401
01:04:56,459 --> 01:05:00,863
and we also have this other,
even bigger looming crisis,

1402
01:05:00,863 --> 01:05:02,732
which is
the climate catastrophe.

1403
01:05:02,732 --> 01:05:04,734
That's not going anywhere.

1404
01:05:10,273 --> 01:05:13,175
It's no exaggeration to say

1405
01:05:13,175 --> 01:05:17,213
that the greed economy
is killing us.

1406
01:05:17,213 --> 01:05:19,782
It's killing off species.

1407
01:05:19,782 --> 01:05:23,419
It's depleting
our natural resources.

1408
01:05:23,419 --> 01:05:26,422
It's poisoning our people.

1409
01:05:27,657 --> 01:05:29,392
A handful of corporations

1410
01:05:29,392 --> 01:05:33,195
are allowed to put
next quarter's profits

1411
01:05:33,195 --> 01:05:35,564
ahead of
the next generation.

1412
01:05:36,732 --> 01:05:38,134
When our children
and grandchildren

1413
01:05:38,134 --> 01:05:40,469
look back in the history books

1414
01:05:40,469 --> 01:05:41,737
and ask the question,

1415
01:05:41,737 --> 01:05:47,643
"Why didn't we stop
the crisis of climate change?"

1416
01:05:47,643 --> 01:05:50,279
The only answer
we'll have for them

1417
01:05:50,279 --> 01:05:53,382
is that it was profitable
for a handful of corporations

1418
01:05:53,382 --> 01:05:55,885
to keep polluting
our planet.

1419
01:05:58,220 --> 01:06:00,923
The changes
that we fear are coming faster

1420
01:06:00,923 --> 01:06:02,425
than anybody thought.

1421
01:06:02,425 --> 01:06:03,960
The impacts from them

1422
01:06:03,960 --> 01:06:06,729
are going to be far worse
than we thought.

1423
01:06:08,297 --> 01:06:10,333
It's also going to change

1424
01:06:10,333 --> 01:06:13,903
the entire global dynamic
around equality.

1425
01:06:13,903 --> 01:06:16,105
The world
is going to divide in ways

1426
01:06:16,105 --> 01:06:19,608
that we have
a difficult time imagining now.

1427
01:06:19,608 --> 01:06:21,143
We're headed for a world

1428
01:06:21,143 --> 01:06:24,280
that sees a protected,
privileged few

1429
01:06:24,280 --> 01:06:26,749
surrounded by
an immensely impoverished

1430
01:06:26,749 --> 01:06:30,186
majority of
the global population.

1431
01:06:31,253 --> 01:06:33,255
With the impacts
of climate change

1432
01:06:33,255 --> 01:06:34,724
now in plain view,

1433
01:06:34,724 --> 01:06:35,925
fossil-fuel companies

1434
01:06:35,925 --> 01:06:39,195
have stopped actively denying
that's it's happening.

1435
01:06:40,529 --> 01:06:42,264
They've discovered

1436
01:06:42,264 --> 01:06:43,966
that a better strategy
for them now

1437
01:06:43,966 --> 01:06:46,902
in the age of
active climate breakdown,

1438
01:06:46,902 --> 01:06:48,404
is to charm us all

1439
01:06:48,404 --> 01:06:52,308
into believing that
they're part of the solution,

1440
01:06:52,308 --> 01:06:55,378
saying, "Okay, we're going
to invest in renewables,

1441
01:06:55,378 --> 01:06:56,946
but meanwhile,

1442
01:06:56,946 --> 01:06:59,615
we have to keep using
fossil fuels for a long time,

1443
01:06:59,615 --> 01:07:02,251
so, you know, we can use
lighter fuels, like natural gas,

1444
01:07:02,251 --> 01:07:04,053
but we have to be realistic."

1445
01:07:04,053 --> 01:07:05,888
It is impossible--

1446
01:07:05,888 --> 01:07:07,056
impossible--

1447
01:07:07,056 --> 01:07:10,960
to displace carbon fully
for a very long time.

1448
01:07:10,960 --> 01:07:15,398
Gas is a very good
carbon fuel.

1449
01:07:16,732 --> 01:07:17,900
You have to see this

1450
01:07:17,900 --> 01:07:19,101
as one more arrow

1451
01:07:19,101 --> 01:07:21,837
in the large quiver
of delay tactics

1452
01:07:21,837 --> 01:07:23,572
and ways to preserve

1453
01:07:23,572 --> 01:07:25,441
what's really the core
of their business,

1454
01:07:25,441 --> 01:07:28,644
not the core of
the best interest of society.

1455
01:07:28,644 --> 01:07:29,712
We need to transition

1456
01:07:29,712 --> 01:07:32,214
to the cleanest form
of carbon-free energy

1457
01:07:32,214 --> 01:07:33,582
as quickly as possible.

1458
01:07:33,582 --> 01:07:35,217
If we were to do this
by tomorrow,

1459
01:07:35,217 --> 01:07:36,852
it wouldn't be fast enough.

1460
01:07:36,852 --> 01:07:38,554
I mean,
we'd just be stupid,

1461
01:07:38,554 --> 01:07:41,557
if we looked to the coal and gas
and oil industry

1462
01:07:41,557 --> 01:07:43,292
for a clean-energy future.

1463
01:07:43,292 --> 01:07:44,760
That's not what they do.

1464
01:07:44,760 --> 01:07:46,595
They have a business model.

1465
01:07:46,595 --> 01:07:48,230
They're going to pursue
that business model

1466
01:07:48,230 --> 01:07:49,899
until the end of time,

1467
01:07:49,899 --> 01:07:51,067
and they may do that

1468
01:07:51,067 --> 01:07:52,902
if we're not able
to control them.

1469
01:07:52,902 --> 01:07:54,570
The fossil-fuel industry

1470
01:07:54,570 --> 01:07:57,973
actually doesn't plan
to stop increasing production

1471
01:07:57,973 --> 01:07:59,708
and increasing extraction

1472
01:07:59,708 --> 01:08:01,210
anytime soon.

1473
01:08:01,210 --> 01:08:02,878
In fact,
they're doubling down on it.

1474
01:08:02,878 --> 01:08:07,249
Their goal is to extract
as much as possible

1475
01:08:07,249 --> 01:08:11,253
before it becomes
just completely unviable

1476
01:08:11,253 --> 01:08:12,254
for them to do so.

1477
01:08:14,423 --> 01:08:16,559
The fossil-fuel industry

1478
01:08:16,559 --> 01:08:18,594
is ramping up
new mega-projects.

1479
01:08:19,595 --> 01:08:21,764
Some companies
are pursuing profits

1480
01:08:21,764 --> 01:08:24,266
from even the dirtiest fuels.

1481
01:08:25,334 --> 01:08:27,169
Like Adani.

1482
01:08:27,169 --> 01:08:29,238
Around 2011,

1483
01:08:29,238 --> 01:08:32,374
there were plans
for nine new coal export ports

1484
01:08:32,374 --> 01:08:35,544
up and down
the Great Barrier Reef Coast.

1485
01:08:35,544 --> 01:08:37,813
Adani's proposed Carmichael Mine

1486
01:08:37,813 --> 01:08:41,884
would be a 60-million-ton-a-year
thermal coal mine

1487
01:08:41,884 --> 01:08:43,552
in the middle
of the Galilee Basin.

1488
01:08:45,488 --> 01:08:47,556
It's the largest new proposed

1489
01:08:47,556 --> 01:08:49,592
coal project
in the world.

1490
01:08:49,592 --> 01:08:52,561
40 kilometres by 13 kilometres,

1491
01:08:52,561 --> 01:08:55,598
entirely encompassed

1492
01:08:55,598 --> 01:08:57,733
within Wangan
and Jagalingou country.

1493
01:08:59,235 --> 01:09:00,736
It is on the doorstep

1494
01:09:00,736 --> 01:09:02,805
of the Great Barrier Reef,

1495
01:09:02,805 --> 01:09:06,542
an already very stressed
and vulnerable ecosystem,

1496
01:09:06,542 --> 01:09:07,943
and what we're gonna see

1497
01:09:07,943 --> 01:09:09,345
is 500 more coal ships

1498
01:09:09,345 --> 01:09:10,713
every year,

1499
01:09:10,713 --> 01:09:13,582
trudging through
a stressed reef

1500
01:09:13,582 --> 01:09:15,384
that, what scientists
are telling us,

1501
01:09:15,384 --> 01:09:17,253
is already half-dead.

1502
01:09:17,253 --> 01:09:20,890
The Adani Carmichael Mine
would drive global warming,

1503
01:09:20,890 --> 01:09:24,260
it would destroy habitat
for endangered species,

1504
01:09:24,260 --> 01:09:27,229
it would destroy groundwater,

1505
01:09:27,229 --> 01:09:30,065
and it would disenfranchise
Wangan and Jagalingou,

1506
01:09:30,065 --> 01:09:32,568
traditional owners
of that country.

1507
01:09:32,568 --> 01:09:34,236
Wangan and Jagalingou,

1508
01:09:34,236 --> 01:09:36,672
we're a problem for Adani,

1509
01:09:36,672 --> 01:09:39,041
so they're gonna do
whatever they can

1510
01:09:39,041 --> 01:09:41,610
to try and get rid
of that problem.

1511
01:09:44,046 --> 01:09:46,448
We know that the mechanisms
of the state

1512
01:09:46,448 --> 01:09:49,151
line-up to work for mining
companies and corporations,

1513
01:09:49,151 --> 01:09:53,389
essentially to roll over
aboriginal people,

1514
01:09:53,389 --> 01:09:55,424
to get past us.

1515
01:09:57,927 --> 01:09:59,929
The government and the state

1516
01:09:59,929 --> 01:10:01,797
and the corporations

1517
01:10:01,797 --> 01:10:03,566
devise ways, saying,

1518
01:10:03,566 --> 01:10:04,633
"Oh, we want
to put this mine in,

1519
01:10:04,633 --> 01:10:05,634
we just want to do it,

1520
01:10:05,634 --> 01:10:07,236
we just want to put
this pipeline in,"

1521
01:10:07,236 --> 01:10:09,338
and "oh, these people
are in our way,

1522
01:10:09,338 --> 01:10:10,806
we need to remove them."

1523
01:10:15,211 --> 01:10:16,779
You know,
they use their security,

1524
01:10:16,779 --> 01:10:18,380
they use our own aboriginal
police against us,

1525
01:10:18,380 --> 01:10:20,883
they use every means they can.

1526
01:10:22,551 --> 01:10:23,886
To indigenous people,

1527
01:10:23,886 --> 01:10:26,589
it is clearly
a life-and-death struggle.

1528
01:10:26,589 --> 01:10:31,360
That's what you're witnessing
happening around the world--

1529
01:10:31,360 --> 01:10:33,762
this destructive
corporate agenda

1530
01:10:33,762 --> 01:10:37,066
that is completely
out of control.

1531
01:11:03,592 --> 01:11:06,895
When a society
begins to understand

1532
01:11:06,895 --> 01:11:09,465
that that good job that they had
or their parents had

1533
01:11:09,465 --> 01:11:11,667
is never coming back,

1534
01:11:11,667 --> 01:11:15,237
that they are going to be
working 70 hours a week,

1535
01:11:15,237 --> 01:11:18,540
and still be consumed
by crippling debt peonage...

1536
01:11:18,540 --> 01:11:20,709
that all of their dreams

1537
01:11:20,709 --> 01:11:24,046
that Oprah
and everyone else has told them

1538
01:11:24,046 --> 01:11:25,781
can come to fruition

1539
01:11:25,781 --> 01:11:27,016
are never going to arrive...

1540
01:11:27,016 --> 01:11:30,886
and they scream for vengeance
and moral renewal,

1541
01:11:30,886 --> 01:11:32,888
and they look

1542
01:11:32,888 --> 01:11:34,423
for the internal enemies
that have thwarted

1543
01:11:34,423 --> 01:11:36,058
the possibility

1544
01:11:36,058 --> 01:11:37,559
of their own aggrandizement.

1545
01:11:37,559 --> 01:11:39,595
So then
you turn on the vulnerable.

1546
01:11:39,595 --> 01:11:41,597
You turn on Muslims,

1547
01:11:41,597 --> 01:11:44,967
undocumented workers,
homosexuals,

1548
01:11:44,967 --> 01:11:47,269
feminists, intellectuals,
liberals...

1549
01:11:49,104 --> 01:11:50,172
...all of those forces

1550
01:11:50,172 --> 01:11:53,542
that you are told have thwarted

1551
01:11:53,542 --> 01:11:56,712
the possibilities
that were your "right" to have.

1552
01:11:58,113 --> 01:12:02,184
What you see
is a frustration

1553
01:12:02,184 --> 01:12:06,555
that grew out of
economic disempowerment,

1554
01:12:06,555 --> 01:12:09,091
turning into
a new wave of hate.

1555
01:12:09,091 --> 01:12:10,392
There's no question

1556
01:12:10,392 --> 01:12:12,227
that a lot of people
around the world

1557
01:12:12,227 --> 01:12:14,229
have a feeling
that we've lived in this age

1558
01:12:14,229 --> 01:12:16,699
that is incredibly abundant
in innovation

1559
01:12:16,699 --> 01:12:18,100
but short on progress,

1560
01:12:18,100 --> 01:12:20,102
if progress means most people's
lives getting better.

1561
01:12:20,102 --> 01:12:22,738
I'm right-wing
and I'm proud of it!

1562
01:12:23,906 --> 01:12:25,474
It's only a matter of time

1563
01:12:25,474 --> 01:12:31,714
before people want
to shatter the system.

1564
01:12:35,217 --> 01:12:36,885
There's no guarantee

1565
01:12:36,885 --> 01:12:38,854
when people rise up
to shatter a system,

1566
01:12:38,854 --> 01:12:41,223
whether you get Medicare for all

1567
01:12:41,223 --> 01:12:44,293
or a wall
on the Southern border.

1568
01:12:50,265 --> 01:12:53,469
Build the wall!
Build the wall!

1569
01:12:53,469 --> 01:12:55,337
It's akin
to the fascist movements

1570
01:12:55,337 --> 01:12:57,740
of the 1920 and '30s,

1571
01:12:57,740 --> 01:13:02,444
where the alienated
can feel a sense of empowerment

1572
01:13:02,444 --> 01:13:05,047
by identifying
with "the great leader,"

1573
01:13:05,047 --> 01:13:07,049
often in these big rallies.

1574
01:13:12,054 --> 01:13:15,691
But it really is
like snapshots out of the 1930s,

1575
01:13:15,691 --> 01:13:16,859
this kind of politics

1576
01:13:16,859 --> 01:13:20,229
of hatred and reaction
and division.

1577
01:13:23,399 --> 01:13:27,403
Donald Trump
wasn't the problem.

1578
01:13:27,403 --> 01:13:28,937
Donald Trump was

1579
01:13:28,937 --> 01:13:31,073
the symptom of the problem.

1580
01:13:31,073 --> 01:13:32,341
The problem

1581
01:13:32,341 --> 01:13:36,345
is a breakdown
in the social cohesion

1582
01:13:36,345 --> 01:13:40,883
that makes democracy
and civil society possible.

1583
01:13:44,353 --> 01:13:47,322
And that breakdown
in social cohesion

1584
01:13:47,322 --> 01:13:48,724
in turn was created

1585
01:13:48,724 --> 01:13:52,628
by 40 years
of rising economic inequality,

1586
01:13:52,628 --> 01:13:55,798
by the evisceration
of the middle class.

1587
01:13:57,433 --> 01:14:00,102
Collectively,
the nation lashed out

1588
01:14:00,102 --> 01:14:03,272
by electing the candidate
who was lashing out, too.

1589
01:14:03,272 --> 01:14:04,573
Fuck you!

1590
01:14:04,573 --> 01:14:07,609
Go fucking make my tortilla,
motherfucker!

1591
01:14:07,609 --> 01:14:11,046
And build that fuckin' wall,
for me!

1592
01:14:11,046 --> 01:14:12,781
Trump!

1593
01:14:12,781 --> 01:14:17,219
This angry right-wing eruption

1594
01:14:17,219 --> 01:14:19,721
completely agreed

1595
01:14:19,721 --> 01:14:21,723
with the free market
fundamentalism

1596
01:14:21,723 --> 01:14:22,891
of this new order,

1597
01:14:22,891 --> 01:14:24,860
and represented themselves

1598
01:14:24,860 --> 01:14:26,261
as a people

1599
01:14:26,261 --> 01:14:29,431
whose whiteness,
whose traditional values,

1600
01:14:29,431 --> 01:14:32,267
whose Christianity,
whose nativism

1601
01:14:32,267 --> 01:14:36,438
should be at the heart
of the country's concerns.

1602
01:14:36,438 --> 01:14:38,106
Let them call you "racist."

1603
01:14:39,775 --> 01:14:41,343
Let them
call you "xenophobes..."

1604
01:14:42,945 --> 01:14:44,446
Let them call you "nativist."

1605
01:14:45,981 --> 01:14:48,550
Wear it as a badge of honour,

1606
01:14:48,550 --> 01:14:50,219
because every day,

1607
01:14:50,219 --> 01:14:54,323
we get stronger
and they get weaker.

1608
01:14:54,323 --> 01:14:55,557
Parts of the population

1609
01:14:55,557 --> 01:14:57,459
are actually leaning
toward "strongmen"--

1610
01:14:57,459 --> 01:14:59,094
Donald Trump.

1611
01:14:59,094 --> 01:15:00,863
a large part
of the Turkish population

1612
01:15:00,863 --> 01:15:02,397
is supporting Erdogan,

1613
01:15:02,397 --> 01:15:04,933
or we're seeing it
in Hungary with Orban.

1614
01:15:04,933 --> 01:15:07,736
We are proud to stand together
with United States

1615
01:15:07,736 --> 01:15:09,805
on fighting
against illegal migration,

1616
01:15:09,805 --> 01:15:12,207
on terrorism,

1617
01:15:12,207 --> 01:15:14,376
and to protect and, um,

1618
01:15:14,376 --> 01:15:17,346
help the Christian communities
all around the world.

1619
01:15:17,346 --> 01:15:19,548
All of these right-wing regimes

1620
01:15:19,548 --> 01:15:22,251
represent a continuation
of privatization,

1621
01:15:22,251 --> 01:15:24,586
of the destruction of welfare,

1622
01:15:24,586 --> 01:15:27,256
undermining labour unions,
et cetera.

1623
01:15:27,256 --> 01:15:29,892
Unchained by the kinds
of restrictions

1624
01:15:29,892 --> 01:15:31,894
that workers' rights posed,

1625
01:15:31,894 --> 01:15:33,929
or that environmental
protections posed,

1626
01:15:33,929 --> 01:15:38,133
or that even structures for
providing for the poor posed.

1627
01:15:38,133 --> 01:15:42,571
So now, corporations
have freer reign.

1628
01:15:42,571 --> 01:15:44,740
Money has replaced the vote.

1629
01:15:44,740 --> 01:15:49,545
America is dominated by
a system of legalized bribery.

1630
01:15:49,545 --> 01:15:51,613
Our three branches
of government

1631
01:15:51,613 --> 01:15:54,216
are wholly captive
to corporate power.

1632
01:15:54,216 --> 01:15:55,918
So you have corporate forces

1633
01:15:55,918 --> 01:15:59,555
that purport to pay fealty
to electoral politics,

1634
01:15:59,555 --> 01:16:01,223
the constitution,

1635
01:16:01,223 --> 01:16:04,726
the iconography and language
of American patriotism,

1636
01:16:04,726 --> 01:16:06,595
and yet, internally,

1637
01:16:06,595 --> 01:16:09,097
have rendered the citizen
impotent.

1638
01:16:09,097 --> 01:16:12,935
I don't think
that you can honestly grasp

1639
01:16:12,935 --> 01:16:14,436
the forces we're up against,

1640
01:16:14,436 --> 01:16:17,406
including the unraveling
of the ecosystem,

1641
01:16:17,406 --> 01:16:20,709
and not be filled
with despair.

1642
01:16:20,709 --> 01:16:23,712
The greatest existential crisis
of our time

1643
01:16:23,712 --> 01:16:26,448
is to at once understand
the reality before us,

1644
01:16:26,448 --> 01:16:29,551
and then find the capacity
to resist.

1645
01:16:43,432 --> 01:16:44,733
So much of our lives

1646
01:16:44,733 --> 01:16:46,902
is about the stories
we tell ourselves.

1647
01:16:46,902 --> 01:16:49,504
And corporations
have done a very effective job

1648
01:16:49,504 --> 01:16:51,406
at defining the limits
of possibility

1649
01:16:51,406 --> 01:16:54,042
and defining what we can
expect out of life.

1650
01:16:55,210 --> 01:16:56,511
So if we believe

1651
01:16:56,511 --> 01:16:59,715
that we are
in a dog-eat-dog world,

1652
01:16:59,715 --> 01:17:02,217
and this patriarchal-machismo
view of reality,

1653
01:17:02,217 --> 01:17:05,687
then that constrains
how we act and how we behave.

1654
01:17:07,222 --> 01:17:09,091
Social movements are created
out of a contagious mood

1655
01:17:09,091 --> 01:17:10,092
and a new tactic.

1656
01:17:10,092 --> 01:17:11,526
Part of what
that new tactic does

1657
01:17:11,526 --> 01:17:12,894
is it wakes people up,

1658
01:17:12,894 --> 01:17:14,730
and part of what that mood does
is gets them to dream again.

1659
01:17:16,198 --> 01:17:17,299
In 2011,

1660
01:17:17,299 --> 01:17:20,235
mass movements for change
swept across the globe

1661
01:17:20,235 --> 01:17:23,105
in the aftermath
of the 2008 financial crisis.

1662
01:17:23,105 --> 01:17:25,540
There was
a cycle of struggles--

1663
01:17:25,540 --> 01:17:28,477
sometimes called
"the movement of squares."

1664
01:17:28,477 --> 01:17:30,712
It starts in Tunisia...

1665
01:17:31,713 --> 01:17:33,882
...and passes to Egypt,

1666
01:17:33,882 --> 01:17:34,983
passing then

1667
01:17:34,983 --> 01:17:36,418
across the Mediterranean

1668
01:17:36,418 --> 01:17:38,086
to Spain...

1669
01:17:39,554 --> 01:17:40,822
...to Greece...

1670
01:17:43,425 --> 01:17:45,093
...before it finally arrives
at Zuccotti Park,

1671
01:17:45,093 --> 01:17:46,595
in the United States.

1672
01:17:46,595 --> 01:17:48,430
And what were
these movements about?

1673
01:17:48,430 --> 01:17:50,932
They were really
about the demand

1674
01:17:50,932 --> 01:17:53,135
for a new kind of democracy.

1675
01:17:55,404 --> 01:17:57,072
During "Occupy Wall Street,"

1676
01:17:57,072 --> 01:17:58,073
we suddenly thought, "What?

1677
01:17:58,073 --> 01:17:59,641
We can have
a democracy in this country

1678
01:17:59,641 --> 01:18:02,377
that's not run by
corporate finance capitalism?"

1679
01:18:02,377 --> 01:18:03,545
Like, "that's amazing,"
you know?

1680
01:18:04,813 --> 01:18:07,716
And the moment was so ripe
that, within 24 hours,

1681
01:18:07,716 --> 01:18:09,051
activists in New York City
took up the idea

1682
01:18:09,051 --> 01:18:11,386
and ran with it.

1683
01:18:13,855 --> 01:18:15,557
These movements
were a kind of refusal

1684
01:18:15,557 --> 01:18:18,427
of corporate culture
or consumerism,

1685
01:18:18,427 --> 01:18:19,895
and that was their essence.

1686
01:18:21,530 --> 01:18:22,764
The Occupy Movement

1687
01:18:22,764 --> 01:18:24,599
quickly spread
from Zuccotti Park

1688
01:18:24,599 --> 01:18:27,002
to cities
across the United States,

1689
01:18:27,002 --> 01:18:28,470
and then the world.

1690
01:18:40,482 --> 01:18:42,551
The Occupy
Movement captured the...

1691
01:18:42,551 --> 01:18:45,320
the feeling
that ordinary working people had

1692
01:18:45,320 --> 01:18:47,889
that, when the recession
happened in 2008,

1693
01:18:47,889 --> 01:18:49,925
the very banks

1694
01:18:49,925 --> 01:18:51,760
that had caused
the financial collapse

1695
01:18:51,760 --> 01:18:53,562
were the ones being rewarded,

1696
01:18:53,562 --> 01:18:56,431
and the rest of us
had got sold out.

1697
01:18:57,432 --> 01:18:59,401
What was
so important about Occupy

1698
01:18:59,401 --> 01:19:03,138
was to crystallize
the public anger.

1699
01:19:03,138 --> 01:19:04,840
Occupy did that,

1700
01:19:04,840 --> 01:19:07,876
and put an explanatory
narrative around

1701
01:19:07,876 --> 01:19:09,611
"the 99% versus the 1%."

1702
01:19:11,680 --> 01:19:13,548
We're just
trying to figure out a way

1703
01:19:13,548 --> 01:19:15,383
that we can
change the system--

1704
01:19:15,383 --> 01:19:18,920
an economic system
that is fundamentally--

1705
01:19:18,920 --> 01:19:21,556
fundamentally misaligned
in the corporate interests

1706
01:19:21,556 --> 01:19:22,691
and against
the people's interests.

1707
01:19:22,691 --> 01:19:24,392
And that's all we're doing here.

1708
01:19:40,609 --> 01:19:42,878
Occupy Wall Street
was a constructive failure,

1709
01:19:42,878 --> 01:19:45,847
but it taught us something
very important.

1710
01:19:45,847 --> 01:19:48,416
We need to pair protests
with gaining sovereignty,

1711
01:19:48,416 --> 01:19:49,718
which means
either pairing protests

1712
01:19:49,718 --> 01:19:50,852
with winning elections,

1713
01:19:50,852 --> 01:19:52,654
or pairing protests
with winning wars.

1714
01:19:52,654 --> 01:19:54,256
And you can choose,
as an activist.

1715
01:19:54,256 --> 01:19:55,724
I would advocate elections.

1716
01:19:55,724 --> 01:19:56,758
There's only so many times

1717
01:19:56,758 --> 01:19:59,060
you can have tear gas
fired into your face

1718
01:19:59,060 --> 01:20:01,263
and get hit over the head
by a police baton

1719
01:20:01,263 --> 01:20:02,864
or be dragged off to jail.

1720
01:20:02,864 --> 01:20:05,267
And after a while,
you say, you know,

1721
01:20:05,267 --> 01:20:07,903
"we're gonna do something
at the level of politics now."

1722
01:20:07,903 --> 01:20:11,173
But all those movements
face the challenge--

1723
01:20:11,173 --> 01:20:13,375
"what do you stand for?"

1724
01:20:13,375 --> 01:20:15,710
Are you actually
going to challenge

1725
01:20:15,710 --> 01:20:18,146
the power of corporations?

1726
01:20:18,146 --> 01:20:21,483
This is what the 2020s
will be about.

1727
01:20:27,389 --> 01:20:30,025
We turn now
to Seattle, Washington,

1728
01:20:30,025 --> 01:20:33,261
where a former
Occupy Wall Street activist

1729
01:20:33,261 --> 01:20:36,565
is being sworn in today
to the city council.

1730
01:20:36,565 --> 01:20:39,434
We have shown
that it's possible to succeed

1731
01:20:39,434 --> 01:20:44,506
as an independent, grassroots
openly-socialist campaign,

1732
01:20:44,506 --> 01:20:47,876
not taking any money
from big business.

1733
01:20:47,876 --> 01:20:52,714
This moment belongs
to that way of organizing.

1734
01:20:52,714 --> 01:20:55,984
Kshama becomes
the first socialist

1735
01:20:55,984 --> 01:20:59,187
elected to the Seattle City Council

1736
01:20:59,187 --> 01:21:01,523
since the early-20th century.

1737
01:21:01,523 --> 01:21:03,225
Her signature issue

1738
01:21:03,225 --> 01:21:07,062
was $15-an-hour minimum wage.

1739
01:21:08,063 --> 01:21:09,364
There were

1740
01:21:09,364 --> 01:21:12,734
courageous workers of McDonald's
and other fast-food outlets

1741
01:21:12,734 --> 01:21:15,503
who went out
on a one-day strike.

1742
01:21:16,571 --> 01:21:20,208
"15 and a union"
was their slogan.

1743
01:21:20,208 --> 01:21:22,944
On the 15th of May, 2014,

1744
01:21:22,944 --> 01:21:24,880
thousands of fast-food workers

1745
01:21:24,880 --> 01:21:27,515
flooded the streets
of 150 U.S. cities,

1746
01:21:27,515 --> 01:21:30,585
striking to demand
a $15 minimum wage,

1747
01:21:30,585 --> 01:21:32,220
better working conditions,

1748
01:21:32,220 --> 01:21:34,322
and the right
to form a union.

1749
01:21:34,322 --> 01:21:37,092
We organized ordinary people--

1750
01:21:37,092 --> 01:21:40,061
workers,
rank-and-file union members,

1751
01:21:40,061 --> 01:21:41,196
and activists

1752
01:21:41,196 --> 01:21:43,565
who wanted to fight
for 15.

1753
01:21:45,934 --> 01:21:48,270
If you are actually going to be
true to the movement,

1754
01:21:48,270 --> 01:21:49,771
if you are
going to be accountable

1755
01:21:49,771 --> 01:21:51,907
to all these people
you claim to represent,

1756
01:21:51,907 --> 01:21:53,541
once you're elected,

1757
01:21:53,541 --> 01:21:58,046
it does require you to take
a bold and strong stance

1758
01:21:58,046 --> 01:21:59,848
against the corporate politicians.

1759
01:21:59,848 --> 01:22:02,050
If they are not on your side,

1760
01:22:02,050 --> 01:22:03,385
then you have
to fight against them.

1761
01:22:03,385 --> 01:22:04,486
You're duty-bound!

1762
01:22:04,486 --> 01:22:07,555
Of the over
a billion dollars in taxes

1763
01:22:07,555 --> 01:22:09,391
that Amazon owes to the IRS,

1764
01:22:09,391 --> 01:22:14,696
they now get a break
of $789 million.

1765
01:22:15,797 --> 01:22:18,400
Her campaign wins
so many supporters

1766
01:22:18,400 --> 01:22:22,237
that Seattle becomes
the first major city in America

1767
01:22:22,237 --> 01:22:24,606
to adopt
a $15-an-hour minimum wage.

1768
01:22:24,606 --> 01:22:26,875
And that starts the ball rolling

1769
01:22:26,875 --> 01:22:28,643
as more and more cities
across the nation

1770
01:22:28,643 --> 01:22:31,479
have followed
the example of Seattle.

1771
01:22:31,479 --> 01:22:33,548
If you empower workers

1772
01:22:33,548 --> 01:22:36,885
by giving them
a better standard of living,

1773
01:22:36,885 --> 01:22:38,320
it's not going to stop there.

1774
01:22:38,320 --> 01:22:41,589
It raises their sights,
the confidence

1775
01:22:41,589 --> 01:22:42,791
of working people

1776
01:22:42,791 --> 01:22:44,426
towards a different kind of society.

1777
01:22:45,894 --> 01:22:48,263
You don't need a Ph.D.
in Economics to know

1778
01:22:48,263 --> 01:22:49,631
that your life sucks
under capitalism,

1779
01:22:49,631 --> 01:22:53,435
and we've got to build
a movement to fight for it.

1780
01:22:55,737 --> 01:22:57,739
Four more years!

1781
01:22:57,739 --> 01:22:59,541
In 2019,

1782
01:22:59,541 --> 01:23:02,477
Kshama Sawant
was elected to a third term

1783
01:23:02,477 --> 01:23:05,347
on Seattle City Council,

1784
01:23:05,347 --> 01:23:08,383
despite Amazon
spending $1.5 million

1785
01:23:08,383 --> 01:23:10,685
to try to unseat her.

1786
01:23:15,256 --> 01:23:17,258
Kshama was pioneering

1787
01:23:17,258 --> 01:23:19,794
the new urban Renaissance.

1788
01:23:19,794 --> 01:23:25,667
Starting around 2013
and '14, especially,

1789
01:23:25,667 --> 01:23:27,235
a whole new movement developed

1790
01:23:27,235 --> 01:23:29,738
of grassroots organizations
from various movements

1791
01:23:29,738 --> 01:23:31,773
that then united

1792
01:23:31,773 --> 01:23:34,142
to elect
for the first time

1793
01:23:34,142 --> 01:23:36,811
representatives of
their perspectives into office.

1794
01:23:36,811 --> 01:23:38,279
You had a whole wave of people,

1795
01:23:38,279 --> 01:23:41,883
all of whom were not expected
to have a chance.

1796
01:23:41,883 --> 01:23:43,018
All of them are running

1797
01:23:43,018 --> 01:23:44,753
on more or less
the same platform--

1798
01:23:44,753 --> 01:23:47,022
that income inequality
is the moral issue of our time,

1799
01:23:47,022 --> 01:23:50,892
and they were not just part
of a U.S. movement,

1800
01:23:50,892 --> 01:23:52,060
but you had Sadiq Khan,

1801
01:23:52,060 --> 01:23:55,730
the first Muslim elected
to the mayoralty of London,

1802
01:23:55,730 --> 01:23:56,965
you had Anne Hidalgo,

1803
01:23:56,965 --> 01:23:59,801
a leading environmentalist
and socialist of Europe,

1804
01:23:59,801 --> 01:24:01,903
winning the mayoralty of Paris,

1805
01:24:01,903 --> 01:24:05,640
Carmen Yulin Cruz, the Mayor
of San Juan, Puerto Rico,

1806
01:24:05,640 --> 01:24:08,877
and you had Ada Colau
in Barcelona.

1807
01:24:14,916 --> 01:24:20,221
In the wake of
the mortgage meltdown worldwide,

1808
01:24:20,221 --> 01:24:23,224
there were thousands
of Spanish homeowners

1809
01:24:23,224 --> 01:24:27,062
being evicted from their houses
by international banks,

1810
01:24:27,062 --> 01:24:30,398
and Ada Colau begins
to lead a resistance movement

1811
01:24:30,398 --> 01:24:31,733
of the homeowners.

1812
01:24:59,260 --> 01:25:00,395
Through mass protests

1813
01:25:00,395 --> 01:25:02,130
and civil disobedience,

1814
01:25:02,130 --> 01:25:06,101
she gains a name for herself
as a defender of the homeowners.

1815
01:26:16,638 --> 01:26:18,806
What's different
about this movement

1816
01:26:18,806 --> 01:26:21,609
is that the progressives
have seen the necessity

1817
01:26:21,609 --> 01:26:23,678
to actually capture office,

1818
01:26:23,678 --> 01:26:26,047
then also,
once they get into office,

1819
01:26:26,047 --> 01:26:28,249
they've understood the necessity
for continuing

1820
01:26:28,249 --> 01:26:30,685
to be connected
to the grassroots movements

1821
01:26:30,685 --> 01:26:32,187
that got them there.

1822
01:26:47,769 --> 01:26:49,737
In 2019,

1823
01:26:49,737 --> 01:26:53,041
more than 200
leading thinkers and activists

1824
01:26:53,041 --> 01:26:56,711
endorsed Colau's bid
for re-election.

1825
01:26:56,711 --> 01:26:59,214
"Barcelona has become
a beacon of hope," they wrote,

1826
01:26:59,214 --> 01:27:01,416
proving that we don't
have to be afraid

1827
01:27:01,416 --> 01:27:03,985
of standing up
to corporate power,

1828
01:27:03,985 --> 01:27:07,155
that there is another way
of doing politics

1829
01:27:07,155 --> 01:27:09,691
that puts people at the centre."

1830
01:27:10,725 --> 01:27:14,896
Colau was re-elected Mayor
in June, 2019.

1831
01:27:19,601 --> 01:27:21,569
Seeing the documentary
The Corporation,

1832
01:27:21,569 --> 01:27:23,738
it opened my eyes.

1833
01:27:23,738 --> 01:27:25,073
This is Chris Barrett.

1834
01:27:25,073 --> 01:27:27,942
He appeared in our first film,

1835
01:27:27,942 --> 01:27:29,777
featured as one of the first

1836
01:27:29,777 --> 01:27:32,714
corporate-sponsored
college students.

1837
01:27:32,714 --> 01:27:34,215
We saw Tiger Woods
on TV with a hat

1838
01:27:34,215 --> 01:27:35,416
with a Nike logo on it,

1839
01:27:35,416 --> 01:27:36,718
and we figured,

1840
01:27:36,718 --> 01:27:39,220
you know, he probably gets,
like, millions of dollars

1841
01:27:39,220 --> 01:27:41,823
just to wear the hat
on a press conference,

1842
01:27:41,823 --> 01:27:43,858
and therefore, we figured
we can do that for someone else

1843
01:27:43,858 --> 01:27:45,226
and hopefully get money,

1844
01:27:45,226 --> 01:27:47,362
in turn
so we could go to school.

1845
01:27:48,396 --> 01:27:50,198
You guys were poking fun at us,

1846
01:27:50,198 --> 01:27:52,734
but we were 18-year-old kids.

1847
01:27:52,734 --> 01:27:55,470
Seeing The Corporation,

1848
01:27:55,470 --> 01:27:56,904
my mind just, like,
kind of exploded.

1849
01:27:56,904 --> 01:27:58,006
It was just, like,

1850
01:27:58,006 --> 01:28:02,010
I had never been exposed
to this mindset before.

1851
01:28:03,044 --> 01:28:04,646
I was having lunch
with my grandfather

1852
01:28:04,646 --> 01:28:07,715
and I asked him "Who should
the Democratic nominee be?"

1853
01:28:07,715 --> 01:28:09,050
And he told me at the time

1854
01:28:09,050 --> 01:28:10,485
that "Bernie Sanders
looks pretty good."

1855
01:28:10,485 --> 01:28:11,419
I went home,

1856
01:28:11,419 --> 01:28:13,054
and I researched
Bernie's platform,

1857
01:28:13,054 --> 01:28:14,722
and I realized that, internally,

1858
01:28:14,722 --> 01:28:17,725
like, I align with
a lot that Bernie says.

1859
01:28:17,725 --> 01:28:20,561
This great nation
and its government

1860
01:28:20,561 --> 01:28:23,064
belong to all of the people,

1861
01:28:23,064 --> 01:28:25,900
and not to a handful
of billionaires.

1862
01:28:28,903 --> 01:28:31,606
When I got connected
to "Grassroots for Sanders,"

1863
01:28:31,606 --> 01:28:32,740
they offered me the position

1864
01:28:32,740 --> 01:28:35,710
of Assistant
Fundraising Manager,

1865
01:28:35,710 --> 01:28:39,714
where I could be able to do
the fundraising asks on Reddit.

1866
01:28:46,154 --> 01:28:48,556
We were able to raise
over $10 million

1867
01:28:48,556 --> 01:28:50,224
directly to Bernie Sanders' campaign.

1868
01:28:51,693 --> 01:28:53,561
At some of the field offices,

1869
01:28:53,561 --> 01:28:55,730
people would come
through the door

1870
01:28:55,730 --> 01:28:57,965
and they would say,
"How do I get involved?

1871
01:28:57,965 --> 01:29:00,134
I have never voted
in my life."

1872
01:29:03,638 --> 01:29:04,839
One of Bernie's messages,

1873
01:29:04,839 --> 01:29:07,608
after he lost
his Presidential run,

1874
01:29:07,608 --> 01:29:10,611
was that local people
could take back the power

1875
01:29:10,611 --> 01:29:11,779
and we could run for office.

1876
01:29:11,779 --> 01:29:14,282
I met a local
political organizer

1877
01:29:14,282 --> 01:29:15,717
in my town of Collingswood.

1878
01:29:15,717 --> 01:29:16,884
He was putting together

1879
01:29:16,884 --> 01:29:19,087
a slate
of progressive candidates.

1880
01:29:19,087 --> 01:29:21,089
I thought
that was a brilliant idea.

1881
01:29:21,089 --> 01:29:23,925
It was exactly what
Bernie wanted us to do,

1882
01:29:23,925 --> 01:29:26,194
and we--
I signed the form,

1883
01:29:26,194 --> 01:29:27,562
and we were running for office.

1884
01:29:27,562 --> 01:29:29,731
I don't think,

1885
01:29:29,731 --> 01:29:31,766
when I was out there
getting a corporate sponsor,

1886
01:29:31,766 --> 01:29:33,434
that I realized that,
in 16 years,

1887
01:29:33,434 --> 01:29:36,404
I would be an elected official
in New Jersey.

1888
01:29:36,404 --> 01:29:37,839
I'm gonna stay on this path,

1889
01:29:37,839 --> 01:29:40,541
and I'm gonna continue
down this political route

1890
01:29:40,541 --> 01:29:44,379
until we have the progressive
party of the future.

1891
01:29:46,547 --> 01:29:47,615
Historically,

1892
01:29:47,615 --> 01:29:49,317
progressive movements

1893
01:29:49,317 --> 01:29:51,586
were more interested about
building power in the streets--

1894
01:29:51,586 --> 01:29:52,887
which is an important thing--

1895
01:29:52,887 --> 01:29:54,922
and they kind of
neglected running for office.

1896
01:29:56,624 --> 01:29:57,759
I think, now,

1897
01:29:57,759 --> 01:30:00,061
progressives are starting
to see the nature of power,

1898
01:30:00,061 --> 01:30:01,396
where it lies,

1899
01:30:01,396 --> 01:30:03,564
and the reason
to contest for it.

1900
01:30:03,564 --> 01:30:06,134
Now we have
thousands of people saying,

1901
01:30:06,134 --> 01:30:07,735
"Hey! I want to run for office."

1902
01:30:09,237 --> 01:30:11,072
It's common to say now

1903
01:30:11,072 --> 01:30:14,308
that the Senator's
campaign failed.

1904
01:30:14,308 --> 01:30:16,110
I think that's a mistake.

1905
01:30:16,110 --> 01:30:18,946
I think it was
an extraordinary success.

1906
01:30:18,946 --> 01:30:24,719
Completely shifted the arena
of debate and discussion.

1907
01:30:24,719 --> 01:30:29,424
Issues that were unthinkable
a couple years ago

1908
01:30:29,424 --> 01:30:32,393
are now right in the middle
of attention.

1909
01:30:32,393 --> 01:30:33,928
The Sanders campaign

1910
01:30:33,928 --> 01:30:36,130
took to the larger
political stage

1911
01:30:36,130 --> 01:30:37,432
the kind of politics

1912
01:30:37,432 --> 01:30:39,967
being practiced
by local politicians,

1913
01:30:39,967 --> 01:30:41,569
like Sawant,

1914
01:30:41,569 --> 01:30:42,737
Colau,

1915
01:30:42,737 --> 01:30:44,405
and Barrett--

1916
01:30:44,405 --> 01:30:50,044
electoral politics interwoven
with grassroots activism.

1917
01:30:51,512 --> 01:30:53,881
Some form of "Green New Deal"

1918
01:30:53,881 --> 01:30:57,218
is essential
for the survival of humanity,

1919
01:30:57,218 --> 01:31:00,555
now it's part of
the general agenda.

1920
01:31:00,555 --> 01:31:01,756
Why?

1921
01:31:01,756 --> 01:31:04,292
Activists' engagement.

1922
01:31:04,292 --> 01:31:05,526
Young people,

1923
01:31:05,526 --> 01:31:07,128
they received support

1924
01:31:07,128 --> 01:31:12,733
from Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
and other young legislators,

1925
01:31:12,733 --> 01:31:14,802
who came into office

1926
01:31:14,802 --> 01:31:20,041
as part of the Sanders-inspired
popular wave.

1927
01:31:23,211 --> 01:31:25,213
I think
the next wave of revolutions

1928
01:31:25,213 --> 01:31:27,882
really is gonna be
this kind of strange thing

1929
01:31:27,882 --> 01:31:29,383
where we wake up
and we're like,

1930
01:31:29,383 --> 01:31:32,053
"Oh, my gosh,
there's this social movement.

1931
01:31:32,053 --> 01:31:33,554
They're in the streets,

1932
01:31:33,554 --> 01:31:35,423
but they're running
election campaigns.

1933
01:31:35,423 --> 01:31:38,059
They have candidates
and they're winning?"

1934
01:31:43,397 --> 01:31:45,566
Whatever form it takes,

1935
01:31:45,566 --> 01:31:49,003
change always begins
with organizing.

1936
01:31:49,003 --> 01:31:50,471
2018 is going to be

1937
01:31:50,471 --> 01:31:51,739
the year that we take

1938
01:31:51,739 --> 01:31:54,642
the toxic, stultified politics
of climate change

1939
01:31:54,642 --> 01:31:56,611
and turn it on its head,

1940
01:31:56,611 --> 01:31:58,946
and it starts
with stopping Adani!

1941
01:31:58,946 --> 01:32:00,548
Our aim

1942
01:32:00,548 --> 01:32:03,317
is to move the world away
from fossil fuels

1943
01:32:03,317 --> 01:32:04,385
as fast as possible.

1944
01:32:04,385 --> 01:32:06,721
The Wangan
and Jagalingou people

1945
01:32:06,721 --> 01:32:08,256
have a different struggle,

1946
01:32:08,256 --> 01:32:13,127
which is to protect their land
and to win land rights.

1947
01:32:13,127 --> 01:32:15,096
No means no!

1948
01:32:15,096 --> 01:32:17,732
Adani has tried
to rip our people apart.

1949
01:32:17,732 --> 01:32:20,835
It's actually brought
our people together as well.

1950
01:32:20,835 --> 01:32:23,404
And we've been able
to think about,

1951
01:32:23,404 --> 01:32:25,273
"What is
our alternative future?

1952
01:32:25,273 --> 01:32:26,874
What do we want to build?"

1953
01:32:26,874 --> 01:32:31,379
And it's not
extractive industries

1954
01:32:31,379 --> 01:32:32,880
that governments

1955
01:32:32,880 --> 01:32:35,550
and other corporations
would like it to be.

1956
01:32:35,550 --> 01:32:38,586
What we've set out to do

1957
01:32:38,586 --> 01:32:42,056
is support a whole range
of organizations and individuals

1958
01:32:42,056 --> 01:32:43,190
to work together,

1959
01:32:43,190 --> 01:32:44,725
to achieve much bigger change

1960
01:32:44,725 --> 01:32:47,862
than any one organization
could achieve working alone.

1961
01:32:49,096 --> 01:32:52,600
We want to lose control
of as many people as possible,

1962
01:32:52,600 --> 01:32:55,236
headed in the right direction.

1963
01:32:55,236 --> 01:32:56,971
We figured
that the only way

1964
01:32:56,971 --> 01:32:58,472
we could really stop the project

1965
01:32:58,472 --> 01:33:00,541
is stopping them
getting financed.

1966
01:33:00,541 --> 01:33:02,443
Yes, they need
the permits and the approvals,

1967
01:33:02,443 --> 01:33:05,279
but Adani also needs money.

1968
01:33:05,279 --> 01:33:07,048
Both "Stop Adani"

1969
01:33:07,048 --> 01:33:09,083
and the Wangan
and Jagalingou people

1970
01:33:09,083 --> 01:33:12,219
pushed to halt funding
of the Adani Coal Mine.

1971
01:33:12,219 --> 01:33:15,556
We met with some of
the largest banks in the world

1972
01:33:15,556 --> 01:33:16,891
and said,

1973
01:33:16,891 --> 01:33:18,225
"You need to acknowledge

1974
01:33:18,225 --> 01:33:21,596
that any investment in
the Adani Carmichael Coal Mine

1975
01:33:21,596 --> 01:33:25,900
will be a breach
of your obligations to us

1976
01:33:25,900 --> 01:33:27,902
as the indigenous people
who have said no."

1977
01:33:28,903 --> 01:33:30,438
Within a month,

1978
01:33:30,438 --> 01:33:32,139
Standard Chartered
came out publicly

1979
01:33:32,139 --> 01:33:36,043
and said that they would not
be giving any money to Adani.

1980
01:33:36,043 --> 01:33:40,481
That was after they'd already
given them $680 million.

1981
01:33:40,481 --> 01:33:43,551
The two campaigns
together succeeded

1982
01:33:43,551 --> 01:33:46,387
in stopping funding
from all banks worldwide.

1983
01:33:46,387 --> 01:33:47,421
Then they won again,

1984
01:33:47,421 --> 01:33:49,657
blocking the Australian
government's attempt

1985
01:33:49,657 --> 01:33:53,060
to fill the gap
with a $1-billion loan.

1986
01:33:53,060 --> 01:33:55,229
It was a huge victory for us

1987
01:33:55,229 --> 01:33:56,297
because we were told

1988
01:33:56,297 --> 01:33:58,165
it was something
that couldn't be done.

1989
01:33:58,165 --> 01:34:00,568
Adani and its government allies

1990
01:34:00,568 --> 01:34:03,404
continue their push
for the mine to go forward.

1991
01:34:03,404 --> 01:34:05,506
And yet,

1992
01:34:05,506 --> 01:34:09,043
not a single lump of coal
has been mined to date.

1993
01:34:09,043 --> 01:34:11,212
The resistance continues.

1994
01:34:12,213 --> 01:34:14,315
All of my life,

1995
01:34:14,315 --> 01:34:17,652
I have been told who I am
through stories

1996
01:34:17,652 --> 01:34:20,421
about the people
that I come from.

1997
01:34:20,421 --> 01:34:24,892
Without their resistance
and their resilience,

1998
01:34:24,892 --> 01:34:26,093
I would not be here.

1999
01:34:26,093 --> 01:34:28,095
It's come down to me,

2000
01:34:28,095 --> 01:34:31,666
and I refuse to be
the broken link in the chain.

2001
01:34:32,900 --> 01:34:34,769
The fight over
the Adani Coal Mine

2002
01:34:34,769 --> 01:34:37,071
has become a symbol

2003
01:34:37,071 --> 01:34:40,875
whether corporations
can continue to ride roughshod

2004
01:34:40,875 --> 01:34:43,277
over the wishes
of the community,

2005
01:34:43,277 --> 01:34:44,712
and create a future

2006
01:34:44,712 --> 01:34:47,715
that is in their
financial interests alone,

2007
01:34:47,715 --> 01:34:50,885
or whether the community
actually can build enough power

2008
01:34:50,885 --> 01:34:54,255
to say, "No, that is not
the future we want.

2009
01:34:54,255 --> 01:34:56,557
We want a safe future with
a safe climate for everybody."

2010
01:35:02,063 --> 01:35:05,399
There is this global network.

2011
01:35:05,399 --> 01:35:06,734
There's a big fight brewing

2012
01:35:06,734 --> 01:35:09,570
in Argentina
against fracking corporations,

2013
01:35:09,570 --> 01:35:11,405
against coal expansion
in South Africa

2014
01:35:11,405 --> 01:35:12,606
and the Philippines,

2015
01:35:12,606 --> 01:35:13,808
in India,

2016
01:35:13,808 --> 01:35:15,776
in Poland.

2017
01:35:15,776 --> 01:35:18,446
There's campaigns
against pipelines in Canada--

2018
01:35:18,446 --> 01:35:22,049
Kinder Morgan, Keystone XL--

2019
01:35:22,049 --> 01:35:24,018
the fight at Standing Rock.

2020
01:35:26,320 --> 01:35:28,322
Our indigenous people

2021
01:35:28,322 --> 01:35:31,592
have been on the front lines
way before my time.

2022
01:35:31,592 --> 01:35:34,428
It's about the land,
the water...

2023
01:35:34,428 --> 01:35:38,966
our inherent jurisdiction
as caretakers of Mother Earth.

2024
01:35:40,735 --> 01:35:44,105
But it's not
just an indigenous struggle,

2025
01:35:44,105 --> 01:35:46,273
it's a struggle of humanity.

2026
01:35:46,273 --> 01:35:47,608
We need to come together

2027
01:35:47,608 --> 01:35:51,011
to push back
the corporate agenda.

2028
01:35:51,011 --> 01:35:53,380
All people,

2029
01:35:53,380 --> 01:35:55,216
all races
are beginning to realize

2030
01:35:55,216 --> 01:35:56,550
we're in this together.

2031
01:35:56,550 --> 01:35:59,053
We will rise!
We will rise!

2032
01:35:59,053 --> 01:36:02,056
You cannot unring a bell.

2033
01:36:05,559 --> 01:36:09,063
Our civilization
is being sacrificed

2034
01:36:09,063 --> 01:36:10,064
for the opportunity

2035
01:36:10,064 --> 01:36:12,233
of a very small
number of people

2036
01:36:12,233 --> 01:36:16,070
to continue making
enormous amounts of money.

2037
01:36:17,238 --> 01:36:19,106
We have not come here

2038
01:36:19,106 --> 01:36:21,442
to beg world leaders
to care.

2039
01:36:21,442 --> 01:36:23,711
You have ignored us
in the past

2040
01:36:23,711 --> 01:36:26,547
and you will ignore us again.

2041
01:36:26,547 --> 01:36:28,582
We have run out of excuses

2042
01:36:28,582 --> 01:36:31,418
and we are running out of time.

2043
01:36:31,418 --> 01:36:32,720
We have come here

2044
01:36:32,720 --> 01:36:35,256
to let you know
that change is coming,

2045
01:36:35,256 --> 01:36:37,525
whether you like it or not.

2046
01:36:37,525 --> 01:36:40,561
The real power
belongs to the people.

2047
01:36:44,899 --> 01:36:47,401
If they're really wanting

2048
01:36:47,401 --> 01:36:49,603
to address the deep problems

2049
01:36:49,603 --> 01:36:53,240
of social, racial, and gender
injustice in our society,

2050
01:36:53,240 --> 01:36:55,709
then we need to think
of lessons from history.

2051
01:36:58,779 --> 01:37:01,282
One thing that's remarkable

2052
01:37:01,282 --> 01:37:03,517
is just
that people keep struggling.

2053
01:37:04,885 --> 01:37:07,154
That, in the worst situations,

2054
01:37:07,154 --> 01:37:09,557
people always fight...

2055
01:37:11,592 --> 01:37:15,596
...even when you thought
"nothing's possible,"

2056
01:37:15,596 --> 01:37:17,765
you look at
the political situation

2057
01:37:17,765 --> 01:37:20,000
and think how bad it is,

2058
01:37:20,000 --> 01:37:23,337
then something beautiful
and inspiring comes up.

2059
01:37:30,044 --> 01:37:32,513
In the spring of 2020,

2060
01:37:32,513 --> 01:37:35,216
the world shut down,

2061
01:37:35,216 --> 01:37:38,219
but people's hearts
opened wide.

2062
01:37:53,667 --> 01:37:55,402
One of
the most beautiful things

2063
01:37:55,402 --> 01:37:56,737
I've seen during the crisis

2064
01:37:56,737 --> 01:37:59,406
is the way workers
in a variety of sectors

2065
01:37:59,406 --> 01:38:01,775
have refused--

2066
01:38:01,775 --> 01:38:04,812
have refused to go along
with putting workers in danger.

2067
01:38:04,812 --> 01:38:06,547
Amazon workers striking,

2068
01:38:06,547 --> 01:38:09,216
FedEx workers walking out,

2069
01:38:09,216 --> 01:38:13,087
also health-care workers
put in dangerous situations.

2070
01:38:14,555 --> 01:38:16,924
This foresees
the kinds of struggles

2071
01:38:16,924 --> 01:38:20,394
that will emerge
from this crisis

2072
01:38:20,394 --> 01:38:23,731
that confront the inequalities
of this economy.

2073
01:38:25,733 --> 01:38:27,735
The pandemic

2074
01:38:27,735 --> 01:38:31,906
has revealed
that there is broad support

2075
01:38:31,906 --> 01:38:35,209
for the idea that we need
to contain corporate power,

2076
01:38:35,209 --> 01:38:36,677
so that we live in a society

2077
01:38:36,677 --> 01:38:39,380
where we reinvigorate democracy,

2078
01:38:39,380 --> 01:38:41,348
where we have a sense
of the public purpose,

2079
01:38:41,348 --> 01:38:44,051
and that we're not simply
at the mercy

2080
01:38:44,051 --> 01:38:46,887
of a few corporations
that increasingly run our lives.

2081
01:38:48,389 --> 01:38:49,423
This can

2082
01:38:49,423 --> 01:38:52,760
change the way
people think about the system.

2083
01:38:52,760 --> 01:38:55,296
We owe one another
certain things,

2084
01:38:55,296 --> 01:38:56,897
certain minimum things.

2085
01:38:56,897 --> 01:38:59,566
That's been lost
in the last 40 years

2086
01:38:59,566 --> 01:39:01,235
of deregulation
and privatization

2087
01:39:01,235 --> 01:39:05,072
and corporate takeover
of our political culture

2088
01:39:05,072 --> 01:39:07,708
and our political system.

2089
01:39:07,708 --> 01:39:12,046
It is starting
to dawn on society as a whole

2090
01:39:12,046 --> 01:39:14,048
that we're not going to go back
to the old normal,

2091
01:39:14,048 --> 01:39:15,883
there's no such world,

2092
01:39:15,883 --> 01:39:18,052
because the pandemic
has revealed

2093
01:39:18,052 --> 01:39:20,321
that the system is incapable

2094
01:39:20,321 --> 01:39:22,556
of addressing even
the most basic needs

2095
01:39:22,556 --> 01:39:25,259
of our society.

2096
01:39:25,259 --> 01:39:28,262
Then,
as this film was being finished,

2097
01:39:28,262 --> 01:39:31,098
George Floyd
is brutally killed by police--

2098
01:39:31,098 --> 01:39:33,767
a flash point
that ignites an uprising.

2099
01:39:33,767 --> 01:39:36,603
Thousands took to the streets,

2100
01:39:36,603 --> 01:39:38,739
demanding justice
for George Floyd.

2101
01:39:38,739 --> 01:39:40,541
...The death
of a Black man pleading

2102
01:39:40,541 --> 01:39:41,775
that he can't breathe

2103
01:39:41,775 --> 01:39:43,377
as a white officer
was kneeling on his neck.

2104
01:39:43,377 --> 01:39:44,845
Justice!

2105
01:39:44,845 --> 01:39:46,113
Now!

2106
01:39:46,113 --> 01:39:50,250
Imagine how angry and desperate

2107
01:39:50,250 --> 01:39:52,720
you would have to be
to come out and protest

2108
01:39:52,720 --> 01:39:56,090
in the historical pandemic

2109
01:39:56,090 --> 01:39:57,591
that has had

2110
01:39:57,591 --> 01:40:00,427
a disproportionately
horrendous impact

2111
01:40:00,427 --> 01:40:02,463
in Black communities.

2112
01:40:02,463 --> 01:40:04,398
Take your knee off our necks!

2113
01:40:04,398 --> 01:40:06,633
Take your knee
off our necks!

2114
01:40:06,633 --> 01:40:09,570
The democracy
is just trying to breathe.

2115
01:40:09,570 --> 01:40:12,239
Because of the weight
of poverty on our neck.

2116
01:40:12,239 --> 01:40:15,376
The denial of health care
on our neck.

2117
01:40:15,376 --> 01:40:17,444
'Cause what's happening

2118
01:40:17,444 --> 01:40:19,313
is metaphorically
the whole culture is saying,

2119
01:40:19,313 --> 01:40:20,547
"We can't breathe!"

2120
01:40:23,050 --> 01:40:26,553
Despite sometimes-
brutal police repression,

2121
01:40:26,553 --> 01:40:28,255
the protests grew

2122
01:40:28,255 --> 01:40:30,791
and began to target
broader injustices

2123
01:40:30,791 --> 01:40:31,792
and distorted priorities.

2124
01:40:31,792 --> 01:40:34,061
Look at the gear

2125
01:40:34,061 --> 01:40:36,463
and the equipment
that they have,

2126
01:40:36,463 --> 01:40:39,266
compared to hospital workers,

2127
01:40:39,266 --> 01:40:41,602
dressing themselves
in garbage bags,

2128
01:40:41,602 --> 01:40:43,737
being forced to use
the same N95 masks

2129
01:40:43,737 --> 01:40:46,006
for weeks at a time.

2130
01:40:47,207 --> 01:40:48,442
The protests

2131
01:40:48,442 --> 01:40:52,646
quickly became about more than
racist policing...

2132
01:40:52,646 --> 01:40:54,048
confronting the echoes

2133
01:40:54,048 --> 01:40:56,517
of corporate capitalism's
racist past.

2134
01:40:56,517 --> 01:41:01,055
Capitalism is racial capitalism.

2135
01:41:01,055 --> 01:41:03,924
The Industrial Revolution,

2136
01:41:03,924 --> 01:41:07,127
which pivoted around
the production of capital,

2137
01:41:07,127 --> 01:41:11,065
was enabled by slave labour
in the U.S.

2138
01:41:12,733 --> 01:41:14,968
There are calls to rethink

2139
01:41:14,968 --> 01:41:17,404
who we choose to honour
from our past.

2140
01:41:17,404 --> 01:41:20,774
Monuments to men
who were once honoured

2141
01:41:20,774 --> 01:41:22,976
now viewed by a new generation

2142
01:41:22,976 --> 01:41:25,712
as symbols of racism
and colonialism.

2143
01:41:25,712 --> 01:41:27,681
People are protesting

2144
01:41:27,681 --> 01:41:31,151
because they know
it doesn't have to be like this.

2145
01:41:31,151 --> 01:41:32,219
People only protest

2146
01:41:32,219 --> 01:41:34,521
what they believe
can be changed.

2147
01:41:34,521 --> 01:41:36,056
If folks didn't protest,

2148
01:41:36,056 --> 01:41:38,092
that'd mean
we really would be in trouble.

2149
01:41:39,393 --> 01:41:40,461
I don't believe

2150
01:41:40,461 --> 01:41:43,897
these are just protests
against police brutality.

2151
01:41:43,897 --> 01:41:46,667
We're seeing the convergence
of a class rebellion,

2152
01:41:46,667 --> 01:41:49,169
with racism at the centre of it.

2153
01:41:49,169 --> 01:41:51,738
I believe, without a doubt,

2154
01:41:51,738 --> 01:41:53,707
that change will come
from the protests.

2155
01:41:53,707 --> 01:41:55,876
It is not just Black people.

2156
01:41:55,876 --> 01:41:59,179
We can't be the same
coming out of this.

2157
01:41:59,179 --> 01:42:00,614
Too many people are suffering.

2158
01:42:00,614 --> 01:42:04,051
We must make
our political system respond.

2159
01:42:04,051 --> 01:42:05,219
We must do it

2160
01:42:05,219 --> 01:42:07,721
in our deepest moral
and non-violent traditions,

2161
01:42:07,721 --> 01:42:09,389
but it must not it be weak.

2162
01:42:09,389 --> 01:42:11,058
It has to be strong.

2163
01:42:11,058 --> 01:42:15,229
It has to last for the election
and beyond an election.

2164
01:42:19,433 --> 01:42:21,902
There is
a whole new spirit out there

2165
01:42:21,902 --> 01:42:22,903
that's saying

2166
01:42:22,903 --> 01:42:25,472
500 years of colonialism
is enough,

2167
01:42:25,472 --> 01:42:29,877
200 years of corporate rule
is enough,

2168
01:42:29,877 --> 01:42:34,615
200 years of the building
of a fossil-fuel age

2169
01:42:34,615 --> 01:42:35,916
is enough.

2170
01:42:35,916 --> 01:42:38,719
I see people who are waking up
to the realization

2171
01:42:38,719 --> 01:42:41,155
that, no, you don't go
start an app

2172
01:42:41,155 --> 01:42:42,389
if you want to change the world.

2173
01:42:42,389 --> 01:42:43,724
You actually
try to change the world

2174
01:42:43,724 --> 01:42:46,093
and de-rig a rigged system.

2175
01:42:46,093 --> 01:42:47,961
And, in a moment like this,

2176
01:42:47,961 --> 01:42:48,962
if you're not working

2177
01:42:48,962 --> 01:42:52,332
at that level
on those kinds of things,

2178
01:42:52,332 --> 01:42:54,101
you have to really ask yourself,

2179
01:42:54,101 --> 01:42:57,571
what was your role
in this moment of history?

2180
01:42:57,571 --> 01:42:59,640
We've been here before.

2181
01:42:59,640 --> 01:43:01,375
We've been at a place

2182
01:43:01,375 --> 01:43:03,377
where my ancestors

2183
01:43:03,377 --> 01:43:06,847
were bought and sold
for profit.

2184
01:43:06,847 --> 01:43:08,715
We've been at a place

2185
01:43:08,715 --> 01:43:12,052
where people routinely
died on the job.

2186
01:43:12,052 --> 01:43:13,720
And over time,

2187
01:43:13,720 --> 01:43:17,591
movements of ordinary people
have broken the chains

2188
01:43:17,591 --> 01:43:21,795
and have held corporations
and powerful people accountable

2189
01:43:21,795 --> 01:43:22,963
and changed the rules,

2190
01:43:22,963 --> 01:43:26,600
so that more people can flourish
and feel truly free.

2191
01:43:26,600 --> 01:43:28,068
I think we are in the midst

2192
01:43:28,068 --> 01:43:29,770
of another one
of those movements

2193
01:43:29,770 --> 01:43:30,771
right now,

2194
01:43:30,771 --> 01:43:33,240
where a lot of people,
all across the world,

2195
01:43:33,240 --> 01:43:35,842
are saying
"Enough is enough."