WEBVTT FILE

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Downloaded from
YTS.MX

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[dramatic music]

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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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[elephants rumbling]

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[splashing]

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[elephant trumpeting]

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[helicopter roaring]

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[tense music]

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[gun firing]

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[elephants trumpeting]

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Jambo [Hello]

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[spear thudding]
[elephants trumpeting]

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[peaceful music]

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[harp glissando]

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- [Narrator] Our
ancestors originally came

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from the tropical rainforest.

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So, the tropical
rainforest in a sense,

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is our Garden of Eden.
And the gardeners

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in the Garden of Eden are the
megafauna: the orangutans,

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the elephants, and
occasionally the rhinoceros,

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believe it or not.

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The fate of tropical rainforest

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is inextricably tied to the
fate of these megafauna.

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[elephant trumpeting]

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So, do we need rainforests?

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Of course we need rainforests.

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We need oxygen,
we need to breath.

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It's a cliché to say
by saving orangutans

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or by saving elephants,
we are saving ourselves.

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But it's actually true if
we look at the longterm.

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Humans are very bad at
looking at the long term.

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We want it now.

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- Yes, it's always very
difficult in our terribly busy,

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frantic, and dangerous world
to focus on non-human issues.

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But nevertheless there is
a massive crisis going on

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with wildlife around the world.

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And it's not just the
charismatic species

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that we're talking about.

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[cub growling]

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There are a ton
of smaller species

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that are also under
massive threat and species

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that we don't favor
quite so much.

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[hyena cackling]

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Evolution, or evolutionary
biologists, some might say,

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and certainly
creationists might say,

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and certainly religions might
say, that the human being

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is the pinnacle of evolution.

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[engine roaring]

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[baboon screeching]

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Well, if it is, we are one

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of the stupidest
species on the planet.

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Because I cannot think
of any other species

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that goes around intentionally
trashing its own home.

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So, if we're the
apex of evolution,

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then if there is a God,
He made a real mistake.

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- Once you understand there's
no sharp line dividing us

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from the rest of the animal
kingdom and that we are part

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of the animal kingdom and
not as we arrogantly suppose,

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somehow separated, you
then can ask yourself,

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"Well, okay how is it
that we're different?"

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because we are different.

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And I think it's the
explosive development

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of the human intellect.

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And so how come the most
intellectual species

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to ever walk the planet is
wiping out the other life forms,

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is destroying ecosystems...

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Because this, in the end,

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is going to lead
to our destruction.

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So, we destroy these
animals at our own peril

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without thinking of the
future of our own species.

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[plane roaring]

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The real cause of wildlife crime

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is corruption, and
corruption, it's greed.

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The real conflict
is powerful people,

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many times government
officials, who are the ones

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in the heart of organized crime,

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that's basically activating
hundreds of poachers,

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across many countries.

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The illegal wildlife trade is
not rooted in poverty at all.

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In fact, poverty has nothing
to do with this issue.

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It is in fact, the
rich and the powerful

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that actually are the
part of this problem.

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- These are people that
have made reputations

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and made a very, very, very
strong impact in the world

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and they've made that impact
in a very violent way.

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They've killed people, they've
executed entire families,

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they've bribed officials,
they've put people in places

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where they can make decisions

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that impact policies
and governments.

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You're not talking about you
know, your run of the mill,

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poor poacher who's running
around with a 1947 rifle.

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You're talking about
extremely powerful,

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extremely influential
people in positions of power

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that simply snap their fingers
and make people disappear.

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- [Director] Why are
we not just going

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in there with drones?

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- I thought you wanted
to hear the answer

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to the other question which
was a much better question.

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- [Director] Okay,
so the question is,

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are we losing this war?

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- Yes, right now
we certainly are.

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And it's not just that
we're losing the war,

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the rate at which we are
losing the war is increasing.

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There is evidence coming
across my desk every day

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of the gravity of the situation.

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It is more serious than anyone
can express standing here.

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It's certainly easier to
say, well, it isn't that bad.

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I'm looking at a small portion.

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My job is to look
at the big scale.

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I've worked in the
field in parks.

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I've worked in countries.

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I've worked on regions.

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Now I look at bigger picture

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and that bigger picture is
really serious right now.

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- My interest in organized
crime came from years

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of being a journalist,
working in conflict areas

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and unstable areas of the world.

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And what I found was
no matter where I went

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whatever the so-called
problem of the day was,

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was predicated on
crime and corruption.

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The U.S. government
could have more impact

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if we go after the networks
that facilitate all sorts

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of organized crime,
instead of trying

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to fight specific types
of organized crime.

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There are far fewer people
who know how to launder

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and move large amounts
of illicit cash

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than there are poachers sneaking
into parks across Africa.

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If we can stop the money,
make it harder for them

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to move money through the
global financial system

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we're going to have more
impact in shutting this down.

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And not just the ivory problem,

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but the human trafficking
problem, tax evasion,

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the departure of
revenues from corrupt

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and developing countries.

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There are all sorts of
treaties that already exist

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that prohibit the extraction
of natural resources

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illegally from Africa.

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We could be applying those
to the wildlife trade.

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And we need to think about this

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as not just a
ecological disaster

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but a national security issues,

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an international security issue.

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The people who are moving ivory,

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the people who are
moving rhino horn,

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are the same people who
are moving young women

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from Bangkok to
Africa and Europe,

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the same people who
are moving drugs up

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into consumer markets.

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It's the people who
have the capacity

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to move illegal products

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through the global
transport system.

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And it's the people
who have the capacity

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to launder illicit money

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through the global
transport system.

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And so what the United States,

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and pretty much every
other government does,

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is they stovepipe all of
those different commodities

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and they give different
departments the responsibility

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to deal with those
different commodities.

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So, we will have a department
that handles wildlife,

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we'll have a department
that deals with narcotics

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and a department that
handles terrorism.

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And the bad guys are
all working together.

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You know, you never
see a drug trafficker

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in Afghanistan who says,

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"I'm not giving that Al Qaeda
guy my heroine to carry.

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"He doesn't have the
authorities to carry my dope."

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No, they're all
working together.

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- It's a wide range of
different kinds of groups.

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Some are groups that
have been designated

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as terrorist organizations
by the U.S. government.

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Some are rebel militias, some
are organized crime networks

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and some are actually
state actors,

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military or police units
that are taking advantage

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of natural resources in the
region, for their own profits.

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- One of the biggest and
least discussed problems

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in the world today is that
the illicit extraction

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of resources from most
developing countries

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is about 10 times what
they get in foreign aid.

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So you're never going to
get ahead of this problem

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until we can stop it.

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If we can stop the money

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we're gonna have more impact
in shutting this down.

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We'll be able to have
much more of an impact

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against these violent
networks if we go after them

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for their totality of
their activities for drugs,

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for wildlife, for
people, for guns.

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I hear these going in Africa
as cheap as 75 dollars.

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A better quality one may
be $100, $150, $200 dollars

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depending on what they are.

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- These are not
hunting guns, right?

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- No, they're the best thing
ever made for shooting people.

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Serious, that's
what they're for.

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They're for shooting people.

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It's not a competition gun.

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It's not really
intended for hunting.

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It's really probably one
of the most efficient guns

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ever made for
shooting bad people.

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That's why they are so
prolific in the world.

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- This rhino horn here
weighs six, seven pounds.

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I don't remember if this
is the front or the back.

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I don't know that much
about them, but alls I know

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is this right here
on the retail market

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is worth about 650,000 dollars.

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That amazes me to think
that, because what

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that equivalates to is somewhere
around 35,000 of these.

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When you got $650,000 dollars
in that horn right there

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and you can buy a bunch
of these, how much terror

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do you think this
whole game drives?

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It's about a weapon
bought to kill an elephant

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and then used to rob a bank.

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It's about entire
local communities,
poor local communities,

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getting exploited by
traffickers that arrive

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and offer five,
six years salary.

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Of course, they kill an elephant
for five years of salary

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in Africa; they will do
it here in Los Angeles.

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- What we got here is
about a four-foot tusk

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that came off a 20
year old elephant.

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This thing is worth
about 400,000 dollars.

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You can see how that
drives the problem.

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- So when we're talking
about the extinction

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of those species, I'm
thinking of the cost in terms

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of individual suffering,
to highly intelligent

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and highly emotional beings.

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And to me this is
absolutely terrible.

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The sale of illegally
killed ivory is being used

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to actually enable terrorists
groups to buy the weapons.

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[dramatic music]

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The terrible massacre
in Nairobi was funded

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by the sale of ivory.

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So, the whole
situation has escalated

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into something that's
very frightening.

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It's not only impacting
the elephants,

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but it's also impacting
the security of nations.

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It's incredibly important
that people wake up

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and understand exactly
what's going on

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and exactly the price in
suffering that's being caused.

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[gun firing]

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[dramatic music]

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- The terrorist attack

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on the shopping mall in Nairobi

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was a big eye opener
for a lot of officials

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in the defense department, in
the intelligence community,

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in the law
enforcement community,

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that actually there was
something to this link

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between wildlife
trafficking and violence.

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Al Shabaab could be defeated,
but I think the United States

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and its partners
could be smarter

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about combating the message
that these organizations give.

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They shouldn't be engaging
in extortion, kidnapping,

251
00:14:58.419 --> 00:15:01.683
all of that is haram,
forbidden by Islam.

252
00:15:01.770 --> 00:15:05.600
Nobody takes them on according
to the precepts of Islam.

253
00:15:05.687 --> 00:15:07.907
These guys who call
themselves Mullahs,

254
00:15:07.994 --> 00:15:12.041
who call themselves
Holy Warriors, are
actually just crooks.

255
00:15:12.128 --> 00:15:14.652
[tense music]

256
00:15:20.006 --> 00:15:22.008
- You got Boko Haram,
you got ISIS over there,

257
00:15:22.095 --> 00:15:23.400
you got all these
different people

258
00:15:23.487 --> 00:15:26.360
that are running
child slavery, drugs,

259
00:15:26.447 --> 00:15:27.535
whatever they're doing.

260
00:15:27.622 --> 00:15:28.928
I mean you got child soldiers,

261
00:15:29.015 --> 00:15:30.190
they're just brainwashed
to shoot anybody

262
00:15:30.277 --> 00:15:31.539
that gets in their path.

263
00:15:31.626 --> 00:15:33.193
The pictures I've seen is like,

264
00:15:33.280 --> 00:15:35.543
I mean the elephants are,
trust me, that's bad,

265
00:15:35.630 --> 00:15:37.937
but when you see what they
do to children it's like, uh.

266
00:15:40.765 --> 00:15:42.767
- In the Democratic
Republic of Congo,

267
00:15:42.854 --> 00:15:45.292
5.4 million people
were dead as a result

268
00:15:45.379 --> 00:15:48.164
of war related
causes as of 2007.

269
00:15:48.251 --> 00:15:51.037
And the fighting has
continued since then.

270
00:15:51.124 --> 00:15:54.040
Joseph Kony has been
active as the leader

271
00:15:54.127 --> 00:15:57.391
of the Lord's Resistance
Army for a very long time.

272
00:15:57.478 --> 00:16:00.089
Hundreds of thousands of
children have been abducted,

273
00:16:00.176 --> 00:16:05.181
enslaved, forced to
do hard labor, raped,

274
00:16:06.008 --> 00:16:07.618
kept as sexual slaves.

275
00:16:07.705 --> 00:16:11.057
And we know that one of
their most lucrative sources

276
00:16:11.144 --> 00:16:13.015
of income is trading ivory.

277
00:16:13.102 --> 00:16:17.063
They trade pieces of ivory
for things like, boots,

278
00:16:17.150 --> 00:16:21.806
and bullets, boxes of
bullets for a piece of ivory,

279
00:16:21.893 --> 00:16:25.985
carried by someone who's
forced to be a porter,

280
00:16:26.072 --> 00:16:28.378
for hundreds of
miles in some cases.

281
00:16:29.466 --> 00:16:30.946
Some of the products
that come out

282
00:16:31.033 --> 00:16:34.123
of this organized crime
networks are found

283
00:16:34.210 --> 00:16:36.343
in your cell phones and
your laptop computers.

284
00:16:36.430 --> 00:16:38.040
But this is a personal issue

285
00:16:38.127 --> 00:16:41.478
because we are buying
products that contain minerals

286
00:16:41.565 --> 00:16:43.089
that come from this region.

287
00:16:44.307 --> 00:16:47.310
- Every one of us in
the developed world

288
00:16:47.397 --> 00:16:51.097
has some kind of mobile,
electronic device in our pocket.

289
00:16:51.184 --> 00:16:55.101
And our mobile phones and
laptops need tantalum.

290
00:16:55.188 --> 00:16:57.581
And one of the places on earth
where you can find tantalum

291
00:16:57.668 --> 00:17:00.976
is underground in the
Democratic Republic of Congo.

292
00:17:01.063 --> 00:17:03.109
And you have militias
fighting over bits of land

293
00:17:03.196 --> 00:17:06.068
that they could control the
mining in and use the money

294
00:17:06.155 --> 00:17:09.593
to buy guns, which has resulted
in millions of people dying,

295
00:17:09.680 --> 00:17:14.163
and the decline in apes,
elephants, and hardwoods.

296
00:17:14.250 --> 00:17:17.645
And in the illegal mines that
are controlled by rebels,

297
00:17:17.732 --> 00:17:19.473
they feed the
workers on bushmeat.

298
00:17:19.560 --> 00:17:22.041
If you're buying
tantalum from the DRC,

299
00:17:22.128 --> 00:17:26.132
you are helping to fund armed
militias who are raping women

300
00:17:26.219 --> 00:17:29.309
and using child labor to dig
the stuff out of the ground.

301
00:17:31.702 --> 00:17:34.227
- Animals belong in the parks.

302
00:17:34.314 --> 00:17:36.794
We don't have any connection
between us and animals.

303
00:17:36.881 --> 00:17:39.667
Animals are for tourists;
they're not for us.

304
00:17:39.754 --> 00:17:41.147
Yes?

305
00:17:41.234 --> 00:17:42.626
It has been like that
for a very long time.

306
00:17:42.713 --> 00:17:44.280
But things are changing;
people have started

307
00:17:44.367 --> 00:17:47.066
to understand we need to
protect these animals.

308
00:17:48.154 --> 00:17:49.416
The biggest problem we have

309
00:17:49.503 --> 00:17:54.508
is our local people
don't understand.

310
00:17:56.075 --> 00:17:58.077
They have grown up with
these animals in the past.

311
00:17:58.164 --> 00:18:01.123
They have lived with them,
they used to kill buffaloes

312
00:18:01.210 --> 00:18:04.431
and rhinos and leave
some to survive.

313
00:18:04.518 --> 00:18:09.523
But with the exit of the
colonial, when they left,

314
00:18:10.959 --> 00:18:13.962
so they decided let's have
these animals in the parks.

315
00:18:14.049 --> 00:18:16.051
The communities around
those animals felt

316
00:18:16.138 --> 00:18:18.271
it is not up to us, it's
not our responsibility

317
00:18:18.358 --> 00:18:20.360
to take care of these animals,
it's up to the government

318
00:18:20.447 --> 00:18:21.491
of the day to do it.

319
00:18:21.578 --> 00:18:23.232
So, even if they get killed,

320
00:18:23.319 --> 00:18:25.016
even if you have poachers
coming in to kill animals,

321
00:18:25.104 --> 00:18:26.061
it's up to them.

322
00:18:26.148 --> 00:18:27.932
So there's this disconnect.

323
00:18:28.019 --> 00:18:30.109
People really don't
really understand,

324
00:18:30.196 --> 00:18:33.895
why there's such big fuss
about killing animals.

325
00:18:33.982 --> 00:18:36.898
It's not a big deal;
it's not a very big deal.

326
00:18:36.985 --> 00:18:40.858
Three decades ago we had 24,000
rhinos, now we have 1041.

327
00:18:43.426 --> 00:18:47.387
That tells you that a child
who is, my four year old son,

328
00:18:47.474 --> 00:18:50.694
will not have a chance of seeing
these rhino in the next 15,

329
00:18:50.781 --> 00:18:53.219
20 years if something
is not done.

330
00:18:53.306 --> 00:18:55.960
But most of the killings
that are taking place,

331
00:18:56.047 --> 00:18:59.834
most of the rhinos that die,
die inside the protected area.

332
00:19:01.923 --> 00:19:06.928
KWS knows who is killing
rhinos in this country.

333
00:19:08.364 --> 00:19:10.279
They have admitted in the
past that rhinos are dying

334
00:19:10.366 --> 00:19:13.195
and some of their own
personnel are involved.

335
00:19:15.328 --> 00:19:18.940
What you can't get your
head around is how poachers

336
00:19:19.027 --> 00:19:21.247
can manage to get
into national parks.

337
00:19:21.334 --> 00:19:25.251
Last year for instance, for
instance, January last year,

338
00:19:25.338 --> 00:19:29.516
we had a family of 12 elephants
killed on the same spot.

339
00:19:29.603 --> 00:19:32.171
[somber music]

340
00:19:33.346 --> 00:19:36.566
Twelve elephants, among
them a very small calf.

341
00:19:38.046 --> 00:19:42.398
The poachers managed to walk
away with 22 ivory tusks.

342
00:19:46.141 --> 00:19:48.448
You can't do it, 10
of you cannot do it.

343
00:19:52.234 --> 00:19:55.759
22 ivory tusks,
10 armed poachers,

344
00:19:55.846 --> 00:19:57.370
with their guns on their backs.

345
00:19:58.719 --> 00:20:01.548
You have aerial surveillance;
you have ground boots,

346
00:20:02.723 --> 00:20:04.377
boots on the ground
from KWS rangers,

347
00:20:04.464 --> 00:20:06.988
and reinforcements
from other agencies.

348
00:20:07.075 --> 00:20:08.990
And these people get away?

349
00:20:09.077 --> 00:20:12.167
Something is very wrong,
something extremely wrong

350
00:20:12.254 --> 00:20:14.082
in this country, yes.

351
00:20:19.305 --> 00:20:22.046
[fire crackling]

352
00:20:24.788 --> 00:20:28.705
- It's about tax evasion,
it's about funds to terrorism

353
00:20:28.792 --> 00:20:31.882
and militias, it's
about money laundering.

354
00:20:31.969 --> 00:20:34.450
So, the human toll is big.

355
00:20:34.537 --> 00:20:38.541
So, the responsibility
of China is also that.

356
00:20:40.804 --> 00:20:45.679
We should start talking to
the Chinese also about that.

357
00:20:45.766 --> 00:20:50.771
Because behind an ivory
trinket bought in China,

358
00:20:51.641 --> 00:20:53.121
there is someone, not something,

359
00:20:53.208 --> 00:20:55.950
someone on the ground, dead.

360
00:20:56.907 --> 00:20:59.736
[dramatic music]

361
00:20:59.823 --> 00:21:01.564
You have basically two fronts,

362
00:21:01.651 --> 00:21:04.611
you have the African front
and the Chinese front, okay?

363
00:21:04.698 --> 00:21:07.701
The African front is
complicated, it's complex.

364
00:21:07.788 --> 00:21:11.008
You have a lot of players,
all trafficking with ivory,

365
00:21:11.095 --> 00:21:13.228
with rhino horn, with
other wildlife products.

366
00:21:13.315 --> 00:21:15.883
The second front is China.

367
00:21:15.970 --> 00:21:19.278
Right now, the single
most important factor

368
00:21:19.365 --> 00:21:23.978
behind elephant poaching is the
legal ivory market in China.

369
00:21:24.065 --> 00:21:26.285
It's very simple to understand;
it's not rocket science,

370
00:21:26.372 --> 00:21:28.765
it's not happening on the
moon, it's happening in China.

371
00:21:28.852 --> 00:21:33.204
So, the legal ivory market
in China is the reason

372
00:21:33.292 --> 00:21:36.120
why you have a
huge illegal trade

373
00:21:36.207 --> 00:21:39.036
and illegal underground
market in China.

374
00:21:39.123 --> 00:21:41.909
It's acting like a
giant vacuum cleaner,

375
00:21:41.996 --> 00:21:45.521
sucking up tons and tons of
ivory from all over Africa.

376
00:21:45.608 --> 00:21:47.088
That's very easy to understand.

377
00:21:47.175 --> 00:21:50.178
And the solution also is
very easy to understand.

378
00:21:51.397 --> 00:21:52.746
They have to simply phase out

379
00:21:52.833 --> 00:21:55.966
the legal ivory
market, that's it.

380
00:21:57.316 --> 00:22:00.362
- In China, Vietnam
some of these rich guys

381
00:22:00.449 --> 00:22:02.756
grind this stuff up and snort
it and make tea out of it.

382
00:22:02.843 --> 00:22:04.105
I don't know what
they do, but they seem

383
00:22:04.192 --> 00:22:05.454
to think it makes
their dick hard.

384
00:22:05.541 --> 00:22:06.673
You know what I mean?

385
00:22:06.760 --> 00:22:08.414
That's what they
make Viagra for.

386
00:22:08.501 --> 00:22:10.198
I mean, come on.

387
00:22:10.285 --> 00:22:11.939
You need to kill a fucking
rhino to get your dick hard?

388
00:22:12.026 --> 00:22:13.984
You got a bigger
problem than you think.

389
00:22:19.990 --> 00:22:24.343
- When we look at the commercial
exploitation of wildlife,

390
00:22:24.430 --> 00:22:27.781
we always look at
the whole chain,

391
00:22:27.868 --> 00:22:30.523
from poaching to
trafficking to demand.

392
00:22:30.610 --> 00:22:35.397
We focus on all three major
links on that trade chain.

393
00:22:35.484 --> 00:22:39.793
This legal market is providing
cover for illegal trade

394
00:22:39.880 --> 00:22:42.709
and it also confuse
the consumers

395
00:22:42.796 --> 00:22:46.756
and makes them feel
it's okay to buy ivory.

396
00:22:46.843 --> 00:22:50.151
- [Narrator] In 2007 a
CITES one-off ivory sale

397
00:22:50.238 --> 00:22:52.414
created an insatiable
Asian demand

398
00:22:52.501 --> 00:22:55.156
which drove this global
poaching epidemic.

399
00:22:56.723 --> 00:22:59.334
- We found that
70% of the Chinese

400
00:22:59.421 --> 00:23:03.382
do not know ivory comes
from dead elephants.

401
00:23:03.469 --> 00:23:08.169
In Chinese, elephant tusk
is called elephant teeth.

402
00:23:08.256 --> 00:23:10.780
And so when it's,
teeth people thought

403
00:23:10.867 --> 00:23:13.522
that you know a person's
teeth can fall off

404
00:23:13.609 --> 00:23:15.568
and a person
doesn't have to die.

405
00:23:20.877 --> 00:23:23.489
- You know, I go to
China every year.

406
00:23:23.576 --> 00:23:25.969
I have been for
many, many years.

407
00:23:26.056 --> 00:23:29.625
And I didn't realize that
so many of the Chinese

408
00:23:29.712 --> 00:23:32.062
believe that elephants
shed their tusks

409
00:23:32.149 --> 00:23:34.587
just like stags
shed their antlers.

410
00:23:35.501 --> 00:23:37.677
The Chinese people are beginning

411
00:23:37.764 --> 00:23:41.855
to wake up to the
seriousness of the situation.

412
00:23:41.942 --> 00:23:45.902
It's important that
people understand
that the United States

413
00:23:45.989 --> 00:23:48.644
has been the second
largest importer

414
00:23:48.731 --> 00:23:51.255
of illegal ivory after China.

415
00:23:51.342 --> 00:23:53.562
- It's not enough that
we're pointing fingers

416
00:23:53.649 --> 00:23:55.172
at the Chinese.

417
00:23:55.259 --> 00:23:56.826
We should look at ourselves,
and what we've done

418
00:23:56.913 --> 00:24:00.874
to Africa and what we
owe the African continent

419
00:24:00.961 --> 00:24:03.180
for what we've taken from them.

420
00:24:03.267 --> 00:24:04.965
It's something that
we as Americans

421
00:24:05.052 --> 00:24:07.446
have to take
responsibility for, too.

422
00:24:07.533 --> 00:24:11.406
It's not just Chinese who
are suddenly buying all

423
00:24:11.493 --> 00:24:12.973
of the ivory.

424
00:24:13.060 --> 00:24:15.192
We have a long history
of doing it ourselves,

425
00:24:15.279 --> 00:24:17.238
starting in the 1800s

426
00:24:17.325 --> 00:24:20.067
when we imported tusks
for what purpose?

427
00:24:20.154 --> 00:24:23.549
We had elephants killed in
order to make billiard balls,

428
00:24:23.636 --> 00:24:27.901
the ivory keys for
pianos, for knick-knacks.

429
00:24:27.988 --> 00:24:32.166
Millions of elephants
died for our purposes.

430
00:24:33.646 --> 00:24:35.778
- [Narrator] Every elephant
tusk represents the death

431
00:24:35.865 --> 00:24:38.912
or enslavement of five Africans.

432
00:24:38.999 --> 00:24:41.262
It is simply incredible
that, because ivory

433
00:24:41.349 --> 00:24:44.874
is required, the rich heart of
Africa should be laid waste.

434
00:24:44.961 --> 00:24:47.355
That populations,
tribes and nations

435
00:24:47.442 --> 00:24:49.052
should be utterly destroyed.

436
00:24:49.139 --> 00:24:51.838
Whom after all does this
bloody seizure enrich?

437
00:24:53.187 --> 00:24:54.710
- When firearms came to Africa,

438
00:24:54.797 --> 00:24:57.104
that's when elephant
numbers started to plummet.

439
00:24:57.191 --> 00:24:58.584
It was thought that then there

440
00:24:58.671 --> 00:25:00.107
were probably 10 million
elephants in Africa,

441
00:25:00.194 --> 00:25:01.978
now there are fewer
than half a million.

442
00:25:02.065 --> 00:25:06.635
So, we've lost 95% of the
workforce of the forest,

443
00:25:06.722 --> 00:25:09.116
that recycles nutrients,
disperses seeds

444
00:25:09.203 --> 00:25:11.466
and creates the
forests of tomorrow.

445
00:25:13.337 --> 00:25:14.687
- We're running out of time.

446
00:25:15.862 --> 00:25:17.646
There was room for
experimentation.

447
00:25:17.733 --> 00:25:21.041
There is no more
margin for error.

448
00:25:21.128 --> 00:25:23.130
Things are so desperate
in so many places,

449
00:25:23.217 --> 00:25:26.960
that either we fix the
problem in the coming days,

450
00:25:27.047 --> 00:25:31.486
weeks and months, and not
even years, or it very likely,

451
00:25:31.573 --> 00:25:34.097
in many places in
Africa will be too late.

452
00:25:36.186 --> 00:25:38.928
[dramatic music]

453
00:25:49.417 --> 00:25:51.941
- I think a lot of non-profits

454
00:25:52.028 --> 00:25:55.249
overwhelm their audience
with doom and gloom.

455
00:25:55.336 --> 00:25:59.035
And so I think collectively
we need to find a better way

456
00:25:59.122 --> 00:26:01.472
to disseminate this information.

457
00:26:01.560 --> 00:26:03.823
And again get people
inspired and empowered.

458
00:26:03.910 --> 00:26:05.868
That's why I think
you still have

459
00:26:05.955 --> 00:26:07.609
to look for those gems of hope.

460
00:26:07.696 --> 00:26:09.916
And that's one of the reasons
why, right now I'm trying

461
00:26:10.003 --> 00:26:12.919
to focus more on the
survivors of these poaching.

462
00:26:14.355 --> 00:26:16.487
So, what a lot of people
don't recognize and realize

463
00:26:16.575 --> 00:26:20.013
is that not all
poached animals die.

464
00:26:20.100 --> 00:26:22.058
So, we actually have
a lot of survivors

465
00:26:22.145 --> 00:26:24.147
on the continent of Africa.

466
00:26:24.234 --> 00:26:26.062
Orphaned rhinos,
orphaned elephants,

467
00:26:26.149 --> 00:26:28.064
there's a whole new
generation of animals

468
00:26:28.151 --> 00:26:30.371
being raised that have
gone through traumas.

469
00:26:31.807 --> 00:26:34.593
[peaceful music]

470
00:26:41.164 --> 00:26:43.384
- So, the one in
front is Mashariki,

471
00:26:43.471 --> 00:26:48.476
followed by Lakipi, Valdo,
Moisha, Emilio, Pundani & Aruba.

472
00:26:54.264 --> 00:26:56.397
Well, all these babies
have become orphans

473
00:26:56.484 --> 00:26:58.181
due to different reasons.

474
00:26:58.268 --> 00:27:01.402
Some of them, their mothers
have been killed by poachers,

475
00:27:01.489 --> 00:27:03.839
due to increase in
the trade on ivory,

476
00:27:03.926 --> 00:27:06.625
which is a real, real
problem at the moment.

477
00:27:09.105 --> 00:27:11.064
'Cause normally,
they're not found alone,

478
00:27:11.151 --> 00:27:12.848
they should be with
their families.

479
00:27:17.418 --> 00:27:18.680
And some of them some of
them have become orphans

480
00:27:18.767 --> 00:27:19.942
from human wildlife conflict,

481
00:27:20.029 --> 00:27:21.422
which means they've
been separated

482
00:27:21.509 --> 00:27:23.250
from their mothers
by human beings.

483
00:27:27.428 --> 00:27:31.737
- There is an unofficial
high mortality rate

484
00:27:31.824 --> 00:27:34.478
among orphans in Africa,
elephant orphans.

485
00:27:34.565 --> 00:27:37.046
They're using these
homemade recipes

486
00:27:37.133 --> 00:27:40.397
that no one has really properly
researched or documented.

487
00:27:40.484 --> 00:27:42.356
But I think there's
more to the equation.

488
00:27:42.443 --> 00:27:44.793
I think it may be
sort of a combination

489
00:27:44.880 --> 00:27:49.885
of medical, emotional
needs, social needs.

490
00:27:50.973 --> 00:27:53.628
When you have a
survivor of a poaching,

491
00:27:53.715 --> 00:27:55.761
whether it's an orphan
who's witnessed his

492
00:27:55.848 --> 00:27:58.938
or her mother killed or
an attempted poaching.

493
00:27:59.025 --> 00:28:01.941
Sometimes an animal will
have a traumatic wound

494
00:28:02.028 --> 00:28:02.942
that they survive.

495
00:28:05.379 --> 00:28:09.949
What we see is that they
have these emotional,

496
00:28:10.036 --> 00:28:11.298
behavioral profiles similar

497
00:28:11.385 --> 00:28:13.474
to post-traumatic
stress disorder.

498
00:28:13.561 --> 00:28:16.869
And oftentimes if we don't
immediately intervene

499
00:28:16.956 --> 00:28:19.959
and sort of act as
their mother figure,

500
00:28:20.046 --> 00:28:22.091
they give up the will to live.

501
00:28:22.178 --> 00:28:26.487
So, you don't always lose
orphans due to a medical issue,

502
00:28:26.574 --> 00:28:29.229
oftentimes it can just
be an emotional issue.

503
00:28:31.971 --> 00:28:33.189
- There's been an
increase in terms

504
00:28:33.276 --> 00:28:35.017
of the number of orphans

505
00:28:35.104 --> 00:28:37.628
that are coming to us, which
means poaching is increasing,

506
00:28:37.716 --> 00:28:39.500
but you know poaching
is not the only reason

507
00:28:39.587 --> 00:28:40.544
that is causing
them to be orphans,

508
00:28:40.631 --> 00:28:42.372
but it is the main reason.

509
00:28:42.459 --> 00:28:44.853
Others are orphans from
human-wildlife conflict,

510
00:28:44.940 --> 00:28:48.335
they have been separated from
the families by human beings,

511
00:28:48.422 --> 00:28:50.250
due to increase in
the population of man,

512
00:28:50.337 --> 00:28:52.513
compared to the space
or size of land.

513
00:28:52.600 --> 00:28:55.168
And that causes the
fights every now and then.

514
00:28:57.431 --> 00:28:58.954
[speaking in Swahili]

515
00:28:59.041 --> 00:29:00.695
- The poachers want
the big elephants

516
00:29:00.782 --> 00:29:02.349
with the tusks.

517
00:29:02.436 --> 00:29:04.438
Usually those are the
eldest animals, the females,

518
00:29:06.048 --> 00:29:08.529
the matriarchs, the
grandmothers, who
know where to go

519
00:29:08.616 --> 00:29:11.010
and what to do
and how to behave.

520
00:29:11.097 --> 00:29:13.099
So, with them gone,
when they're taken out

521
00:29:13.186 --> 00:29:15.449
of the population,
what do you have left?

522
00:29:15.536 --> 00:29:16.885
You have teenagers.

523
00:29:16.972 --> 00:29:19.670
You have, just imagine
if in your town,

524
00:29:19.758 --> 00:29:22.891
if all the adults suddenly
vanished and all you had left

525
00:29:22.978 --> 00:29:25.894
were the teenagers of the high
school or the junior high.

526
00:29:25.981 --> 00:29:28.201
How well do you think
society would operate?

527
00:29:36.818 --> 00:29:38.864
- You know, saving the
world is not a part time job

528
00:29:38.951 --> 00:29:40.343
and it is not without risk.

529
00:29:42.084 --> 00:29:43.346
We've been seeing things
going in the wrong direction

530
00:29:43.433 --> 00:29:45.000
in most places for many years.

531
00:29:45.087 --> 00:29:47.394
And it's just not an issue
that you can quantify

532
00:29:47.481 --> 00:29:49.135
with wildlife surveys.

533
00:29:49.222 --> 00:29:53.487
What we've been seeing is the
collapse of the way of life

534
00:29:53.574 --> 00:29:56.316
that has served
Africa for millennia,

535
00:29:56.403 --> 00:29:59.319
the relationship between people
and the natural resources.

536
00:30:01.538 --> 00:30:02.888
- You've got to save every one

537
00:30:02.975 --> 00:30:04.367
of these animals
in the rainforest.

538
00:30:04.454 --> 00:30:06.630
You got to save the
habitat. What we've seen

539
00:30:06.717 --> 00:30:08.545
in a lot of these places that
saving the habitat itself

540
00:30:08.632 --> 00:30:12.680
is not enough because poaching
is so strong in some places

541
00:30:12.767 --> 00:30:15.248
that it just cleans
out whatever species

542
00:30:15.335 --> 00:30:17.250
are out there in the forest.

543
00:30:17.337 --> 00:30:19.905
[elephants trumpet]

544
00:30:19.992 --> 00:30:21.776
And the elephants, of course,

545
00:30:21.863 --> 00:30:25.519
are a critical element
in these rainforests.

546
00:30:25.606 --> 00:30:28.304
Elephants are the
bellwether of Africa.

547
00:30:28.391 --> 00:30:31.133
As elephants go, so
will everything else go.

548
00:30:31.220 --> 00:30:33.048
They're so big,
they're so dominant,

549
00:30:36.791 --> 00:30:39.098
they're now so valuable, that
the best way to get a read

550
00:30:39.185 --> 00:30:41.622
on the natural state of an area,
that should have elephants,

551
00:30:41.709 --> 00:30:43.232
is to go in and see if
they're there are not,

552
00:30:43.319 --> 00:30:44.843
usually it's not now.

553
00:30:47.280 --> 00:30:48.977
If they like to breathe,

554
00:30:49.064 --> 00:30:50.370
it's probably a good thing
to save the forest, isn't it?

555
00:30:50.457 --> 00:30:51.937
But maybe they don't
think about that.

556
00:30:52.024 --> 00:30:54.461
They want a stable
climate you have to look

557
00:30:54.548 --> 00:30:56.593
at the integrity
and the function,

558
00:30:56.680 --> 00:30:58.552
it's called ecosystem services.

559
00:31:00.249 --> 00:31:02.208
- [Jane] The elephants
open up the forests

560
00:31:02.295 --> 00:31:04.471
so that new life can grow,

561
00:31:04.558 --> 00:31:06.908
they transport
seeds in their dung.

562
00:31:06.995 --> 00:31:09.737
Chimpanzees do exactly
the same; they take seeds

563
00:31:09.824 --> 00:31:11.870
and spread them
around in the forest.

564
00:31:13.001 --> 00:31:15.743
[peaceful music]

565
00:31:19.573 --> 00:31:22.706
[elephants trumpeting]

566
00:31:24.143 --> 00:31:26.972
[leaves rustling]

567
00:31:28.103 --> 00:31:32.194
- Elephants disperse
more seeds individually,

568
00:31:32.281 --> 00:31:35.545
of more species of
trees and other plants,

569
00:31:35.632 --> 00:31:39.288
further than any other animal.

570
00:31:39.375 --> 00:31:40.855
And they do that
wherever they live.

571
00:31:40.942 --> 00:31:44.293
So, 50 countries, 37 in Africa,

572
00:31:44.380 --> 00:31:48.863
13 in Asia, have natural
elephant populations.

573
00:31:48.950 --> 00:31:50.821
[mysterious music]

574
00:31:50.909 --> 00:31:54.738
- [Mike] Elephants in particular
are unique in the sense

575
00:31:54.825 --> 00:31:58.525
that their digestive
process is so intense

576
00:31:58.612 --> 00:32:00.875
there are seeds
from certain trees

577
00:32:00.962 --> 00:32:03.356
that will not germinate
unless they've passed

578
00:32:03.443 --> 00:32:04.748
through an elephant's gut.

579
00:32:07.447 --> 00:32:10.798
So, the reason that people
kill trees in Africa

580
00:32:10.885 --> 00:32:12.887
is because they want
the carbon that's stored

581
00:32:12.974 --> 00:32:14.715
in the tree as a fuel.

582
00:32:14.802 --> 00:32:17.022
They want to use
it for charcoal.

583
00:32:17.109 --> 00:32:18.501
[smoke hissing]

584
00:32:18.588 --> 00:32:21.461
The forest is an
extremely valuable asset

585
00:32:21.548 --> 00:32:24.029
that the government has to
try and keep its hands off.

586
00:32:24.116 --> 00:32:26.553
If they don't and that
forest disappears,

587
00:32:26.640 --> 00:32:29.295
we will never keep
climate to two degrees.

588
00:32:31.819 --> 00:32:33.081
If you value the forest,

589
00:32:33.168 --> 00:32:35.040
protect the gardeners
of the forest.

590
00:32:35.127 --> 00:32:36.998
They are not ornaments,
they are not things

591
00:32:37.085 --> 00:32:39.131
to go and see on holiday.

592
00:32:39.218 --> 00:32:43.048
Every gorilla, every
elephant, every howler monkey

593
00:32:43.135 --> 00:32:46.051
in Latin America, or
tapir, are working for us,

594
00:32:46.138 --> 00:32:48.662
dispersing seeds for
the trees of tomorrow.

595
00:32:48.749 --> 00:32:50.664
And if we want
those carbon stores

596
00:32:50.751 --> 00:32:54.929
and those rainwater-generating
forests to continue

597
00:32:55.016 --> 00:32:56.757
into the next century,
we have to make sure

598
00:32:56.844 --> 00:32:59.847
that the seeds are being
sown today to do that job.

599
00:33:02.241 --> 00:33:03.546
People think there's a forest

600
00:33:03.633 --> 00:33:05.418
and then you put
some animals in, no.

601
00:33:05.505 --> 00:33:08.160
The animals and the
trees and the bacteria

602
00:33:08.247 --> 00:33:10.640
are all part of that
forest ecosystem.

603
00:33:10.727 --> 00:33:12.077
And one of the
things that gorillas

604
00:33:12.164 --> 00:33:15.123
do spectacularly well
is produce manure.

605
00:33:15.210 --> 00:33:18.648
A gorilla will eat and
produce something like,

606
00:33:18.735 --> 00:33:22.000
between 10 and 20 kilos
of dung every day.

607
00:33:22.087 --> 00:33:23.349
That's about one
hundred kilos a week.

608
00:33:23.436 --> 00:33:26.395
In 10 weeks that's
a ton of manure

609
00:33:26.482 --> 00:33:27.788
being spread around the forest.

610
00:33:27.875 --> 00:33:30.095
And in that manure are seeds.

611
00:33:30.182 --> 00:33:32.140
Elephants are even
more important

612
00:33:32.227 --> 00:33:33.620
as gardeners of the forest.

613
00:33:33.707 --> 00:33:35.491
If gorillas are the
gardeners of the forest,

614
00:33:35.578 --> 00:33:37.841
elephants are the
mega-gardeners,
because they're so big.

615
00:33:39.843 --> 00:33:41.845
But we're so taken
aback by how powerful

616
00:33:41.932 --> 00:33:44.631
they are, we think
they're indestructible.

617
00:33:44.718 --> 00:33:47.460
[leaves rustling]

618
00:33:47.547 --> 00:33:50.115
As human development has
grown and elephant habitat

619
00:33:50.202 --> 00:33:53.509
has shrunk, the elephants
are constantly coming up

620
00:33:53.596 --> 00:33:56.295
against people who
are unfriendly, who
are chasing them out

621
00:33:56.382 --> 00:33:57.905
of their crops, who are trying

622
00:33:57.992 --> 00:34:01.126
to defend their livelihood
from the elephants.

623
00:34:01.213 --> 00:34:03.041
And the elephants
are seen as an enemy.

624
00:34:03.128 --> 00:34:04.825
And that the latest
manifestation of this,

625
00:34:04.912 --> 00:34:08.089
that I've experienced
is charcoal.

626
00:34:08.176 --> 00:34:09.743
Because for most
families in Africa

627
00:34:09.830 --> 00:34:11.614
they don't have electricity,
they don't have gas.

628
00:34:11.701 --> 00:34:15.009
If they got to cook, they
need either wood or charcoal.

629
00:34:15.096 --> 00:34:16.924
In many cities,
the charcoal trade

630
00:34:17.011 --> 00:34:19.970
is a multi-million dollar
business, which means anyone

631
00:34:20.058 --> 00:34:23.452
who can pay people a pittance
to go and cut down trees,

632
00:34:23.539 --> 00:34:26.890
or even just branches of
trees, build a charcoal kiln

633
00:34:26.977 --> 00:34:28.544
and bring out a few
bags of charcoal,

634
00:34:28.631 --> 00:34:30.155
they'll be paid a few
dollars. And that charcoal

635
00:34:30.242 --> 00:34:32.070
is worth a lot of
money in the city.

636
00:34:34.594 --> 00:34:36.770
The first day we went out
in the forest reserve,

637
00:34:36.857 --> 00:34:39.338
we saw three
charcoal operations.

638
00:34:39.425 --> 00:34:41.209
The elephants were right
next to the charcoal

639
00:34:41.296 --> 00:34:43.646
and were obviously agitated.

640
00:34:43.733 --> 00:34:45.822
The matriarch clearly felt

641
00:34:45.909 --> 00:34:47.650
that we were posing
a threat to them.

642
00:34:47.737 --> 00:34:49.261
She started running towards us.

643
00:34:49.348 --> 00:34:50.697
I didn't want to
be hit from behind,

644
00:34:50.784 --> 00:34:52.525
so I turned around
and I was rumbling,

645
00:34:52.612 --> 00:34:53.961
sort of a [imitates rumbling],

646
00:34:56.920 --> 00:34:58.487
as we do when we
approach the elephants.

647
00:34:58.574 --> 00:35:01.186
She was really moving. [laughs]

648
00:35:02.839 --> 00:35:05.407
I was still running backwards,
still trying to placate her

649
00:35:05.494 --> 00:35:09.194
when she hit me and I put
my hands up to her face.

650
00:35:09.281 --> 00:35:14.286
And when I turned to face
her and then the camera

651
00:35:15.417 --> 00:35:17.027
hit the elephant's
face against my hand.

652
00:35:17.115 --> 00:35:18.638
But that turned the camera off.

653
00:35:19.813 --> 00:35:21.510
And it left me on
my hands and knees

654
00:35:21.597 --> 00:35:24.078
when I completed the backward
roll, under the elephant.

655
00:35:24.165 --> 00:35:26.080
And she started playing
football with me.

656
00:35:26.167 --> 00:35:28.735
After five seconds,
one of the kicks

657
00:35:28.822 --> 00:35:31.303
happened to knock the
camera and turn it on again.

658
00:35:34.480 --> 00:35:37.309
[camera clicking]

659
00:35:39.702 --> 00:35:40.747
[elephant trumpets]

660
00:35:40.834 --> 00:35:41.878
A second later, you hear

661
00:35:41.965 --> 00:35:44.620
[gun firing]

662
00:35:44.707 --> 00:35:48.233
which is the rangers who
had fired a shot, in the air

663
00:35:48.320 --> 00:35:49.625
and the elephant fled.

664
00:35:49.712 --> 00:35:52.541
She came to chase
the humans away,

665
00:35:52.628 --> 00:35:54.587
who were hassling her family.

666
00:35:54.674 --> 00:35:57.459
Now in human society, we
give people like that medals.

667
00:35:59.331 --> 00:36:02.334
[elephant rumbling]

668
00:36:17.044 --> 00:36:20.003
- The growth in the human
population and its footprint,

669
00:36:20.090 --> 00:36:23.268
is a major threat, probably
the single biggest threat,

670
00:36:23.355 --> 00:36:26.184
to wildlife persisting
into the long term.

671
00:36:26.271 --> 00:36:29.274
Simply because it doesn't
have to take all the land away

672
00:36:29.361 --> 00:36:32.059
from wildlife, it fragments it.

673
00:36:32.146 --> 00:36:35.105
We take the best bits, we leave
the worst bits for wildlife.

674
00:36:35.193 --> 00:36:38.239
Now, a population that used
to live in a particular area

675
00:36:38.326 --> 00:36:39.980
is two populations separated

676
00:36:40.067 --> 00:36:41.851
by human settlements
in the middle.

677
00:36:41.938 --> 00:36:45.681
So, they can't literally get
in contact with each other.

678
00:36:45.768 --> 00:36:48.815
So one of the biggest
challenges out there is the fact

679
00:36:48.902 --> 00:36:51.296
that the human population,
currently about seven

680
00:36:51.383 --> 00:36:53.907
and a bit billion people on
this planet, is going to rise

681
00:36:53.994 --> 00:36:57.302
to eleven billion people
by the end of this century.

682
00:36:57.389 --> 00:37:00.218
And the question then is,
is there room for wildlife?

683
00:37:02.394 --> 00:37:06.441
- There is an actual movement
in conservation to focus

684
00:37:06.528 --> 00:37:10.315
on population reduction in
humans as an indirect way

685
00:37:10.402 --> 00:37:13.100
to improve wildlife
conservation.

686
00:37:13.187 --> 00:37:15.668
So, one approach has
been for conservationists

687
00:37:15.755 --> 00:37:20.760
to teach population control and
offer reproductive education

688
00:37:21.848 --> 00:37:23.676
to the women who
live in the villages.

689
00:37:23.763 --> 00:37:27.288
So, they've seen the
childbirth, you know,

690
00:37:27.375 --> 00:37:30.030
the growth has flat-lined
in those villages.

691
00:37:36.689 --> 00:37:39.692
- [Narrator] The
desert elephants of
Namibia's Kunene Region

692
00:37:39.779 --> 00:37:42.738
are one of only two
populations of desert elephants

693
00:37:42.825 --> 00:37:46.307
in the world, the other
is in Mali, North Africa,

694
00:37:46.394 --> 00:37:49.963
approximately 150
individuals remain here.

695
00:37:50.790 --> 00:37:52.357
- Why am I pessimistic?

696
00:37:52.444 --> 00:37:54.924
Just because of the
numbers of humans on earth.

697
00:37:58.798 --> 00:38:00.539
And elephants are disappearing

698
00:38:00.626 --> 00:38:05.239
and I can't just wave
a magic wand or jump

699
00:38:05.326 --> 00:38:07.633
to action and save them.

700
00:38:07.720 --> 00:38:10.026
That's part of being
wildlife biologists

701
00:38:10.113 --> 00:38:15.118
is you see a lot of death and
you get to see the rare birth

702
00:38:16.294 --> 00:38:19.993
that balances out all
the, all the death.

703
00:38:21.342 --> 00:38:23.518
It was a life changing
experience for me.

704
00:38:23.605 --> 00:38:25.738
I knew I wanted to
work with elephants.

705
00:38:25.825 --> 00:38:28.306
We thought originally
we'd go back to Zimbabwe

706
00:38:28.393 --> 00:38:30.569
and work there,
but then Zimbabwe

707
00:38:30.656 --> 00:38:33.963
went extremely
downhill, very fast.

708
00:38:34.877 --> 00:38:36.531
- Yeah.

709
00:38:36.618 --> 00:38:37.967
- In Zimbabwe, you know when
our friends would go out

710
00:38:38.054 --> 00:38:41.275
on an anti-poaching
patrol, suddenly this

711
00:38:41.362 --> 00:38:44.060
was a military operation
in the national park,

712
00:38:44.147 --> 00:38:45.758
where they would
hand out the weapons

713
00:38:45.845 --> 00:38:48.108
and their lives were
out there on the line.

714
00:38:48.195 --> 00:38:51.894
And so it takes that level
of commitment, of individuals

715
00:38:51.981 --> 00:38:56.986
and a commitment of society,
in order to turn it around.

716
00:38:58.510 --> 00:39:01.817
They're a lot of people that
do value the elephants there.

717
00:39:01.904 --> 00:39:04.777
And then there are a number of
people, like in any society,

718
00:39:04.864 --> 00:39:07.562
they won't appreciate
what they have or had,

719
00:39:07.649 --> 00:39:08.737
until it's gone.

720
00:39:10.173 --> 00:39:11.784
- The bigger problem
we're dealing with

721
00:39:11.871 --> 00:39:16.223
with desert elephants is
not so much ivory poaching,

722
00:39:16.310 --> 00:39:21.315
it's attitudes of the people
who live with elephants,

723
00:39:22.403 --> 00:39:25.188
who pay the price,
through destroyed crops

724
00:39:25.275 --> 00:39:29.149
or, you know, untimely
death of relatives

725
00:39:29.236 --> 00:39:32.413
or friends from elephants
or lions, whatever it is.

726
00:39:33.632 --> 00:39:36.461
[somber music]

727
00:39:36.548 --> 00:39:39.551
So, we need people
to go to Namibia,

728
00:39:39.638 --> 00:39:42.423
spend their tourist dollars,
pay the local people

729
00:39:42.510 --> 00:39:45.948
to tell them about
their lifestyle,

730
00:39:46.035 --> 00:39:48.734
make the elephants
worthwhile to those people,

731
00:39:48.821 --> 00:39:51.345
by sharing the wealth
that we have here,

732
00:39:51.432 --> 00:39:54.696
with those people there and
then elephants will be valued.

733
00:39:56.394 --> 00:40:01.181
In 2012, we went to Africa
and we got to a village

734
00:40:01.268 --> 00:40:03.444
that we know very well.

735
00:40:03.531 --> 00:40:07.492
Just two days after,
one of our elephants,

736
00:40:07.579 --> 00:40:10.059
one of our known
elephants, had been killed

737
00:40:10.146 --> 00:40:13.367
by the authorities for
being a problem animal.

738
00:40:13.454 --> 00:40:15.413
And we didn't know
which elephant it was,

739
00:40:15.500 --> 00:40:18.459
but we arrived there
and all that was left

740
00:40:18.546 --> 00:40:20.983
of his carcass was an ear.

741
00:40:21.070 --> 00:40:24.596
I looked at my ID book of all
the elephants and who's who,

742
00:40:24.683 --> 00:40:27.294
based on their ear
patterns and I said

743
00:40:27.381 --> 00:40:31.907
"Oh, this is M7, Mr. Sneaky".

744
00:40:33.474 --> 00:40:38.044
The local guy who was
showing us the carcass said,

745
00:40:38.131 --> 00:40:41.264
"Well, the meat was given
to the local people to eat,"

746
00:40:41.351 --> 00:40:42.614
and he said,

747
00:40:42.701 --> 00:40:44.267
"Don't you like elephant meat?"

748
00:40:45.486 --> 00:40:47.706
And I said, "I would
never eat an elephant,

749
00:40:47.793 --> 00:40:50.099
"it would be like
eating a family member."

750
00:40:51.274 --> 00:40:53.189
And he thought that was
the strangest thing.

751
00:40:56.366 --> 00:40:58.368
We were feeling
extremely discouraged

752
00:40:58.456 --> 00:41:01.807
and decided we're done.

753
00:41:01.894 --> 00:41:04.549
Let's just go and say
goodbye to the elephants

754
00:41:04.636 --> 00:41:05.506
and we're done.

755
00:41:08.988 --> 00:41:12.426
The next day we came upon our
favorite group of elephants,

756
00:41:12.513 --> 00:41:17.475
the tuskless matriarch,
and the teenage daughter,

757
00:41:18.911 --> 00:41:22.915
whose name is Dorothy,
was showing some breasts.

758
00:41:24.133 --> 00:41:26.701
Dorothy starts to
act very strangely

759
00:41:26.788 --> 00:41:31.010
and all of a sudden out
comes this birth sac

760
00:41:31.097 --> 00:41:35.014
and poosh on the ground,
a baby elephant is born.

761
00:41:35.101 --> 00:41:37.756
[elephant rumbles]

762
00:41:37.843 --> 00:41:41.237
[gentle, peaceful music]

763
00:42:17.273 --> 00:42:20.102
[elephant rumbles]

764
00:42:43.648 --> 00:42:45.171
We both said, "This is it".

765
00:42:45.258 --> 00:42:47.956
"How can we give
up at this point?"

766
00:42:48.043 --> 00:42:50.089
- We're all in again, all in.

767
00:42:50.176 --> 00:42:52.744
[laughing]

768
00:42:52.831 --> 00:42:54.484
We're going for
it, laying it out

769
00:42:54.572 --> 00:42:58.358
on the line in order to
turn the tide on extinction.

770
00:42:59.751 --> 00:43:02.275
[upbeat music]

771
00:43:05.278 --> 00:43:06.584
- [Narrator] Humans and wildlife

772
00:43:06.671 --> 00:43:08.760
compete for natural resources.

773
00:43:10.196 --> 00:43:13.199
Male elephants more often
raid crops than do females

774
00:43:13.286 --> 00:43:16.681
in order to gain size and
reproductive advantage.

775
00:43:16.768 --> 00:43:20.815
These crop raiders are then
considered problem elephants.

776
00:43:23.992 --> 00:43:27.039
- In case of human wildlife
conflict, we always follow up.

777
00:43:27.126 --> 00:43:28.954
If an elephant comes into
a farm and you kill it,

778
00:43:29.041 --> 00:43:30.738
you can't be charged.

779
00:43:30.825 --> 00:43:34.350
It's the only income that
farmer might have for that year.

780
00:43:34.437 --> 00:43:35.961
He's relying on it
to feed his family.

781
00:43:36.048 --> 00:43:39.399
He's relying on it to
educate his kids, whatever.

782
00:43:39.486 --> 00:43:41.227
So, in two minutes an
elephant will go in there

783
00:43:41.314 --> 00:43:43.490
and destroy a whole
year's worth of crops.

784
00:43:44.839 --> 00:43:47.581
So, you can understand
why you get out of bed

785
00:43:47.668 --> 00:43:49.757
in the middle of the night and
throw a spear at an elephant.

786
00:43:49.844 --> 00:43:53.108
So, these are spears that
we've confiscated off poachers.

787
00:43:54.936 --> 00:43:59.593
Again, they poison the
blade so when it goes in,

788
00:43:59.680 --> 00:44:02.509
it's not only the spear
that does the damage,

789
00:44:02.596 --> 00:44:04.772
it's the poison that
finishes it off.

790
00:44:04.859 --> 00:44:07.601
The worst is when you dig
one out of a dead elephant.

791
00:44:07.688 --> 00:44:09.472
Sometimes it kills
it quite quickly.

792
00:44:09.559 --> 00:44:12.171
I say quickly, 10, 15 minutes.

793
00:44:12.258 --> 00:44:16.392
Sometimes it takes
days, sometimes months.

794
00:44:16.479 --> 00:44:17.655
Poisoning spears is a new thing.

795
00:44:17.742 --> 00:44:19.265
It never used to happen before.

796
00:44:19.352 --> 00:44:21.093
It's a new technique.

797
00:44:21.180 --> 00:44:23.617
But also they're
using pesticides now.

798
00:44:23.704 --> 00:44:25.445
They've ramped it up.

799
00:44:25.532 --> 00:44:27.273
There's pesticides
available on the market

800
00:44:27.360 --> 00:44:30.015
and you can just go buy that
from the veterinary shop,

801
00:44:30.102 --> 00:44:32.147
soak your arrow or
your spear in it,

802
00:44:32.234 --> 00:44:34.672
and it's more lethal than
the traditional poison.

803
00:44:37.283 --> 00:44:40.634
[elephant screeching]

804
00:44:40.721 --> 00:44:43.028
- Human-elephant conflict
is a huge problem

805
00:44:43.115 --> 00:44:46.945
in Laikipia County
and the levels of
human-elephant conflict

806
00:44:47.032 --> 00:44:49.469
are probably amongst the worst
in the whole of East Africa.

807
00:44:49.556 --> 00:44:51.819
We got a call from one of
our scouts in the field,

808
00:44:51.906 --> 00:44:54.648
who gave us some
information about elephants

809
00:44:54.735 --> 00:44:57.477
being stuck in a dam.

810
00:44:57.564 --> 00:44:59.479
You had seven bull
elephants who had crop

811
00:44:59.566 --> 00:45:00.828
raided the night before.

812
00:45:03.613 --> 00:45:05.790
And once we closer, it
became clear these elephants

813
00:45:05.877 --> 00:45:08.140
weren't stuck at all,
but that the community

814
00:45:08.227 --> 00:45:09.924
was actually holding
them hostage.

815
00:45:11.143 --> 00:45:12.666
I mean you had 400
people screaming

816
00:45:12.753 --> 00:45:14.320
and yelling in all
directions and the elephants

817
00:45:14.407 --> 00:45:16.670
didn't know which way to go.

818
00:45:16.757 --> 00:45:19.064
[screaming]

819
00:45:21.370 --> 00:45:23.024
[helicopter whirring]

820
00:45:23.111 --> 00:45:25.766
And the arrival of this
helicopter sent the population

821
00:45:25.853 --> 00:45:29.204
into a frenzy because they
wanted to harvest the meat,

822
00:45:29.291 --> 00:45:31.206
so at least they
would have something.

823
00:45:32.642 --> 00:45:33.905
People would prevent them
from leaving, you know,

824
00:45:33.992 --> 00:45:35.428
by shouting or by
throwing stones

825
00:45:35.515 --> 00:45:37.822
and by driving
fire towards them.

826
00:45:37.909 --> 00:45:41.086
This elephant made a
desperate attempt to escape.

827
00:45:43.436 --> 00:45:45.264
And it charged
into the shallows.

828
00:45:45.351 --> 00:45:49.094
Now you had an elephant
on the run amongst people.

829
00:45:51.226 --> 00:45:53.272
This act of bravery, I suppose,

830
00:45:53.359 --> 00:45:55.056
encouraged the other elephants

831
00:45:55.143 --> 00:45:58.364
so they managed to get out
as well, once the helicopter

832
00:45:58.451 --> 00:46:00.627
pushed the people and
cleared the way for them.

833
00:46:02.629 --> 00:46:04.631
It's really tough for
conservationists because people

834
00:46:04.718 --> 00:46:06.285
look at us and say,

835
00:46:06.372 --> 00:46:07.590
"Ah, you know we only
care about the elephants.

836
00:46:07.677 --> 00:46:08.461
"We don't care
about the people."

837
00:46:08.548 --> 00:46:09.984
This is not true,

838
00:46:10.071 --> 00:46:12.770
but these are the
perceptions that go around.

839
00:46:13.858 --> 00:46:15.555
[splashing]

840
00:46:15.642 --> 00:46:16.948
- You can't ignore
that human need

841
00:46:17.035 --> 00:46:18.776
in solving the
conservation problems.

842
00:46:19.994 --> 00:46:22.388
This generation is the
generation that's now

843
00:46:22.475 --> 00:46:24.607
in conflict for the first time

844
00:46:24.694 --> 00:46:27.088
in many, many, many generations.

845
00:46:29.743 --> 00:46:31.049
[splashing]

846
00:46:31.136 --> 00:46:32.572
It's not a cultural
norm for them to be

847
00:46:32.659 --> 00:46:34.443
in conflict with wildlife.

848
00:46:34.530 --> 00:46:37.664
They didn't conquer the
wilderness the way the pioneers

849
00:46:37.751 --> 00:46:39.361
did in North America perhaps,

850
00:46:39.448 --> 00:46:40.928
where there were dangerous
animals that were killed

851
00:46:41.015 --> 00:46:43.452
to make the land
safe for families.

852
00:46:43.539 --> 00:46:46.238
If you can work with
them to see the wildlife

853
00:46:46.325 --> 00:46:49.328
and the wilderness as an
asset, there is still time.

854
00:46:49.415 --> 00:46:51.678
This challenge that
wildlife faces now

855
00:46:51.765 --> 00:46:53.114
is not about changing wildlife.

856
00:46:53.201 --> 00:46:55.247
The group that has to
change is the humans.

857
00:46:55.334 --> 00:46:58.250
[crowd chattering]

858
00:47:01.383 --> 00:47:02.776
- [Narrator]
Human-elephant conflict

859
00:47:02.863 --> 00:47:05.039
threatens elephant survival.

860
00:47:05.126 --> 00:47:08.042
Translocating, or moving,
'problem' elephants

861
00:47:08.129 --> 00:47:10.392
is one conservation strategy.

862
00:47:10.479 --> 00:47:14.527
But translocation intensifies
human-elephant conflict

863
00:47:14.614 --> 00:47:16.181
and increases elephant deaths.

864
00:47:17.922 --> 00:47:21.142
[elephant crying]:

865
00:47:21.229 --> 00:47:24.754
- Another example of how
we know elephants behave

866
00:47:24.842 --> 00:47:26.408
when they don't have
their elders around

867
00:47:26.495 --> 00:47:29.194
is from young elephants
that have been translocated.

868
00:47:29.281 --> 00:47:31.936
So, they move in
elephants that perhaps

869
00:47:32.023 --> 00:47:34.677
have seen their
family members culled,

870
00:47:34.764 --> 00:47:39.073
all of the family members
killed in another park

871
00:47:39.160 --> 00:47:40.422
in South Africa, where they felt

872
00:47:40.509 --> 00:47:42.163
there were too many elephants.

873
00:47:42.250 --> 00:47:44.252
So, they kill all the adults,
they take the youngsters

874
00:47:44.339 --> 00:47:46.776
and move them out
to another park.

875
00:47:47.777 --> 00:47:50.868
[elephants screaming]

876
00:48:00.703 --> 00:48:02.357
- My name is Barbara Wiseman,

877
00:48:02.444 --> 00:48:03.837
and I'm the
international president

878
00:48:03.924 --> 00:48:06.361
of the Lawrence Anthony
Earth organization.

879
00:48:06.448 --> 00:48:08.668
Lawrence had told me there
was a troublesome herd,

880
00:48:08.755 --> 00:48:11.976
they hated people, because
people had killed most

881
00:48:12.063 --> 00:48:13.803
of the herd off.

882
00:48:13.891 --> 00:48:15.762
- If I didn't take them they
were all going to get put down.

883
00:48:15.849 --> 00:48:18.156
So, I said, "Sure,
absolutely, we'll take them".

884
00:48:18.243 --> 00:48:19.505
- [Barbara] The
matriarch knew how

885
00:48:19.592 --> 00:48:21.507
to push over an electric fence

886
00:48:21.594 --> 00:48:24.075
and short it out and
escape with her herd.

887
00:48:25.598 --> 00:48:29.123
They had game rangers, the
game rangers all had guns,

888
00:48:29.210 --> 00:48:31.256
some of them were
intending to kill them.

889
00:48:32.561 --> 00:48:34.999
Finally, the helicopter
pilot got them back.

890
00:48:35.086 --> 00:48:36.435
[helicopter whirring]

891
00:48:36.522 --> 00:48:37.915
- [Lawrence] The
authorities just said,

892
00:48:38.002 --> 00:48:39.394
"Don't have anything to do

893
00:48:39.481 --> 00:48:41.048
"with the elephant when
they're in the boma,

894
00:48:41.135 --> 00:48:42.528
"just leave them."

895
00:48:42.615 --> 00:48:44.704
And last time we did
that, they broke out.

896
00:48:44.791 --> 00:48:47.011
So, I figured you know
somehow they have to learn

897
00:48:47.098 --> 00:48:49.839
to trust at least
one human being.

898
00:48:51.276 --> 00:48:53.539
[dramatic music]

899
00:48:53.626 --> 00:48:57.195
- [Barbara] So, he decided to
stay with them 24 hours a day,

900
00:48:57.282 --> 00:48:59.806
for as long as it took,
to get them used to him.

901
00:49:02.156 --> 00:49:07.161
And every morning the matriarch
would stand at the fence

902
00:49:08.641 --> 00:49:09.947
looking like she was going
to make a break for it.

903
00:49:11.600 --> 00:49:13.472
If an elephant breaks
through an electric fence

904
00:49:13.559 --> 00:49:16.736
with their body once,
they realize that they can

905
00:49:16.823 --> 00:49:20.044
withstand the
charge long enough,

906
00:49:20.131 --> 00:49:22.133
that you can never
hold them again.

907
00:49:24.657 --> 00:49:27.703
And Lawrence would stand
just outside of her reach

908
00:49:27.790 --> 00:49:28.704
and talk to her.

909
00:49:30.445 --> 00:49:34.754
- [Lawrence] Hello, my baby
beautiful, hello, my bubba.

910
00:49:34.841 --> 00:49:37.322
Hello, my beautiful girl.

911
00:49:37.409 --> 00:49:42.414
Yes, come on, come
on, come, bubba.

912
00:49:44.677 --> 00:49:45.939
- [Barbara] Lawrence
was staying with them,

913
00:49:46.026 --> 00:49:47.723
they were incredibly hostile.

914
00:49:47.810 --> 00:49:49.464
If they could have got him,

915
00:49:49.551 --> 00:49:50.813
they would have pulled him in

916
00:49:50.900 --> 00:49:52.990
and stomped him into the ground.

917
00:49:53.077 --> 00:49:57.168
So, after three weeks of this,
one day Lawrence described it

918
00:49:57.255 --> 00:50:00.127
as though all of the
hostility turned off,

919
00:50:00.214 --> 00:50:03.609
like you would turn off a
light switch, just boom.

920
00:50:03.696 --> 00:50:07.004
- [Lawrence] Everything had
gone calm and the matriarch

921
00:50:07.091 --> 00:50:08.396
walked up to me.

922
00:50:08.483 --> 00:50:10.094
And she approached
me and I backed off,

923
00:50:10.181 --> 00:50:11.704
and she stood there,
very benignly,

924
00:50:11.791 --> 00:50:15.229
ears down, great
emotion around her.

925
00:50:15.316 --> 00:50:16.926
Eventually I stepped
forward to the fence,

926
00:50:17.014 --> 00:50:18.624
and she put her trunk
through and touched me.

927
00:50:18.711 --> 00:50:20.843
And I thought, "Well, that's
it, I'll let them out."

928
00:50:22.062 --> 00:50:25.109
[peaceful music]

929
00:50:25.196 --> 00:50:28.938
[elephant rumbling]

930
00:50:29.026 --> 00:50:31.202
[shouting]

931
00:50:31.289 --> 00:50:33.421
- [Barbara] They could be a
mile away, but if they heard it

932
00:50:33.508 --> 00:50:37.121
was Lawrence they would come
like puppy dogs to see him.

933
00:50:39.732 --> 00:50:41.995
- [Lawrence] Whenever I come
back, the day I come back,

934
00:50:42.082 --> 00:50:44.780
when I drive in, they'll
come up to the house.

935
00:50:50.525 --> 00:50:53.398
The herd emanates something,
it emanates something

936
00:50:53.485 --> 00:50:54.790
at a different level.

937
00:50:54.877 --> 00:50:57.054
Being in proximity
to a herd, apart

938
00:50:57.141 --> 00:50:59.273
from watching the
physical manifestations

939
00:50:59.360 --> 00:51:03.408
and their body languages, you
actually get an emanation.

940
00:51:12.721 --> 00:51:14.419
- The elephants had been
living with Lawrence

941
00:51:14.506 --> 00:51:16.638
for about 12 years
when he passed away.

942
00:51:16.725 --> 00:51:18.684
The elephants were
about 12 miles

943
00:51:18.771 --> 00:51:21.991
from the house, and
they perceived it.

944
00:51:22.079 --> 00:51:27.084
And they walked to the
house, in mourning, very sort

945
00:51:28.215 --> 00:51:30.261
of sad aspect; and when
they got to the house,

946
00:51:30.348 --> 00:51:32.393
just very agitated they
were usually very calm,

947
00:51:32.480 --> 00:51:35.353
very peaceful, but they
were very agitated.

948
00:51:35.440 --> 00:51:38.921
And they stayed around the
house for about three hours

949
00:51:39.008 --> 00:51:40.706
and then they disappeared.

950
00:51:40.793 --> 00:51:43.970
Interestingly, every year
since then, on the anniversary

951
00:51:44.057 --> 00:51:46.712
of his death, they've
returned to the house.

952
00:51:46.799 --> 00:51:49.976
[elephant trumpets, lion roars]

953
00:51:53.284 --> 00:51:57.505
- You know, lions are not
getting the attention.

954
00:51:57.592 --> 00:51:59.333
It's up to us people
in the field to try

955
00:51:59.420 --> 00:52:00.552
and stop the poisoning.

956
00:52:00.639 --> 00:52:02.554
It's all about the cattle.

957
00:52:02.641 --> 00:52:07.036
People don't boma, corral
their stock, properly anymore.

958
00:52:07.124 --> 00:52:08.777
So lions get in.

959
00:52:08.864 --> 00:52:11.650
There's a lot more cattle,
there's a lot more people.

960
00:52:13.304 --> 00:52:16.089
- So now we have a
surge in cattle numbers

961
00:52:16.176 --> 00:52:18.874
and when they start to
invade the wildlife space,

962
00:52:18.961 --> 00:52:20.485
that's when you get conflict.

963
00:52:20.572 --> 00:52:22.574
And then of course, people,
if they lose a goat,

964
00:52:22.661 --> 00:52:24.576
or a cow, they retaliate.

965
00:52:24.663 --> 00:52:27.013
And they go after the hyena
or the leopard or the lion.

966
00:52:27.100 --> 00:52:30.103
And there are only
20,000 lions in Africa.

967
00:52:33.498 --> 00:52:37.284
- Well, I was a surfer at the
coast and my dream of going

968
00:52:37.371 --> 00:52:39.634
into the bush and playing Tarzan

969
00:52:39.721 --> 00:52:43.899
and becoming a great game
man, wildlife man in Africa,

970
00:52:43.986 --> 00:52:47.381
was sort of lost in the
waves and the lifestyle.

971
00:52:48.600 --> 00:52:50.210
When I met Joy, I
had written to her

972
00:52:50.297 --> 00:52:51.951
and said "Have you got any
openings, and she said,

973
00:52:52.038 --> 00:52:55.302
"Well, I have nothing
going, but I know my husband

974
00:52:55.389 --> 00:52:58.610
"is looking for someone,
because his previous assistant

975
00:52:58.697 --> 00:53:01.874
has just been killed
by one his lions."

976
00:53:01.961 --> 00:53:03.310
And I thought,
"Great, that sounds

977
00:53:03.397 --> 00:53:05.269
"like the sort of
thing I want to do."

978
00:53:06.792 --> 00:53:10.970
When I joined George, his
pride was down from 11 to 3.

979
00:53:12.058 --> 00:53:14.408
And amongst them were
two females: Lisa,

980
00:53:14.495 --> 00:53:17.803
who was very affectionate,
Juma, whom you couldn't handle,

981
00:53:17.890 --> 00:53:20.980
because she'd been very
badly treated on capture

982
00:53:21.067 --> 00:53:24.288
and Christian, the lion
that came from England.

983
00:53:24.375 --> 00:53:27.073
[dramatic music]

984
00:53:48.050 --> 00:53:50.488
Christian was coming
up to two years old,

985
00:53:50.575 --> 00:53:52.707
he really didn't know
what he was doing.

986
00:53:52.794 --> 00:53:54.187
I didn't have a clue.

987
00:53:55.928 --> 00:53:58.713
Christian and I grew up
together, and got into all sorts

988
00:53:58.800 --> 00:54:00.759
of scrapes, had
all sorts of fun,

989
00:54:00.846 --> 00:54:03.065
and we taught each other
everything we knew.

990
00:54:04.110 --> 00:54:06.547
They're very loving and they're,

991
00:54:06.634 --> 00:54:08.462
you can form a very close
relationship with them,

992
00:54:08.549 --> 00:54:09.855
but you got to watch it.

993
00:54:09.942 --> 00:54:11.596
It's an occupational hazard.

994
00:54:11.683 --> 00:54:15.861
You know, racing drivers have
car crashes and you know,

995
00:54:15.948 --> 00:54:19.212
painters fall off ladders,
and it's no worse than that.

996
00:54:19.299 --> 00:54:21.475
It makes for a better story.

997
00:54:21.562 --> 00:54:22.520
- [Director] Is this
one of the lions

998
00:54:22.607 --> 00:54:23.869
that you guys were raising?

999
00:54:23.956 --> 00:54:25.305
- No, it was part
of a wild pride

1000
00:54:25.392 --> 00:54:27.046
that we brought up
when their mother died.

1001
00:54:27.133 --> 00:54:29.222
Not a lion we'd ever handled.

1002
00:54:29.309 --> 00:54:30.354
But then eventually he got me.

1003
00:54:30.441 --> 00:54:32.051
All I could do was go fetal.

1004
00:54:32.138 --> 00:54:34.445
I could hardly...I kept
sort of coming and going.

1005
00:54:36.882 --> 00:54:39.885
And then he got me through
the neck and strangled.

1006
00:54:39.972 --> 00:54:42.540
George did the most
wonderful things

1007
00:54:42.627 --> 00:54:45.804
because what he did with the
respect and the understanding

1008
00:54:45.891 --> 00:54:47.284
that he had for
these wild animals

1009
00:54:47.371 --> 00:54:48.894
and the way he carried it out

1010
00:54:48.981 --> 00:54:51.244
and just the whole
toughness of it.

1011
00:54:51.331 --> 00:54:54.247
I mean, there he
was day and night,

1012
00:54:54.334 --> 00:54:57.119
you know, 365 days a
year out in the bush

1013
00:54:57.206 --> 00:54:58.512
with a pride of lions.

1014
00:55:03.169 --> 00:55:04.953
And they're lovely.

1015
00:55:18.663 --> 00:55:21.013
[flamingos honking]

1016
00:55:28.368 --> 00:55:30.631
So, I feel very
sad, I never thought

1017
00:55:30.718 --> 00:55:33.460
that in the short period
of time, nearly 50 years,

1018
00:55:33.547 --> 00:55:38.073
that I've been in Africa, I
would see wild animals go down,

1019
00:55:38.160 --> 00:55:41.120
you know, to such low
levels and be regarded

1020
00:55:41.207 --> 00:55:43.340
in such a low light.

1021
00:55:48.301 --> 00:55:51.043
[tires on pavement]

1022
00:55:52.479 --> 00:55:56.265
It's just horrific how
things can change so fast.

1023
00:55:57.441 --> 00:55:58.920
You know, it's just
people against wildlife

1024
00:55:59.007 --> 00:56:01.706
and looking after
wildlife isn't difficult.

1025
00:56:01.793 --> 00:56:05.144
It's not rocket science, but
you just got to make sure

1026
00:56:05.231 --> 00:56:08.103
that if there's crime,
there's punishment.

1027
00:56:08.190 --> 00:56:11.716
And none of the big boys ever
go down that are behind this,

1028
00:56:11.803 --> 00:56:14.371
and you don't see
any middlemen caught.

1029
00:56:14.458 --> 00:56:17.025
Certain tribes punch
way above their weight

1030
00:56:17.112 --> 00:56:18.766
and just ignore the laws.

1031
00:56:18.853 --> 00:56:21.508
The attractively dressed
people that the Western world

1032
00:56:21.595 --> 00:56:25.251
loves so much are the worst
offenders in all of this.

1033
00:56:27.601 --> 00:56:29.342
Lions used to be poisoned

1034
00:56:29.429 --> 00:56:32.824
with a very readily available
cattle dip called Kopertox.

1035
00:56:32.911 --> 00:56:35.783
Now they're use an insecticide,
which is even more virulent,

1036
00:56:35.870 --> 00:56:38.830
called Furadan, which
comes from America.

1037
00:56:38.917 --> 00:56:40.658
It's meant to be banned,
of course it isn't,

1038
00:56:40.745 --> 00:56:41.963
you can buy it anywhere.

1039
00:56:43.791 --> 00:56:46.490
And that's what comes with
the increase in stock numbers.

1040
00:56:47.926 --> 00:56:50.885
- It starts with some lions
going into an enclosure,

1041
00:56:50.972 --> 00:56:53.932
the residue carcass getting
spliced with this poison.

1042
00:56:54.019 --> 00:56:57.501
The lions coming back, they
get killed, hyenas come in,

1043
00:56:57.588 --> 00:56:59.851
they get killed, the
vultures come in,

1044
00:56:59.938 --> 00:57:01.635
they get killed, it's horrific.

1045
00:57:03.637 --> 00:57:07.162
Lions and leopards in
particular are very capable

1046
00:57:07.249 --> 00:57:10.209
of jumping over and climbing
into these enclosures.

1047
00:57:11.645 --> 00:57:14.996
Leopard in particular, they
go on kind of killing phase.

1048
00:57:15.083 --> 00:57:17.129
It's like kill
everything that moves.

1049
00:57:17.216 --> 00:57:20.567
The owner of that livestock
is not best pleased,

1050
00:57:20.654 --> 00:57:22.090
to put it mildly.

1051
00:57:22.177 --> 00:57:25.137
Many of them will kill
the offending leopard

1052
00:57:25.224 --> 00:57:27.095
or kill the offending lion.

1053
00:57:27.182 --> 00:57:29.533
Almost all these predators
don't like people.

1054
00:57:29.620 --> 00:57:31.056
Elephants don't like people.

1055
00:57:31.143 --> 00:57:33.275
Fully understandable,
we're the big baddies.

1056
00:57:35.930 --> 00:57:38.237
Okay, Light for Life,
it's the deployment

1057
00:57:38.324 --> 00:57:42.154
of a LED lighting system,
a flashing lighting system

1058
00:57:42.241 --> 00:57:45.244
around the periphery of
livestock enclosures.

1059
00:57:48.334 --> 00:57:50.031
[calf mooing]

1060
00:57:50.118 --> 00:57:51.903
These flashing lights actually
represent human movement,

1061
00:57:51.990 --> 00:57:54.166
activity within the enclosures.

1062
00:57:55.646 --> 00:57:57.082
If you stop the predator

1063
00:57:57.169 --> 00:57:59.650
going into the boma,
then there is no need

1064
00:57:59.737 --> 00:58:01.565
for retaliatory killing.

1065
00:58:01.652 --> 00:58:03.262
Then they don't need
to go out with a spear.

1066
00:58:03.349 --> 00:58:04.742
They don't need to lay poison.

1067
00:58:04.829 --> 00:58:06.395
They are prepared
to accept living

1068
00:58:06.483 --> 00:58:10.748
in proximity...as they
have done for generations.

1069
00:58:10.835 --> 00:58:13.490
[lion grunting]

1070
00:58:56.010 --> 00:58:58.491
- For the last fifteen years,

1071
00:58:58.578 --> 00:59:01.625
I've run my own safari
hunting company,

1072
00:59:01.712 --> 00:59:03.714
which is basically
trophy hunting.

1073
00:59:06.586 --> 00:59:08.153
I believe in hunting.

1074
00:59:08.240 --> 00:59:11.243
I don't see anything wrong
in shooting an animal.

1075
00:59:11.330 --> 00:59:16.204
I don't necessarily say you
should shoot a trophy animal.

1076
00:59:17.989 --> 00:59:20.078
- [Director] Why are
animals trophies?

1077
00:59:21.253 --> 00:59:25.518
- It's a memento of the
experience of the hunt.

1078
00:59:25.605 --> 00:59:28.173
So you keep something
from your experience.

1079
00:59:28.260 --> 00:59:31.959
Because the trophy hunting
fraternity likes to say

1080
00:59:32.046 --> 00:59:34.396
that we're not just
there to kill something,

1081
00:59:34.483 --> 00:59:35.528
it's about the experience.

1082
00:59:35.615 --> 00:59:36.921
It's not about the trophy.

1083
00:59:37.008 --> 00:59:38.705
It's all about being
in the wilderness

1084
00:59:38.792 --> 00:59:40.141
and pursuing something.

1085
00:59:42.579 --> 00:59:47.584
In many cases underage animals
will get shot, even females.

1086
00:59:48.715 --> 00:59:50.456
Females are not
allowed to be shot.

1087
00:59:52.284 --> 00:59:56.375
If you do shoot a female, it's
a transgression of the law.

1088
00:59:56.462 --> 01:00:00.248
Certain species are very
susceptible to this, like lion.

1089
01:00:00.335 --> 01:00:02.511
Because in the field,
it's incredibly easy

1090
01:00:02.599 --> 01:00:03.817
to change the rules.

1091
01:00:05.950 --> 01:00:09.649
There's no one around for
miles except the game scout,

1092
01:00:09.736 --> 01:00:11.259
who works for me, I pay him.

1093
01:00:13.261 --> 01:00:18.266
You'll do a hunt of 10 days,
that's 2,500 dollars you earn.

1094
01:00:20.094 --> 01:00:24.708
$2,500 is a reasonable amount,
I believe, for 10 days.

1095
01:00:24.795 --> 01:00:26.710
Some people don't
think so, so they rely

1096
01:00:26.797 --> 01:00:29.147
on a gratuity at the
end of the safari.

1097
01:00:30.714 --> 01:00:34.979
And so, the client would be,
"Well, why can't I shoot that?"

1098
01:00:38.547 --> 01:00:40.593
So, then the professional
hunter starts thinking,

1099
01:00:40.680 --> 01:00:42.900
well if I let him shoot it,

1100
01:00:42.987 --> 01:00:44.815
maybe he'll give me
a better gratuity.

1101
01:00:48.035 --> 01:00:50.516
You've got to weigh up
your ethics and your morals

1102
01:00:50.603 --> 01:00:52.344
within an instant in the field.

1103
01:00:52.431 --> 01:00:56.740
Everyone brands the term,
hunters are conservationists.

1104
01:00:58.176 --> 01:01:01.527
They are in that sense,
but there's lots of hunters

1105
01:01:01.614 --> 01:01:03.398
who don't stick to that.

1106
01:01:03.485 --> 01:01:07.098
And look, mistakes happen.

1107
01:01:07.185 --> 01:01:08.839
Lots of mistakes
have happened to me.

1108
01:01:08.926 --> 01:01:11.145
If someone tells me, as
a professional hunter,

1109
01:01:11.232 --> 01:01:14.496
they've never made a
mistake, they're lying.

1110
01:01:14.583 --> 01:01:16.455
I'd call them a
liar to their face.

1111
01:01:16.542 --> 01:01:18.587
You know things do happen.

1112
01:01:18.675 --> 01:01:20.285
[tense music]

1113
01:01:20.372 --> 01:01:25.377
Taking a photograph is,
you're just viewing,

1114
01:01:26.334 --> 01:01:27.858
you're not
participating in action.

1115
01:01:27.945 --> 01:01:32.427
And, the act of hunting
is not about killing.

1116
01:01:33.559 --> 01:01:36.388
It's about that
participation in nature

1117
01:01:36.475 --> 01:01:38.433
and with each individual animal.

1118
01:01:41.306 --> 01:01:43.395
We as hunters tout, you know,

1119
01:01:43.482 --> 01:01:45.223
"Hunting is conservation.

1120
01:01:46.398 --> 01:01:48.705
"It's the best form
of conservation."

1121
01:01:48.792 --> 01:01:50.532
What I've seen in my lifetime

1122
01:01:50.619 --> 01:01:54.232
is that our wilderness areas
have just been depleted.

1123
01:01:58.845 --> 01:02:00.673
- [Director] So when
you kill an animal,

1124
01:02:00.760 --> 01:02:02.283
you don't think it's murder,
you don't think it's--

1125
01:02:02.370 --> 01:02:06.026
- I cry, I've hunted
lion, every lion that one

1126
01:02:06.113 --> 01:02:07.854
of my clients has taken, I cry.

1127
01:02:07.941 --> 01:02:11.684
Because I, I feel
that it's not right

1128
01:02:13.164 --> 01:02:17.821
to take that animal's life, he
has lived a life like I have.

1129
01:02:18.909 --> 01:02:22.303
[dramatic music]

1130
01:02:22.390 --> 01:02:24.828
When you're hunting antelope,
there's thousands of them.

1131
01:02:24.915 --> 01:02:27.265
So, it's not a big event.

1132
01:02:29.180 --> 01:02:34.185
The work and effort that goes
into the hunting of a lion

1133
01:02:35.273 --> 01:02:37.623
is worthy of the
respect to the animal.

1134
01:02:37.710 --> 01:02:39.059
For me, it's their life.

1135
01:02:39.146 --> 01:02:40.757
Especially a male lion,

1136
01:02:40.844 --> 01:02:44.238
they go through hardships,
they're survivors.

1137
01:02:45.283 --> 01:02:46.893
Because they get
kicked out of the pride

1138
01:02:46.980 --> 01:02:49.983
when they're two or three
years old and they have

1139
01:02:50.070 --> 01:02:52.203
to make it on their own.

1140
01:02:52.290 --> 01:02:55.946
When you find a male lion
that is past his prime,

1141
01:02:56.033 --> 01:03:00.733
when he is nine, 10 years
old, he has been through

1142
01:03:00.820 --> 01:03:05.782
so much in that span of time,
it's worthy of adoration.

1143
01:03:09.263 --> 01:03:12.310
It sounds stupid
to now go kill him,

1144
01:03:12.397 --> 01:03:15.139
but you know, that's
what we have to do.

1145
01:03:15.226 --> 01:03:17.619
That's part of the system.

1146
01:03:20.013 --> 01:03:24.409
The very first elephant
hunt I went on was

1147
01:03:24.496 --> 01:03:28.239
with my stepfather and the
number of elephants he killed

1148
01:03:28.326 --> 01:03:31.068
is insignificant to what
other people have done.

1149
01:03:32.243 --> 01:03:34.288
We didn't boast about
shooting elephants.

1150
01:03:35.855 --> 01:03:38.031
Before that, you know,
the great white hunters,

1151
01:03:38.118 --> 01:03:40.773
they were shooting
thousands of elephants.

1152
01:03:40.860 --> 01:03:43.428
They'd cut out the tusks
and cut out the heart

1153
01:03:43.515 --> 01:03:45.778
and eat that and move on.

1154
01:03:49.434 --> 01:03:52.002
- [Director] Why do people
want to eat the heart?

1155
01:03:55.005 --> 01:03:56.528
- I would not personally
shoot an elephant

1156
01:03:56.615 --> 01:03:57.834
just for its heart.

1157
01:03:59.357 --> 01:04:02.360
But it, you know that's
the best tasting part

1158
01:04:02.447 --> 01:04:03.927
of an elephant is the heart.

1159
01:04:05.363 --> 01:04:07.800
But to go and kill an
elephant just to have that,

1160
01:04:07.887 --> 01:04:11.630
no, you don't do that. [laughs]

1161
01:04:14.633 --> 01:04:17.810
With an elephant once
it's dead, it's a process.

1162
01:04:17.897 --> 01:04:19.290
You start butchering
the elephant.

1163
01:04:19.377 --> 01:04:21.466
Now to cut through
the skin takes,

1164
01:04:21.553 --> 01:04:23.555
maybe two hours to
get the skin off.

1165
01:04:24.991 --> 01:04:28.908
When you reach the heart,
it's considered a delicacy,

1166
01:04:28.995 --> 01:04:31.432
so you make a fire,
you cut it open,

1167
01:04:31.519 --> 01:04:34.131
and you start cooking
it on the fire.

1168
01:04:34.218 --> 01:04:35.610
And you put a bit of salt on it,

1169
01:04:35.697 --> 01:04:38.962
and you start cutting
little bits off of it

1170
01:04:39.049 --> 01:04:42.748
as you're working,
throughout the day.

1171
01:04:49.929 --> 01:04:51.322
I wouldn't say I despise

1172
01:04:51.409 --> 01:04:53.019
the trophy hunting
movement entirely,

1173
01:04:53.106 --> 01:04:55.674
because it does
serve some function

1174
01:04:55.761 --> 01:04:57.850
to bringing clients to Africa.

1175
01:04:57.937 --> 01:05:01.985
Hunting is not about collecting
as many animals as you can,

1176
01:05:02.072 --> 01:05:04.988
getting a gold Super
Bowl-style ring.

1177
01:05:05.075 --> 01:05:07.207
And that is what the
largest hunting club

1178
01:05:07.294 --> 01:05:09.166
in America promotes.

1179
01:05:11.777 --> 01:05:14.867
They want you to shoot as
many animals as you can

1180
01:05:14.954 --> 01:05:17.174
and then you become part
of the inner circle,

1181
01:05:17.261 --> 01:05:18.218
and you get a ring.

1182
01:05:21.352 --> 01:05:23.180
You get numerous
awards before that.

1183
01:05:26.226 --> 01:05:29.447
But that is not what
hunting is about.

1184
01:05:32.363 --> 01:05:36.497
The American hunter
thinks my 100,000 dollars

1185
01:05:36.584 --> 01:05:38.978
that I've paid, all of that goes

1186
01:05:39.065 --> 01:05:40.806
back into conservation,
it doesn't.

1187
01:05:43.722 --> 01:05:44.636
Wow, look at that.

1188
01:05:47.160 --> 01:05:51.425
- Oh yeah, we have
boxes and boxes.

1189
01:05:51.512 --> 01:05:52.774
- [Director] What are those?

1190
01:05:52.861 --> 01:05:54.080
- These are elephant
hair bracelets.

1191
01:05:54.167 --> 01:05:55.821
- [Director] And
where are they from?

1192
01:05:55.908 --> 01:05:58.302
- They're the hair that comes
from an elephant's tail.

1193
01:05:59.694 --> 01:06:02.610
So they used to be very
popular, but I guess nowadays

1194
01:06:02.697 --> 01:06:06.179
they're would be a social
issue with wearing them.

1195
01:06:08.181 --> 01:06:11.576
You get about twenty
bracelets from a tail.

1196
01:06:11.663 --> 01:06:15.232
- Just this one bag would
be five or six, right?

1197
01:06:15.319 --> 01:06:20.324
Because there's a hundred,
there's 179 bracelets in here.

1198
01:06:21.499 --> 01:06:22.848
- That's what we see
the most common thing

1199
01:06:22.935 --> 01:06:24.719
on the elephant is
they chop the tusks out

1200
01:06:24.806 --> 01:06:27.679
and take the tail, those
are the two parts they take.

1201
01:06:29.507 --> 01:06:31.030
- [Director] How old
is that elephant?

1202
01:06:32.249 --> 01:06:36.993
- An adolescent, maybe
twelve, twelve years.

1203
01:06:38.342 --> 01:06:39.517
It's still a baby.

1204
01:06:40.692 --> 01:06:43.434
It's not right,
that they end up,

1205
01:06:43.521 --> 01:06:48.091
an elephant ends up for
this, to satisfy some,

1206
01:06:48.178 --> 01:06:51.094
you know, put on
someone's mantelpiece.

1207
01:06:51.181 --> 01:06:53.444
That's not what they're,
they're too majestic

1208
01:06:53.531 --> 01:06:55.750
and special to end up here.

1209
01:06:58.536 --> 01:07:00.538
[sighs]

1210
01:07:01.582 --> 01:07:04.368
[dramatic music]

1211
01:07:13.986 --> 01:07:16.554
[gun clicking]

1212
01:07:20.036 --> 01:07:22.951
[wings fluttering]

1213
01:07:25.911 --> 01:07:29.784
In terms of trophy hunting,
I don't do that anymore.

1214
01:07:29.871 --> 01:07:31.482
- [Director] But you'll
take people to Africa,

1215
01:07:31.569 --> 01:07:33.745
so, you're like a
middleman for murder.

1216
01:07:34.615 --> 01:07:36.313
- Middleman for murder?

1217
01:07:36.400 --> 01:07:37.749
I guess you could
look at it that way,

1218
01:07:37.836 --> 01:07:40.447
that's an extreme
view, though. [laughs]

1219
01:07:40.534 --> 01:07:41.970
Because, what do you call it?

1220
01:07:43.842 --> 01:07:47.976
The, what do you call
it? The abattoir,

1221
01:07:48.064 --> 01:07:50.153
murderous chain is
already set up there.

1222
01:07:50.240 --> 01:07:53.156
So, rather have a
good guy doing it

1223
01:07:53.243 --> 01:07:55.723
than a bad guy abusing it.

1224
01:07:59.423 --> 01:08:02.382
In Africa, it's a
different situation

1225
01:08:02.469 --> 01:08:06.343
with the trophy hunting because
the animals are utilized.

1226
01:08:06.430 --> 01:08:08.301
The finances, the
money that comes in

1227
01:08:08.388 --> 01:08:11.043
from the utilization
of those animals,

1228
01:08:11.130 --> 01:08:13.872
gets put back into
conservation...theoretically.

1229
01:08:14.742 --> 01:08:17.310
- [Director] But it doesn't.

1230
01:08:17.397 --> 01:08:19.138
Who takes the money?

1231
01:08:19.225 --> 01:08:22.272
- The majority of the money
that is made from trophy hunting

1232
01:08:23.447 --> 01:08:27.103
remains within the
government circles.

1233
01:08:27.190 --> 01:08:29.757
I would say, 70% remains

1234
01:08:29.844 --> 01:08:31.933
within the circles
of administration.

1235
01:08:36.416 --> 01:08:41.117
Game numbers are
often fabricated,

1236
01:08:41.204 --> 01:08:44.555
because if you have
high game numbers

1237
01:08:44.642 --> 01:08:48.515
it means you can
harvest more, you know.

1238
01:08:48.602 --> 01:08:52.215
So, the utilization of the money

1239
01:08:52.302 --> 01:08:57.263
that comes from hunting,
very little filters through

1240
01:09:01.006 --> 01:09:02.573
to what it's intended for.

1241
01:09:02.660 --> 01:09:06.272
It's intended to make
the communities living

1242
01:09:06.359 --> 01:09:11.321
within those hunting areas
benefit: education, medical,

1243
01:09:15.499 --> 01:09:19.590
an upliftment of their lives,
for not utilizing that land.

1244
01:09:20.895 --> 01:09:24.377
And secondly, the
conservation of the animals,

1245
01:09:24.464 --> 01:09:26.684
that money is meant to conserve.

1246
01:09:28.207 --> 01:09:31.776
- People have become much more
environmentally conscious,

1247
01:09:31.863 --> 01:09:33.517
much more green.

1248
01:09:33.604 --> 01:09:35.562
And in particular when
it comes to something

1249
01:09:35.649 --> 01:09:39.653
like African wildlife where you
read the shocking statistics

1250
01:09:39.740 --> 01:09:42.178
and people want to do
something about it.

1251
01:09:43.353 --> 01:09:46.269
So, when you're talking
about 75,000 dollars,

1252
01:09:46.356 --> 01:09:49.359
for instance to hunt an
elephant, or to hunt a lion,

1253
01:09:49.446 --> 01:09:52.100
or something like that,
most of that money

1254
01:09:52.188 --> 01:09:54.146
is actually going to
the professional hunter.

1255
01:09:54.233 --> 01:09:56.540
You've got the person
from the United States,

1256
01:09:56.627 --> 01:09:59.847
often as not, who comes
here to hunt an animal.

1257
01:09:59.934 --> 01:10:04.287
And he engages a hunting
safari operator here,

1258
01:10:04.374 --> 01:10:07.638
a professional hunter, and
the bulk of that money goes

1259
01:10:07.725 --> 01:10:11.946
to that individual: the
50, 60, 70,000 dollars.

1260
01:10:12.033 --> 01:10:14.558
And only a small portion
of that actually goes

1261
01:10:14.645 --> 01:10:17.909
to the government in
the form of the license

1262
01:10:17.996 --> 01:10:21.565
that they pay for the
right to kill an animal.

1263
01:10:21.652 --> 01:10:23.828
So, 4,500 dollars and they share

1264
01:10:23.915 --> 01:10:26.178
that between the
communities in the area

1265
01:10:26.265 --> 01:10:30.138
of the hunting concession.
So, it's peanuts.

1266
01:10:31.966 --> 01:10:34.665
You're not going to get
hundreds of thousands

1267
01:10:34.752 --> 01:10:36.101
of people coming to hunt.

1268
01:10:36.188 --> 01:10:37.450
You're going to get
hundreds of thousands

1269
01:10:37.537 --> 01:10:40.584
of people coming to
take photographs.

1270
01:10:40.671 --> 01:10:43.848
Two things actually seem
obvious, to me anyway.

1271
01:10:43.935 --> 01:10:45.806
One is that there should
be more of an emphasis

1272
01:10:45.893 --> 01:10:49.854
on photographic safari
tourism and the second

1273
01:10:49.941 --> 01:10:52.509
is that they ought
to raise the fee

1274
01:10:52.596 --> 01:10:55.338
that they charge these
hunters to come in

1275
01:10:55.425 --> 01:10:56.817
and hunt an animal.

1276
01:10:58.036 --> 01:10:59.646
So, over the span
of its lifetime,

1277
01:10:59.733 --> 01:11:01.866
a lion would generate three
and half million dollars

1278
01:11:01.953 --> 01:11:05.348
in photographic safari
tourism revenue.

1279
01:11:05.435 --> 01:11:07.350
An elephant is something
over a million.

1280
01:11:08.742 --> 01:11:10.222
But the professional hunters
have to come to terms

1281
01:11:10.309 --> 01:11:13.921
with the effects of
poaching on their industry.

1282
01:11:14.008 --> 01:11:16.489
There just aren't that
many animals left anymore.

1283
01:11:18.883 --> 01:11:22.060
- [Director] What was the
impetus to take hunting out

1284
01:11:22.147 --> 01:11:23.627
of the safari business?

1285
01:11:23.714 --> 01:11:26.064
- I have to go back
many, many years.

1286
01:11:26.151 --> 01:11:28.196
Really, it almost goes
back to my childhood.

1287
01:11:28.284 --> 01:11:30.764
I grew up in Africa,
we all hunted,

1288
01:11:30.851 --> 01:11:32.418
it was a thing we just did.

1289
01:11:34.159 --> 01:11:35.595
We hunted the Maasai Mara,

1290
01:11:35.682 --> 01:11:38.163
where the Masaai Mara
game reserve is today.

1291
01:11:38.250 --> 01:11:40.992
The climax of the whole safari
was to shoot an elephant.

1292
01:11:42.167 --> 01:11:43.821
I shot the elephant,
the elephant charged,

1293
01:11:43.908 --> 01:11:46.563
and the elephant died, literally
within a few feet of me.

1294
01:11:47.999 --> 01:11:49.566
When I saw this elephant dead,

1295
01:11:49.653 --> 01:11:53.091
it was like this horrendous
feeling came over me.

1296
01:11:53.178 --> 01:11:54.527
- [Director] Did you cry?

1297
01:11:54.614 --> 01:11:55.659
- I said, "How could
I have done this?"

1298
01:11:55.746 --> 01:11:57.356
No, I didn't cry, I just felt,

1299
01:11:57.443 --> 01:11:59.489
I just felt shocked, "How
could I have done this?"

1300
01:11:59.576 --> 01:12:00.664
Beautiful animal, dead.

1301
01:12:02.361 --> 01:12:03.928
There's something about a hunt,

1302
01:12:04.015 --> 01:12:06.409
if you've done it, which
is very, very thrilling.

1303
01:12:06.496 --> 01:12:08.367
You can't take the
higher ground here,

1304
01:12:08.454 --> 01:12:10.456
oh, it's just terrible
to hunt, you know?

1305
01:12:10.543 --> 01:12:11.762
Why do people hunt?

1306
01:12:11.849 --> 01:12:13.111
Why?

1307
01:12:13.198 --> 01:12:14.765
Because it's thrilling,
it's exciting.

1308
01:12:14.852 --> 01:12:17.594
So, I said, "Well how can
I have an exciting feeling

1309
01:12:17.681 --> 01:12:20.074
"about my safaris,
like when I was young?"

1310
01:12:20.161 --> 01:12:22.425
So, I built the first
camp in the world,

1311
01:12:22.512 --> 01:12:24.296
you see all these tented
camps all over the world?

1312
01:12:24.383 --> 01:12:25.819
Mine was the first camp ever.

1313
01:12:25.906 --> 01:12:27.038
- [Director] In Kenya?

1314
01:12:27.125 --> 01:12:28.909
- No, in the world.

1315
01:12:28.996 --> 01:12:33.349
And so I hit America, in about
1966, or '67, with a slogan:

1316
01:12:34.219 --> 01:12:36.090
Hunt with a camera, not a gun.

1317
01:12:36.177 --> 01:12:38.919
[plane roaring]

1318
01:12:39.006 --> 01:12:42.532
[soaring, uplifting music]

1319
01:12:43.533 --> 01:12:44.882
I felt like a missionary.

1320
01:12:44.969 --> 01:12:46.971
I came all over saying
"No, don't hunt!"

1321
01:12:48.407 --> 01:12:49.974
Have all the thrill of the
hunt, but at the last minute

1322
01:12:50.061 --> 01:12:53.151
instead of going
bang, you'd go pop,

1323
01:12:53.238 --> 01:12:55.022
and you'd have a
lovely picture forever.

1324
01:12:56.459 --> 01:12:58.069
And I used to go and stay
with all the people in Texas

1325
01:12:58.156 --> 01:13:00.463
and they had these huge
trophy rooms and I would say,

1326
01:13:00.550 --> 01:13:04.162
"No, this over!" "No, we're
going on our next hunt, Geoff,

1327
01:13:04.249 --> 01:13:05.642
"we're gonna do this,
why don't you come with?"

1328
01:13:05.729 --> 01:13:07.644
And I said "No, no, no,
I've got this idea."

1329
01:13:07.731 --> 01:13:09.297
And they go, "What the?

1330
01:13:09.385 --> 01:13:11.474
"That sounds so pathetic,
that's a girl's thing.

1331
01:13:11.561 --> 01:13:13.998
"Girls do photographs,
men hunt."

1332
01:13:14.085 --> 01:13:16.087
And I said, "No, no
you have it wrong."

1333
01:13:16.174 --> 01:13:17.480
So, what was better?

1334
01:13:17.567 --> 01:13:19.438
To hunt, or to go
into photography?

1335
01:13:19.525 --> 01:13:21.571
Everybody ridiculed
it, the answer was,

1336
01:13:21.658 --> 01:13:24.269
"Of course, photography!"

1337
01:13:24.356 --> 01:13:25.966
It was the best thing ever.

1338
01:13:26.053 --> 01:13:27.490
- [Narrator] For
every $1.00 invested

1339
01:13:27.577 --> 01:13:29.796
in protecting elephants
in East Africa,

1340
01:13:29.883 --> 01:13:33.365
they get back $1.78
in tourism revenue.

1341
01:13:34.584 --> 01:13:36.977
- Where are all the guys
who used to go hunting?

1342
01:13:37.064 --> 01:13:38.283
Still running around
in their Toyotas,

1343
01:13:38.370 --> 01:13:40.459
shooting a few
elephant, you know?

1344
01:13:40.546 --> 01:13:42.330
[chain breaking]

1345
01:13:42.418 --> 01:13:44.158
People who hunt always claim

1346
01:13:44.245 --> 01:13:47.248
they're the most knowledgeable
conservationists on earth.

1347
01:13:47.335 --> 01:13:49.381
They say that if
they weren't there,

1348
01:13:49.468 --> 01:13:50.643
what would happen to the land?

1349
01:13:50.730 --> 01:13:52.428
It would just go back to cattle.

1350
01:13:52.515 --> 01:13:54.604
They say, "If we weren't
there policing our concession,

1351
01:13:54.691 --> 01:13:58.085
"the poachers would come in
and eradicate all the animals."

1352
01:13:58.172 --> 01:13:59.435
When I was born,

1353
01:13:59.522 --> 01:14:01.480
there were 500,000
lions in Africa.

1354
01:14:01.567 --> 01:14:03.308
I don't know how many there are,

1355
01:14:03.395 --> 01:14:06.006
but we know 36,000 elephants
are being killed every year.

1356
01:14:06.093 --> 01:14:07.225
We know that.

1357
01:14:07.312 --> 01:14:08.879
- [Narrator] Just 20,000 lions

1358
01:14:08.966 --> 01:14:12.404
remain on the entire
African continent.

1359
01:14:12.491 --> 01:14:16.060
The continent of Africa
is as big as China, India,

1360
01:14:16.147 --> 01:14:19.890
the United States and
most of Europe combined.

1361
01:14:21.152 --> 01:14:23.328
- So, it's clearly
not sustainable,

1362
01:14:23.415 --> 01:14:24.764
if you're gonna be
shooting an animal.

1363
01:14:24.851 --> 01:14:27.419
So, how can anybody
look at me and say,

1364
01:14:27.506 --> 01:14:29.377
"I'm a professional hunter

1365
01:14:29.465 --> 01:14:31.249
"and I'm the world's
greatest conservationist."

1366
01:14:31.336 --> 01:14:33.556
There's something
missing in their brain.

1367
01:14:33.643 --> 01:14:35.079
And they gotta
wake up, actually,

1368
01:14:35.166 --> 01:14:37.473
because this is not sustainable.

1369
01:14:37.560 --> 01:14:39.344
[birds tweeting]

1370
01:14:39.431 --> 01:14:42.260
- Fifty percent of the trophies
go to the United States.

1371
01:14:42.347 --> 01:14:44.349
So, we play a role in this also.

1372
01:14:45.742 --> 01:14:49.920
I guess, I'm, you know,
loathe to put all the blame

1373
01:14:50.007 --> 01:14:53.750
on any one country, but
something's got to be done.

1374
01:14:58.668 --> 01:15:00.931
Our role should be supporting

1375
01:15:01.018 --> 01:15:03.020
what African governments
themselves are doing.

1376
01:15:03.107 --> 01:15:08.112
Because if the African people,
and the African governments

1377
01:15:09.200 --> 01:15:10.854
don't want to
preserve the wildlife,

1378
01:15:10.941 --> 01:15:12.769
there's really nothing that
we can do from the outside.

1379
01:15:12.856 --> 01:15:15.554
Our job actually is to
convince them that it's

1380
01:15:15.641 --> 01:15:18.688
in their best interest
to preserve these animals

1381
01:15:18.775 --> 01:15:19.602
for the future.

1382
01:15:22.387 --> 01:15:25.129
- We cannot tell
local communities,

1383
01:15:25.216 --> 01:15:29.002
"Oh, we feel that in
America or in England,

1384
01:15:29.089 --> 01:15:32.223
"that it's really bad
for them to hunt lions."

1385
01:15:32.310 --> 01:15:34.138
They'll say "Why is it
bad for us to hunt lions?

1386
01:15:34.225 --> 01:15:35.792
"They destroy, they destroy.

1387
01:15:35.879 --> 01:15:38.316
"They eat our cattle,
they're a nuisance to us."

1388
01:15:38.403 --> 01:15:40.536
But if you can convince
them, "No, that lion

1389
01:15:40.623 --> 01:15:42.625
"is no longer a nuisance
to you, it's going

1390
01:15:42.712 --> 01:15:44.627
"to bring these
amount of people.

1391
01:15:44.714 --> 01:15:47.630
"Even if it kills a cow
now and again, so what?

1392
01:15:47.717 --> 01:15:49.153
"This is what it brings in."

1393
01:15:50.415 --> 01:15:53.070
But it has to go to the people,

1394
01:15:53.157 --> 01:15:55.812
the people have
to get the money.

1395
01:15:55.899 --> 01:15:58.510
[upbeat music]

1396
01:16:00.512 --> 01:16:03.559
[Baka women sing]

1397
01:16:19.139 --> 01:16:21.185
[tense music]

1398
01:16:21.272 --> 01:16:24.841
- They did a study of the use
of the forest by Baka people.

1399
01:16:24.928 --> 01:16:29.280
The areas that were most
important to the Baka people

1400
01:16:29.367 --> 01:16:32.892
are the areas where the
ape density was greatest.

1401
01:16:32.979 --> 01:16:36.026
So, when traditional
dwelling humans in forests

1402
01:16:36.113 --> 01:16:38.898
share their forests with
apes, even if sometimes apes

1403
01:16:38.985 --> 01:16:43.033
are killed, for some special
occasion, the apes do great

1404
01:16:43.120 --> 01:16:45.818
and the forest is healthy
and the people live there.

1405
01:16:47.167 --> 01:16:48.212
- [Narrator] The
Baka people have

1406
01:16:48.299 --> 01:16:50.475
over 15 words for elephant.

1407
01:16:51.781 --> 01:16:54.566
- If the argument is
that, we need the wealth

1408
01:16:54.653 --> 01:16:57.264
under the land, the
diamonds, minerals,

1409
01:16:57.351 --> 01:16:59.005
petroleum, and so forth.

1410
01:16:59.092 --> 01:17:00.833
If you look at the countries,

1411
01:17:00.920 --> 01:17:04.402
which have the most valuable
of these resources in Africa,

1412
01:17:04.489 --> 01:17:06.447
say, where they've
been exploited already

1413
01:17:06.534 --> 01:17:08.319
for a hundred years or more.

1414
01:17:08.406 --> 01:17:11.235
These are still amongst the
poorest countries in the world.

1415
01:17:11.322 --> 01:17:14.020
So, it hasn't benefited
the local people.

1416
01:17:16.370 --> 01:17:18.895
It is colonialism to remove
people from their land,

1417
01:17:18.982 --> 01:17:22.855
and it's also racist,
and it's also illegal.

1418
01:17:24.335 --> 01:17:27.294
And it's time to respect
the people who have lived

1419
01:17:27.381 --> 01:17:30.515
in these places for,
for essentially forever

1420
01:17:30.602 --> 01:17:32.996
and to accept the fact
that they have rights,

1421
01:17:33.083 --> 01:17:36.216
just like we claim
for ourselves.

1422
01:17:38.175 --> 01:17:40.177
In Cameroon there's
still parks being created

1423
01:17:40.264 --> 01:17:41.918
and other protected zones.

1424
01:17:42.005 --> 01:17:43.746
Some of them are
for trophy hunting.

1425
01:17:43.833 --> 01:17:45.530
So if you pay a lot
of money you can go

1426
01:17:45.617 --> 01:17:49.099
and hunt a forest
elephant, for example.

1427
01:17:49.186 --> 01:17:51.971
Although that's actually
an endangered species.

1428
01:17:52.058 --> 01:17:55.366
There are areas, which
are adjacent to the parks,

1429
01:17:55.453 --> 01:17:58.282
which are so-called protected,
some are for logging,

1430
01:17:58.369 --> 01:18:00.414
some are for trophy hunting.

1431
01:18:01.589 --> 01:18:05.768
The Baka are evicted
and pushed to the edge

1432
01:18:05.855 --> 01:18:07.204
and outside the park,

1433
01:18:07.291 --> 01:18:10.033
where their society
is entirely smashed.

1434
01:18:10.120 --> 01:18:14.211
They turn to drink,
there are no jobs.

1435
01:18:14.298 --> 01:18:18.084
It's not as if we're offering
these people an alternative.

1436
01:18:18.171 --> 01:18:19.433
Tribal peoples have lived

1437
01:18:19.520 --> 01:18:21.305
on these lands
essentially forever.

1438
01:18:22.741 --> 01:18:26.049
The Baka, so-called pygmies,
they are stewards of the land.

1439
01:18:26.136 --> 01:18:29.661
They know how to look
after it and how to look

1440
01:18:29.748 --> 01:18:31.228
after the animals,
which they use,

1441
01:18:31.315 --> 01:18:32.751
including the ones they hunt.

1442
01:18:34.579 --> 01:18:38.496
[speaking in Baka language]

1443
01:19:00.866 --> 01:19:03.434
We're stealing their land
in order to set up parks

1444
01:19:05.958 --> 01:19:08.482
and to satisfy conservationists
and for tourism.

1445
01:19:10.180 --> 01:19:12.051
Lodges are built,
roads are built.

1446
01:19:13.487 --> 01:19:15.228
There is often harassment
of the animals.

1447
01:19:19.015 --> 01:19:19.842
And that is actually
extremely dangerous

1448
01:19:21.539 --> 01:19:22.758
because it makes them more
likely to attack people

1449
01:19:22.845 --> 01:19:22.932
if people are
outside the vehicles.

1450
01:19:28.024 --> 01:19:30.243
Whereas formerly they
would have just run away

1451
01:19:30.330 --> 01:19:32.028
and avoided people all together,

1452
01:19:32.115 --> 01:19:34.726
so it changes animal behavior.

1453
01:19:37.729 --> 01:19:42.734
There's several layers of this
con trick in conservation.

1454
01:19:44.127 --> 01:19:46.346
One is that these lands are
empty of peoples when in fact,

1455
01:19:46.433 --> 01:19:48.827
they've been emptied
of peoples, forcibly,

1456
01:19:48.914 --> 01:19:51.264
often to make the
conservation zones.

1457
01:19:52.439 --> 01:19:56.313
[speaking in Baka language]

1458
01:21:02.074 --> 01:21:05.295
Another is that the outside
conservationists are somehow

1459
01:21:05.382 --> 01:21:08.951
or other better at
preserving the environment,

1460
01:21:09.038 --> 01:21:11.257
preserving the eco-diversity,

1461
01:21:11.344 --> 01:21:13.129
than the people who live there.

1462
01:21:13.216 --> 01:21:16.784
And actually there's almost
no scientific evidence

1463
01:21:16.872 --> 01:21:19.048
to support that and
the scientific evidence

1464
01:21:19.135 --> 01:21:21.964
is in actually completely
the other direction.

1465
01:21:22.051 --> 01:21:24.792
[dramatic music]

1466
01:21:26.751 --> 01:21:28.971
[splashing]
[elephant trumpeting

1467
01:21:29.058 --> 01:21:31.756
- What we need to do is
make sure that businesses

1468
01:21:31.843 --> 01:21:34.324
are doing what people
want and what people want

1469
01:21:34.411 --> 01:21:38.458
is to have a world, which is
looking after their interests,

1470
01:21:38.545 --> 01:21:39.851
is looking after
nature's interests,

1471
01:21:39.938 --> 01:21:41.679
is looking after
society's interests.

1472
01:21:42.854 --> 01:21:44.508
One of the solutions
that we can bring

1473
01:21:44.595 --> 01:21:48.077
into this complex problem
is around natural capital.

1474
01:21:49.556 --> 01:21:52.342
And this model that we used
to have, of cutting it off,

1475
01:21:52.429 --> 01:21:54.910
fencing it off, making
sure that it was protected.

1476
01:21:54.997 --> 01:21:58.348
Conserving, that
word conservation is
about protecting it,

1477
01:21:58.435 --> 01:21:59.610
and making sure
no one goes there.

1478
01:21:59.697 --> 01:22:01.177
That isn't conservation.

1479
01:22:01.264 --> 01:22:03.266
Conservation is making
sure we're understanding

1480
01:22:03.353 --> 01:22:06.922
how dependent we are on it,
the benefits it gives us.

1481
01:22:08.793 --> 01:22:13.537
So, the idea that we should
have control over it,

1482
01:22:13.624 --> 01:22:16.540
we should fence it off,
means that we have to keep on

1483
01:22:16.627 --> 01:22:18.237
paying to protect it.

1484
01:22:18.324 --> 01:22:20.022
So, we work with the
local people, we work

1485
01:22:20.109 --> 01:22:22.763
with the local animals,
the local species.

1486
01:22:22.850 --> 01:22:24.374
If we can work with them,

1487
01:22:24.461 --> 01:22:27.116
then it ends up becoming
self-sustaining.

1488
01:22:27.203 --> 01:22:30.554
Otherwise we end up having to
pay all the time to protect.

1489
01:22:30.641 --> 01:22:31.990
We have to pay for rangers,

1490
01:22:32.077 --> 01:22:33.818
we have to pay for
protections systems.

1491
01:22:33.905 --> 01:22:36.952
But we can only do that if
we can understand the value

1492
01:22:37.039 --> 01:22:38.692
that it's delivering to us.

1493
01:22:38.779 --> 01:22:41.739
Otherwise what is the
cost of doing that?

1494
01:22:41.826 --> 01:22:44.524
How do we fit that
in our conversation?

1495
01:22:45.656 --> 01:22:48.528
[chimp screeching]

1496
01:22:57.320 --> 01:23:02.325
- The chimpanzees were really
very helpful in helping me

1497
01:23:03.848 --> 01:23:06.851
to convince, particularly
the scientific community,

1498
01:23:06.938 --> 01:23:09.680
but other people as well,
that we humans are part

1499
01:23:09.767 --> 01:23:12.248
of the animal kingdom.
Because chimpanzees

1500
01:23:12.335 --> 01:23:14.163
are our closest
living relatives.

1501
01:23:14.250 --> 01:23:18.428
And so when you then see
similarities in behavior

1502
01:23:18.515 --> 01:23:20.082
it's pretty easy
for people to say,

1503
01:23:20.169 --> 01:23:23.259
"Well yes, when chimpanzees
kiss and embrace

1504
01:23:23.346 --> 01:23:26.479
"and hold hands and
pat one another,

1505
01:23:26.566 --> 01:23:30.614
"they're probably feeling
similar emotions to us."

1506
01:23:30.701 --> 01:23:33.486
When you see a chimpanzee
mother grieving the loss

1507
01:23:33.573 --> 01:23:36.098
of her child, it's
pretty easy to say,

1508
01:23:36.185 --> 01:23:39.536
"Well, the way they feel grief
must be similar to ours."

1509
01:23:40.580 --> 01:23:42.713
- Jane Goodall
described a phenomenon

1510
01:23:42.800 --> 01:23:44.410
that's found in Western
and Central Africa

1511
01:23:44.497 --> 01:23:46.151
called Empty Forest Syndrome.

1512
01:23:46.238 --> 01:23:48.588
And it's where the
forest is standing,

1513
01:23:48.675 --> 01:23:51.113
but the wildlife has
largely disappeared.

1514
01:23:51.200 --> 01:23:52.853
Why?

1515
01:23:52.940 --> 01:23:56.161
And the answer to that is,
through the indiscriminate,

1516
01:23:56.248 --> 01:23:59.773
commercial-scale hunting
of wildlife for bush meat.

1517
01:23:59.860 --> 01:24:03.081
Wire snares are set to catch,
maybe they're set to catch

1518
01:24:03.168 --> 01:24:06.911
small antelopes, but wire
snares will catch anything.

1519
01:24:06.998 --> 01:24:09.653
Any animal that goes in
that will kill itself

1520
01:24:09.740 --> 01:24:10.567
in its struggle to escape.

1521
01:24:12.264 --> 01:24:15.050
[gorilla breathing]

1522
01:24:17.748 --> 01:24:19.750
- They've already
got two snares here

1523
01:24:21.230 --> 01:24:24.102
where they set their traps
on the routes of the animals

1524
01:24:24.189 --> 01:24:25.625
when the animals
are going this way.

1525
01:24:25.712 --> 01:24:27.845
They are going to the water.

1526
01:24:27.932 --> 01:24:30.761
So they merely
locate their snares

1527
01:24:32.023 --> 01:24:33.590
where specifically on
the route of the animals

1528
01:24:33.677 --> 01:24:35.592
where they usually go to water.

1529
01:24:39.030 --> 01:24:41.163
- What the poacher will
do, they have a game trail,

1530
01:24:41.250 --> 01:24:43.121
and they set it across
trail like that.

1531
01:24:43.208 --> 01:24:45.950
With this end
attached to a tree.

1532
01:24:46.037 --> 01:24:47.691
So the animal will come through,

1533
01:24:47.778 --> 01:24:49.867
they'll be foliage put on
each side to disguise it,

1534
01:24:49.954 --> 01:24:53.436
it puts its head through
and it's just a slipknot.

1535
01:24:54.611 --> 01:24:57.527
And as it goes forward
it just tightens,

1536
01:24:58.789 --> 01:25:00.617
and as it pulls it
just strangles it.

1537
01:25:02.445 --> 01:25:04.838
Sometimes they can take
hours and hours to die.

1538
01:25:08.625 --> 01:25:10.235
- And why are they set?

1539
01:25:10.322 --> 01:25:11.889
They're set for bush meat.

1540
01:25:11.976 --> 01:25:14.283
The bush meat is then
sold in commercial centers

1541
01:25:15.719 --> 01:25:18.461
and the people who do the
poaching are making a killing.

1542
01:25:18.548 --> 01:25:20.158
A killing because
they kill the animals.

1543
01:25:20.245 --> 01:25:22.552
But also, they didn't
raise the animal,

1544
01:25:22.639 --> 01:25:25.381
they didn't have it
inoculated, they didn't feed it

1545
01:25:25.468 --> 01:25:26.512
when there was a drought.

1546
01:25:26.599 --> 01:25:28.906
Their cost is simply the piece

1547
01:25:28.993 --> 01:25:32.257
of wire that they probably
stole off someone else's fence

1548
01:25:32.344 --> 01:25:34.825
to kill this particular animal.

1549
01:25:36.000 --> 01:25:37.567
And the other thing
is that bush meat

1550
01:25:37.654 --> 01:25:40.700
represents a potential
risk to human populations.

1551
01:25:40.787 --> 01:25:42.702
It could be riddled
with anthrax.

1552
01:25:42.789 --> 01:25:46.053
So, bush meat is a killer,
whichever way you look at it.

1553
01:25:46.141 --> 01:25:47.751
[tense music]

1554
01:25:47.838 --> 01:25:50.275
- If the hunting can be
controlled to some extent,

1555
01:25:50.362 --> 01:25:53.148
a lot of these
primate populations

1556
01:25:53.235 --> 01:25:55.106
have a good chance of surviving.

1557
01:25:55.193 --> 01:25:56.716
The big problem now

1558
01:25:56.803 --> 01:25:59.066
is this largely uncontrolled
bush meat hunting.

1559
01:25:59.154 --> 01:26:01.112
And it's not a
subsistence issue.

1560
01:26:01.199 --> 01:26:06.161
It's really, it's a luxury
trade, where chimp meat

1561
01:26:07.640 --> 01:26:09.381
or gorilla meat or monkey
meat in the capital city

1562
01:26:09.468 --> 01:26:12.428
sells for more than beef or
chicken or fish, in many cases.

1563
01:26:12.515 --> 01:26:16.997
So, it's really,
really hard to control.

1564
01:26:17.084 --> 01:26:20.262
Within remaining forest
areas, the poaching,

1565
01:26:20.349 --> 01:26:22.568
whether it's for hunting
or for wildlife trade,

1566
01:26:22.655 --> 01:26:25.354
it's just eliminating
the vast majority

1567
01:26:25.441 --> 01:26:27.051
of species larger than a rat.

1568
01:26:30.489 --> 01:26:32.274
So, you can go into the
forests in the Amazon

1569
01:26:32.361 --> 01:26:34.101
and you can go into forests,

1570
01:26:34.189 --> 01:26:36.278
certainly in Central and West
Africa where there's nothing.

1571
01:26:36.365 --> 01:26:38.323
Nice forest, but nothing.

1572
01:26:40.369 --> 01:26:42.849
- [Ian] This is an animated
weather map of rainfall

1573
01:26:42.936 --> 01:26:45.504
around the world, the
white is water vapor,

1574
01:26:45.591 --> 01:26:48.115
the orange-y bits are storms.

1575
01:26:48.203 --> 01:26:50.292
And every day it rains
in the Congo basin,

1576
01:26:50.379 --> 01:26:52.511
so that big pulsing in
the middle of Africa

1577
01:26:52.598 --> 01:26:54.296
is the daily rainfall.

1578
01:26:54.383 --> 01:26:57.342
We're all benefiting from
the ecosystem services

1579
01:26:57.429 --> 01:26:59.866
provided by these
forests in the tropics.

1580
01:27:01.041 --> 01:27:03.000
And the animals that
play a keystone role

1581
01:27:03.087 --> 01:27:05.220
in those forests
need our protection

1582
01:27:05.307 --> 01:27:06.917
because we want to continue

1583
01:27:07.004 --> 01:27:10.573
to have this global water
distribution system acting

1584
01:27:10.660 --> 01:27:12.183
as sort of a biotic pump.

1585
01:27:14.316 --> 01:27:16.840
- When we started, I was
basically a journalist

1586
01:27:16.927 --> 01:27:18.929
trying to start about
extinction of apes.

1587
01:27:20.583 --> 01:27:23.629
It was very easy to
see the consequences

1588
01:27:23.716 --> 01:27:28.721
of this illegal trade in body
parts of chimps and gorillas

1589
01:27:30.767 --> 01:27:35.119
being sold to the rich and the
powerful in Central Africa.

1590
01:27:36.425 --> 01:27:38.688
It was also very easy
to see that the law

1591
01:27:38.775 --> 01:27:41.343
was never enforced because
those that were actually

1592
01:27:41.430 --> 01:27:43.823
behind those trades are
the same police officers

1593
01:27:43.910 --> 01:27:45.477
and wildlife officers
that were in charge

1594
01:27:45.564 --> 01:27:46.957
of applying the law.

1595
01:27:47.044 --> 01:27:49.873
In fact, it was zero
wildlife prosecutions

1596
01:27:49.960 --> 01:27:51.918
for all the time the
law was in place.

1597
01:27:53.746 --> 01:27:57.010
And I went on research
outside of the capital,

1598
01:27:57.097 --> 01:27:59.012
where people were
telling me straight:

1599
01:27:59.099 --> 01:28:02.538
"Hey, we have chimp meat being
sold here and gorilla's meat

1600
01:28:02.625 --> 01:28:05.889
"being sold here, and we
also have two live ones."

1601
01:28:05.976 --> 01:28:07.847
And I said, "What
is this live ones?"

1602
01:28:07.934 --> 01:28:09.632
And these are
basically the survivors

1603
01:28:09.719 --> 01:28:11.895
of the bush meat trade, the
survivors of the killing

1604
01:28:11.982 --> 01:28:13.157
of their entire family.

1605
01:28:14.811 --> 01:28:17.901
So, a poacher can kill
different family of apes,

1606
01:28:17.988 --> 01:28:19.642
family of chimps, let's say.

1607
01:28:19.729 --> 01:28:22.209
Then he would have a baby chimp.

1608
01:28:22.297 --> 01:28:25.038
A baby chimp stays on
the back of its mother

1609
01:28:25.125 --> 01:28:27.084
for the first three
years of his life.

1610
01:28:27.171 --> 01:28:31.393
So if the mother falls from
the tree dead, the baby,

1611
01:28:31.480 --> 01:28:33.917
dependent, doesn't run
away, he just clings

1612
01:28:34.004 --> 01:28:37.616
to the mother's body
and starts crying.

1613
01:28:37.703 --> 01:28:39.488
Poachers will hold in his hand.

1614
01:28:40.619 --> 01:28:42.491
Maybe he could kill
it for the meat on it,

1615
01:28:42.578 --> 01:28:45.102
and sell the meat,
or maybe he can sell,

1616
01:28:45.189 --> 01:28:47.191
or let's try my luck
in the pet trade.

1617
01:28:50.020 --> 01:28:52.414
So, here I was in front of
traffickers who were trying

1618
01:28:52.501 --> 01:28:57.114
to sell me a baby
chimp, abused, tiny,

1619
01:28:57.201 --> 01:29:00.509
one and half years old
baby, about to die.

1620
01:29:01.684 --> 01:29:03.642
I went to the wildlife
station and I said,

1621
01:29:03.729 --> 01:29:05.905
"Listen, apply the law,
there is a baby chimp here

1622
01:29:05.992 --> 01:29:09.344
that can be saved, this
baby chimp can outlive me.

1623
01:29:10.693 --> 01:29:13.957
"So, please let's do something,
let's get the law applied."

1624
01:29:14.044 --> 01:29:16.089
All they wanted was bribes.

1625
01:29:17.700 --> 01:29:19.354
I knew I had to do something.

1626
01:29:19.441 --> 01:29:23.227
Because all of this anger
I had against corruption,

1627
01:29:23.314 --> 01:29:26.143
lack of application of
the law, was right now

1628
01:29:26.230 --> 01:29:29.364
in the face of this baby chimp.

1629
01:29:31.366 --> 01:29:33.629
The following morning
I took a book of law,

1630
01:29:33.716 --> 01:29:36.240
I went to the big house
of these traffickers,

1631
01:29:36.327 --> 01:29:38.895
and I showed them, three
years imprisonment.

1632
01:29:40.157 --> 01:29:41.854
And they were
totally unimpressed.

1633
01:29:43.378 --> 01:29:46.119
And I said, "Well, you know I
know this is nothing for you,

1634
01:29:46.206 --> 01:29:49.688
because with three dollars
bribe you can get away with it."

1635
01:29:51.081 --> 01:29:52.865
Then I started bluffing them.

1636
01:29:52.952 --> 01:29:55.085
And I said, "I am part of this
huge, big international NGO,

1637
01:29:55.172 --> 01:29:57.696
and we are here to
fight corruption,

1638
01:29:57.783 --> 01:29:59.829
to get the law applied,
that's my new job."

1639
01:29:59.916 --> 01:30:01.265
And at that point
they just wanted

1640
01:30:01.352 --> 01:30:03.267
to get rid of the baby chimp.

1641
01:30:03.354 --> 01:30:07.489
I untied him from his ropes,
and I stretched my arms out,

1642
01:30:07.576 --> 01:30:11.144
and he just climbed my body
and gave me one big hug.

1643
01:30:12.581 --> 01:30:17.150
Once I gave him a hug,
he was again transformed,

1644
01:30:18.369 --> 01:30:19.892
back to a baby, a baby
with emotional needs.

1645
01:30:21.981 --> 01:30:25.420
And that hug became
a permanent hug,

1646
01:30:25.507 --> 01:30:28.423
because this baby chimp
basically adopted me.

1647
01:30:29.380 --> 01:30:32.122
[chimp laughing]

1648
01:30:42.828 --> 01:30:45.004
[metal clinking]

1649
01:30:45.091 --> 01:30:47.442
So, I called this
baby chimp 'Future'.

1650
01:30:47.529 --> 01:30:49.226
And I realized at that point,

1651
01:30:49.313 --> 01:30:50.880
that I can actually fight

1652
01:30:50.967 --> 01:30:54.231
not just for a future of
a small, one baby chimp,

1653
01:30:54.318 --> 01:30:55.928
but for the future
of his species.

1654
01:30:56.015 --> 01:30:58.278
We are in the middle of
a fight, a serious fight.

1655
01:30:59.497 --> 01:31:01.412
But I can get a
good night's sleep

1656
01:31:01.499 --> 01:31:04.981
if I know that we got one more
major trafficker behind bars,

1657
01:31:05.068 --> 01:31:06.939
one more official,
corrupt official

1658
01:31:07.026 --> 01:31:08.724
that actually paid
for his crimes.

1659
01:31:15.818 --> 01:31:20.083
- It's commercial gangs,
organized commercial gangs

1660
01:31:20.170 --> 01:31:22.477
of meat poachers,
doing it for profit,

1661
01:31:22.564 --> 01:31:24.479
'cause it's something
for nothing.

1662
01:31:24.566 --> 01:31:26.045
And it's the big cattle barons.

1663
01:31:26.132 --> 01:31:28.526
What you have to remember
about East Africa

1664
01:31:28.613 --> 01:31:30.963
is that it's the Wild West.

1665
01:31:31.050 --> 01:31:33.009
You know, you ever
seen a cowboy movie?

1666
01:31:33.096 --> 01:31:34.793
What's it all about?

1667
01:31:34.880 --> 01:31:37.927
You know, move west, young
man, there's gold down there.

1668
01:31:38.014 --> 01:31:39.972
And in the cowboy
movies you see them.

1669
01:31:40.059 --> 01:31:42.409
With these huge herds of
cattle moving. And in front

1670
01:31:42.497 --> 01:31:46.196
of that stock everything had
to go, Native American tribes,

1671
01:31:46.283 --> 01:31:49.765
wild animals, forests, rivers,
whatever, it was destroyed.

1672
01:31:49.852 --> 01:31:51.549
And that's what's
happening to us.

1673
01:31:54.204 --> 01:31:55.292
- So we're protecting gorillas,

1674
01:31:55.379 --> 01:31:56.598
we're protecting elephants,

1675
01:31:56.685 --> 01:31:57.599
we're trying to
protect orangutans.

1676
01:31:57.686 --> 01:31:59.339
But we're losing.

1677
01:31:59.426 --> 01:32:01.516
Because when we raise money
for NGOs, for organizations

1678
01:32:01.603 --> 01:32:03.953
to support the efforts
of government agencies

1679
01:32:04.040 --> 01:32:06.651
that are trying to
protect these forests.

1680
01:32:06.738 --> 01:32:09.436
We're thinking in terms of
tens, or hundreds of thousands,

1681
01:32:09.524 --> 01:32:11.656
bigger NGOs maybe low millions.

1682
01:32:11.743 --> 01:32:15.442
At the same time corporations
are spending billions

1683
01:32:15.530 --> 01:32:19.316
of dollars to develop
those same lands.

1684
01:32:19.403 --> 01:32:21.623
And the Ministers that
come to our UN meetings

1685
01:32:21.710 --> 01:32:24.887
and sign agreements to protect
apes, are often trumped

1686
01:32:24.974 --> 01:32:27.629
by the more powerful
Ministers of Agriculture

1687
01:32:27.716 --> 01:32:30.153
and Land Development, who
want the mines to develop

1688
01:32:30.240 --> 01:32:31.981
or want the roads to be
put through the forest.

1689
01:32:32.068 --> 01:32:34.940
Even though opening the
forest begins the degradation

1690
01:32:35.027 --> 01:32:37.247
that results in extinction.

1691
01:32:37.334 --> 01:32:40.076
[dramatic music]

1692
01:32:44.428 --> 01:32:46.996
- [Eric] With elephant
tusks and with rhino horns,

1693
01:32:47.083 --> 01:32:50.869
it's a more complicated issue,
it really is, it's a war.

1694
01:32:53.263 --> 01:32:56.527
A place like Kafue is kind
of ground zero in that war.

1695
01:32:56.614 --> 01:32:59.312
And the only way that
the Zambian government

1696
01:32:59.399 --> 01:33:02.359
is going to win that war
is with help from outside

1697
01:33:02.446 --> 01:33:05.362
and with devoting
more resources itself.

1698
01:33:08.626 --> 01:33:10.759
I think it's very positive
that the government

1699
01:33:10.846 --> 01:33:13.762
understands that it has a
crisis and that it needs

1700
01:33:13.849 --> 01:33:15.677
to take drastic
measures to address it.

1701
01:33:15.764 --> 01:33:17.940
And certainly deploying
the Zambian military

1702
01:33:18.027 --> 01:33:21.465
to deal with poaching
would be a drastic measure.

1703
01:33:21.552 --> 01:33:23.772
But it could be that the
situation merits that.

1704
01:33:23.859 --> 01:33:27.776
That it needs to take
such as drastic step.

1705
01:33:28.733 --> 01:33:31.475
[peaceful music]

1706
01:33:45.141 --> 01:33:48.187
- I don't think it's a
question of them not caring

1707
01:33:48.274 --> 01:33:50.189
about the wildlife. I
think it's a question

1708
01:33:50.276 --> 01:33:54.498
of them not knowing what is
going on with their wildlife.

1709
01:33:56.152 --> 01:33:59.634
I'd like to think that as proud
Africans and proud Zambians,

1710
01:33:59.721 --> 01:34:02.158
our life is more
important than money.

1711
01:34:03.942 --> 01:34:06.336
How can we get the
community to be involved

1712
01:34:06.423 --> 01:34:09.992
to benefit from safari hunting?

1713
01:34:10.079 --> 01:34:12.516
So, that they're not
tempted to poach?

1714
01:34:23.048 --> 01:34:28.053
[splashing]
[birds squawking]

1715
01:34:30.665 --> 01:34:34.103
We were sitting at the
camp and I was sitting

1716
01:34:34.190 --> 01:34:38.934
near the radio, and a game
scout radioed in to say

1717
01:34:39.021 --> 01:34:44.026
that he heard four shots, and
of course, the game scouts

1718
01:34:46.419 --> 01:34:50.946
were told to go and
investigate what was happening.

1719
01:34:51.033 --> 01:34:53.470
And the game scouts went
and they spent a night

1720
01:34:53.557 --> 01:34:55.124
in the bush and the
following morning

1721
01:34:55.211 --> 01:34:57.300
they found the elephants.

1722
01:34:57.387 --> 01:34:59.824
And it was a long
weekend, so I think

1723
01:34:59.911 --> 01:35:01.826
that was a Sunday when
the shots were heard,

1724
01:35:01.913 --> 01:35:03.523
the four shots were heard.

1725
01:35:03.610 --> 01:35:06.788
And the Monday morning,
the game scouts reported,

1726
01:35:06.875 --> 01:35:09.312
and we heard over the
radio that it was reported

1727
01:35:09.399 --> 01:35:11.967
that they found
three elephant down.

1728
01:35:12.054 --> 01:35:14.317
And so I jumped into my car

1729
01:35:14.404 --> 01:35:16.972
and I followed the
game scouts to go

1730
01:35:17.059 --> 01:35:18.538
and see what was happening.

1731
01:35:18.625 --> 01:35:21.498
And I took the pictures,
and I was so devastated.

1732
01:35:21.585 --> 01:35:22.847
- [Ranger] So this poor thing

1733
01:35:22.934 --> 01:35:25.241
has been suffering
the whole time?

1734
01:35:28.157 --> 01:35:30.812
[flies buzzing]

1735
01:35:34.641 --> 01:35:37.644
[elephant groaning]

1736
01:35:43.825 --> 01:35:45.565
- I was weeping openly.

1737
01:35:45.652 --> 01:35:47.742
The game scouts were horrified.

1738
01:35:47.829 --> 01:35:50.179
I don't think there was not
one person who stood there,

1739
01:35:50.266 --> 01:35:53.530
including the game scouts,
that didn't drop a tear.

1740
01:35:53.617 --> 01:35:55.662
It was beyond everybody.

1741
01:35:55.750 --> 01:35:57.839
It was so, so sad.

1742
01:35:57.926 --> 01:36:00.363
Especially that she
was a lactating mother.

1743
01:36:00.450 --> 01:36:03.192
She was a lactating mother
with two small babies.

1744
01:36:03.279 --> 01:36:05.020
The tusks were barely that size.

1745
01:36:05.107 --> 01:36:08.066
They killed an elephant
that takes a gestation

1746
01:36:08.153 --> 01:36:11.722
of 18 months and in
another eighteen months

1747
01:36:11.809 --> 01:36:13.942
to make a tusk that size.

1748
01:36:14.029 --> 01:36:16.814
Even the game scouts
were devastated.

1749
01:36:16.901 --> 01:36:19.643
[dramatic music]

1750
01:36:22.951 --> 01:36:26.868
- That is actual slaughter of
an elephant that is put down,

1751
01:36:26.955 --> 01:36:30.175
still alive as the tusk
is carved out of its face.

1752
01:36:30.262 --> 01:36:34.136
Purely so that you can
have a trinket, right?

1753
01:36:34.223 --> 01:36:36.355
It's beautiful artwork.

1754
01:36:36.442 --> 01:36:38.749
This craftsmanship is exquisite,

1755
01:36:38.836 --> 01:36:41.665
but they used a critically
endangered species to do it.

1756
01:36:44.450 --> 01:36:49.455
Wildlife crime is a crime
that is very low risk

1757
01:36:50.326 --> 01:36:51.806
and very high monetary value.

1758
01:36:51.893 --> 01:36:53.459
It's currently estimated

1759
01:36:53.546 --> 01:36:56.027
at a nineteen billion
dollar industry, annually.

1760
01:36:56.114 --> 01:36:59.639
And the fact that the
sentence really is just a slap

1761
01:36:59.726 --> 01:37:01.598
on the wrist for people
that are making millions

1762
01:37:01.685 --> 01:37:04.253
and millions of dollars off
of everybody's wildlife.

1763
01:37:07.691 --> 01:37:10.346
- Well, you know, the sad
thing is they will shoot them

1764
01:37:10.433 --> 01:37:13.044
in the knees to slow
them down or to try

1765
01:37:13.131 --> 01:37:14.785
to stop them from charging.

1766
01:37:14.872 --> 01:37:16.831
You know because this, it's
not likely they're gonna

1767
01:37:16.918 --> 01:37:18.658
get this into the brain, but
they can get it into the legs

1768
01:37:18.745 --> 01:37:20.356
to maybe make them stumble,

1769
01:37:20.443 --> 01:37:22.793
fall and not be able to
charge them or trample them.

1770
01:37:22.880 --> 01:37:24.316
Because it doesn't take much to,

1771
01:37:24.403 --> 01:37:27.798
you know, what does an
elephant weigh, a ton?

1772
01:37:27.885 --> 01:37:29.147
- Eight.
- Eight tons.

1773
01:37:29.234 --> 01:37:30.801
That thing steps on
you, you're dead.

1774
01:37:30.888 --> 01:37:33.717
So, I would imagine
that's probably with an AK

1775
01:37:33.804 --> 01:37:35.545
that's probably their
best effort is to just try

1776
01:37:35.632 --> 01:37:37.852
to shoot the legs
to get 'em to stop.

1777
01:37:37.939 --> 01:37:41.159
And then I don't, from
what I've heard they

1778
01:37:41.246 --> 01:37:43.640
just go up and they just
basically take a machete

1779
01:37:43.727 --> 01:37:46.295
or chainsaw and it's
like, man, I don't.

1780
01:37:46.382 --> 01:37:47.905
How somebody could do something

1781
01:37:47.992 --> 01:37:50.386
like that I just don't know.

1782
01:37:51.953 --> 01:37:53.389
- [Azad] The
animals being driven

1783
01:37:53.476 --> 01:37:55.826
to extinction
affects everything.

1784
01:37:55.913 --> 01:37:57.654
This is a not an
African problem.

1785
01:37:57.741 --> 01:37:59.874
But everyone says" "Poaching
is a problem for Africa."

1786
01:37:59.961 --> 01:38:01.136
No, it's not.

1787
01:38:01.223 --> 01:38:02.137
No, it's not.

1788
01:38:02.224 --> 01:38:03.312
This affects you.

1789
01:38:06.576 --> 01:38:10.928
- [Jane] The current rate
of killing of elephants

1790
01:38:11.015 --> 01:38:14.627
is actually worse
than in the 1980s,

1791
01:38:14.714 --> 01:38:17.456
because the price
of ivory has soared.

1792
01:38:17.543 --> 01:38:18.849
You know so many elephants,

1793
01:38:18.936 --> 01:38:20.372
they're reckoning one elephant

1794
01:38:20.459 --> 01:38:22.679
every 15 minutes across Africa.

1795
01:38:22.766 --> 01:38:25.464
And this is completely
unsustainable.

1796
01:38:25.551 --> 01:38:27.510
So, that some
populations are already

1797
01:38:27.597 --> 01:38:29.512
on the road to extinction.

1798
01:38:29.599 --> 01:38:34.604
And if we don't stop this
terrible poaching soon,

1799
01:38:35.735 --> 01:38:38.869
we may actually lose
this most extraordinary

1800
01:38:38.956 --> 01:38:41.437
and amazing of land mammals.

1801
01:38:47.095 --> 01:38:50.707
- I think we are coming
to a cultural change here.

1802
01:38:50.794 --> 01:38:54.145
One of those changes
is collaboration.

1803
01:38:54.232 --> 01:38:56.408
What we now need to do
is have a Renaissance

1804
01:38:56.495 --> 01:38:59.237
of bringing people
back together.

1805
01:39:08.943 --> 01:39:13.251
[laughs]
[speaking Sangho language]

1806
01:39:13.338 --> 01:39:18.169
We are part of a system
here and not just some being

1807
01:39:18.256 --> 01:39:19.866
that can control nature.

1808
01:39:19.954 --> 01:39:21.520
We can't control nature.

1809
01:39:21.607 --> 01:39:23.305
We're part of nature.

1810
01:40:35.768 --> 01:40:39.381
[somber, mysterious music]