WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:07.000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08.000 --> 00:00:13.000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:21.730 --> 00:00:24.232 Diving is the most fabulous distraction 4 00:00:24.357 --> 00:00:25.442 you can experience. 5 00:00:27.027 --> 00:00:29.154 I am miserable out of the water. 6 00:00:31.239 --> 00:00:34.117 It is as though you have been introduced to heaven, 7 00:00:34.909 --> 00:00:37.203 and then forced back to Earth. 8 00:00:59.684 --> 00:01:01.061 It's a beautiful sight. 9 00:01:03.688 --> 00:01:04.731 Okay. 10 00:01:05.482 --> 00:01:07.734 Captain, This is Jennifer. Jennifer. 11 00:01:08.151 --> 00:01:09.611 Um, what's it like down there? 12 00:01:13.990 --> 00:01:14.991 Okay. 13 00:01:15.700 --> 00:01:16.868 It's fantastic. 14 00:01:18.036 --> 00:01:20.914 Imagine having no weight. 15 00:01:22.248 --> 00:01:24.334 Imagine that this would be underwater. 16 00:01:24.667 --> 00:01:28.171 You would just inhale your lungs and you would float around. 17 00:01:29.464 --> 00:01:34.052 You would move like this swimming in space above all your little friends. 18 00:01:35.428 --> 00:01:36.471 It's beautiful. 19 00:01:36.846 --> 00:01:38.139 Captain, 20 00:01:38.223 --> 00:01:39.682 we have a question here. 21 00:02:01.621 --> 00:02:05.750 I am fascinated by the element, water. 22 00:02:10.463 --> 00:02:14.843 The world we live in on Earth, it is a struggle against gravity. 23 00:02:16.886 --> 00:02:19.848 But, by diving, when you put an Aqualung on your back, 24 00:02:20.473 --> 00:02:22.725 you suddenly are turned into an archangel. 25 00:02:23.476 --> 00:02:27.230 In harmony with the one single thread 26 00:02:27.313 --> 00:02:30.358 around which all forms of life have been created. 27 00:02:33.486 --> 00:02:34.612 It's liberation. 28 00:02:43.329 --> 00:02:46.082 You describe yourself as a witness to change. 29 00:02:46.708 --> 00:02:50.253 When in fact did you first become aware of the way 30 00:02:50.336 --> 00:02:52.547 that the planet we're on was changing? 31 00:02:54.507 --> 00:02:57.802 Well, when my friends and I started, 32 00:02:57.886 --> 00:03:01.764 it was for us, for ourselves. The pleasure of discovering. 33 00:03:02.807 --> 00:03:04.100 Look sharp, they're diving! 34 00:03:05.351 --> 00:03:07.812 Stand by with the buoy! Falco and Piel, get ready! 35 00:03:08.980 --> 00:03:13.318 I thought that my job was to show what was in the sea, 36 00:03:13.985 --> 00:03:15.236 the beauties of it... 37 00:03:16.487 --> 00:03:20.408 so that people would get to know and love the sea. 38 00:03:22.660 --> 00:03:25.747 Then we began to see that the things that we had admired 39 00:03:25.830 --> 00:03:27.999 were beginning to decay. 40 00:03:29.292 --> 00:03:31.002 And we said, "We have to do something." 41 00:03:32.712 --> 00:03:34.172 "We have to enter the fight." 42 00:03:37.258 --> 00:03:41.012 Because you will only protect what you love. 43 00:03:53.483 --> 00:03:54.817 Good evening. 44 00:03:54.901 --> 00:03:58.404 I have no doubt that you'll recognize the face on the screen behind me. 45 00:03:58.947 --> 00:04:00.865 It's that of Captain Jacques-Yves Cousteau. 46 00:04:01.491 --> 00:04:03.326 For the past 25 years, Captain Cousteau's 47 00:04:03.660 --> 00:04:06.287 books and films and television series 48 00:04:06.371 --> 00:04:09.040 have reached hundreds of millions of people all over the world, 49 00:04:09.123 --> 00:04:12.126 sharing with them one of the great discoveries of our time, 50 00:04:12.252 --> 00:04:15.630 the mysterious, incomparably beautiful world under the sea. 51 00:04:16.256 --> 00:04:19.968 Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome Captain Jacques-Yves Cousteau. 52 00:04:27.058 --> 00:04:29.477 First, Captain Cousteau, I'd like to ask you 53 00:04:29.560 --> 00:04:33.523 how you account for this lifelong preoccupation with the sea? 54 00:04:33.606 --> 00:04:36.150 When I was a very small boy, 55 00:04:37.068 --> 00:04:41.698 I was fascinated by the fluid element 56 00:04:41.781 --> 00:04:44.284 that was capable of supporting very heavy ships. 57 00:04:44.367 --> 00:04:46.869 I couldn't understand very well how it did it. 58 00:04:47.412 --> 00:04:49.539 But you could have learnt all that in museums, 59 00:04:49.622 --> 00:04:53.751 and by walking about on the surface, what extra insight did you get by diving? 60 00:04:54.043 --> 00:04:57.714 Uh, you never experience a difference between reading a book 61 00:04:57.797 --> 00:05:00.258 - and doing it yourself? - Good point. 62 00:05:02.427 --> 00:05:05.680 If you read a book about love making, it's not the same. 63 00:05:16.524 --> 00:05:20.987 "Every explorer I have met has been driven by curiosity. 64 00:05:22.530 --> 00:05:27.243 "A single-minded, insatiable, and even jubilant need to know. 65 00:05:29.620 --> 00:05:32.540 "We must go and see for ourselves." 66 00:05:42.008 --> 00:05:43.217 Since I was a kid, 67 00:05:43.718 --> 00:05:47.347 I had a tremendous desire to search and go further. 68 00:05:50.725 --> 00:05:54.312 So, at the age of 20, I entered the Naval Academy. 69 00:05:55.271 --> 00:05:58.649 And I chose, as my specialty, airplane pilot. 70 00:06:04.364 --> 00:06:07.575 And I was at the pilot school of the Navy, 71 00:06:07.700 --> 00:06:09.285 when I was driving at night. 72 00:06:12.455 --> 00:06:15.750 But then I had an accident, a very bad accident. 73 00:06:17.001 --> 00:06:20.421 I had a right arm paralyzed, 12 bones broken, 74 00:06:20.880 --> 00:06:22.423 I... I was in a bad state. 75 00:06:27.720 --> 00:06:30.515 "I was alone at night, bleeding, on a country road, 76 00:06:31.224 --> 00:06:32.308 "with nobody to come. 77 00:06:33.184 --> 00:06:34.894 "It was 2:00 in the morning. 78 00:06:35.561 --> 00:06:36.604 "I was losing blood. 79 00:06:37.647 --> 00:06:41.275 "Turning to the sky, looking at the stars, I thought I was going to die. 80 00:06:42.693 --> 00:06:45.780 "But strangely enough, that became for me, 81 00:06:46.364 --> 00:06:47.990 "a wonderful opportunity." 82 00:06:50.743 --> 00:06:51.911 Cousteau was told 83 00:06:51.994 --> 00:06:55.706 that he should go, and see my grandfather Philippe Tailliez, 84 00:06:55.790 --> 00:07:01.170 who was one of the very early free divers in the Navy, and Frederic Dumas, 85 00:07:01.629 --> 00:07:06.300 who was not in the Navy, but he was a very famous spearfisher at the time. 86 00:07:07.927 --> 00:07:12.140 And Tailliez and Dumas thought that they could probably help Cousteau 87 00:07:12.265 --> 00:07:14.308 recover, through swimming. 88 00:09:51.841 --> 00:09:55.136 When my grandfather and Cousteau started freediving, 89 00:09:56.053 --> 00:09:57.847 they had the whole sea to them, 90 00:09:58.389 --> 00:10:01.392 because nobody else was doing that at the time. 91 00:10:03.352 --> 00:10:06.314 All the fishermen were jealous about these three guys 92 00:10:06.522 --> 00:10:10.276 that would go straight into the water, and come out with the biggest fishes. 93 00:10:30.212 --> 00:10:32.757 They were quite famous on the French Riviera. 94 00:10:34.133 --> 00:10:38.179 The local press would call them, "The three diving Musketeers". 95 00:11:30.773 --> 00:11:34.944 Simone wanted a life as a sailor on the sea. 96 00:11:36.821 --> 00:11:39.448 Her two grandfathers were admirals 97 00:11:39.532 --> 00:11:42.368 and all of her family were sailors. 98 00:11:44.328 --> 00:11:48.708 She said, "I don't have blood. I have saltwater in my veins." 99 00:11:54.338 --> 00:11:57.717 When she married Cousteau, she made a deal with him. 100 00:11:58.759 --> 00:12:02.346 "I give you two children, Jean-Michel and Philippe, 101 00:12:03.389 --> 00:12:05.933 "and you give me the sea." 102 00:12:34.545 --> 00:12:38.257 Simone started coming with us, on all my expeditions. 103 00:12:41.552 --> 00:12:44.847 And after two years, we already knew how to dive very well. 104 00:12:47.767 --> 00:12:52.146 But we had an inner urge to go deeper and further. 105 00:12:54.648 --> 00:12:57.234 It's always the same, necessity. 106 00:12:58.778 --> 00:13:02.072 In order to go deeper, in order to stay longer, 107 00:13:02.948 --> 00:13:05.284 I became an inventor by necessity. 108 00:14:51.932 --> 00:14:54.560 "I took normal breaths in a slow rhythm, 109 00:14:54.643 --> 00:14:57.897 "bowed my head and swam smoothly down to 30 feet. 110 00:14:58.814 --> 00:15:00.816 "I felt no increase in water pressure" 111 00:15:03.694 --> 00:15:05.613 "It was a new and promising device, 112 00:15:06.697 --> 00:15:09.116 "the result of years of struggle and dreams, 113 00:15:09.867 --> 00:15:12.494 diving could be revolutionized." 114 00:15:33.057 --> 00:15:35.559 "We had been years in the sea as goggle divers. 115 00:15:36.560 --> 00:15:39.521 "Our new key to the hidden world promised wonders. 116 00:15:43.108 --> 00:15:46.779 "But unfortunately, our Utopia was doomed to disappear." 117 00:15:56.538 --> 00:15:58.374 Within four short weeks, 118 00:15:59.083 --> 00:16:01.335 French defenses had been utterly shattered. 119 00:16:02.169 --> 00:16:04.463 And Adolf Hitler has claimed Paris as his own. 120 00:16:07.925 --> 00:16:12.513 After France surrendered, my wife and I didn't sleep much. 121 00:16:14.556 --> 00:16:16.308 I always had a gun in my pocket, 122 00:16:16.392 --> 00:16:19.103 I was looking outside before I went out. 123 00:16:22.272 --> 00:16:24.692 But during all that time, we still had the sea. 124 00:16:32.074 --> 00:16:34.410 For my grandfather and for Cousteau, 125 00:16:35.119 --> 00:16:37.204 diving was an escape from the war. 126 00:16:39.373 --> 00:16:42.209 Because above the sea, nothing made sense. 127 00:16:53.345 --> 00:16:55.097 "I was determined to have a career. 128 00:16:56.348 --> 00:17:00.602 "And it was during the war that I realized that the autonomous diving suit 129 00:17:00.686 --> 00:17:02.479 "could be a serious business. 130 00:17:03.355 --> 00:17:06.525 "There were hundreds of jobs for divers in the scuttled fleet, 131 00:17:06.608 --> 00:17:08.485 "and in the ships torpedoed at sea. 132 00:17:11.071 --> 00:17:14.491 "So when the war was over, I told officials at the Navy Ministry 133 00:17:14.575 --> 00:17:17.953 "about this entirely new system we had developed." 134 00:18:33.237 --> 00:18:36.240 Cousteau got a boat from the French Navy. 135 00:18:36.907 --> 00:18:39.159 And the whole team was supposed to go diving. 136 00:18:41.328 --> 00:18:43.872 Cousteau was trying to finance a new boat 137 00:18:44.915 --> 00:18:50.129 and he wanted to prove that the Aqualung could go more than 100 meters deep. 138 00:18:50.212 --> 00:18:51.713 Which had never been done. 139 00:19:07.437 --> 00:19:09.189 It was like electricity in the air, 140 00:19:09.898 --> 00:19:14.903 a mix of excitement and fear, with all the journalists taking pictures. 141 00:19:16.697 --> 00:19:19.992 Cousteau was going to make the Aqualung famous. 142 00:19:21.285 --> 00:19:24.580 And they were going to try to break a record. 143 00:19:34.965 --> 00:19:38.385 LUC BÉ 144 00:20:45.494 --> 00:20:50.415 The first person to go down, Maurice Fargues, died that day. 145 00:21:09.017 --> 00:21:12.020 "Fargues is the first of my team that I see disappear. 146 00:21:13.188 --> 00:21:15.065 "This drama upsets me for months. 147 00:21:17.985 --> 00:21:20.862 "I start to wonder if what I am undertaking makes sense. 148 00:21:22.239 --> 00:21:24.324 "If it is not asking too much of these men 149 00:21:24.408 --> 00:21:27.286 "to risk their lives for a hypothetical conquest." 150 00:21:33.875 --> 00:21:37.838 After the death of Fargues, it was no longer the "Three Musketeers". 151 00:21:40.841 --> 00:21:44.886 My grandfather just knew it had to be different for him. 152 00:21:48.265 --> 00:21:52.102 He said, "His death must not be in vain. 153 00:21:52.853 --> 00:21:57.357 "It is up to us to learn from it, and the lessons it contains". 154 00:22:02.279 --> 00:22:05.115 My grandfather was also an early ecologist. 155 00:22:06.283 --> 00:22:10.871 And he was one of the first to realize how precious the reef is... 156 00:22:12.122 --> 00:22:13.790 and how quickly it can disappear. 157 00:22:16.251 --> 00:22:20.172 And he told Cousteau they have a role to play to protect it. 158 00:22:22.341 --> 00:22:24.801 He said, "We are opening Pandora's Box." 159 00:22:28.388 --> 00:22:31.558 But at the time, Cousteau had another agenda. 160 00:23:22.234 --> 00:23:24.236 Calypso was basically a minesweeper, 161 00:23:25.112 --> 00:23:27.114 built in 1942 in America. 162 00:23:28.448 --> 00:23:30.534 And I acquired her for very little money, 163 00:23:31.326 --> 00:23:34.287 thanks to a grant given to me by a British citizen. 164 00:23:35.622 --> 00:23:38.834 And she has gone practically everywhere around the world with me. 165 00:25:48.380 --> 00:25:49.631 Journal number one. 166 00:25:52.926 --> 00:25:55.554 We are at sea, at long last, 167 00:25:56.054 --> 00:25:59.349 enjoying this first day of navigation on the Calypso. 168 00:26:00.934 --> 00:26:04.354 We have started with a full-scale expedition 169 00:26:04.563 --> 00:26:07.315 to explore the reefs of the Red Sea. 170 00:26:45.604 --> 00:26:46.938 Journal number two. 171 00:26:49.065 --> 00:26:52.235 Since we left, bad weather has never stopped. 172 00:26:53.695 --> 00:26:56.239 It is raining, it is cold, 173 00:26:57.073 --> 00:27:00.702 and the swell is at least force six. 174 00:27:03.330 --> 00:27:07.417 We are thrown from one side to another, 24 hours a day. 175 00:27:10.462 --> 00:27:15.050 And I spent a horrible night fearing for my vessel. 176 00:27:17.427 --> 00:27:21.348 So we sailed north again and found a very good shelter. 177 00:27:21.848 --> 00:27:23.892 A poetic and desolate island. 178 00:28:17.112 --> 00:28:20.281 "I have that feeling of trespassing when I submerge. 179 00:28:21.408 --> 00:28:23.118 "The feeling that you're cheating. 180 00:28:24.244 --> 00:28:25.745 "We're land animals 181 00:28:26.246 --> 00:28:28.581 "and we're not supposed to cross the threshold. 182 00:28:29.874 --> 00:28:31.710 "Nature warns us 'Don't go.' 183 00:28:33.420 --> 00:28:37.215 "But we do go, and the sense of trespass vanishes." 184 00:28:41.052 --> 00:28:43.346 The whole world was being discovered. 185 00:28:43.888 --> 00:28:46.850 And we had no idea that we were destroying it. 186 00:28:49.269 --> 00:28:51.855 Setting off dynamite to count the fish at the surface, you know, 187 00:28:51.938 --> 00:28:53.565 to see how many fish lived underneath. 188 00:28:54.899 --> 00:28:57.068 We just didn't know any better at the time. 189 00:30:39.170 --> 00:30:40.672 This is an underwater hunt 190 00:30:40.755 --> 00:30:43.174 by Captain Cousteau's group in the Persian Gulf. 191 00:30:43.716 --> 00:30:46.386 These men are searching not for pink pearls, 192 00:30:46.469 --> 00:30:48.680 but for black gold. Oil. 193 00:31:41.357 --> 00:31:45.570 "The only field in which I know I am gifted is cinema. 194 00:31:46.696 --> 00:31:48.031 "It's a built-in sickness. 195 00:31:48.865 --> 00:31:51.242 "I feel miserable if I don't make a film." 196 00:32:04.130 --> 00:32:08.509 When I was about 12, I saw my first underwater films. 197 00:32:09.677 --> 00:32:11.971 And I found them miraculous. 198 00:32:14.057 --> 00:32:18.061 People at that time had no idea what was going on under the surface. 199 00:32:19.395 --> 00:32:21.397 So that was a revelation for me. 200 00:32:22.273 --> 00:32:27.362 That's when I understood the strength, the power of images. 201 00:32:32.992 --> 00:32:35.954 I started taking movies at the age of 13. 202 00:32:37.413 --> 00:32:43.044 I began to make little stories about the marriage of my cousin. 203 00:32:43.294 --> 00:32:49.717 And also, with my brother, we imagined a gangster story. 204 00:32:55.056 --> 00:32:56.265 During all those years, 205 00:32:56.808 --> 00:32:59.727 everywhere I went, my notebook was a camera. 206 00:33:02.689 --> 00:33:04.899 And after I invented the Aqualung, 207 00:33:04.983 --> 00:33:07.485 I wanted to show my friends what I was seeing. 208 00:33:09.237 --> 00:33:12.699 But, to photograph underwater I had to put a camera in a housing. 209 00:33:13.741 --> 00:33:15.451 So I had to invent that too. 210 00:34:32.153 --> 00:34:33.154 Action! 211 00:35:58.614 --> 00:35:59.532 Action! 212 00:36:00.867 --> 00:36:02.535 "I become furious 213 00:36:03.286 --> 00:36:05.872 "when they label my films with the word 'documentary.' 214 00:36:06.455 --> 00:36:09.375 "That means a lecture by a guy who knows more than you." 215 00:36:11.294 --> 00:36:13.296 "Our films are not documentaries. 216 00:36:14.422 --> 00:36:16.924 "They are true adventure films." 217 00:36:22.013 --> 00:36:24.015 Bridge, engine room! Bridge, engine room! 218 00:36:24.098 --> 00:36:26.267 Something has just stalled the port engine! 219 00:36:26.350 --> 00:36:27.852 We've crashed into a whale. 220 00:36:28.644 --> 00:36:31.272 The cuts are so deep, it cannot survive. 221 00:36:32.148 --> 00:36:34.984 We speed up to put the whale out of its misery. 222 00:36:44.911 --> 00:36:49.290 "I dreamed of being the John Ford or John Huston of the ocean." 223 00:36:49.373 --> 00:36:50.583 Action! 224 00:36:52.919 --> 00:36:55.004 "To offer beauty to my fellow human beings." 225 00:38:28.222 --> 00:38:29.432 "A moment of grace, 226 00:38:30.891 --> 00:38:34.979 "I slide into the depths, aware of living in harmony 227 00:38:35.062 --> 00:38:37.898 "with an environment very different from the world above. 228 00:38:40.526 --> 00:38:43.279 "I swim almost effortlessly, 229 00:38:44.405 --> 00:38:45.614 "like the fish I meet. 230 00:38:49.493 --> 00:38:51.245 "I am an unexpected guest, 231 00:38:52.496 --> 00:38:54.665 "spellbound by this splendor. 232 00:38:55.499 --> 00:38:56.834 "This silence. 233 00:38:57.752 --> 00:38:59.003 "This harmony." 234 00:39:05.384 --> 00:39:08.095 In London last night, a man gave a lecture 235 00:39:08.679 --> 00:39:13.017 paving the way to a time when human beings will live continuously under the sea. 236 00:39:14.810 --> 00:39:17.313 Commander, is this development of the ocean bed 237 00:39:17.396 --> 00:39:20.775 an adventure to you, or does it have practical applications? 238 00:39:22.818 --> 00:39:26.655 I don't think we can name it an adventure. 239 00:39:27.198 --> 00:39:31.160 It is a succession of carefully planned 240 00:39:31.243 --> 00:39:32.620 and prepared steps. 241 00:39:33.829 --> 00:39:38.959 We are moving into the sea, deeper and longer. 242 00:42:24.500 --> 00:42:28.087 In the coming years, we will establish settlements 243 00:42:29.088 --> 00:42:31.715 where men will live completely in the water. 244 00:42:33.175 --> 00:42:37.137 So this is a bright future for diving. 245 00:42:38.138 --> 00:42:41.225 Because it will eliminate all ties to the surface. 246 00:44:04.266 --> 00:44:06.435 Cousteau said to me many times 247 00:44:06.518 --> 00:44:10.230 that an explorer has no right to be a family man. 248 00:44:12.650 --> 00:44:15.277 He's off following his nose, 249 00:44:15.361 --> 00:44:17.655 to the future and to the universe. 250 00:44:19.782 --> 00:44:21.867 And that's how it needs to be. 251 00:44:27.456 --> 00:44:30.501 The children, they were not cared for. 252 00:44:32.086 --> 00:44:34.380 They went to boarding school. 253 00:44:35.547 --> 00:44:40.719 And Simone, she was more interested in a life on the sea. 254 00:44:43.013 --> 00:44:45.224 She had only one passion, 255 00:44:46.850 --> 00:44:47.893 Calypso. 256 00:44:53.190 --> 00:44:55.025 What most people don't realize 257 00:44:55.109 --> 00:44:57.486 is that my mother spent more time 258 00:44:57.569 --> 00:45:00.531 on the ship than my father, my brother, and myself together. 259 00:45:03.033 --> 00:45:04.952 She doesn't like to be on film, 260 00:45:05.035 --> 00:45:06.620 and that's why she has avoided it. 261 00:45:06.704 --> 00:45:09.748 She stays away from the cameras. 262 00:45:15.254 --> 00:45:18.257 She's the strong person behind the scenes. 263 00:45:19.258 --> 00:45:22.720 Uh, people confide in her, and she makes a lot of decisions, 264 00:45:22.803 --> 00:45:24.221 which most people don't even know about. 265 00:45:24.555 --> 00:45:26.181 They don't even know she exists. 266 00:46:03.302 --> 00:46:05.512 Jean-Michel, what was it like on Calypso 267 00:46:05.596 --> 00:46:06.847 as a young kid? 268 00:46:09.141 --> 00:46:11.977 I cannot compare with anybody else, 269 00:46:12.060 --> 00:46:14.354 since this was a natural thing. 270 00:46:14.438 --> 00:46:16.899 I was invited there for my vacation. 271 00:46:16.982 --> 00:46:21.487 And it took many years for me to realize that this was very unusual. 272 00:46:29.119 --> 00:46:32.414 You have to be prepared to make all kinds of sacrifices. 273 00:46:33.707 --> 00:46:38.921 You have to agree to have a very sketchy family life. 274 00:46:42.716 --> 00:46:43.592 Philippe, 275 00:46:43.675 --> 00:46:45.719 what's the biggest blunder your father ever made? 276 00:46:50.307 --> 00:46:51.934 That's too hard to answer, really. 277 00:46:52.059 --> 00:46:53.268 Okay. 278 00:47:50.158 --> 00:47:52.035 Philippe was like his father. 279 00:47:52.661 --> 00:47:57.124 Always doing dangerous things, fearing nothing. 280 00:48:00.127 --> 00:48:02.963 Cousteau was like a king with his empire. 281 00:48:04.923 --> 00:48:07.926 And Philippe was the next king. 282 00:48:11.555 --> 00:48:13.140 In the perpetual darkness, 283 00:48:13.223 --> 00:48:15.726 Philippe Cousteau focuses his underwater camera 284 00:48:15.809 --> 00:48:17.102 on a unique experiment. 285 00:48:17.686 --> 00:48:21.398 The oceanauts will try to repair a production type oil wellhead, 286 00:48:21.481 --> 00:48:23.358 370 feet deep. 287 00:48:25.319 --> 00:48:28.906 The petroleum companies had given Cousteau a contract 288 00:48:28.989 --> 00:48:30.616 to do scientific research. 289 00:48:31.450 --> 00:48:36.038 And he used the money to fund Calypso, and to continue his explorations. 290 00:48:39.791 --> 00:48:44.671 It may have been a wrong turn in his path to the future. 291 00:48:47.215 --> 00:48:48.884 But the world at that time 292 00:48:48.967 --> 00:48:51.720 didn't understand the danger to the environment. 293 00:48:54.806 --> 00:48:58.977 So, for Cousteau, that was a means to an end. 294 00:49:11.782 --> 00:49:13.867 Once we had finished this chapter, 295 00:49:14.409 --> 00:49:16.620 we had done the work of a pioneer. 296 00:49:18.538 --> 00:49:22.125 So we turned this over to the industry, to use it. 297 00:49:26.171 --> 00:49:29.174 But we wondered if we were doing the right thing. 298 00:50:09.214 --> 00:50:11.341 They put the Jacques Cousteau footage on the air, 299 00:50:11.425 --> 00:50:12.968 and it was a big success. 300 00:50:13.677 --> 00:50:16.179 One day I'm sitting in the house and I tell my wife, 301 00:50:16.263 --> 00:50:18.181 "I bet you that'll be a great series. 302 00:50:18.265 --> 00:50:21.018 "Jacques Cousteau going underwater, around the world, 303 00:50:21.101 --> 00:50:22.936 "The Seven Seas, was my thought." 304 00:50:24.646 --> 00:50:27.941 So I flew to Monaco and spoke with Cousteau. 305 00:50:42.998 --> 00:50:46.168 He says, "I just figured the money, you have to do 12 hours. 306 00:50:46.251 --> 00:50:47.836 "I can't do it in less than 12 hours." 307 00:50:49.463 --> 00:50:51.798 So I go back to New York to sell the 12 shows. 308 00:50:52.174 --> 00:50:54.885 I go to NBC, they don't even know who Jacques Cousteau is. 309 00:50:55.469 --> 00:50:57.763 Who is he? "Well, he's the undersea guy who invented the Aqualung." 310 00:50:57.846 --> 00:50:59.097 "We don't care." 311 00:51:00.140 --> 00:51:02.684 I go to ABC, who is there but Tom Moore. 312 00:51:03.393 --> 00:51:06.605 He looks at this thing, this is terrific, but I can't take 12. 313 00:51:06.813 --> 00:51:10.067 But he says, "David, you know, I'm a member of The Explorers Club 314 00:51:10.317 --> 00:51:14.362 "and I have not been able to find an explorer to speak at my goddamn thing. 315 00:51:15.072 --> 00:51:17.365 "Can you get Jacques Cousteau to speak?" 316 00:51:17.449 --> 00:51:20.243 I said, "Well, you know I could ask him." He said "I tell you what. 317 00:51:20.327 --> 00:51:23.789 "You get Jacques Cousteau to show up, I'll put the 12 shows on the air." 318 00:51:25.707 --> 00:51:26.917 And the rest is history. 319 00:51:36.885 --> 00:51:37.928 Action! 320 00:51:39.888 --> 00:51:43.642 I started on the Cousteau series in 1967. 321 00:51:45.143 --> 00:51:50.190 And I was given a huge editing room because there was so much footage. 322 00:51:53.235 --> 00:51:54.820 Sharks, whales, 323 00:51:56.571 --> 00:51:58.532 and things I had never seen before. 324 00:52:09.501 --> 00:52:12.295 The shark is said to be a fearsome brute. 325 00:52:13.004 --> 00:52:14.464 But this is not always true. 326 00:52:16.842 --> 00:52:19.302 Many harmless species exist, 327 00:52:19.886 --> 00:52:24.850 sand sharks, spotted dogfish, nurse, and leopard sharks. 328 00:52:24.933 --> 00:52:29.354 But for a diver, a shark bite, whether accidental or deliberate, 329 00:52:29.437 --> 00:52:32.566 is always serious and sometimes fatal. 330 00:52:43.910 --> 00:52:45.370 Hello, Raymond. Hello, Raymond. 331 00:52:45.453 --> 00:52:48.498 What depth are you at? What depth are you at? 332 00:52:48.582 --> 00:52:52.627 I have abandoned or almost abandoned feature films, 333 00:52:52.711 --> 00:52:57.090 the production of feature films for television, for only one good reason. 334 00:52:58.258 --> 00:53:00.093 Though it is an aesthetic sacrifice, 335 00:53:00.760 --> 00:53:05.140 it is a way to reach, by the only real mass medium there is, 336 00:53:05.891 --> 00:53:07.934 millions of people rapidly. 337 00:53:08.560 --> 00:53:10.520 Well understood, Raymond, well understood. 338 00:53:11.730 --> 00:53:12.731 We are all okay. 339 00:53:13.982 --> 00:53:16.401 He had that wonderful persona. 340 00:53:16.985 --> 00:53:21.156 But the general audience at that time didn't know who Jacques Cousteau was. 341 00:53:22.240 --> 00:53:24.701 As our assistants logged him, 342 00:53:24.784 --> 00:53:29.539 "There's an old man in a red beanie cap on deck." 343 00:53:33.376 --> 00:53:37.505 So, we had a lot of discussions about, how are we going to present him? 344 00:53:38.673 --> 00:53:41.468 Is he a scientist? Researcher? 345 00:53:42.177 --> 00:53:45.972 Or is he a philosopher? Or an inventor? 346 00:53:47.641 --> 00:53:49.059 But in his close-ups, 347 00:53:49.726 --> 00:53:54.147 he really looked like a man looking at the future. 348 00:53:56.483 --> 00:53:59.152 So we decided, he's the explorer. 349 00:54:00.362 --> 00:54:03.573 Because his motto was, "il faut aller voir." 350 00:54:04.115 --> 00:54:07.619 You know, "We go see it for ourselves." 351 00:54:12.916 --> 00:54:16.336 The New York Times says The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau 352 00:54:16.419 --> 00:54:17.712 has opened the eyes of millions. 353 00:54:17.879 --> 00:54:19.714 ...through his underwater films, 354 00:54:19.881 --> 00:54:21.508 which are shown on 100 other television networks 355 00:54:21.591 --> 00:54:22.509 throughout the world... 356 00:54:22.592 --> 00:54:25.637 ...have not only popularized underwater science and discovery... 357 00:54:25.720 --> 00:54:27.722 Captain Cousteau has been more responsible 358 00:54:27.806 --> 00:54:29.599 for introducing people to the world beneath the sea... 359 00:54:29.724 --> 00:54:31.226 Captain Jacques Cousteau challenges 360 00:54:31.309 --> 00:54:33.395 the most treacherous of undersea worlds. 361 00:54:33.561 --> 00:54:36.064 Tomorrow, Captain Cousteau will set out on what he's called 362 00:54:36.189 --> 00:54:38.149 the greatest and most difficult expedition of his career... 363 00:54:38.233 --> 00:54:39.985 Captain Cousteau perhaps has done more 364 00:54:40.068 --> 00:54:42.529 than any other individual to reveal the mysteries of the oceans... 365 00:54:42.654 --> 00:54:45.073 The average audience is 26 million viewers. 366 00:54:45.156 --> 00:54:47.367 8-time Emmy Award winning... 367 00:54:47.492 --> 00:54:48.493 Jacques Cousteau. 368 00:54:48.576 --> 00:54:51.538 The most popular documentary series in broadcasting history. 369 00:54:53.623 --> 00:54:57.877 "I have produced for television 52 one-hour films. 370 00:54:59.546 --> 00:55:01.756 "The start was curiosity. 371 00:55:02.340 --> 00:55:04.467 "The enthusiasm about beauty. 372 00:55:06.177 --> 00:55:08.096 "Then came the period of alert, 373 00:55:08.972 --> 00:55:12.392 "because we were looking at things that were actually disappearing. 374 00:55:14.978 --> 00:55:19.691 "And so my past life, as just a mere explorer, is over." 375 00:55:55.602 --> 00:55:58.271 Mr. Chairman, I am greatly honored 376 00:55:58.355 --> 00:56:00.482 to have been invited to come here today 377 00:56:01.733 --> 00:56:05.987 to talk about the element to which I have devoted my life. 378 00:56:06.946 --> 00:56:08.365 The sea. 379 00:56:08.448 --> 00:56:11.159 The sea that is today, as everybody knows, in distress. 380 00:56:14.245 --> 00:56:17.248 I spent my life sailing and swimming through the seas. 381 00:56:18.208 --> 00:56:21.961 In 30 years, I have seen coral reefs turn into wastelands, 382 00:56:22.712 --> 00:56:24.589 rich fishing grounds depleted. 383 00:56:26.257 --> 00:56:29.219 And when I was diving recently, in the Gulf of Lyon, 384 00:56:29.844 --> 00:56:33.598 I was disturbed to find that we have practically destroyed 385 00:56:33.681 --> 00:56:36.351 the original fauna of the continental shelf. 386 00:56:41.272 --> 00:56:44.317 What we are facing is the destruction of the ocean 387 00:56:45.443 --> 00:56:47.487 by pollution and by other causes. 388 00:56:54.786 --> 00:56:56.746 For the past two centuries, 389 00:56:57.497 --> 00:57:00.959 people have been totally unaware that there was an ecological problem. 390 00:57:02.919 --> 00:57:06.464 It was understood that the sea was a vast expanse, 391 00:57:07.132 --> 00:57:10.301 a body of water so big that you could throw anything in it 392 00:57:10.385 --> 00:57:11.261 and it would not matter. 393 00:57:12.470 --> 00:57:13.930 So that is what we did. 394 00:57:17.892 --> 00:57:21.563 Last year, in America first, and then in Europe, and Japan, 395 00:57:22.397 --> 00:57:23.982 people began to understand 396 00:57:24.274 --> 00:57:27.735 and there was an environmental protection movement created. 397 00:57:28.153 --> 00:57:31.990 People start pollution, people can stop it. 398 00:57:33.491 --> 00:57:36.578 Along with my son, and with my friends, 399 00:57:36.661 --> 00:57:39.789 we decided to create The Cousteau Society. 400 00:57:41.040 --> 00:57:44.169 Together with thousands of concerned citizens, like you, 401 00:57:44.669 --> 00:57:48.923 we have begun a nonprofit organization to save not only the sea, 402 00:57:49.007 --> 00:57:51.926 but the precious living systems of our water planet. 403 00:57:52.218 --> 00:57:57.140 Join now. Call 1-800-648-5000 or write to this address. 404 00:57:58.683 --> 00:58:01.227 The awareness of the people is growing. 405 00:58:01.811 --> 00:58:04.230 But there is still a lot of work to do. 406 00:58:08.193 --> 00:58:11.196 So I am dedicating all the rest of my film activities 407 00:58:11.279 --> 00:58:13.531 to try to convince people 408 00:58:14.616 --> 00:58:16.743 that they have to do something about this. 409 00:58:17.660 --> 00:58:21.206 So, films that are no more just about beautiful little fish, 410 00:58:22.248 --> 00:58:24.501 but that are dealing with the fate of mankind. 411 00:59:23.351 --> 00:59:26.437 For example, more than 600 drums 412 00:59:26.521 --> 00:59:29.983 containing deadly lead tetraethyl 413 00:59:30.567 --> 00:59:33.403 were onboard a Yugoslav freighter, Cavtat. 414 00:59:33.945 --> 00:59:38.533 And the ship was rammed and sank in the south of Italy, 415 00:59:38.616 --> 00:59:41.869 three miles off shore at a depth of 300 feet. 416 00:59:44.872 --> 00:59:48.626 Some of the drums are already opened up, and they are going to release 417 00:59:48.710 --> 00:59:51.879 this deadly poison into the Mediterranean Sea. 418 00:59:54.090 --> 00:59:56.634 So it's a difficult problem to solve. 419 00:59:56.718 --> 00:59:59.971 And all governments are turning their back to it. 420 01:00:02.098 --> 01:00:06.102 Judge Maritati orders the Saipem Company to begin salvage, 421 01:00:06.185 --> 01:00:09.772 helped by the Calypso divers, Albert Falco and Raymond Coll. 422 01:00:10.398 --> 01:00:13.484 I, of course, was involved at various stages of the operation. 423 01:00:14.110 --> 01:00:17.030 And once the ships were there, the divers began to work. 424 01:00:22.619 --> 01:00:25.538 (MUSIC CONTINUES 425 01:00:29.709 --> 01:00:32.462 Ninety-seven percent of the lead was recovered. 426 01:00:34.714 --> 01:00:37.508 The rest is lost, because some of the drums 427 01:00:37.592 --> 01:00:39.177 had already been damaged. 428 01:00:41.346 --> 01:00:42.764 Captain Cousteau, I know you have thoughts 429 01:00:42.889 --> 01:00:45.975 about the world's resources being used up. 430 01:00:46.059 --> 01:00:48.353 And you've seen it happening year after year. 431 01:00:48.436 --> 01:00:50.897 Apparently a lot of people who should have didn't. 432 01:00:51.689 --> 01:00:53.816 Do you have anything you want to say about that? 433 01:00:53.900 --> 01:00:58.154 Well, uh, I was already involved 434 01:00:58.237 --> 01:01:01.199 in, how to say, scanning, 435 01:01:01.282 --> 01:01:04.994 the possibilities of extracting energy from the sea. 436 01:01:06.454 --> 01:01:09.332 It was a choice that I made many years ago. 437 01:01:11.042 --> 01:01:13.461 But what I was shocked by, 438 01:01:13.544 --> 01:01:16.422 is the speed and the shamelessness, 439 01:01:16.589 --> 01:01:21.135 with which the industrial interests have threw to the waste basket, 440 01:01:21.219 --> 01:01:22.887 all of the environmental measures 441 01:01:23.429 --> 01:01:26.057 that had been very laboriously taken. 442 01:01:29.644 --> 01:01:33.815 I feel responsible, I feel guilty as everybody else, as you should 443 01:01:34.941 --> 01:01:39.278 that we are drawing blank checks 444 01:01:39.821 --> 01:01:41.280 on future generations. 445 01:01:41.364 --> 01:01:43.157 We don't pay. They are going to pay. 446 01:01:48.079 --> 01:01:49.956 One of the jobs of The Cousteau Society 447 01:01:50.039 --> 01:01:52.542 is that we want the truth to come to the people. 448 01:01:53.126 --> 01:01:57.630 And we are amazed to find out that we became the fastest growing 449 01:01:57.714 --> 01:02:00.216 non-profit organization in just two years. 450 01:02:01.050 --> 01:02:03.845 Now you're talking about the Cousteau Society in the United States, 451 01:02:03.928 --> 01:02:07.014 and that is, what's its membership at the moment? 452 01:02:07.098 --> 01:02:08.558 A hundred and sixty thousand. 453 01:02:09.142 --> 01:02:11.936 And it's growing fast, because we are a young society. 454 01:02:12.019 --> 01:02:14.063 What are you aiming for? What sort of membership? 455 01:02:14.147 --> 01:02:15.273 Several million. 456 01:02:15.356 --> 01:02:16.983 - How many? - Several million. 457 01:02:20.486 --> 01:02:24.532 In Houston, USA, 11,000 people flocked to listen to the man 458 01:02:24.615 --> 01:02:27.285 who according to a recent survey is the celebrity 459 01:02:27.368 --> 01:02:30.455 that next to the president, most Americans would like to meet. 460 01:02:30.872 --> 01:02:33.124 Their hero is Captain Jacques-Yves Cousteau. 461 01:02:42.508 --> 01:02:45.178 Involvement Day is to reawaken a sense of hope 462 01:02:45.261 --> 01:02:48.639 that our actions will not further abuse our life systems. 463 01:02:48.723 --> 01:02:52.852 And in the words of Captain Cousteau, it's going to be up to ordinary citizens. 464 01:02:54.562 --> 01:02:55.730 Captain, this is Matt. 465 01:02:56.564 --> 01:02:59.108 Well, I'd like to ask you how you feel about 466 01:02:59.192 --> 01:03:00.818 underwater civilizations in the future? 467 01:03:01.736 --> 01:03:03.571 Ooh. 468 01:03:04.822 --> 01:03:08.826 I must admit that I once proposed this, but I don't think 469 01:03:08.910 --> 01:03:11.996 that we are going to develop an underwater civilization. 470 01:03:12.079 --> 01:03:13.039 I think, uh... 471 01:03:14.290 --> 01:03:17.293 we should first build a good civilization on land. 472 01:04:04.590 --> 01:04:08.135 In 1954, 473 01:04:08.219 --> 01:04:12.014 I shot a feature length film called The Silent World. 474 01:04:12.098 --> 01:04:14.392 Where in which there was a sequence, 475 01:04:14.475 --> 01:04:19.522 where we saw sharks feed dramatically 476 01:04:19.605 --> 01:04:22.149 on a damaged baby whale. 477 01:04:23.025 --> 01:04:28.531 And, uh, our men got so furious, that they brought them on board the ship, 478 01:04:29.156 --> 01:04:32.743 and they began to hit them on the head, and to kill them. 479 01:04:34.996 --> 01:04:37.206 It was a real slaughter of these sharks, 480 01:04:37.290 --> 01:04:39.667 a kind of age-old revenge of seamen, 481 01:04:39.750 --> 01:04:41.919 you know, that hated sharks for generations. 482 01:04:42.795 --> 01:04:46.299 All right. Now, recently, I saw that film again 483 01:04:46.382 --> 01:04:49.552 because I was asked to show it again in Paris. 484 01:04:50.303 --> 01:04:52.847 And you just... I couldn't... I couldn't agree. 485 01:04:52.930 --> 01:04:55.850 I cannot show it anymore because we all have changed. 486 01:04:55.933 --> 01:04:57.435 Mentality has changed 487 01:04:57.518 --> 01:05:00.229 and we couldn't handle the shark in the same way today. 488 01:05:49.695 --> 01:05:51.155 I think that we are lucky. 489 01:05:52.573 --> 01:05:55.493 We travel a lot and we see things that the others don't. 490 01:05:56.118 --> 01:05:59.830 So it is a duty for us to share these things with them. 491 01:05:59.914 --> 01:06:02.750 And to think a lot about our responsibility. 492 01:06:03.417 --> 01:06:06.420 And we often discuss this, Philippe and I, 493 01:06:06.587 --> 01:06:10.508 and Philippe shares my philosophy on this 100 percent. 494 01:06:10.591 --> 01:06:14.720 It's a great satisfaction to find the same understanding 495 01:06:14.804 --> 01:06:17.306 with your main collaborator. You know? 496 01:06:17.390 --> 01:06:19.225 - That's wonderful. - Well, the basic philosophy I think 497 01:06:19.350 --> 01:06:21.936 is that you cannot really enjoy what you're doing if you don't share it. 498 01:06:22.019 --> 01:06:23.062 That's right. 499 01:07:38.763 --> 01:07:39.972 December five. 500 01:07:40.931 --> 01:07:43.559 I commit Calypso to the perilous Drake Passage 501 01:07:43.642 --> 01:07:46.562 that lies between the extreme tip of South America 502 01:07:46.645 --> 01:07:48.105 and the Antarctic Peninsula. 503 01:07:50.649 --> 01:07:54.570 But at the approach of these polar waters, we feel alien. 504 01:08:20.971 --> 01:08:22.723 We dive in fairly muddy water. 505 01:08:24.183 --> 01:08:27.478 The red algae gives us a waving, inviting welcome. 506 01:08:33.984 --> 01:08:36.362 Along the cliff, down to one hundred feet, 507 01:08:36.987 --> 01:08:39.406 we discover an unexpected profusion of life. 508 01:08:51.210 --> 01:08:53.671 I am eager to take down the diving saucer, 509 01:08:54.130 --> 01:08:56.549 to explore the deeper polar waters. 510 01:09:03.973 --> 01:09:06.267 Falco will pilot the saucer while I film. 511 01:09:23.868 --> 01:09:26.453 A little lower, an opening gapes in the wall. 512 01:09:33.252 --> 01:09:35.045 Dull, cracking sounds are warnings 513 01:09:35.129 --> 01:09:37.965 that the iceberg is under immeasurable internal stress. 514 01:09:43.012 --> 01:09:46.223 It is a giant crystal, melting under my eyes. 515 01:09:51.520 --> 01:09:54.064 We are witnesses to the vanishing of an eternity. 516 01:10:24.845 --> 01:10:27.264 You know, I must tell you that I hate danger. 517 01:10:28.390 --> 01:10:32.144 I'm not one of these people who have to have a thrill. 518 01:10:33.687 --> 01:10:36.649 But you too, I think we, we all in the family, 519 01:10:36.982 --> 01:10:38.692 we are not daredevils at all. 520 01:10:38.776 --> 01:10:39.985 - Yeah. - Yeah? 521 01:10:40.319 --> 01:10:42.238 Oh, but you're flying planes. 522 01:10:43.155 --> 01:10:45.115 Mm-hmm. You don't like him... 523 01:10:45.324 --> 01:10:47.117 - I don't know. - You don't like him to fly planes? 524 01:10:47.201 --> 01:10:49.286 - Well, I'm not so sure. Hmm. 525 01:11:07.388 --> 01:11:13.310 Philippe had this idea to make a film in North African countries, 526 01:11:14.019 --> 01:11:15.020 and I approved it. 527 01:11:15.562 --> 01:11:18.399 And he started with his airplane. 528 01:11:19.441 --> 01:11:20.484 And... 529 01:11:22.361 --> 01:11:23.362 that was it. 530 01:11:42.798 --> 01:11:44.258 Why? How? 531 01:11:45.301 --> 01:11:46.885 Philippe was an excellent pilot. 532 01:11:48.595 --> 01:11:51.682 A poorly latched hatch on the nose of the plane 533 01:11:51.765 --> 01:11:56.812 had just annihilated my beloved son and a part of me with him. 534 01:12:21.587 --> 01:12:22.880 Arms, present! 535 01:13:16.892 --> 01:13:19.520 We are here in joy. 536 01:13:21.438 --> 01:13:25.109 And I share that joy with you, with tears in my eyes 537 01:13:27.778 --> 01:13:30.447 because of the great absence tonight -- Philippe. 538 01:13:42.042 --> 01:13:43.335 After Philippe died, 539 01:13:44.294 --> 01:13:47.548 Jacques' entire physical appearance was absolutely different. 540 01:13:48.882 --> 01:13:50.300 He had aged ten years. 541 01:13:51.218 --> 01:13:54.012 He was bent over, his skin was sallow. 542 01:13:58.434 --> 01:14:00.144 And, as time went by, 543 01:14:01.770 --> 01:14:06.442 he became more pessimistic about the environment. 544 01:14:15.617 --> 01:14:20.247 In 1977, Cousteau and the Calypso divers returned to Veyron. 545 01:14:24.543 --> 01:14:27.880 In only three decades, the sea floor has become a desert. 546 01:14:28.422 --> 01:14:30.799 Bleak as the surface of some barren planet. 547 01:14:34.636 --> 01:14:39.057 In this submerged desolation, the water temperature seems to rise, 548 01:14:39.141 --> 01:14:41.560 burning our hands in spite of our gloves. 549 01:14:43.520 --> 01:14:44.938 Our eyes are burning. 550 01:14:45.564 --> 01:14:48.942 Tears pour down our faces, blurring our vision. 551 01:14:49.776 --> 01:14:51.403 The pain is unbearable. 552 01:14:53.071 --> 01:14:55.157 We have penetrated a zone of death, 553 01:14:55.866 --> 01:14:59.369 a region where no living thing can long survive. 554 01:15:07.628 --> 01:15:10.714 ABC dropped him because he was getting too dark. 555 01:15:13.467 --> 01:15:16.887 They didn't want him browbeating the audiences 556 01:15:16.970 --> 01:15:19.223 with these, uh, dismal stories. 557 01:15:22.434 --> 01:15:25.312 He was more strident, trying to convince people 558 01:15:25.395 --> 01:15:27.064 rather than just showing them. 559 01:15:28.398 --> 01:15:32.402 And I think he became somewhat cynical at that point in his life. 560 01:15:36.782 --> 01:15:39.952 Can you tell me what you think are your greatest accomplishments 561 01:15:40.035 --> 01:15:41.245 and your greatest phase? 562 01:15:42.162 --> 01:15:45.207 This is... This is impossible to answer 563 01:15:45.290 --> 01:15:49.294 because I am not interested in analyzing myself. 564 01:15:49.795 --> 01:15:50.879 Why haven't you? 565 01:15:50.963 --> 01:15:53.757 I am not interested in myself once and for all. 566 01:15:53.840 --> 01:15:56.385 I am interested in the world outside me. 567 01:15:56.468 --> 01:15:59.304 My world inside is nothing for me. 568 01:16:15.112 --> 01:16:18.198 I keep thinking of a day that we spent together. 569 01:16:19.074 --> 01:16:22.703 We were working on our book and he had flown to Paris to meet me. 570 01:16:24.121 --> 01:16:27.124 The people on the plane had formed a line in the aisle 571 01:16:27.207 --> 01:16:28.917 while they awaited his autograph. 572 01:16:29.334 --> 01:16:33.338 And he said, "I spend every day, all day long going to meetings, 573 01:16:33.422 --> 01:16:36.800 "doing films, doing research, and the only thing they want 574 01:16:36.883 --> 01:16:39.595 "is a piece of paper with the name Jacques Cousteau. 575 01:16:40.178 --> 01:16:42.180 "And that's what they are going to enshrine." 576 01:16:43.056 --> 01:16:45.642 And he got more and more angry about it. 577 01:17:34.524 --> 01:17:36.985 I think the two of us were needing 578 01:17:37.235 --> 01:17:39.780 to have a new life, when we met. 579 01:17:44.868 --> 01:17:47.496 But in my mind and in his mind... 580 01:17:47.954 --> 01:17:51.458 it was not linked with anything romantic. 581 01:17:53.210 --> 01:17:56.922 I was 31, and I was a diver. 582 01:17:58.548 --> 01:18:02.344 So at that time, it was just about diving. 583 01:18:06.014 --> 01:18:08.642 We had organized, what we called at the time, 584 01:18:08.725 --> 01:18:11.228 Involvement Day in Houston. 585 01:18:11.978 --> 01:18:16.400 And I went diving with a club, and she was there. 586 01:18:16.483 --> 01:18:19.361 And I thought she was an interesting girl. 587 01:18:23.198 --> 01:18:26.368 At that time, she had a brilliant career 588 01:18:26.451 --> 01:18:32.207 at Air France, in charge of diplomatic travels for the French government. 589 01:18:35.502 --> 01:18:38.922 I think what Jacques wanted the most probably at that time 590 01:18:39.005 --> 01:18:41.758 was to have a place with a family. 591 01:18:42.884 --> 01:18:47.264 Not that he didn't have a family before, but because of the kind of life he had, 592 01:18:47.347 --> 01:18:49.391 he was never two minutes in the same place. 593 01:18:52.561 --> 01:18:54.062 His wife was on the boat. 594 01:18:55.105 --> 01:18:57.816 And the kids were in boarding school. 595 01:18:57.899 --> 01:19:02.487 And him, he was traveling everywhere, so there was no family, 596 01:19:02.571 --> 01:19:04.489 what we call "foyer," in French. 597 01:19:04.781 --> 01:19:08.910 It's a place where the family goes together, regularly. 598 01:19:09.619 --> 01:19:10.620 Home. 599 01:19:12.664 --> 01:19:13.915 He needed to have that. 600 01:19:19.337 --> 01:19:23.842 We knew a little bit about his relationship with Francine. 601 01:19:25.010 --> 01:19:30.724 And Cousteau, during that time, he had two children with her. 602 01:19:31.099 --> 01:19:34.394 But we never talked about them. 603 01:19:34.978 --> 01:19:36.938 But everyone knew. 604 01:19:37.230 --> 01:19:39.900 And I think Simone knew too. 605 01:20:02.923 --> 01:20:05.175 "The last time we had dinner together, 606 01:20:06.009 --> 01:20:07.177 "I knew she was not well. 607 01:20:08.261 --> 01:20:10.472 "But I had no idea what was wrong with her. 608 01:20:12.182 --> 01:20:14.601 "She had made the doctor promise not to tell me, 609 01:20:15.519 --> 01:20:17.229 "so as not to disturb my work". 610 01:21:08.405 --> 01:21:10.740 Calypso has given me everything. 611 01:21:11.741 --> 01:21:16.079 No man in the world could ever offer me what this vessel has. 612 01:21:18.498 --> 01:21:20.500 This boat is my paradise. 613 01:21:21.167 --> 01:21:24.671 And it's a wonder to pass my hand over the hull. 614 01:21:25.380 --> 01:21:26.673 To breathe its paint. 615 01:21:27.757 --> 01:21:29.551 To feel its vibrations. 616 01:21:30.886 --> 01:21:34.306 Its soul, the only reason for my being alive. 617 01:22:17.682 --> 01:22:21.102 Jacques never explained to anybody our private life. 618 01:22:22.854 --> 01:22:26.775 But he was getting worried that if anything happened to him, 619 01:22:26.858 --> 01:22:28.360 we would not be protected. 620 01:22:29.069 --> 01:22:31.947 So that was the reason we were married so early 621 01:22:32.030 --> 01:22:34.240 after his first wife died. 622 01:22:43.833 --> 01:22:45.961 When Francine married Jacques, 623 01:22:46.836 --> 01:22:49.923 I don't think that the French were shocked or cared. 624 01:22:52.050 --> 01:22:55.845 What mattered to them was what is Cousteau accomplishing. 625 01:22:57.514 --> 01:23:00.934 Francine started writing the narration for his films. 626 01:23:01.851 --> 01:23:04.896 And helping him to lead The Cousteau Society. 627 01:23:08.358 --> 01:23:11.486 And he said that their kids gave him a new beginning. 628 01:23:32.465 --> 01:23:36.177 And he said that even though he knew he was at the end of his life, 629 01:23:37.095 --> 01:23:38.596 he wasn't finished yet. 630 01:23:43.685 --> 01:23:46.312 Antarctica, it of course is the remote region 631 01:23:46.604 --> 01:23:49.733 at the center of a fierce international debate this morning. 632 01:23:49.816 --> 01:23:52.819 Should the majestic continent forever remain untouched 633 01:23:52.902 --> 01:23:54.070 underneath the ice? 634 01:23:54.362 --> 01:23:55.989 Or in a world of diminishing resources, 635 01:23:56.072 --> 01:23:59.034 should Antarctica be tapped for oil and precious minerals? 636 01:23:59.909 --> 01:24:03.079 You've said the survival of Antarctica, um, 637 01:24:03.621 --> 01:24:05.623 and the survival of the human race are linked. 638 01:24:05.832 --> 01:24:08.168 Is that alarmist, or explain how that would be? 639 01:24:08.877 --> 01:24:12.464 Yes, the science today, 640 01:24:13.381 --> 01:24:15.175 understands much better 641 01:24:15.842 --> 01:24:20.221 the role of the Antarctic system in the making of our own climates 642 01:24:20.305 --> 01:24:21.556 all over the world. 643 01:24:24.559 --> 01:24:28.521 The combination of industrialization and deforestation 644 01:24:29.022 --> 01:24:32.817 have increased the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, 645 01:24:33.651 --> 01:24:37.155 triggering a dangerous warming up of our planet. 646 01:24:39.616 --> 01:24:43.495 The Antarctic, this mass of ice, 90% of the ice of the world, 647 01:24:44.120 --> 01:24:46.331 governs the climate even in the United States 648 01:24:46.414 --> 01:24:47.874 or Europe in the northern hemisphere. 649 01:24:48.625 --> 01:24:52.754 If we touch Antarctica with industry, 650 01:24:52.837 --> 01:24:54.964 with explosions and et cetera, 651 01:24:55.173 --> 01:24:56.883 we don't know what can happen. 652 01:24:57.050 --> 01:25:00.053 And we may bring about famines in Africa, 653 01:25:00.136 --> 01:25:03.181 and even droughts in the United States. 654 01:25:03.681 --> 01:25:06.851 Because we now understand that our globe 655 01:25:06.935 --> 01:25:11.898 is just one single thermodynamic machine, that it works simply 656 01:25:11.981 --> 01:25:15.568 with a heat source from the sun, and a cold source from Antarctica. 657 01:25:15.652 --> 01:25:17.237 And we must not touch it. 658 01:25:34.504 --> 01:25:36.673 I decided to start a petition, 659 01:25:37.298 --> 01:25:40.885 to put pressure on the industry leaders and the politicians. 660 01:25:44.556 --> 01:25:47.433 Because they will not do it by their own incentive. 661 01:25:48.184 --> 01:25:49.853 It has to be under pressure. 662 01:25:53.481 --> 01:25:57.485 Now recently, I even had an opportunity to tell our story 663 01:25:57.569 --> 01:25:59.988 to the President of the United States, 664 01:26:00.071 --> 01:26:02.991 and I think that he was very receptive to what we said. 665 01:26:04.617 --> 01:26:08.163 Jacques Cousteau has forced a change of policy towards Antarctica, 666 01:26:08.246 --> 01:26:11.166 against mining or any exploitation of resources there. 667 01:26:12.333 --> 01:26:15.753 Twenty-six nations agreed to leave Antarctica untouched 668 01:26:15.837 --> 01:26:16.963 for at least 50 years. 669 01:26:40.445 --> 01:26:42.113 Distinguished ladies and gentleman, 670 01:26:42.197 --> 01:26:44.782 it is my privilege to talk to you 671 01:26:45.116 --> 01:26:48.578 in the most important conference 672 01:26:48.661 --> 01:26:51.539 on the environment that has ever been imagined. 673 01:26:52.332 --> 01:26:55.668 The biggest summit meeting ever has finally begun. 674 01:26:56.252 --> 01:26:58.087 The Earth Summit as it's called. 675 01:26:58.546 --> 01:27:03.051 Representatives of 170 nations have a very tall order, 676 01:27:03.218 --> 01:27:06.179 how to prevent making the Earth an unlivable place. 677 01:27:06.888 --> 01:27:09.515 Among the thousands who are taking part in the Earth Summit, 678 01:27:09.807 --> 01:27:12.435 one man can claim to have molded public opinion 679 01:27:12.685 --> 01:27:14.479 even before this conference began. 680 01:27:15.647 --> 01:27:18.149 Jacques Cousteau's enthusiasm, his scholarship, 681 01:27:18.566 --> 01:27:20.193 and his reach toward ordinary people 682 01:27:20.276 --> 01:27:22.904 have motivated pressure groups and governments alike. 683 01:27:23.446 --> 01:27:26.115 At the age of 80, he can take no little credit 684 01:27:26.199 --> 01:27:28.076 for bringing the Earth Summit into being. 685 01:27:34.415 --> 01:27:37.543 He says he's optimistic about the outcome of this conference, 686 01:27:37.669 --> 01:27:40.672 but warned of continuing threats to the world's environment. 687 01:27:41.547 --> 01:27:43.841 Non-renewable resources are depleted. 688 01:27:45.051 --> 01:27:48.096 Biodiversity shrinks to alarming levels. 689 01:27:49.389 --> 01:27:52.725 Energy is in unreasonable demand. 690 01:27:53.851 --> 01:27:57.397 And above all, the melting of glaciers and of ice caps, 691 01:27:57.480 --> 01:27:59.983 and catastrophic rise of the ocean levels, 692 01:28:00.066 --> 01:28:00.942 has already begun. 693 01:28:01.859 --> 01:28:05.113 But listen to this, all the people of the world, 694 01:28:05.822 --> 01:28:07.907 the beginning of everything is in Rio. 695 01:28:08.074 --> 01:28:11.536 For the first time, the immense majority of the leaders, 696 01:28:11.619 --> 01:28:14.497 they have promised beautiful things. All of them. 697 01:28:15.373 --> 01:28:19.460 Now we have to force them to transform these words into acts. 698 01:29:03.546 --> 01:29:06.299 Captain, are you optimistic about the way that nations 699 01:29:06.382 --> 01:29:08.426 are going to handle this resource of ours? 700 01:29:09.427 --> 01:29:13.931 I was asked this question very often and I ask myself this question. 701 01:29:16.225 --> 01:29:19.020 When I reason, I put things together, 702 01:29:19.520 --> 01:29:24.067 I am optimistic because I have a great faith in human beings 703 01:29:25.276 --> 01:29:28.738 and I believe that someday people are going to revolt 704 01:29:29.489 --> 01:29:30.698 and begin to care.