WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:07.000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:06.089 --> 00:00:08.091 [smooth jazz music playing] 3 00:00:08.000 --> 00:00:13.000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 4 00:00:13.555 --> 00:00:16.766 [Ilyasah] No matter which way you turn, there is destiny. 5 00:00:18.101 --> 00:00:22.981 It was destiny that my father and Cassius Clay would meet. 6 00:00:23.940 --> 00:00:29.487 Three short years that they would spend in their lives, 7 00:00:29.571 --> 00:00:31.906 that destiny created for them… 8 00:00:33.408 --> 00:00:36.327 that was their blood brotherhood. 9 00:00:36.828 --> 00:00:39.372 We are no longer slaves. White people no longer own us. 10 00:00:39.456 --> 00:00:41.916 Cassius destroyed that image the other night 11 00:00:42.000 --> 00:00:43.960 when he knocked out Sonny Liston. 12 00:00:44.044 --> 00:00:46.588 [Howard Cosell] The heavyweight champion is Cassius Clay! 13 00:00:46.671 --> 00:00:48.840 [Ilyasah] Malcolm came to this young man 14 00:00:49.382 --> 00:00:53.595 and he gave him the power that he needed 15 00:00:55.096 --> 00:00:55.972 to speak. 16 00:00:57.015 --> 00:01:00.143 [funky music plays] 17 00:01:56.991 --> 00:01:59.577 [inspirational blues music playing] 18 00:02:08.753 --> 00:02:10.255 [Rahman] Malcolm and Muhammad. 19 00:02:10.964 --> 00:02:12.549 They were very close… 20 00:02:14.926 --> 00:02:16.553 …literally as brothers. 21 00:02:19.305 --> 00:02:21.182 And I was there to witness it. 22 00:02:25.145 --> 00:02:27.147 [documentary interviewer] Did your brother like being around Malcolm? 23 00:02:27.230 --> 00:02:30.483 Loved, loved, loved being around him. I did too. 24 00:02:31.151 --> 00:02:32.902 He had that air about him. 25 00:02:33.653 --> 00:02:34.821 It was divine. 26 00:02:36.906 --> 00:02:40.160 The electricity that came from his body was sacred. 27 00:02:41.870 --> 00:02:44.205 Only a few people like that in the world. 28 00:02:46.374 --> 00:02:49.210 [documentary interviewer] Why do you think they stopped being friends? 29 00:02:50.128 --> 00:02:51.004 [Rahman] Well… 30 00:02:53.089 --> 00:02:58.678 "Destiny can take your best friend as an instrument to cause you harm 31 00:02:58.761 --> 00:03:01.264 and your worst enemy to do you good." 32 00:03:02.432 --> 00:03:03.391 Right? 33 00:03:03.474 --> 00:03:05.643 Judas betrayed Jesus. 34 00:03:06.227 --> 00:03:08.688 Malcolm X betrayed Elijah Muhammad. 35 00:03:09.731 --> 00:03:14.444 "Destiny can take your best friend as an instrument to do you harm 36 00:03:14.944 --> 00:03:17.697 and your worst enemy to do you good." 37 00:03:26.623 --> 00:03:29.709 [Malcolm] It is time for you and me to stand up for ourselves. 38 00:03:31.044 --> 00:03:33.963 It is time for you and me to see for ourselves. 39 00:03:34.631 --> 00:03:37.926 And it is time for you and me to fight for ourselves. 40 00:03:42.555 --> 00:03:43.973 [Dr. West] You unloved. 41 00:03:46.517 --> 00:03:49.187 That's what it is to be Black in a white-supremacist world. 42 00:03:52.649 --> 00:03:56.152 You are unloved, uncared for, untended to, 43 00:03:56.236 --> 00:03:59.739 and viewed less beautiful, less moral, less intelligent, 44 00:03:59.822 --> 00:04:03.368 and you are told to always be scared. 45 00:04:04.661 --> 00:04:07.080 Malcolm X, Muhammad Ali… 46 00:04:08.206 --> 00:04:09.082 no way. 47 00:04:12.126 --> 00:04:14.963 Malcolm X and Muhammad Ali 48 00:04:15.964 --> 00:04:21.010 were the two most freest of Black men in the 20th century. 49 00:04:22.011 --> 00:04:24.555 On the other hand, you know, there's a-- 50 00:04:25.056 --> 00:04:26.474 There's a cross to bear. 51 00:04:28.059 --> 00:04:31.104 There's a tremendous cost to being a free and loving person. 52 00:04:37.777 --> 00:04:40.405 [Muhammad] …twenty-two years old. I must be the greatest! 53 00:04:40.488 --> 00:04:42.407 -I am the king of the world! -[reporter] Hold it. 54 00:04:42.490 --> 00:04:44.158 -I'm pretty! -[reporter] Not that pretty. 55 00:04:44.242 --> 00:04:45.493 [Muhammad] I'm a bad man! 56 00:04:45.576 --> 00:04:47.704 -[reporter] Wait-- -[Muhammad] I shook up the world! 57 00:04:47.787 --> 00:04:49.330 I shook up the world! 58 00:04:53.376 --> 00:04:56.504 It was unusual for a Black person 59 00:04:56.587 --> 00:04:59.674 to think of themself as quote, "pretty." 60 00:05:00.258 --> 00:05:02.343 [Muhammad] Champ of the world should be pretty like me. 61 00:05:02.427 --> 00:05:03.845 I'm the king of the ring! 62 00:05:04.512 --> 00:05:07.015 [Dr. Boyd] Athletes were expected to be humble. 63 00:05:07.807 --> 00:05:10.268 And then you had the Louisville Lip. 64 00:05:10.768 --> 00:05:13.021 Tenacity and dignity and, like, pride, 65 00:05:13.104 --> 00:05:15.315 and, "So what you don't like me? So what?" 66 00:05:15.398 --> 00:05:16.733 What do I act like I am to you? 67 00:05:16.816 --> 00:05:18.401 -A bad fella? -[interviewer] I don't know. 68 00:05:18.484 --> 00:05:20.320 You're just-- Like you say, you're the greatest. 69 00:05:20.403 --> 00:05:23.197 And a lot of people, even a lot of Black people, 70 00:05:23.281 --> 00:05:25.533 weren't comfortable with this. They called him a loudmouth. 71 00:05:25.616 --> 00:05:28.202 I don't have to be what you want me to be. 72 00:05:28.286 --> 00:05:29.829 It was a moment of transition, 73 00:05:29.912 --> 00:05:34.083 and Ali really is at the forefront of this transition, as is Malcolm. 74 00:05:34.584 --> 00:05:37.295 I'm free to be what I wanna be and think what I wanna think. 75 00:05:37.378 --> 00:05:38.463 [interviewer] That's right. 76 00:05:39.756 --> 00:05:44.594 [Dr. Boyd] They're changing the way the world saw… the Black man. 77 00:05:48.139 --> 00:05:51.851 How could so few white people 78 00:05:53.061 --> 00:05:55.396 rule so many Black people? 79 00:05:55.480 --> 00:05:56.314 [crowd cheering] 80 00:05:57.190 --> 00:06:01.152 Martin Luther King, whose school of thought I come out of, 81 00:06:01.235 --> 00:06:03.738 spoke to who we must become. 82 00:06:03.821 --> 00:06:06.074 Malcolm spoke to who we were 83 00:06:06.574 --> 00:06:07.742 and who put us there. 84 00:06:09.994 --> 00:06:13.498 These homegrown Negro American Muslims 85 00:06:13.581 --> 00:06:16.042 are the most powerful of the Black-supremacist groups. 86 00:06:16.125 --> 00:06:19.712 Mike Wallace had, of course, done this television program about the Nation 87 00:06:19.796 --> 00:06:22.298 called The Hate That Hate Produced. 88 00:06:22.382 --> 00:06:24.592 Four or five times a year, the Muslims assemble 89 00:06:24.675 --> 00:06:26.302 in one of America's major cities 90 00:06:26.386 --> 00:06:28.137 to hear their leader Elijah Muhammad, 91 00:06:28.721 --> 00:06:31.224 founder and spiritual leader of the group. 92 00:06:32.016 --> 00:06:35.061 The Christian religion has failed you. 93 00:06:35.144 --> 00:06:37.647 [crowd clamoring and applauding] 94 00:06:42.068 --> 00:06:44.612 But of even more interest to New Yorkers is Malcolm X, 95 00:06:44.695 --> 00:06:46.531 the Muslims' New York minister. 96 00:06:46.614 --> 00:06:50.785 The Black man by nature is divine. 97 00:06:51.285 --> 00:06:54.914 [interviewer] Now, does this mean that the white man by nature is evil? 98 00:06:54.997 --> 00:06:57.792 By nature, he is other than divine. 99 00:06:58.793 --> 00:07:01.712 This critique of whiteness was very powerful, 100 00:07:01.796 --> 00:07:03.506 because prior to this time, 101 00:07:04.006 --> 00:07:06.300 you had to say something like that in private. 102 00:07:06.384 --> 00:07:09.095 You certainly couldn't call white people devils. 103 00:07:09.178 --> 00:07:10.304 Not out loud. 104 00:07:11.222 --> 00:07:12.849 By nature, he is evil. 105 00:07:14.684 --> 00:07:17.770 [Mike Wallace] He's a remarkable man, a man who, by his own admission, 106 00:07:17.854 --> 00:07:20.606 was once a procurer and dope peddler. 107 00:07:20.690 --> 00:07:23.526 But now he's a changed man. He will not smoke or drink. 108 00:07:24.527 --> 00:07:26.863 His life changed for him when the Muslim faith 109 00:07:26.946 --> 00:07:29.949 taught him no longer to be ashamed of being a Black man. 110 00:07:30.658 --> 00:07:33.911 [Herb] You know, you have what you call a reference point. 111 00:07:34.579 --> 00:07:38.374 Malcolm's father was a solid reference. Of course his mother too. 112 00:07:39.417 --> 00:07:41.919 Earl, his father, and Louise, his mother, 113 00:07:42.420 --> 00:07:45.506 were followers of the Marcus Garvey movement. 114 00:07:48.676 --> 00:07:51.596 [Dr. Garvey] My father's organization sought 115 00:07:51.679 --> 00:07:53.389 to link Africans, 116 00:07:53.473 --> 00:07:56.767 in Africa, in the Caribbean, in the United States. 117 00:07:58.144 --> 00:08:02.857 My father felt that instead of Africans being servile, 118 00:08:02.940 --> 00:08:05.568 they must become self-reliant. 119 00:08:07.403 --> 00:08:10.364 [Dr. West] There is no Malcolm X without Garvey. 120 00:08:11.199 --> 00:08:12.658 Garvey used to say, 121 00:08:13.409 --> 00:08:17.079 "The Negro… is not afraid." 122 00:08:20.041 --> 00:08:24.420 [Herb] There's no more significant influence you could have 123 00:08:24.504 --> 00:08:25.963 for a young Black boy, 124 00:08:26.047 --> 00:08:30.593 is to be in the company of a father who is so well-versed 125 00:08:30.676 --> 00:08:33.971 and had the-- An audience in his hand, 126 00:08:34.055 --> 00:08:36.766 you know, as both a minister, a preacher, 127 00:08:36.849 --> 00:08:39.435 and a representative of the whole Garvey movement. 128 00:08:39.936 --> 00:08:42.146 [man] Malcolm's father was Malcolm's hero. 129 00:08:43.147 --> 00:08:46.776 But the problem was there were white supremacists 130 00:08:46.859 --> 00:08:48.486 who wanted to silence Earl Little. 131 00:08:49.779 --> 00:08:51.906 [Dr. Smith] Malcolm's just six years of age 132 00:08:51.989 --> 00:08:56.077 when his father is killed in 1931. 133 00:08:57.662 --> 00:09:00.039 [Ilyasah] It was horrific, what they did to him. 134 00:09:00.706 --> 00:09:02.416 He was knocked over the head, 135 00:09:02.500 --> 00:09:06.879 dragged to the trolley track 136 00:09:07.922 --> 00:09:13.094 so that the oncoming train would roll over him. 137 00:09:16.722 --> 00:09:19.392 [Herb] For the first five or six years of his life, 138 00:09:19.475 --> 00:09:22.979 he had a kind of a first-hand opportunity 139 00:09:23.062 --> 00:09:26.399 to capture the majesty of his father's voice. 140 00:09:27.275 --> 00:09:30.903 Over the years, he would certainly return to those moments 141 00:09:31.696 --> 00:09:33.281 of the whole Garvey movement. 142 00:09:35.324 --> 00:09:38.869 Out of the organization came people like Elijah Muhammad, 143 00:09:38.953 --> 00:09:41.664 who went on to form the Nation of Islam. 144 00:09:43.124 --> 00:09:45.835 Elijah Muhammad took what he had learned: 145 00:09:45.918 --> 00:09:48.713 the concept of having an economic base, 146 00:09:48.796 --> 00:09:52.633 the discipline, and the militaristic attire, 147 00:09:52.717 --> 00:09:57.096 and put it in the religious setting of the Black Muslims. 148 00:09:57.179 --> 00:09:59.181 [cool jazz music playing] 149 00:10:01.517 --> 00:10:03.394 [reporter] Long before the age of 21, 150 00:10:03.477 --> 00:10:06.355 Malcolm X ran away from school and went to Harlem. 151 00:10:09.025 --> 00:10:11.944 And there, he ran numbers, sold bootleg whiskey, 152 00:10:12.028 --> 00:10:15.740 procured business for prostitutes, used and pushed dope. 153 00:10:17.908 --> 00:10:21.245 In the late '40s, Malcolm X pulled a robbery in Boston, 154 00:10:21.329 --> 00:10:23.164 was caught, and sent to prison. 155 00:10:23.664 --> 00:10:25.916 [Mike Wallace] He served time for robbery 156 00:10:26.000 --> 00:10:28.961 in the Michigan and Massachusetts state penitentiary. 157 00:10:33.299 --> 00:10:38.012 [Dr. West] Early on, he had a kind of inquisitiveness. 158 00:10:38.846 --> 00:10:41.223 You know, like most restless folk, 159 00:10:41.307 --> 00:10:45.144 you can end up expressing it in a gangster-like way. 160 00:10:45.227 --> 00:10:48.648 You're trying to conquer, be in control. 161 00:10:49.857 --> 00:10:54.153 [Herb] Inside the prison walls, he's like a caged tiger, 162 00:10:54.236 --> 00:10:55.655 absorbing information, 163 00:10:55.738 --> 00:10:59.283 cultivating his intelligence, reading. 164 00:10:59.367 --> 00:11:02.578 That's his indoctrination. That's the beginning. 165 00:11:03.579 --> 00:11:07.208 So once he's out in 1952, 166 00:11:07.291 --> 00:11:09.460 he goes back to Michigan, 167 00:11:09.543 --> 00:11:13.214 and he really involves himself in the Nation. 168 00:11:13.297 --> 00:11:16.801 I'm real happy and thankful to Allah 169 00:11:16.884 --> 00:11:19.428 for the energy and for the spirit 170 00:11:20.221 --> 00:11:24.684 that he has put in Minister Malcolm. 171 00:11:24.767 --> 00:11:27.603 [crowd cheering] 172 00:11:28.729 --> 00:11:31.982 [Herb] And so much so, by 1954… 173 00:11:33.943 --> 00:11:36.028 he's the national spokesperson. 174 00:11:45.162 --> 00:11:47.289 My name is Rahman Ali. 175 00:11:48.916 --> 00:11:53.045 I'm proud and happy to say I'm the only brother of Muhammad Ali. 176 00:11:55.131 --> 00:11:59.677 He's gone to paradise. The next time I see my brother will be in heaven, 177 00:11:59.760 --> 00:12:01.220 and we'll be in heaven together. 178 00:12:02.430 --> 00:12:05.558 As small children growing up, he always told me, 179 00:12:05.641 --> 00:12:08.352 "I'm gonna be the most famous man in the whole world." 180 00:12:08.936 --> 00:12:12.523 As a small child, 10, 11, 12, 13… 181 00:12:13.023 --> 00:12:15.151 He did exactly what he said he would do. 182 00:12:15.234 --> 00:12:16.986 [cool jazz music playing] 183 00:12:22.324 --> 00:12:24.827 [Bob] The pink house right there is Muhammad Ali. 184 00:12:24.910 --> 00:12:27.037 Cassius Clay, but we called him GG. 185 00:12:28.372 --> 00:12:29.999 We all went to the same elementary school, 186 00:12:30.082 --> 00:12:32.168 junior high school, and senior high school. 187 00:12:33.294 --> 00:12:34.962 Central High School's the only Black school 188 00:12:35.045 --> 00:12:36.046 in the city of Louisville. 189 00:12:36.130 --> 00:12:39.633 We didn't have none of the major amenities the white schools had. 190 00:12:39.717 --> 00:12:42.636 They didn't put a track and football field at Central High School 191 00:12:42.720 --> 00:12:44.221 until they integrated the school. 192 00:12:45.139 --> 00:12:48.100 [Gene] Cassius Clay Sr. was Southern Baptist, 193 00:12:48.184 --> 00:12:51.645 Cassius Clay Jr. was Southern Baptist, and they went to the church. 194 00:12:51.729 --> 00:12:54.106 He told me one time he went down to Louisville, 195 00:12:54.190 --> 00:12:55.775 he went outside a little church. 196 00:12:56.525 --> 00:12:59.904 They were singing the same hymns that they were singing in his church. 197 00:12:59.987 --> 00:13:02.114 "What a Friend We Have in Jesus." 198 00:13:02.198 --> 00:13:04.283 [choir singing] ♪ Jesus knows our every weakness… ♪ 199 00:13:04.366 --> 00:13:08.120 And out comes the minister, said, "Hey, boy, get out of here." 200 00:13:08.996 --> 00:13:10.456 He said, "Something's wrong." 201 00:13:12.875 --> 00:13:15.127 "They're singing the same hymns we are." 202 00:13:15.211 --> 00:13:17.963 "Now, why do I have to leave 'cause I'm Black?" 203 00:13:18.047 --> 00:13:20.090 [trumpet jazz music playing] 204 00:13:21.467 --> 00:13:23.344 [Bob] Segregation was outrageous. 205 00:13:23.427 --> 00:13:25.805 You went to the bus station, it said "Colored section." 206 00:13:26.347 --> 00:13:29.308 You knew at the department stores you couldn't try on clothes. 207 00:13:29.391 --> 00:13:30.518 They'll take your money, 208 00:13:30.601 --> 00:13:32.728 but you gotta buy that suit and hope it fits. 209 00:13:32.812 --> 00:13:34.063 You ain't gonna put it on. 210 00:13:38.859 --> 00:13:41.695 Cassius Clay was born in 1942. 211 00:13:41.779 --> 00:13:43.489 [introspective piano music playing] 212 00:13:43.572 --> 00:13:47.034 [Randy] Emmett Till was born in 1941. 213 00:13:48.619 --> 00:13:49.870 [reporter] Money, Mississippi, 214 00:13:49.954 --> 00:13:53.082 a story that shocked the entire United States. 215 00:13:54.917 --> 00:13:57.253 [Randy] The Emmett Till story 216 00:13:58.128 --> 00:14:01.590 was a searing event 217 00:14:02.174 --> 00:14:04.552 to the man who's going to become Muhammad Ali. 218 00:14:05.511 --> 00:14:08.264 [reporter 2] Emmett Till, 14, was kidnapped and killed 219 00:14:08.347 --> 00:14:12.852 allegedly for wolf whistling at the wife of accused, Roy Bryant. 220 00:14:12.935 --> 00:14:16.897 Bryant and his half-brother J.W. Milam, were acquitted by this jury. 221 00:14:23.070 --> 00:14:25.531 [Dr. Smith] He looked at Emmett Till's mutilated face 222 00:14:25.614 --> 00:14:27.491 in the pages of Jet magazine. 223 00:14:28.075 --> 00:14:31.245 He's heard the horrific stories from his father about the lynchings 224 00:14:31.328 --> 00:14:32.955 that continue to happen. 225 00:14:34.456 --> 00:14:37.668 My father was always very sensitive to oppression. 226 00:14:38.586 --> 00:14:42.548 And his father taught him, like any other Black man would do today, 227 00:14:42.631 --> 00:14:43.716 how to survive. 228 00:14:44.884 --> 00:14:46.594 And my grandmother would say, 229 00:14:46.677 --> 00:14:48.846 "This really bothered your father." 230 00:14:48.929 --> 00:14:51.056 He wanted to be great, 231 00:14:51.849 --> 00:14:53.934 but this is a darkness for a child. 232 00:14:56.979 --> 00:14:58.981 [blues music playing] 233 00:15:11.702 --> 00:15:15.205 [Shabazz-Allah] I met Malcolm in Temple No. 7 Restaurant. 234 00:15:15.873 --> 00:15:18.125 When Malcolm came in, boy, he-- A giant. 235 00:15:18.667 --> 00:15:20.419 Malcolm, a giant. 236 00:15:21.045 --> 00:15:22.129 I shook his hand. 237 00:15:23.172 --> 00:15:26.425 The power of his hand, it felt like God. 238 00:15:27.509 --> 00:15:29.720 [Herb] I first met Malcolm in person 239 00:15:30.220 --> 00:15:32.932 in about 1959, 1960. 240 00:15:33.015 --> 00:15:36.435 He walked down the hallway and shake everybody's hand. 241 00:15:36.518 --> 00:15:39.063 My cousin would say, "Go ahead and ask him a question." 242 00:15:39.146 --> 00:15:42.775 I'd say, "No, no, no." I was so terrified. [chuckles] 243 00:15:44.151 --> 00:15:47.112 [Shabazz-Allah] On Sunday, at Temple No. 7, 244 00:15:47.196 --> 00:15:48.447 Malcolm taught 245 00:15:49.698 --> 00:15:54.411 two, three, four, sometimes five hours nonstop. 246 00:15:54.912 --> 00:15:56.914 The man that kidnapped us and brought us here. 247 00:15:56.997 --> 00:15:58.165 [crowd] Yeah. 248 00:15:58.248 --> 00:16:00.626 -Who made a slave out of us. -[crowd] Yeah. 249 00:16:00.709 --> 00:16:03.003 -Who hung us on trees. -[crowd] Right on. 250 00:16:03.087 --> 00:16:06.215 -I don't have to tell you which man. -[crowd] That's right. 251 00:16:06.715 --> 00:16:10.386 [A. Peter] I had never heard anyone talk about attacks on the mind 252 00:16:10.469 --> 00:16:12.596 with the clarity that he did. 253 00:16:13.472 --> 00:16:16.684 Movies and school textbooks, 254 00:16:17.643 --> 00:16:20.062 the television programs, 255 00:16:20.145 --> 00:16:25.275 all of this was constant psychological attacks. 256 00:16:25.776 --> 00:16:27.236 Even calls us "boy." 257 00:16:27.319 --> 00:16:29.613 Don't care how big you get, he calls you "boy." 258 00:16:29.697 --> 00:16:32.908 Malcolm made you believe you couldn't die. 259 00:16:32.992 --> 00:16:36.954 And when you're a young man and you get a teaching like that, 260 00:16:37.538 --> 00:16:38.664 that's what you need. 261 00:16:41.792 --> 00:16:45.587 [reporter] Rome welcomes the Summer Games of the XVII Olympiad. 262 00:16:49.008 --> 00:16:53.345 [Randy] In 1960, Cassius Clay is 18 years old. 263 00:16:53.429 --> 00:16:55.639 He's young, he's wide-eyed, 264 00:16:55.723 --> 00:16:57.683 goes to the Rome Olympics. 265 00:16:57.766 --> 00:17:00.227 [reporter] Cassius Clay the winner for the USA. 266 00:17:00.853 --> 00:17:05.232 And even then, he had that jaw-dropping charisma. 267 00:17:06.275 --> 00:17:09.820 He becomes virtually the mayor of the Olympic Village. 268 00:17:09.903 --> 00:17:12.114 [jazz music plays] 269 00:17:12.197 --> 00:17:14.116 First time I really saw him up close, 270 00:17:14.199 --> 00:17:16.827 he's sitting on the steps in the Olympic Village… 271 00:17:18.412 --> 00:17:20.372 and he's raving. He's got the medal, 272 00:17:20.456 --> 00:17:23.125 and he's holding it up. "Look at me. Look who I am, how pretty I--" 273 00:17:23.208 --> 00:17:25.210 "I'm gonna be the heavyweight champion of the world." 274 00:17:25.294 --> 00:17:27.463 They don't understand a freaking word he's saying. 275 00:17:27.546 --> 00:17:29.173 But I noticed something. 276 00:17:29.840 --> 00:17:32.176 Every time the athlete was a woman, 277 00:17:32.676 --> 00:17:35.012 they stopped and turned and looked back at him. 278 00:17:35.679 --> 00:17:37.890 I said, "This is a guy that's gonna have something." 279 00:17:37.973 --> 00:17:40.392 "I don't know what, but it's gonna be something." 280 00:17:40.476 --> 00:17:42.770 Tell me how you came to get such a Roman name as that. 281 00:17:42.853 --> 00:17:45.939 Well, as I understand, I'm Cassius Marcellus Clay VI, 282 00:17:46.023 --> 00:17:49.026 and my great-great-grandfather was a Kentucky slave, 283 00:17:49.109 --> 00:17:51.153 and he was named after some great Kentuckian. 284 00:17:51.737 --> 00:17:53.197 Where he was from, 285 00:17:53.280 --> 00:17:55.616 or where it was all originated, I couldn't tell you, 286 00:17:55.699 --> 00:17:58.035 but since I've reached a little fame in boxing, 287 00:17:58.118 --> 00:18:00.162 most people want to know where am I from 288 00:18:00.245 --> 00:18:03.499 and where did I get that name, but I haven't really checked on it. 289 00:18:04.083 --> 00:18:06.460 [percussion music playing] 290 00:18:09.379 --> 00:18:12.841 He could not be more proud to represent America. 291 00:18:12.925 --> 00:18:14.301 This was his greatest honor. 292 00:18:17.096 --> 00:18:19.431 And one of the things that he recognizes there, 293 00:18:20.766 --> 00:18:22.768 is that there's no Jim Crow signs. 294 00:18:26.897 --> 00:18:31.068 He enjoys a freedom of movement he's never experienced before. 295 00:18:32.820 --> 00:18:34.655 This is not like Louisville, Kentucky. 296 00:18:39.201 --> 00:18:41.286 [Elijah] I represent to you, 297 00:18:42.412 --> 00:18:43.831 not a puppet. 298 00:18:44.373 --> 00:18:45.374 [man in crowd] Yes, sir. 299 00:18:45.457 --> 00:18:48.877 But I represent to you God in person. 300 00:18:48.961 --> 00:18:50.087 -In person. -[crowd] Yes, sir! 301 00:18:50.170 --> 00:18:51.797 [crowd cheering] That's right! 302 00:18:57.094 --> 00:19:00.097 [Shabazz-Allah] In the most holy name of Almighty God, Allah… 303 00:19:01.682 --> 00:19:03.976 the true and living God, the only God… 304 00:19:05.811 --> 00:19:08.480 we forever thank him for his divine Messenger, 305 00:19:08.564 --> 00:19:12.442 and only Messenger, the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad. 306 00:19:13.026 --> 00:19:15.487 Why do you have any faith in white people? 307 00:19:15.571 --> 00:19:17.698 -[crowd] That's right. -Tell me that. 308 00:19:19.116 --> 00:19:22.744 The Messenger's program is a discipline 309 00:19:22.828 --> 00:19:25.581 that we all need and never had. 310 00:19:26.999 --> 00:19:28.041 No alcohol, 311 00:19:28.125 --> 00:19:30.878 no drugs, no tobacco, 312 00:19:31.879 --> 00:19:33.213 no pork. 313 00:19:35.048 --> 00:19:37.885 Neat, clean, organized. 314 00:19:39.136 --> 00:19:42.097 I'm Melchisedek Supreme Shabazz-Allah, 315 00:19:42.181 --> 00:19:45.893 known as the universal high priest of the Nation of Islam 316 00:19:45.976 --> 00:19:48.228 on Earth and in the universe. 317 00:19:49.062 --> 00:19:51.023 I'm 84 years old. 318 00:19:51.106 --> 00:19:53.400 Very peaceful man. You understand what I'm trying to say? 319 00:19:53.483 --> 00:19:55.319 But it's nothing for me to take your lights out. 320 00:19:57.321 --> 00:19:58.906 'Cause you're trained that way. 321 00:20:00.032 --> 00:20:03.368 Very peaceful, very respectful, never the aggressor, 322 00:20:03.994 --> 00:20:04.953 but deadly. 323 00:20:06.705 --> 00:20:10.626 The brother who you think is humble, meek and ins-- And insecure, 324 00:20:11.210 --> 00:20:14.213 that brother is cold as ice 325 00:20:14.296 --> 00:20:16.215 when it comes to the teachings. 326 00:20:18.759 --> 00:20:20.636 You say we hate white people. 327 00:20:20.719 --> 00:20:22.054 We don't hate anybody. 328 00:20:22.596 --> 00:20:24.431 We love our own people so much, 329 00:20:24.514 --> 00:20:28.977 they think we hate the ones who are inflicting injustice against them. 330 00:20:29.061 --> 00:20:29.937 [crowd applauds] 331 00:20:35.859 --> 00:20:38.779 [radio host] This is WHAS in Louisville, Kentucky, 332 00:20:38.862 --> 00:20:41.198 and our guest tonight, Louisville's Cassius Clay, 333 00:20:41.281 --> 00:20:43.617 the fourth-ranked world heavyweight. Hello. 334 00:20:43.700 --> 00:20:48.413 [radio caller] Do you think that you are as good a boxer as Joe Louis was? 335 00:20:48.497 --> 00:20:50.916 [Muhammad, on radio] I'm not as good, but better. 336 00:20:50.999 --> 00:20:53.543 I'm more classier, I'm faster, 337 00:20:53.627 --> 00:20:55.254 and I talk more. 338 00:20:56.463 --> 00:20:59.132 [Randy] Who wins the gold medal at the Rome Olympics. 339 00:20:59.925 --> 00:21:01.009 He's a hero. 340 00:21:02.970 --> 00:21:06.098 But when he gets back to Louisville, he finds Louisville's the same. 341 00:21:07.975 --> 00:21:11.103 I just got in from Rome, and I wanna turn professional. 342 00:21:11.186 --> 00:21:12.896 [Dr. Smith] The standard understanding 343 00:21:12.980 --> 00:21:15.941 is that Black athletes will be deferential on civil rights. 344 00:21:16.024 --> 00:21:17.818 They will be seen and not heard. 345 00:21:17.901 --> 00:21:21.488 ["We People Who Are Darker Than Blue" by Curtis Mayfield plays] 346 00:21:23.573 --> 00:21:24.741 ♪ We people ♪ 347 00:21:25.617 --> 00:21:27.744 ♪ Who are darker than blue ♪ 348 00:21:29.788 --> 00:21:33.041 ♪ Are we gonna stand around this town ♪ 349 00:21:33.917 --> 00:21:36.545 ♪ And let what others say come true?… ♪ 350 00:21:37.337 --> 00:21:39.923 [Bob] He wins the Olympics, and he's also overseas 351 00:21:40.007 --> 00:21:41.425 where things aren't segregated. 352 00:21:41.508 --> 00:21:43.427 He comes back home thinking being the champion 353 00:21:43.510 --> 00:21:45.137 would change things, but it didn't. 354 00:21:45.721 --> 00:21:48.432 ♪ This ain't to time for segregatin'… ♪ 355 00:21:48.515 --> 00:21:50.851 [Dr. Smith] Cassius Clay goes into a diner. 356 00:21:52.602 --> 00:21:56.398 A white man at the counter says, "We don't serve your kind, boy." 357 00:21:57.024 --> 00:22:00.360 And there he is with his Olympic jacket and his gold medal. 358 00:22:00.444 --> 00:22:01.486 He's humiliated. 359 00:22:02.821 --> 00:22:05.073 In that moment, he rejects America. 360 00:22:06.074 --> 00:22:07.743 He rips the medal off, 361 00:22:07.826 --> 00:22:09.619 tosses it into the river. 362 00:22:10.579 --> 00:22:12.039 ♪ We people ♪ 363 00:22:12.956 --> 00:22:15.083 ♪ Who are darker than blue… ♪ 364 00:22:17.377 --> 00:22:20.047 That disappointment, thinking, "Okay, I've done this for America, 365 00:22:20.130 --> 00:22:23.008 I'm the champ, I'm everything, but I'm still in a segregated world," 366 00:22:24.885 --> 00:22:26.178 I think it got him. 367 00:22:26.261 --> 00:22:28.388 That woke us all up, to tell the truth. 368 00:22:29.639 --> 00:22:30.557 [music ends] 369 00:22:31.183 --> 00:22:34.186 I'm Gordon B. Davidson, attorney for the Louisville Sponsoring Group, 370 00:22:34.269 --> 00:22:35.479 owner of Cassius Clay, 371 00:22:35.562 --> 00:22:38.482 and the hired hand to keep the group and Cassius Clay together. 372 00:22:39.316 --> 00:22:45.280 [Randy] He's now of interest to certain white residents of Louisville, 373 00:22:45.364 --> 00:22:47.699 who view him as a commodity. 374 00:22:47.783 --> 00:22:50.077 Okay? Something that can be marketed. 375 00:22:50.160 --> 00:22:52.329 I'm W.L. Lyons Brown, 376 00:22:52.412 --> 00:22:55.415 chairman of the board of Brown-Forman Distillers Corporation. 377 00:22:56.333 --> 00:22:59.461 [Randy] A group of very wealthy businessmen 378 00:23:00.212 --> 00:23:02.255 formed the Louisville Sponsoring Group 379 00:23:02.339 --> 00:23:05.258 to manage his boxing career. 380 00:23:05.342 --> 00:23:07.344 J.D. Stetson Coleman. 381 00:23:07.427 --> 00:23:09.304 I'm Worth Bingham, assistant publisher… 382 00:23:09.388 --> 00:23:11.723 [Robert] And he's controlled 383 00:23:11.807 --> 00:23:16.520 by these 11 rich Louisville guys. 384 00:23:16.603 --> 00:23:18.939 I'm one of the founders of the group of Cassius Clay. 385 00:23:19.564 --> 00:23:23.235 [Robert] And talking to them, you would kind of have a sense 386 00:23:23.318 --> 00:23:26.655 that they were talking about one of their racehorses. 387 00:23:26.738 --> 00:23:29.074 "He was a really good boy." 388 00:23:37.541 --> 00:23:39.626 [Randy] Cassius goes to Miami 389 00:23:40.544 --> 00:23:42.504 to train under Angelo Dundee, 390 00:23:43.088 --> 00:23:45.674 one of the best trainers in the business. 391 00:23:50.303 --> 00:23:53.765 And then he met a man by the name of Abdul Rahman, 392 00:23:54.349 --> 00:23:55.475 "Captain Sam." 393 00:23:57.269 --> 00:23:59.813 [Wali] My father was the captain of the Miami mosque. 394 00:24:00.313 --> 00:24:04.067 This was the area of the mosque at that particular time. 395 00:24:04.151 --> 00:24:07.696 He's out pushing the Muhammad Speaks newspaper. 396 00:24:07.779 --> 00:24:11.158 He hears a guy from across the street yell out, 397 00:24:11.950 --> 00:24:13.994 "Why are we called Negroes?" 398 00:24:14.911 --> 00:24:17.497 "Why are we deaf, dumb and blind?" 399 00:24:18.331 --> 00:24:22.043 "Why is everybody making progress, and we're so far behind?" 400 00:24:22.586 --> 00:24:25.797 My dad said, "Hey, man, I see you hip to the teachings." 401 00:24:26.631 --> 00:24:28.800 "Yeah, man. I'm Cassius Clay." 402 00:24:28.884 --> 00:24:31.636 Right away, they had an automatic chemistry. 403 00:24:32.971 --> 00:24:34.890 [Randy] There's no sense 404 00:24:34.973 --> 00:24:36.933 for most of America 405 00:24:37.017 --> 00:24:39.019 that Cassius Clay has a secret. 406 00:24:39.853 --> 00:24:42.147 That he's leading a double life. 407 00:24:48.528 --> 00:24:49.613 [Dr. Smith] In 1959, 408 00:24:49.696 --> 00:24:53.742 Cassius Clay is in Chicago for an amateur boxing exhibition. 409 00:24:54.326 --> 00:24:55.911 He had free time, he's out on the street, 410 00:24:55.994 --> 00:24:57.996 and he sees members of the Nation of Islam. 411 00:25:01.500 --> 00:25:03.710 And one of them hands him a record. 412 00:25:04.419 --> 00:25:05.712 "A White Man's Heaven…" 413 00:25:05.795 --> 00:25:07.631 [Dr. Boyd] "…Is a Black Man's Hell" 414 00:25:07.714 --> 00:25:11.009 by Louis X, eventually known as Louis Farrakhan, 415 00:25:11.092 --> 00:25:13.762 at one time known as Calypso Gene the Charmer. 416 00:25:13.845 --> 00:25:17.349 [Louis Farrakhan singing] ♪ Before we came to America ♪ 417 00:25:17.432 --> 00:25:19.434 ♪ We were living in the East ♪ 418 00:25:19.976 --> 00:25:23.021 ♪ By the Nile River We were living… ♪ 419 00:25:23.104 --> 00:25:25.398 [Dr. Smith] So Cassius takes this record back to Louisville, 420 00:25:25.482 --> 00:25:28.193 and he plays it over and over and over again. 421 00:25:28.276 --> 00:25:31.863 ♪ So, my friend, it's easy to tell ♪ 422 00:25:31.947 --> 00:25:35.992 ♪ White man heaven is Black man hell ♪ 423 00:25:40.497 --> 00:25:42.499 [cool jazz music playing] 424 00:25:45.293 --> 00:25:48.129 [Jerry] When he was training at the 5th St. Gym in Miami, 425 00:25:48.672 --> 00:25:51.800 I saw some changing faces in the camp. 426 00:25:52.801 --> 00:25:57.222 Sam Saxon, Captain Sam, is with him. 427 00:25:57.305 --> 00:25:59.975 And as far as Angelo Dundee knows, 428 00:26:00.058 --> 00:26:02.811 he's a boyhood pal who he lets hang around the gym. 429 00:26:02.894 --> 00:26:05.522 I just got through with the Henry Cooper fight. 430 00:26:05.605 --> 00:26:07.524 [Wali] Every day, they would get together. 431 00:26:08.024 --> 00:26:13.655 He would teach Cassius Clay about Islam, and, you know, bring the teachings to him. 432 00:26:16.533 --> 00:26:21.329 [Zaheer] The Nation of Islam began to provide Clay 433 00:26:21.997 --> 00:26:25.834 a whole language of Black excellence 434 00:26:25.917 --> 00:26:28.587 and Black supreme achievement. 435 00:26:30.422 --> 00:26:33.925 [Randy] Captain Sam starts to mentor Cassius Clay… 436 00:26:34.718 --> 00:26:36.428 That is what I'm teaching. 437 00:26:36.511 --> 00:26:39.848 [Randy] …in the career of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad… 438 00:26:40.599 --> 00:26:42.434 And these Negro leaders… 439 00:26:42.517 --> 00:26:46.271 [Randy] …in the emerging supernova of Malcolm X. 440 00:26:46.771 --> 00:26:50.275 Cassius becomes closer to the Nation of Islam. 441 00:26:51.318 --> 00:26:53.153 He doesn't join the Nation, 442 00:26:53.778 --> 00:26:55.280 but he's interested. 443 00:26:58.450 --> 00:27:01.119 [documentary interviewer] You think your brother could've become the greatest 444 00:27:01.202 --> 00:27:02.412 without his faith? 445 00:27:03.204 --> 00:27:04.080 No, sir. 446 00:27:04.164 --> 00:27:07.334 The faith of Islam gave-- Gave-- Gave-- Gave us confidence. 447 00:27:07.959 --> 00:27:09.919 G-- God-- Oh, my God is decent, 448 00:27:10.003 --> 00:27:12.839 God is powerful, God is ri-- Righteous. 449 00:27:12.922 --> 00:27:16.092 Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X gave us confidence to be great. 450 00:27:20.055 --> 00:27:25.477 [Randy] In June, Cassius and his brother, they were in their home in Louisville, 451 00:27:26.394 --> 00:27:28.355 and they got a call from Captain Sam. 452 00:27:29.397 --> 00:27:33.193 The Nation of Islam was holding a big rally in Detroit. 453 00:27:33.693 --> 00:27:36.363 Cassius and Rudy could not be more excited. 454 00:27:36.446 --> 00:27:38.698 They've never seen the Messenger in person. 455 00:27:38.782 --> 00:27:41.493 Captain Sam drives from Miami to Louisville, 456 00:27:41.576 --> 00:27:44.287 picks up the Clay brothers, and they go to Detroit. 457 00:27:45.163 --> 00:27:49.459 But before they go into Olympia Stadium, Sam takes them into a diner, 458 00:27:50.001 --> 00:27:54.214 and in that diner is Malcolm X. 459 00:27:57.175 --> 00:28:00.970 [Randy] There's Malcolm X, sitting at a table 460 00:28:01.054 --> 00:28:04.265 like he would always sit at a table, facing the door. 461 00:28:04.349 --> 00:28:07.644 You know, almost like kind of an Old West cowboy movie. 462 00:28:09.688 --> 00:28:12.065 Around Malcolm's table are guards. 463 00:28:13.066 --> 00:28:14.567 Cassius is starstruck. 464 00:28:18.446 --> 00:28:20.490 Rarely is Cassius starstruck. 465 00:28:21.199 --> 00:28:24.369 [Ilyasah] "He acted as if I was supposed to know who he was." 466 00:28:25.245 --> 00:28:26.955 "I had never even heard of him." 467 00:28:27.539 --> 00:28:30.291 "Ours were two entirely different worlds." 468 00:28:31.042 --> 00:28:35.088 "In fact, Elijah Muhammad instructed us Muslims 469 00:28:35.171 --> 00:28:37.716 against all forms of sports." 470 00:28:39.008 --> 00:28:42.137 That's funny. My father didn't know who he was, 471 00:28:42.220 --> 00:28:47.434 but he just went along with, you know, that sense of importance. 472 00:28:48.059 --> 00:28:50.770 "If this man thinks he is famous, 473 00:28:51.354 --> 00:28:52.814 then I'm gonna go along with him." 474 00:28:52.897 --> 00:28:55.734 "Of course I know you, you're great." [laughs] 475 00:28:58.611 --> 00:29:00.238 [Rahman] Malcolm X was a genius. 476 00:29:01.740 --> 00:29:05.160 He spoke the truth about how Black folks were mistreated in America. 477 00:29:06.161 --> 00:29:07.746 It wasn't hate, it was truth. 478 00:29:07.829 --> 00:29:09.748 [people clamoring] 479 00:29:09.831 --> 00:29:12.959 [Dr. Smith] Rudy and Cassius, they go into Olympia Stadium. 480 00:29:13.710 --> 00:29:15.044 And what do they see? 481 00:29:17.255 --> 00:29:19.883 They see an army of Black men. 482 00:29:19.966 --> 00:29:21.301 Proud Black men, 483 00:29:21.384 --> 00:29:24.137 dressed in black suits, bow ties, 484 00:29:24.220 --> 00:29:27.056 and there's a sense of order, there's a sense of discipline. 485 00:29:27.140 --> 00:29:30.977 [Elijah] Before the white man, we had great civilizations 486 00:29:31.060 --> 00:29:35.398 just as powerful than what the white man has put on the Earth. 487 00:29:35.982 --> 00:29:40.320 And the message that Cassius hears that day is separation or death. 488 00:29:41.237 --> 00:29:44.491 -[Elijah] Separation or death. -[crowd applauds, cheers] 489 00:29:44.574 --> 00:29:48.369 [Elijah] We don't want no integration. We want separation. 490 00:29:48.453 --> 00:29:50.163 [crowd cheers] 491 00:29:50.246 --> 00:29:54.209 [Elijah] We don't nothing but the freedom 492 00:29:55.001 --> 00:29:58.254 to own some of this Earth that we can call our own. 493 00:29:58.338 --> 00:30:01.132 [audience cheers and applauds] 494 00:30:01.216 --> 00:30:04.344 This analysis of the white man being the devil 495 00:30:04.427 --> 00:30:07.597 was really attractive to people 496 00:30:07.680 --> 00:30:11.309 who had experienced hell at the hands of white people. 497 00:30:11.392 --> 00:30:15.688 And what good is Christianity to you and I 498 00:30:16.481 --> 00:30:23.321 if the religion will not defend us against lynchers? 499 00:30:23.404 --> 00:30:24.239 [crowd] Right. 500 00:30:25.907 --> 00:30:28.368 They say they are followers of Jesus. 501 00:30:28.952 --> 00:30:30.703 They're followers of the devil. 502 00:30:30.787 --> 00:30:34.916 [crowd cheers and applauds] 503 00:30:39.629 --> 00:30:42.382 [Ilyasah] "Now and then, I heard how Cassius 504 00:30:42.465 --> 00:30:46.928 showed up in Muslim mosques and restaurants in various cities." 505 00:30:48.179 --> 00:30:52.392 "And if I happened to be speaking anywhere within reasonable distance 506 00:30:52.475 --> 00:30:56.145 of wherever Cassius was, he would be present." 507 00:30:59.440 --> 00:31:01.442 [car motor revving] 508 00:31:09.659 --> 00:31:11.995 [Dr. Smith] In March of 1963, 509 00:31:13.413 --> 00:31:17.125 Cassius is in New York for the fight against Doug Jones. 510 00:31:17.208 --> 00:31:18.877 [upbeat blues music playing] 511 00:31:19.460 --> 00:31:20.587 [Dr. Smith] Who's there? 512 00:31:22.005 --> 00:31:24.674 Malcolm has taken a special interest 513 00:31:24.757 --> 00:31:26.718 in this young heavyweight. 514 00:31:26.801 --> 00:31:30.388 [boxing commentator] Clay, winner by unanimous decision. 515 00:31:31.556 --> 00:31:35.852 [Dr. Smith] The next day, Cassius Clay is seen out in public 516 00:31:35.935 --> 00:31:39.522 wearing the dark suit, the white shirt, the black bow tie. 517 00:31:40.523 --> 00:31:43.109 Then he gives an interview to the New York Post. 518 00:31:43.985 --> 00:31:47.780 He was asked about why he didn't join civil rights marches. 519 00:31:49.282 --> 00:31:51.868 He says that, "I don't believe in non-violence." 520 00:31:52.535 --> 00:31:55.705 And that, "I believe in an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth." 521 00:31:56.581 --> 00:31:58.166 It's very clear what happened. 522 00:31:58.750 --> 00:31:59.959 He's in Harlem. 523 00:32:00.543 --> 00:32:02.253 He was spending time with Malcolm. 524 00:32:03.212 --> 00:32:07.675 Malcolm brought Muhammad Ali to the temple and introduced Muhammad Ali to us. 525 00:32:07.759 --> 00:32:12.513 They had this kind of student-teacher relationship. 526 00:32:14.390 --> 00:32:15.975 [Herb] Their age difference… 527 00:32:16.059 --> 00:32:19.145 22-year-old Adonis, 528 00:32:19.228 --> 00:32:21.648 and here's-- Here's Malcolm coming in, 529 00:32:21.731 --> 00:32:23.650 a little bit older. 530 00:32:23.733 --> 00:32:25.610 An understanding of the world 531 00:32:25.693 --> 00:32:28.613 that's gonna be important to-- To Muhammad Ali. 532 00:32:28.696 --> 00:32:31.115 You can't be around Malcolm and not learn. 533 00:32:31.699 --> 00:32:33.368 Malcolm shared the wisdom. 534 00:32:33.451 --> 00:32:35.912 -[protesters shouting] -[policeman shouting] 535 00:32:35.995 --> 00:32:37.622 -[women screaming] -[dog barking] 536 00:32:38.456 --> 00:32:41.334 [Malcolm] If the government can't defend us, what should we do? 537 00:32:41.834 --> 00:32:43.544 Go find out who bombed the church 538 00:32:43.628 --> 00:32:45.630 in Birmingham, Alabama. 539 00:32:47.757 --> 00:32:51.427 If they can't find out, then let us go find out. 540 00:32:51.511 --> 00:32:52.428 And when we find-- 541 00:32:52.512 --> 00:32:54.806 -[crowd applauds] -I don't wanna hear that. 542 00:32:54.889 --> 00:32:57.350 And when we find out who it was 543 00:32:57.433 --> 00:33:00.603 who murdered our little female babies, 544 00:33:00.687 --> 00:33:02.271 then the law of justice 545 00:33:02.355 --> 00:33:05.191 is that a murderer should be murdered. 546 00:33:05.274 --> 00:33:07.276 When Cassius Clay meets Malcolm X, 547 00:33:08.111 --> 00:33:12.156 he has no idea Malcolm is moving in a new political direction. 548 00:33:12.824 --> 00:33:15.952 Malcolm believes the Nation of Islam has the potential 549 00:33:16.035 --> 00:33:19.580 to make a much bigger difference if it joins the front lines. 550 00:33:19.664 --> 00:33:22.375 Don't you be fooled by these Uncle Tom Negro preachers. 551 00:33:22.458 --> 00:33:25.420 When a dog attacks you, you get that dog, 552 00:33:25.503 --> 00:33:27.672 two-legged dog or four-legged dog. 553 00:33:28.172 --> 00:33:30.299 He did not advocate violence, 554 00:33:30.383 --> 00:33:32.427 he advocated self-defense. 555 00:33:34.178 --> 00:33:36.639 [Dr. Boyd] We're not trying to start anything. Don't start no shit, 556 00:33:36.723 --> 00:33:38.141 won't be none started. 557 00:33:38.808 --> 00:33:42.270 But if you come for us, be prepared to fight, 558 00:33:42.353 --> 00:33:46.482 because we're not embracing this Martin Luther King philosophy. 559 00:33:48.234 --> 00:33:50.778 [Dr. Smith] But Elijah has told him to stand down. 560 00:33:53.281 --> 00:33:56.617 In a number of Elijah's letters to Malcolm, he reminds him, 561 00:33:57.535 --> 00:34:01.080 "Do not say anything that you have not heard me say." 562 00:34:02.915 --> 00:34:04.751 Elijah said, 563 00:34:04.834 --> 00:34:08.504 "The judgment of white America will come at the hands of God." 564 00:34:09.797 --> 00:34:13.676 For Malcolm, this did not align 565 00:34:13.760 --> 00:34:17.388 with his desire to see justice more immediately. 566 00:34:17.472 --> 00:34:21.100 [Malcolm] As long as this so-called civil rights struggle is led-- 567 00:34:21.184 --> 00:34:23.519 And when I say "led," I use "led" in quotes. 568 00:34:23.603 --> 00:34:27.607 Actually contained by Uncle Tom Negro leaders, 569 00:34:27.690 --> 00:34:29.776 then the white power structure isn't worried at all. 570 00:34:29.859 --> 00:34:32.236 They only worry when they know that the masses of Black people 571 00:34:32.320 --> 00:34:33.488 are ready to explode. 572 00:34:33.571 --> 00:34:34.489 And in exploding, 573 00:34:34.572 --> 00:34:37.075 it will destroy some of the furniture in their house. 574 00:34:37.658 --> 00:34:39.786 [Maryum] My father loved his fearlessness. 575 00:34:40.369 --> 00:34:43.623 And he did pattern a lot of his presentation 576 00:34:43.706 --> 00:34:45.666 based on how Malcolm presented himself. 577 00:34:48.086 --> 00:34:54.717 You start to see some of the early developing tension 578 00:34:55.843 --> 00:34:58.888 between the Honorable Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X. 579 00:34:59.388 --> 00:35:02.892 Elijah Muhammad was not charismatic 580 00:35:02.975 --> 00:35:05.103 in the way that Malcolm was charismatic. 581 00:35:05.186 --> 00:35:06.479 Because you don't like the idea 582 00:35:06.562 --> 00:35:08.940 of white people shooting Black people down, do you? 583 00:35:09.023 --> 00:35:09.857 [crowd cheers] No! 584 00:35:09.941 --> 00:35:12.068 And you're ready to do something about it, aren't you? 585 00:35:12.151 --> 00:35:13.820 -[crowd cheers] -We know you are. 586 00:35:13.903 --> 00:35:17.573 [Zaheer] The rank and file of the Nation of Islam loved Malcolm. 587 00:35:17.657 --> 00:35:19.325 For many people, 588 00:35:19.408 --> 00:35:23.913 he was their most direct experience and encounter 589 00:35:23.996 --> 00:35:25.832 with the teachings of Elijah Muhammad. 590 00:35:26.958 --> 00:35:30.795 [Dr. Boyd] Once Malcolm began to pursue things like an intellectual, 591 00:35:31.546 --> 00:35:33.756 I think he reached a point where his interest 592 00:35:33.840 --> 00:35:36.926 and the interest of the Nation diverged. 593 00:35:38.719 --> 00:35:42.098 And, of course, this leads to more tension, more conflict. 594 00:35:45.852 --> 00:35:47.061 [Ilyasah] "I liked him." 595 00:35:47.562 --> 00:35:50.439 "Some contagious quality about him 596 00:35:50.523 --> 00:35:54.318 made him one of the very few people I ever invited to my home." 597 00:35:57.572 --> 00:35:58.781 [Randy] They would talk. 598 00:35:58.865 --> 00:36:00.867 They probably talked on the phone, 599 00:36:00.950 --> 00:36:02.952 but it's all secretive. 600 00:36:03.452 --> 00:36:05.705 But the Louisville Sponsoring Group 601 00:36:05.788 --> 00:36:07.915 were starting to pick up what was going on. 602 00:36:07.999 --> 00:36:10.501 They began to realize 603 00:36:10.585 --> 00:36:14.088 that Cassius was affiliated with the Muslims. 604 00:36:14.172 --> 00:36:16.549 They began to step back. 605 00:36:17.842 --> 00:36:20.178 And suddenly, in Cassius Clay's rhetoric, 606 00:36:20.261 --> 00:36:24.015 we start to hear the echo of Malcolm X. 607 00:36:24.098 --> 00:36:26.100 [jazz music playing] 608 00:36:27.476 --> 00:36:30.646 [Dr. Smith] July, 1963, Chicago. 609 00:36:31.230 --> 00:36:34.025 Bruce Hills, a reporter for the Chicago Sun-Times, 610 00:36:34.108 --> 00:36:36.694 is camped outside of the University of Islam, 611 00:36:36.777 --> 00:36:38.905 which is the Nation of Islam's school. 612 00:36:39.822 --> 00:36:43.618 Somehow, he learns that there's a tomato-red Cadillac 613 00:36:43.701 --> 00:36:45.953 parked behind the University of Islam. 614 00:36:47.038 --> 00:36:50.541 Cassius and Rudy and a few others come out. 615 00:36:51.292 --> 00:36:54.420 [Dr. Smith] Bruce Hills gets excited. His eyes light up, 616 00:36:55.213 --> 00:36:57.465 and he starts following Cassius' car. 617 00:36:58.758 --> 00:37:01.302 Bruce gets Cassius to roll down the window. 618 00:37:02.720 --> 00:37:06.307 [Randy] And he sees Cassius has a star and crescent pin on. 619 00:37:06.390 --> 00:37:08.809 "What's going on? Are you a member of the Nation of Islam?" 620 00:37:09.644 --> 00:37:11.562 [Dr. Smith] And at first, Cassius Clay says, "No." 621 00:37:11.646 --> 00:37:14.232 -And then he says… -[Randy] "Well, so what if I am?" 622 00:37:15.441 --> 00:37:17.109 "It's a great organization." 623 00:37:17.985 --> 00:37:23.324 And it continues until Rudy turns onto the freeway out of Chicago. 624 00:37:26.410 --> 00:37:28.996 [Dr. Smith] Now, the story published by Bruce Hills, 625 00:37:29.080 --> 00:37:32.708 it doesn't quite gain momentum yet in the press. 626 00:37:34.001 --> 00:37:38.673 But it's obvious that he has a relationship with the Nation of Islam. 627 00:37:39.757 --> 00:37:45.554 The fact that Cassius Clay was somehow connected to this group 628 00:37:45.638 --> 00:37:47.390 made a lot of white people nervous. 629 00:37:48.182 --> 00:37:51.519 [reporter] And the FBI says the movement is a potential threat 630 00:37:51.602 --> 00:37:54.438 to the internal security of the United States. 631 00:37:57.024 --> 00:37:59.902 [Dr. Smith] J. Edgar Hoover was the director of the FBI, 632 00:37:59.986 --> 00:38:02.530 working for the Kennedy administration. 633 00:38:04.240 --> 00:38:09.161 Hoover and the FBI carried out a counterintelligence program 634 00:38:09.245 --> 00:38:12.957 designed to cut the legs out from Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X. 635 00:38:15.751 --> 00:38:17.878 [Zaheer] Not just passive surveillance, 636 00:38:17.962 --> 00:38:20.423 but active infiltration 637 00:38:20.923 --> 00:38:24.093 designed to undermine the impact 638 00:38:24.176 --> 00:38:26.053 that the Nation of Islam was having, 639 00:38:26.137 --> 00:38:28.973 to neutralize the impact that Malcolm was having. 640 00:38:29.849 --> 00:38:32.226 [Elijah] Every day now, they are planning 641 00:38:32.310 --> 00:38:34.937 how to stop Elijah and his followers. 642 00:38:35.021 --> 00:38:37.815 -[crowd exclaims] -But I say, I think you a little late. 643 00:38:37.898 --> 00:38:39.900 [crowd cheers and applauds] 644 00:38:42.987 --> 00:38:45.531 [President Kennedy] We are confronted primarily with a moral issue. 645 00:38:46.324 --> 00:38:48.242 It is as old as the Scriptures 646 00:38:48.326 --> 00:38:51.162 and is as clear as the American Constitution. 647 00:38:51.871 --> 00:38:53.539 The heart of the question is, 648 00:38:54.040 --> 00:38:57.168 whether all Americans are to be afforded equal rights 649 00:38:57.668 --> 00:38:59.086 and equal opportunities. 650 00:39:00.046 --> 00:39:02.548 Whether we are going to treat our fellow Americans 651 00:39:02.631 --> 00:39:03.883 as we want to be treated. 652 00:39:04.842 --> 00:39:06.844 [somber music playing] 653 00:39:09.680 --> 00:39:13.100 [reporter 1] From Dallas, Texas, the flash, apparently official, 654 00:39:13.184 --> 00:39:18.564 President Kennedy died at 1 p.m. Central Standard Time. 655 00:39:28.324 --> 00:39:31.702 [reporter 2] Down this avenue of sadness, they bring President John F. Kennedy, 656 00:39:31.786 --> 00:39:32.912 martyred hero, 657 00:39:32.995 --> 00:39:35.748 to lie in state under the great dome of the Capitol. 658 00:39:36.916 --> 00:39:39.085 [John] When Kennedy died, 659 00:39:39.168 --> 00:39:43.964 Elijah Muhammad instructed all the temples 660 00:39:45.424 --> 00:39:50.888 to leave it to him to express the feelings of the Nation 661 00:39:50.971 --> 00:39:52.681 about the death of the president. 662 00:39:53.265 --> 00:39:55.393 [reporter 3] Elijah Muhammad, from his home in Phoenix, 663 00:39:55.476 --> 00:39:56.560 telephoned the newspaper 664 00:39:56.644 --> 00:39:59.355 ordering that a statement be placed on page one. 665 00:39:59.438 --> 00:40:00.731 The statement reads, 666 00:40:00.815 --> 00:40:05.694 "We with the world are very shocked at the assassination of our President." 667 00:40:07.029 --> 00:40:09.365 [Shabazz-Allah] I have to respect what the Messenger said. 668 00:40:09.448 --> 00:40:10.866 No statement should be made. 669 00:40:12.118 --> 00:40:13.369 I-- I got that. 670 00:40:14.078 --> 00:40:16.914 For me, if you teaching the white man is the devil… 671 00:40:16.997 --> 00:40:17.873 [chuckles] 672 00:40:17.957 --> 00:40:19.291 …who the hell is Kennedy? 673 00:40:19.875 --> 00:40:22.253 Far as I'm concerned, he didn't do a damn thing for me. 674 00:40:22.336 --> 00:40:25.005 [chuckling] I mean, I still got-- 675 00:40:25.089 --> 00:40:27.967 I still got to provide for myself. He ain't put no money in my pocket. 676 00:40:28.551 --> 00:40:31.387 But I have to go with my father, the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad. 677 00:40:31.470 --> 00:40:33.931 He did make it plain, don't make no statements. 678 00:40:35.599 --> 00:40:40.187 [John] In spite of the Messenger's instructions, 679 00:40:40.896 --> 00:40:42.231 Malcolm spoke. 680 00:40:44.525 --> 00:40:47.236 Malcolm X, second in command of the Black Muslim movement, 681 00:40:47.319 --> 00:40:50.030 expressed joy at the assassination of President Kennedy 682 00:40:50.114 --> 00:40:51.949 at a Manhattan rally last Sunday. 683 00:40:52.032 --> 00:40:53.826 Malcolm said that the killing of the President 684 00:40:53.909 --> 00:40:56.620 was an instance of "the chickens coming home to roost." 685 00:40:56.704 --> 00:40:58.080 He added, and we quote, 686 00:40:58.164 --> 00:41:00.082 "Being an old farm boy myself, 687 00:41:00.166 --> 00:41:02.710 chickens coming home to roost never make me sad, 688 00:41:02.793 --> 00:41:04.670 they always make me glad." 689 00:41:04.753 --> 00:41:06.464 In Chicago today, Elijah Muhammad, 690 00:41:06.547 --> 00:41:08.549 the leader of the anti-white Muslim movement, 691 00:41:08.632 --> 00:41:12.011 suspended Malcolm X and disavowed his statement. 692 00:41:12.511 --> 00:41:16.765 It gave Elijah Muhammad a socially acceptable excuse 693 00:41:17.475 --> 00:41:19.852 for silencing Malcolm. 694 00:41:23.063 --> 00:41:24.773 [Dr. Smith] He's not allowed to preach, 695 00:41:24.857 --> 00:41:28.027 he's not allowed to appear at his mosque in Harlem. 696 00:41:28.110 --> 00:41:30.488 And in fact, the members of that mosque 697 00:41:30.571 --> 00:41:32.364 are not allowed to be associated with Malcolm. 698 00:41:36.327 --> 00:41:38.746 [Peter] This was a big breach in his life. 699 00:41:40.581 --> 00:41:45.211 He regarded Elijah Muhammad as his personal savior. 700 00:41:45.794 --> 00:41:47.755 The Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad. 701 00:41:48.297 --> 00:41:49.757 [crowd cheering] 702 00:41:49.840 --> 00:41:55.179 [Peter] His feelings were unquestionably deep, devout. 703 00:41:55.262 --> 00:41:59.016 [Malcolm] I want to apologize to you for having let you down, 704 00:41:59.600 --> 00:42:02.811 for the mistakes that I've made, especially during the past year. 705 00:42:04.772 --> 00:42:07.024 And above all else, I am praying to Allah 706 00:42:07.107 --> 00:42:09.735 for mercy and forgiveness in your heart. 707 00:42:11.612 --> 00:42:17.159 He is torn here between this idea that Elijah Muhammad is like his father, 708 00:42:17.243 --> 00:42:21.413 and the fact that his father has got his hand around Malcolm's throat. 709 00:42:24.208 --> 00:42:27.878 This growing rift was going to be a big problem 710 00:42:27.962 --> 00:42:30.256 for, among other people, Muhammad Ali. 711 00:42:33.634 --> 00:42:35.553 [Muhammad] If Sonny Liston whups me, 712 00:42:36.470 --> 00:42:38.889 I'll kiss his feet in the rain, 713 00:42:39.890 --> 00:42:43.686 tell him he's the greatest, and catch the next jet out of the country! 714 00:42:43.769 --> 00:42:46.021 That's what I think about Sonny Liston! 715 00:42:46.105 --> 00:42:51.068 [Dr. Boyd] You have, in Liston and Ali, a thug on one side 716 00:42:51.569 --> 00:42:53.112 and a loudmouth on the other side. 717 00:42:53.195 --> 00:42:55.364 You can look at me, I'm loaded with confidence! 718 00:42:55.447 --> 00:42:56.448 I can't be beat! 719 00:42:56.532 --> 00:42:59.201 I had 180 amateur fights, 22 professional fights, 720 00:42:59.285 --> 00:43:00.578 and I'm pretty as a girl! 721 00:43:00.661 --> 00:43:01.912 [crowd laughs] 722 00:43:03.247 --> 00:43:05.291 People were scared to death of Liston. 723 00:43:07.293 --> 00:43:11.255 Sonny Liston was a boxer who came out of the penitentiary, 724 00:43:12.631 --> 00:43:16.802 who worked for organized crime as a leg-breaker. 725 00:43:17.970 --> 00:43:21.140 You owed some money, you'd get a visit from Sonny. 726 00:43:21.890 --> 00:43:23.892 He'll fall in eight to prove that I'm great. 727 00:43:23.976 --> 00:43:26.854 And if he keeps talking jive, I'm gonna cut it to five. 728 00:43:28.314 --> 00:43:31.150 [Zaheer] Cassius, because of what he was focused on, 729 00:43:31.233 --> 00:43:33.277 training for that major fight, 730 00:43:33.360 --> 00:43:37.364 I don't think he was attuned to all of the internal dynamics 731 00:43:37.448 --> 00:43:38.741 in the Nation of Islam. 732 00:43:41.577 --> 00:43:45.706 [Dr. Smith] On January 15th, 1964, Malcolm, he's gonna head south. 733 00:43:45.789 --> 00:43:49.418 He's going to Miami with his family to visit Cassius Clay. 734 00:43:50.628 --> 00:43:52.838 So, in advance of the trip, he calls Cassius, 735 00:43:52.921 --> 00:43:54.131 and Cassius responds, "Great." 736 00:43:54.214 --> 00:43:56.508 He's enthusiastic, he's excited to see him. 737 00:43:56.592 --> 00:43:59.428 We know this call took place between Malcolm and Cassius, 738 00:43:59.511 --> 00:44:01.263 because a New York FBI agent 739 00:44:01.347 --> 00:44:04.516 immediately called the field office in Miami 740 00:44:04.600 --> 00:44:06.310 and provided a directive. 741 00:44:06.393 --> 00:44:09.104 "Malcolm is arriving on this specific flight." 742 00:44:09.688 --> 00:44:12.024 "Cassius Clay is going to be there." 743 00:44:12.107 --> 00:44:14.652 "Make sure you tail their car." 744 00:44:18.530 --> 00:44:20.824 [Ilyasah] Miami was the only place 745 00:44:20.908 --> 00:44:24.244 where we had gone as a family together on vacation 746 00:44:24.912 --> 00:44:27.581 and to be in someone else's home. 747 00:44:31.210 --> 00:44:33.712 That family photo of my mother 748 00:44:33.796 --> 00:44:37.383 and my two elder sisters, Attallah and Qubilah, 749 00:44:37.966 --> 00:44:39.968 and I'm sitting on Muhammad Ali's lap. 750 00:44:42.304 --> 00:44:46.433 For my father to take his wife and his babies 751 00:44:47.184 --> 00:44:48.352 and go to his home, 752 00:44:49.436 --> 00:44:52.815 it meant that my father trusted him 100%. 753 00:44:54.358 --> 00:44:57.820 My dad considered him to be a friend. He considered him to be family, really. 754 00:44:57.903 --> 00:45:02.449 And Malcolm was one of those few people that he met that he could trust. 755 00:45:05.911 --> 00:45:08.414 [Zaheer] Malcolm was in need of allies. 756 00:45:08.497 --> 00:45:11.291 He'd become isolated in the movement. 757 00:45:12.334 --> 00:45:14.628 Cassius could be the big fish. 758 00:45:14.712 --> 00:45:18.507 I think that is very possibly part of Malcolm's calculation. 759 00:45:19.633 --> 00:45:23.512 [Herb] You can't dismiss the possibility that he had those particular motives, 760 00:45:23.595 --> 00:45:25.639 that it could be self-serving. 761 00:45:25.723 --> 00:45:28.642 Somebody can-- You know, I can use and utilize, 762 00:45:28.726 --> 00:45:31.353 because of his growing influentiality, 763 00:45:31.437 --> 00:45:32.938 that he could help me too. 764 00:45:36.024 --> 00:45:40.070 [Dr. Smith] Malcolm sends these pictures to two Black newspapers. 765 00:45:41.572 --> 00:45:44.199 Malcolm wants to remind Elijah Muhammad 766 00:45:44.700 --> 00:45:46.577 that Cassius Clay has the ability 767 00:45:46.660 --> 00:45:50.205 to bring more members into the movement, and they're as close as brothers. 768 00:45:52.249 --> 00:45:55.377 [Randy] Malcolm says to Elijah Muhammad, "What would it be like 769 00:45:55.461 --> 00:45:57.546 if for Savior's Day celebration…" 770 00:45:57.629 --> 00:46:01.717 which was the day after the fight, "…if I show up with Cassius Clay?" 771 00:46:03.886 --> 00:46:06.513 [Maryum] "I wanna come back, Honorable Messenger, 772 00:46:07.014 --> 00:46:10.851 and I have someone who can help our cause." 773 00:46:15.689 --> 00:46:18.025 [Jerry] About a week before the fight, 774 00:46:18.108 --> 00:46:20.611 Malcolm X shows up. 775 00:46:21.612 --> 00:46:24.448 Malcolm goes to a couple of workouts in the camp. 776 00:46:25.115 --> 00:46:28.786 He had been asked to leave 777 00:46:29.870 --> 00:46:31.747 and go home. 778 00:46:31.830 --> 00:46:34.500 That he could come back for the fight. 779 00:46:35.209 --> 00:46:38.337 The real emphasis at that point 780 00:46:38.420 --> 00:46:42.132 was whether or not Cassius Clay 781 00:46:42.216 --> 00:46:46.094 was a member of the Nation of Islam. 782 00:46:47.012 --> 00:46:50.098 They didn't want some Muslim being the heavyweight champion, 783 00:46:50.182 --> 00:46:52.059 so they basically threatened him. 784 00:46:52.601 --> 00:46:56.146 Cassius was about to pack up the bus to leave town, 785 00:46:56.230 --> 00:46:58.148 since they said they were canceling the fight, 786 00:46:58.649 --> 00:47:01.777 but the promoters find out he was leaving, they came back and said, 787 00:47:01.860 --> 00:47:04.404 "You just don't tell nobody you're Muslim. We won't say nothing." 788 00:47:10.244 --> 00:47:12.913 [Randy] February 25th, 1964. 789 00:47:14.957 --> 00:47:16.959 Heavyweight championship of the world. 790 00:47:17.042 --> 00:47:19.753 Malcolm has come back to Miami. 791 00:47:19.837 --> 00:47:21.088 [easy-listening music playing] 792 00:47:21.171 --> 00:47:24.341 [promoter] Miami, Florida, where the Torch of Friendship 793 00:47:24.424 --> 00:47:28.804 signifies a welcome to good people of all races and creeds. 794 00:47:29.888 --> 00:47:31.849 [Dr. Smith] Remember, Miami is a segregated city, 795 00:47:31.932 --> 00:47:35.477 and he has to stay at a hotel that is only for Black people. 796 00:47:37.020 --> 00:47:40.190 [promoter] From the moment you drive up to the main entrance of the Hampton House, 797 00:47:40.274 --> 00:47:42.025 your welcome is assured. 798 00:47:42.109 --> 00:47:43.527 A home away from home 799 00:47:43.610 --> 00:47:46.989 to thousands of visitors from states of the United States 800 00:47:47.072 --> 00:47:48.407 and many foreign lands, 801 00:47:48.490 --> 00:47:51.076 who seek the fabulous Florida sunshine. 802 00:47:56.832 --> 00:48:00.002 If you like to lose your money, then be a fool and bet on Sonny. 803 00:48:00.085 --> 00:48:02.713 But if you wanna have a good day, then put it on Clay. 804 00:48:04.673 --> 00:48:08.051 [Robert] I always thought Sonny Liston 805 00:48:08.552 --> 00:48:12.472 was really afraid of only one thing, and that was a crazy man. 806 00:48:15.017 --> 00:48:18.353 He'd come out of the system, and he'd spent time in jail 807 00:48:18.854 --> 00:48:21.273 where he had seen people go nuts. 808 00:48:22.024 --> 00:48:24.776 Cassius used that, 809 00:48:25.360 --> 00:48:28.196 harassing him, making fun of him. 810 00:48:29.615 --> 00:48:32.534 At the weigh-in, he went nuts, 811 00:48:32.618 --> 00:48:35.120 tried to get at Sonny Liston. 812 00:48:36.288 --> 00:48:39.124 A crazy man who had nothing to lose 813 00:48:39.207 --> 00:48:41.043 could really hurt you. 814 00:48:43.211 --> 00:48:45.088 [reporter] We're almost all set to go 815 00:48:45.172 --> 00:48:47.758 for that world heavyweight championship fight. 816 00:48:47.841 --> 00:48:49.801 The puncher, champion Sonny Liston, 817 00:48:49.885 --> 00:48:52.012 the boxer, challenger Cassius Clay. 818 00:48:52.554 --> 00:48:57.142 [Randy] Just before the fight, Cassius is nervous. 819 00:48:57.225 --> 00:48:58.352 [funky music plays] 820 00:48:58.435 --> 00:48:59.853 This is a big fight. He's-- 821 00:48:59.937 --> 00:49:02.606 He's going to fight Sonny Liston, who is a bad man. 822 00:49:04.107 --> 00:49:06.526 Suddenly, Malcolm X shows up in the locker room. 823 00:49:06.610 --> 00:49:08.570 [Rahman] They made prayer. He talked to my brother, 824 00:49:08.654 --> 00:49:12.491 gave my brother some instructions, and my brother came out very confident. 825 00:49:13.533 --> 00:49:16.328 [Zaheer] Malcolm encouraged him to believe 826 00:49:16.411 --> 00:49:20.624 that he had to bring with him into that ring 827 00:49:20.707 --> 00:49:23.961 the power of God, if not God himself. 828 00:49:24.044 --> 00:49:25.754 [announcer] We're set for an exciting night 829 00:49:25.837 --> 00:49:28.131 here in Convention Hall, Miami Beach. 830 00:49:28.215 --> 00:49:30.842 [Ilyasah] You know, with the support of your brother, 831 00:49:30.926 --> 00:49:33.804 who believes just as deeply as you do, 832 00:49:33.887 --> 00:49:35.681 you can pray to God 833 00:49:36.264 --> 00:49:39.851 to give you the will to do what you must. 834 00:49:40.352 --> 00:49:42.688 [announcer] Now the questions will be answered. 835 00:49:42.771 --> 00:49:45.983 If it goes past the first round, there will be surprises already. 836 00:49:46.817 --> 00:49:50.946 [Randy] Malcolm got a seat sitting in row seven, seat seven. 837 00:49:51.446 --> 00:49:53.573 This is prophecy coming to truth. 838 00:49:53.657 --> 00:49:55.450 -[bell sounds] -[announcer] And here they come. 839 00:49:55.534 --> 00:49:58.662 Clay just laughs at him, backs away, bobbing, weaving. 840 00:49:59.162 --> 00:50:00.914 Clay with a left and a right at play! 841 00:50:00.998 --> 00:50:03.500 Liston's caught! Liston's bleeding under both eyes! 842 00:50:03.583 --> 00:50:05.752 [Howard Cosell] The bell sounds for the fifth round, 843 00:50:05.836 --> 00:50:07.337 and he is having trouble with his eyes. 844 00:50:07.421 --> 00:50:09.715 [announcer] His trainer yelled, "There's something in Liston's gloves." 845 00:50:09.798 --> 00:50:11.550 Clay is blinking, said he can't see. 846 00:50:13.510 --> 00:50:15.303 Here is Liston crouching, hitting the low body. 847 00:50:15.387 --> 00:50:17.639 And Clay keeps blinking like he doesn't see Liston, 848 00:50:17.723 --> 00:50:18.890 and that will be fatal. 849 00:50:19.725 --> 00:50:22.394 His great body and head movements kept him from Liston's punches. 850 00:50:22.477 --> 00:50:24.271 [crowd cheering] 851 00:50:24.354 --> 00:50:26.648 [announcer] Round five saw Cassius come back on the attack. 852 00:50:26.732 --> 00:50:27.941 All through this fight, 853 00:50:28.025 --> 00:50:31.236 Cassius has ripped that left hand into Sonny Liston's face. 854 00:50:31.737 --> 00:50:35.449 And here in the sixth round, Clay has taken control of the fight. 855 00:50:39.202 --> 00:50:42.080 Round six ends. Liston moves very wearily to his corner. 856 00:50:42.664 --> 00:50:45.167 [Howard Cosell] As we come up to round seven… 857 00:50:45.250 --> 00:50:46.418 Wait a minute! 858 00:50:47.169 --> 00:50:49.546 Sonny Liston's not coming out! 859 00:50:49.629 --> 00:50:52.424 The winner and the new heavyweight champion of the world 860 00:50:52.507 --> 00:50:53.967 is Cassius Clay! 861 00:50:54.051 --> 00:50:56.970 Every time I watch it, I still get goosebumps. 862 00:50:57.763 --> 00:50:59.806 [Howard Cosell] Pandemonium has broken loose. 863 00:50:59.890 --> 00:51:02.350 When he goes around the ring, and he points everybody out, 864 00:51:02.434 --> 00:51:04.519 "I told you, I told you." 865 00:51:05.437 --> 00:51:08.273 "I told you I was the greatest. I proved it." 866 00:51:08.857 --> 00:51:12.277 That moment, it'll stick with you the rest of your life. 867 00:51:12.861 --> 00:51:14.196 I shook up the world! 868 00:51:14.279 --> 00:51:15.280 "I shook up the world." 869 00:51:15.363 --> 00:51:16.531 "I shook up the world." 870 00:51:16.615 --> 00:51:17.949 I shook up the world! 871 00:51:20.744 --> 00:51:23.663 He said he was the greatest, uh, all of the odds were against him. 872 00:51:23.747 --> 00:51:25.332 He upset the oddsmakers. 873 00:51:25.415 --> 00:51:27.959 He won. He became victorious. He became the champ. 874 00:51:28.043 --> 00:51:31.546 And the, uh, people who, uh-- Who understand psychology 875 00:51:31.630 --> 00:51:35.383 and the-- The effect that, uh-- The psychological effect 876 00:51:35.467 --> 00:51:39.387 that the image of one's hero has upon the person himself… 877 00:51:40.597 --> 00:51:44.267 they knew that as soon as, uh-- If people begin to identify with Cassius, 878 00:51:44.351 --> 00:51:46.144 and the ki-- Type of image he was creating, 879 00:51:46.228 --> 00:51:47.938 they would have trouble out of these Negroes. 880 00:51:48.021 --> 00:51:51.108 Because they'd have Negroes walking around saying, "I'm the greatest." 881 00:51:51.191 --> 00:51:53.568 Cassius say, "I am something righteous." 882 00:51:53.652 --> 00:51:56.655 Cassius Clay, the greatest! 883 00:51:56.738 --> 00:51:59.866 -Who's the prettiest fighter in history? -Cassius Clay! 884 00:51:59.950 --> 00:52:01.660 -He is the greatest! -All right. 885 00:52:01.743 --> 00:52:03.870 Fly like a butterfly, stings like a bee! 886 00:52:03.954 --> 00:52:07.332 They leave the convention center, a small group of people. 887 00:52:07.833 --> 00:52:10.919 Rudy, Cassius, Malcolm X, 888 00:52:11.002 --> 00:52:13.880 Jim Brown, the great football player at the time, 889 00:52:14.548 --> 00:52:17.134 Sam Cooke, the unbelievable recording artist, 890 00:52:17.217 --> 00:52:18.969 who's a good friend of Cassius. 891 00:52:19.052 --> 00:52:21.596 And they come here… 892 00:52:21.680 --> 00:52:23.723 ♪ I'm your mama, I'm your daddy ♪ 893 00:52:23.807 --> 00:52:25.433 ♪ I'm that nigga in the alley… ♪ 894 00:52:25.517 --> 00:52:26.852 [Randy] …to the Hampton House. 895 00:52:28.019 --> 00:52:32.941 Cassius and Rudy sit back here on these very stools. 896 00:52:33.525 --> 00:52:35.068 ♪ I'm your pusherman ♪ 897 00:52:35.152 --> 00:52:38.905 [Dr. Smith] Cassius Clay the champion, eating a bowl of ice cream. 898 00:52:38.989 --> 00:52:41.616 That was his idea of a big celebration, was a bowl of ice cream. 899 00:52:45.579 --> 00:52:47.622 [stammers] One of the happiest times of my life. 900 00:52:47.706 --> 00:52:49.416 Everybody was celebrating victory. 901 00:52:51.001 --> 00:52:51.877 [shutter clicks] 902 00:52:51.960 --> 00:52:55.797 [Dr. Smith] Now, it's in this moment that they all say, "Well, we believed in you," 903 00:52:55.881 --> 00:52:57.966 but it was Malcolm who believed in him. 904 00:52:58.842 --> 00:52:59.718 [shutter clicks] 905 00:52:59.801 --> 00:53:01.678 [Dr. Smith] And that means something. 906 00:53:02.220 --> 00:53:05.182 It's with gratitude that he celebrates with Malcolm. 907 00:53:08.059 --> 00:53:09.102 It's getting late, 908 00:53:09.853 --> 00:53:15.317 and the story goes that Malcolm, Cassius Clay, Rudy, Jim Brown, 909 00:53:15.400 --> 00:53:16.735 maybe a few others… 910 00:53:17.485 --> 00:53:19.779 [Randy] They go to Malcolm X's room. 911 00:53:19.863 --> 00:53:21.406 It's time to talk serious now. 912 00:53:22.032 --> 00:53:23.825 Now Malcolm X is saying, "You know, 913 00:53:24.659 --> 00:53:27.287 this Louisville Lip, it's time to end that." 914 00:53:29.122 --> 00:53:31.833 "You've got the title, you've got the pulpit… 915 00:53:33.835 --> 00:53:36.171 now you gotta start talking right." 916 00:53:40.300 --> 00:53:41.676 [Dr. Smith] We weren't in the room. 917 00:53:41.760 --> 00:53:43.803 We don't have a recording of those conversations. 918 00:53:43.887 --> 00:53:46.640 All we know is what happens next. 919 00:53:47.724 --> 00:53:48.808 He was able… 920 00:53:48.892 --> 00:53:49.935 [crowd clamors] 921 00:53:50.018 --> 00:53:53.021 …by confessing Allah is God 922 00:53:53.104 --> 00:53:55.649 and Muhammad is his messenger… 923 00:53:55.732 --> 00:53:56.566 [crowd cheers] 924 00:53:56.650 --> 00:54:00.862 …that he whipped a much tougher man than he. 925 00:54:01.363 --> 00:54:05.325 The enemy wanted him to come out all blasted. 926 00:54:05.408 --> 00:54:07.661 [crowd clamors] 927 00:54:07.744 --> 00:54:10.538 They had said that he would-- [chuckles] 928 00:54:10.622 --> 00:54:13.750 Liston would tear up that pretty face of yours. 929 00:54:13.833 --> 00:54:15.835 [crowd cheers] 930 00:54:17.045 --> 00:54:19.589 But Allah and myself said "No, no." 931 00:54:19.673 --> 00:54:20.590 [crowd cheers] 932 00:54:20.674 --> 00:54:23.885 [reporter] And do you think that Cassius' being a Black Muslim 933 00:54:23.969 --> 00:54:25.679 has had anything to do with this victory? 934 00:54:25.762 --> 00:54:27.764 Well, I haven't heard him say he was a Black Muslim. 935 00:54:27.847 --> 00:54:31.101 I have heard him say that he believes in the religion of Islam. 936 00:54:34.521 --> 00:54:37.816 [Dr. Smith] About a week after the fight between Clay and Liston, 937 00:54:37.899 --> 00:54:39.567 they go to the United Nations. 938 00:54:39.651 --> 00:54:43.947 Malcolm X, I want to talk with you briefly about your affiliation with Cassius. 939 00:54:44.030 --> 00:54:45.657 How long have you known him? 940 00:54:45.740 --> 00:54:46.992 About three years. 941 00:54:47.075 --> 00:54:49.452 [reporter] And have you been advising him, uh, 942 00:54:49.536 --> 00:54:51.579 as far as his religious affiliations are concerned? 943 00:54:51.663 --> 00:54:55.166 Well, no, I don't give advice to anyone. He's my brother and my friend. 944 00:54:55.250 --> 00:54:57.919 I express what I know and understand around him. 945 00:54:58.003 --> 00:55:01.881 And Malcolm X introduces him to Black diplomats from all over Africa. 946 00:55:01.965 --> 00:55:03.842 There's my buddy. Yes, sir. 947 00:55:03.925 --> 00:55:05.427 Glad to see you. 948 00:55:06.094 --> 00:55:08.263 [Dr. Smith] And this is where Malcolm reminds him, 949 00:55:08.346 --> 00:55:10.849 "You are not what you were before." 950 00:55:11.558 --> 00:55:15.687 "Now you are someone who is looked up to all over the world." 951 00:55:15.770 --> 00:55:17.605 Do you plan to visit Nigeria on your trip? 952 00:55:17.689 --> 00:55:19.941 Yes, sir. That's one of my main stops, Africa. 953 00:55:20.025 --> 00:55:22.902 Malcolm wanted to play on a larger stage. 954 00:55:22.986 --> 00:55:26.823 He was going to take the race situation 955 00:55:27.449 --> 00:55:29.117 and internationalize it. 956 00:55:29.826 --> 00:55:31.036 Take it to the UN. 957 00:55:32.912 --> 00:55:37.250 The United States was pushing itself as the leader of the free world, 958 00:55:37.334 --> 00:55:39.336 the supporter of human rights, 959 00:55:39.419 --> 00:55:41.504 and brother Malcolm was out there saying, 960 00:55:41.588 --> 00:55:43.590 "Hey, y'all, this is simply not happening." 961 00:55:45.759 --> 00:55:48.303 Malcolm knew that this would be something 962 00:55:48.386 --> 00:55:52.015 that would compel the federal government to move. 963 00:55:54.017 --> 00:55:56.561 [Malcolm] Cassius is in a better position than anyone else 964 00:55:56.644 --> 00:55:59.189 to restore a sense of racial pride 965 00:55:59.272 --> 00:56:02.192 to not only our people in this country, but all over the world. 966 00:56:02.275 --> 00:56:03.818 [smooth jazz music playing] 967 00:56:08.198 --> 00:56:11.493 [Dr. Smith] Over the course of the week, Malcolm and Cassius 968 00:56:11.576 --> 00:56:13.203 look like they've never been closer. 969 00:56:14.829 --> 00:56:16.664 They go to Times Square, 970 00:56:16.748 --> 00:56:20.794 and they go and they watch the fight of Clay defeating Liston. 971 00:56:20.877 --> 00:56:23.880 [Howard Cosell] The winner and new heavyweight champion of the world 972 00:56:23.963 --> 00:56:25.382 is Cassius Clay! 973 00:56:28.218 --> 00:56:31.054 When they come out of the theater, what do you see? 974 00:56:32.305 --> 00:56:35.600 A crowd, hundreds of people, surrounding them. 975 00:56:40.355 --> 00:56:41.981 Reporters are asking Malcolm questions 976 00:56:42.065 --> 00:56:46.152 about whether or not the champ is gonna be in his movement. 977 00:56:47.237 --> 00:56:50.031 There are all these questions about what's gonna happen next. 978 00:56:52.700 --> 00:56:54.536 There's an FBI agent in Chicago 979 00:56:54.619 --> 00:56:58.331 who is requesting continued surveillance of Elijah Muhammad's mansion. 980 00:56:58.415 --> 00:56:59.666 And this agent learns 981 00:56:59.749 --> 00:57:02.752 that Elijah Muhammad has had phone conversations 982 00:57:02.836 --> 00:57:04.629 with the heavyweight champion. 983 00:57:08.216 --> 00:57:10.176 On March 6th, 1964, 984 00:57:11.052 --> 00:57:14.389 Cassius returns to his room back at the Hotel Theresa. 985 00:57:14.472 --> 00:57:17.100 He gets a phone call, and it's Elijah Muhammad. 986 00:57:17.809 --> 00:57:19.727 And the Supreme Minister tells him, 987 00:57:19.811 --> 00:57:23.606 "You are not allowed to associate with Malcolm anymore." 988 00:57:24.107 --> 00:57:26.443 [introspective piano music playing] 989 00:57:34.325 --> 00:57:38.246 [reporter] I understand that you're headed for Chicago later on this afternoon 990 00:57:38.329 --> 00:57:41.040 to meet with Elijah Muhammad? 991 00:57:41.124 --> 00:57:44.002 -Yes, sir. I'm having dinner with him. -[reporter] Uh-huh. 992 00:57:44.085 --> 00:57:47.464 One of the main reasons for you joining the Black Muslims 993 00:57:47.547 --> 00:57:49.632 was your friendship with Malcolm X, wasn't it? 994 00:57:49.716 --> 00:57:53.094 No, I was a Muslim four years before I met Malcolm X. 995 00:57:53.178 --> 00:57:54.471 [reporter] Oh, really? 996 00:57:54.554 --> 00:57:56.764 Uh, he's a friend of yours now though, isn't he? 997 00:57:56.848 --> 00:57:57.891 -Yeah. -[reporter] He was-- 998 00:57:57.974 --> 00:58:00.768 He's a brother of mine. He's my brother. Whatever he do, he's my brother. 999 00:58:00.852 --> 00:58:03.229 [reporter] Uh-huh. Now that he's split away from the Muslims-- 1000 00:58:03.313 --> 00:58:04.439 I don't know about splitting. 1001 00:58:04.522 --> 00:58:07.233 I'll have to see a higher authority on that. 1002 00:58:07.317 --> 00:58:10.820 That's one of my main reasons for going, is to find out the real story. 1003 00:58:10.904 --> 00:58:14.282 I don't believe nothing the press and people write. 1004 00:58:21.247 --> 00:58:22.749 [Rahman] Elijah Muhammad says, 1005 00:58:23.249 --> 00:58:26.336 "For all my followers and all my people that believe in Islam, 1006 00:58:26.920 --> 00:58:28.963 this is the brother, Cassius Clay, 1007 00:58:29.047 --> 00:58:32.425 he's the most trusted follower that I got." 1008 00:58:32.509 --> 00:58:33.676 "And I name him… 1009 00:58:34.677 --> 00:58:36.471 Muhammad Ali." 1010 00:58:39.891 --> 00:58:41.267 That's how he got the name. 1011 00:58:44.479 --> 00:58:48.775 [Peter] Cassius Clay is given his Muslim name, Muhammad Ali. 1012 00:58:49.317 --> 00:58:52.195 Most people had to wait for years to get that. 1013 00:58:53.154 --> 00:58:54.197 He became a hero. 1014 00:58:54.280 --> 00:58:57.033 He appeared on the stage with the Messenger. 1015 00:58:58.284 --> 00:58:59.869 And Malcolm was… 1016 00:59:01.579 --> 00:59:02.872 out in the cold. 1017 00:59:10.088 --> 00:59:13.007 [Herb] Muhammad Ali, then, is in the crosshairs 1018 00:59:13.550 --> 00:59:16.261 between two very powerful individuals, 1019 00:59:16.344 --> 00:59:19.847 two powerful Black leaders, Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X, 1020 00:59:19.931 --> 00:59:21.808 whether he was aware of that or not. 1021 00:59:21.891 --> 00:59:26.437 When forced to choose, 1022 00:59:26.521 --> 00:59:29.941 for Malcolm, he had no choice but to choose himself. 1023 00:59:30.525 --> 00:59:33.903 For Cassius, he had to choose his spiritual father. 1024 00:59:34.821 --> 00:59:36.948 Malcolm was an individual. 1025 00:59:37.031 --> 00:59:39.325 Elijah was an institution. 1026 00:59:39.909 --> 00:59:42.245 Does this split disturb you, that has been reported? 1027 00:59:42.328 --> 00:59:45.248 No, what Malcolm X does is his business. He's one man. 1028 00:59:45.832 --> 00:59:47.709 -Your leader is Elijah Muhammad? -Yes, sir. 1029 00:59:50.003 --> 00:59:52.255 [Shabazz-Allah] The Messenger was our father. 1030 00:59:52.338 --> 00:59:54.966 A father we never had and always wanted. 1031 00:59:55.049 --> 00:59:56.509 [crowd cheering] 1032 00:59:56.593 --> 00:59:58.970 [Shabazz-Allah] He was like the blood in our veins. 1033 01:00:00.346 --> 01:00:02.724 There's no Melchisedek without the Messenger's teachings. 1034 01:00:02.807 --> 01:00:05.602 Take these teachings, I'm just another nigga in the street. 1035 01:00:05.685 --> 01:00:07.186 You understand what I'm trying to say? 1036 01:00:09.105 --> 01:00:11.024 [Maryum] It was a simple story line, 1037 01:00:11.107 --> 01:00:13.318 and my father was right up in the middle of it, 1038 01:00:13.401 --> 01:00:17.697 as this young man trying to choose. 1039 01:00:17.780 --> 01:00:21.159 And, yeah, there could have been an element of survival. 1040 01:00:21.909 --> 01:00:23.995 Cassius Clay is a name no more, is that right? 1041 01:00:24.078 --> 01:00:25.830 Yes, sir. It's Muhammad Ali. 1042 01:00:25.913 --> 01:00:29.459 Muhammad means "worthy of all praises," and Ali means "most high." 1043 01:00:29.542 --> 01:00:30.918 [Randy] When Malcolm heard this, 1044 01:00:31.002 --> 01:00:34.631 Malcolm exploded in a car and said, "That's political." 1045 01:00:34.714 --> 01:00:36.215 Has anybody special gave you the name? 1046 01:00:36.299 --> 01:00:39.677 Yes, sir. My leader and teacher, the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad. 1047 01:00:39.761 --> 01:00:45.141 He knew that in the battle to win the heart of Muhammad Ali, 1048 01:00:46.559 --> 01:00:47.810 he had lost the fight. 1049 01:00:49.395 --> 01:00:50.938 Muhammad. My name's Muhammad. 1050 01:00:51.022 --> 01:00:53.650 Y'all keep calling me Cassius. I'm tired of telling ya. 1051 01:00:53.733 --> 01:00:57.403 You know, you're intelligent. My name is Muhammad Ali, not Cassius. 1052 01:00:57.487 --> 01:01:01.991 Ali would not let America define him, 1053 01:01:02.075 --> 01:01:04.285 and he wouldn't even let them name him. 1054 01:01:04.369 --> 01:01:07.747 [reporter] Muhammad Ali, more popularly known as Gaseous Cassius, 1055 01:01:07.830 --> 01:01:09.499 has just hit town for his… 1056 01:01:09.582 --> 01:01:12.710 [Rev. Sharpton] All of the endorsements, all of the commercials, 1057 01:01:12.794 --> 01:01:15.463 Hollywood, all of that's open to you, 1058 01:01:15.546 --> 01:01:19.217 and changing your name closes the door to all of that. 1059 01:01:20.677 --> 01:01:24.889 It would take a lot of courage in the 21st century, but it was unthinkable-- 1060 01:01:24.972 --> 01:01:26.891 You would have to be out of your mind. 1061 01:01:28.559 --> 01:01:30.937 It was the ultimate statement. 1062 01:01:31.521 --> 01:01:34.232 -[reporter] Mr. Clay, when you-- -Muhammad Ali, sir. 1063 01:01:34.315 --> 01:01:36.067 -[reporter] Mr. Clay-- -Muhammad Ali, sir. 1064 01:01:36.150 --> 01:01:38.569 -[reporter] Mr. Muhammad Ali, either one. -Yes, sir. 1065 01:01:38.653 --> 01:01:40.321 -Just Muhammad Ali, sir. -When you appeared… 1066 01:01:40.405 --> 01:01:45.451 And all of a sudden, people said, "Who does he think he is? A loudmouth N--" 1067 01:01:46.786 --> 01:01:49.414 "The loudmouth N. Who does he think he is?" 1068 01:01:49.497 --> 01:01:51.958 "Go to take a different name, different religion." 1069 01:01:52.917 --> 01:01:55.336 It's a insult to be called Cassius Clay, 'cause I'm not white. 1070 01:01:55.420 --> 01:01:57.130 I'm Muhammad Ali. I'm a Black man. 1071 01:01:57.213 --> 01:01:59.382 It's the name of our history, our ancestry. 1072 01:01:59.465 --> 01:02:02.760 So now it's an honor, coming into the knowledge of self, 1073 01:02:02.844 --> 01:02:04.178 to be called by my own name. 1074 01:02:04.262 --> 01:02:06.514 How would a Russian look named George Washington? 1075 01:02:06.597 --> 01:02:07.432 [crowd laughs] 1076 01:02:07.515 --> 01:02:10.560 -Tell me again, who's the champ? -[crowd] Muhammad Ali! 1077 01:02:11.436 --> 01:02:14.272 -Again. Who's that? -[crowd] Muhammad Ali! 1078 01:02:15.565 --> 01:02:18.109 [crowd clamoring] 1079 01:02:18.192 --> 01:02:19.944 You have Muslims around the world 1080 01:02:20.027 --> 01:02:23.698 who maybe never followed a boxing match, 1081 01:02:23.781 --> 01:02:27.869 now are hearing this name emanating over the press wires: 1082 01:02:27.952 --> 01:02:30.371 Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Ali. 1083 01:02:35.168 --> 01:02:38.671 [Herb] 1964, Muhammad and Malcolm 1084 01:02:38.755 --> 01:02:41.215 traveled to Africa and the Middle East, 1085 01:02:41.841 --> 01:02:43.384 but not together. 1086 01:02:44.051 --> 01:02:46.095 They both had this concern 1087 01:02:46.179 --> 01:02:50.266 for the whole winds of change that are growing across Africa. 1088 01:02:50.975 --> 01:02:54.937 Muhammad Ali was met with all these adoring masses of people. 1089 01:02:55.646 --> 01:02:58.149 He was mesmerizing in so many different ways. 1090 01:02:58.232 --> 01:03:02.528 The kind of charisma that he possessed, you know, it's extraordinary. 1091 01:03:06.657 --> 01:03:09.952 And Malcolm is traveling alone. 1092 01:03:11.537 --> 01:03:13.706 Meeting with these here world leaders, 1093 01:03:13.790 --> 01:03:17.543 he was trying to bring the message of 22 million African-Americans 1094 01:03:17.627 --> 01:03:19.086 to the world stage… 1095 01:03:19.670 --> 01:03:21.881 -Salaam alaikum. -[crowd] Walaikum Salaam. 1096 01:03:21.964 --> 01:03:24.884 …and bring charges, you know, against the US. 1097 01:03:24.967 --> 01:03:27.136 in terms of their violation of human rights. 1098 01:03:27.220 --> 01:03:30.348 Our problem is not an American problem, it's a human problem. 1099 01:03:30.431 --> 01:03:33.518 It's not a Negro problem, it's a problem of humanity. 1100 01:03:34.519 --> 01:03:37.563 [Herb] He's like a representative, a congressman, 1101 01:03:38.356 --> 01:03:40.191 a senator from Black America, 1102 01:03:40.274 --> 01:03:43.069 if not the president of Black America. 1103 01:03:45.446 --> 01:03:46.906 [Ilyasah] "The Muslim from America 1104 01:03:46.989 --> 01:03:51.369 excited everywhere the most intense curiosity and interest." 1105 01:03:52.453 --> 01:03:55.915 "I was mistaken time and again for Cassius Clay." 1106 01:04:00.878 --> 01:04:03.297 "A local newspaper had printed a photograph 1107 01:04:03.381 --> 01:04:06.968 of Cassius and me together at the United Nations." 1108 01:04:10.012 --> 01:04:13.516 "At that moment, he had captured the imagination 1109 01:04:13.599 --> 01:04:17.812 and the support of the entire dark world." 1110 01:04:19.397 --> 01:04:22.483 ["Redemption Song" by Bob Marley playing] 1111 01:04:36.664 --> 01:04:40.209 ♪ Old pirates, yes, they rob I ♪ 1112 01:04:41.294 --> 01:04:44.171 ♪ Sold I to the merchant ships ♪ 1113 01:04:44.255 --> 01:04:46.340 [crowd chanting] Ali! Ali! 1114 01:04:46.424 --> 01:04:48.968 -Ali! Ali! -♪ Minutes after they took I ♪ 1115 01:04:49.051 --> 01:04:50.261 [crowd] Ali! Ali! 1116 01:04:50.344 --> 01:04:53.389 ♪ From the bottomless pit ♪ 1117 01:04:53.472 --> 01:04:54.599 ♪ But my hand… ♪ 1118 01:04:54.682 --> 01:04:58.102 My father always spoke about the redemption of Africa. 1119 01:04:59.770 --> 01:05:04.400 And "Redemption Song" was an homage, if you will, to Marcus Garvey, 1120 01:05:04.984 --> 01:05:08.863 and a statement that Marcus Garvey made in 1937, 1121 01:05:08.946 --> 01:05:11.532 that we must liberate our minds from mental slavery, 1122 01:05:11.616 --> 01:05:14.994 because while others may help us to liberate our bodies, 1123 01:05:15.077 --> 01:05:17.246 none but ourselves can liberate our minds. 1124 01:05:17.330 --> 01:05:21.250 ♪ Emancipate yourselves From mental slavery ♪ 1125 01:05:21.334 --> 01:05:24.754 ♪ None but ourselves can free our minds ♪ 1126 01:05:25.755 --> 01:05:27.048 ♪ Have no fear for… ♪ 1127 01:05:27.131 --> 01:05:31.427 I think Malcolm started to see himself, I believe, uh, 1128 01:05:31.510 --> 01:05:33.179 taking on that mantle. 1129 01:05:33.971 --> 01:05:37.725 ♪ How long shall they kill our prophets ♪ 1130 01:05:37.808 --> 01:05:41.771 ♪ While we stand aside and look? Ooh ♪ 1131 01:05:41.854 --> 01:05:45.566 ♪ Some say it's just a part of it ♪ 1132 01:05:46.233 --> 01:05:50.029 ♪ We've got to fulfill the book… ♪ 1133 01:05:50.112 --> 01:05:52.448 [Malcolm] Because of the spiritual rebirth, 1134 01:05:52.531 --> 01:05:54.033 which I was blessed to undergo 1135 01:05:54.116 --> 01:05:57.328 as a result of the pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca, 1136 01:05:57.912 --> 01:06:02.041 I no longer subscribe to sweeping indictments of any one race. 1137 01:06:02.124 --> 01:06:03.876 [crowd applauds] 1138 01:06:03.960 --> 01:06:05.962 ♪ Redemption songs… ♪ 1139 01:06:12.593 --> 01:06:14.971 [Dr. Smith] May 17th, 1964, 1140 01:06:16.389 --> 01:06:17.390 Accra, Ghana, 1141 01:06:18.391 --> 01:06:20.101 outside the Ambassador Hotel… 1142 01:06:20.977 --> 01:06:22.186 [tense music playing] 1143 01:06:22.269 --> 01:06:27.108 Malcolm was with some of his American expat friends, 1144 01:06:27.191 --> 01:06:30.361 Maya Angelou and others. 1145 01:06:30.444 --> 01:06:33.531 Malcolm is being taken to the airport, 1146 01:06:33.614 --> 01:06:35.366 and outside the hotel, 1147 01:06:35.449 --> 01:06:37.618 and here comes Muhammad Ali. 1148 01:06:40.079 --> 01:06:42.623 [Dr. Smith] Now, keep in mind that Malcolm, 1149 01:06:42.707 --> 01:06:46.085 he's been to Egypt and Saudi Arabia, 1150 01:06:46.168 --> 01:06:47.795 and in his journal, 1151 01:06:49.088 --> 01:06:52.091 he writes about Ali as his brother and his friend. 1152 01:06:52.174 --> 01:06:54.885 So in this moment, in Accra, Ghana, 1153 01:06:54.969 --> 01:06:57.763 when he surprisingly sees the champ, 1154 01:06:57.847 --> 01:07:00.433 he thinks that they're going to embrace as brothers. 1155 01:07:02.810 --> 01:07:06.313 [Randy] Malcolm X keeps saying, "Muhammad, Muhammad." 1156 01:07:08.107 --> 01:07:10.818 Finally, Muhammad Ali turns to him and says, 1157 01:07:10.901 --> 01:07:14.113 "Look, you turned your back on Elijah Muhammad." 1158 01:07:14.196 --> 01:07:16.240 "You were wrong, brother. You were wrong." 1159 01:07:16.323 --> 01:07:17.742 He turns around and walks away. 1160 01:07:19.243 --> 01:07:21.954 [Herb] He kind of snubbed Malcolm at that point. 1161 01:07:23.289 --> 01:07:27.418 Their relationship had pretty much soured, torn apart. 1162 01:07:27.501 --> 01:07:31.005 Maya Angelou would later write about how, when Malcolm gets in the car, 1163 01:07:31.088 --> 01:07:33.340 he's slumped in the passenger seat. 1164 01:07:34.091 --> 01:07:36.594 He says, "I've lost so much." 1165 01:07:38.512 --> 01:07:40.514 He's lost Elijah Muhammad, 1166 01:07:40.598 --> 01:07:43.100 who had played a paternal role in his life, 1167 01:07:43.184 --> 01:07:45.561 and now he's lost Muhammad Ali. 1168 01:07:46.312 --> 01:07:48.981 If that's the blood brotherhood we're talking about, 1169 01:07:49.065 --> 01:07:52.610 I think it was probably the end of the blood brotherhood. 1170 01:07:55.571 --> 01:07:57.031 [reporter] What's your plan now? 1171 01:07:57.531 --> 01:07:59.992 [Malcolm] I'm going back to the, uh, States, 1172 01:08:01.118 --> 01:08:02.703 first to see how my family is doing. 1173 01:08:02.787 --> 01:08:05.039 -[reporter] Yes. -[Malcolm] See what develops. 1174 01:08:07.124 --> 01:08:10.961 When he returned from Africa at JFK Airport, 1175 01:08:11.545 --> 01:08:14.381 my mother handed me over to my father, 1176 01:08:14.465 --> 01:08:18.636 and he's smiling. I don't know if that's a fond memory, 1177 01:08:18.719 --> 01:08:22.556 or if it's because I've seen the photo so many times, 1178 01:08:23.599 --> 01:08:26.060 but I feel like I see him looking at me 1179 01:08:26.143 --> 01:08:27.853 like he's waiting for something to happen. 1180 01:08:27.937 --> 01:08:30.689 And this is a golden Muslim mosque 1181 01:08:30.773 --> 01:08:34.401 that was presented to me by the Islamic Council of all Egypt. 1182 01:08:34.485 --> 01:08:36.487 [crowd cheers and applauds] 1183 01:08:37.947 --> 01:08:39.156 [man 1] Yeah! 1184 01:08:39.240 --> 01:08:41.117 [man 2] It's all solid gold, brother. 1185 01:08:41.617 --> 01:08:43.202 All solid gold. 1186 01:08:44.870 --> 01:08:46.205 Solid gold. 1187 01:08:46.789 --> 01:08:47.998 [man 3] Solid gold! Yes… 1188 01:08:48.082 --> 01:08:50.626 This is a gift to our leader and teacher for waking all of us up, 1189 01:08:50.709 --> 01:08:53.462 because we were in a bad state of condition before we heard him. 1190 01:08:53.546 --> 01:08:54.547 [man 3] Yes, sir! 1191 01:08:54.630 --> 01:08:56.465 [crowd cheers and applauds] 1192 01:08:56.549 --> 01:08:59.635 [man 4] Hooray! Yes, sir! 1193 01:08:59.718 --> 01:09:03.139 Have you and Malcolm X, the man who helped convert you 1194 01:09:03.222 --> 01:09:05.099 to the Black Muslim movement, 1195 01:09:05.182 --> 01:09:06.433 have the two of you split? 1196 01:09:07.017 --> 01:09:09.353 When the Honorable Elijah Muhammad cuts a man off, 1197 01:09:09.436 --> 01:09:12.314 well then he's automatically cut off with all of his followers. 1198 01:09:12.398 --> 01:09:15.943 My newspaper carried a story saying upon your return from Africa, 1199 01:09:16.026 --> 01:09:19.530 you refused to stay at the Theresa Hotel, your former headquarters. 1200 01:09:19.613 --> 01:09:23.284 My leader told me-- Not my leader, but various officials 1201 01:09:23.367 --> 01:09:26.287 said that it wouldn't be nice being in the same hotel that he was in, 1202 01:09:26.370 --> 01:09:27.705 and whatever they say go. 1203 01:09:30.749 --> 01:09:33.252 [reporter] When Cassius Clay was in Accra, 1204 01:09:33.335 --> 01:09:38.174 he was quoted as saying things that were, um, not so friendly. 1205 01:09:38.257 --> 01:09:40.342 Uh, could you have anything to say about that? 1206 01:09:40.426 --> 01:09:42.261 I don't know anything about what he said. 1207 01:09:42.344 --> 01:09:46.807 I'm always reluctant to believe what I read in the newspaper 1208 01:09:46.891 --> 01:09:50.144 that one Black man supposedly said about another Black man. 1209 01:09:50.227 --> 01:09:51.061 [reporter] He was-- 1210 01:09:51.145 --> 01:09:55.441 And if I have anything at all to say about Cassius, I'll say it to him. 1211 01:09:55.524 --> 01:09:57.276 I don't even talk about Malcolm X. 1212 01:09:57.359 --> 01:09:59.195 He's not in our mind. He's a little-- 1213 01:09:59.278 --> 01:10:01.739 We don't worry about Malcolm X. We have too much to do, 1214 01:10:02.573 --> 01:10:07.077 and he's just one individual who, as we say, went astray. 1215 01:10:09.371 --> 01:10:11.457 [reporter] Do you still consider him a friend? 1216 01:10:11.540 --> 01:10:14.293 Yes, I consider all of our people my friend. 1217 01:10:14.376 --> 01:10:17.004 And usually, those who act unfriendly 1218 01:10:17.087 --> 01:10:20.633 are only reflecting the poison that someone else has put in them. 1219 01:10:23.552 --> 01:10:26.931 I-- I'm wondering if you still believe, as I think you certainly did 1220 01:10:27.014 --> 01:10:29.600 at the time you were allied with the Black Muslim movement, 1221 01:10:29.683 --> 01:10:33.854 in a segregated Black nation in North America? 1222 01:10:33.938 --> 01:10:37.524 I don't believe in any form of segregation or any form of racism. 1223 01:10:37.608 --> 01:10:39.443 -Are you still a Muslim? -[Malcolm] Oh yes. 1224 01:10:39.526 --> 01:10:41.946 I'm a Muslim. I believe in the religion of Islam, 1225 01:10:42.029 --> 01:10:43.948 which believes in brotherhood. 1226 01:10:44.031 --> 01:10:45.908 Complete brotherhood of all people. 1227 01:10:47.993 --> 01:10:52.623 Malcolm felt that he was now a big man before the public, 1228 01:10:52.706 --> 01:10:55.292 and this seemed to have been his desire. 1229 01:10:55.376 --> 01:10:57.878 He wanted to be seen and heard. 1230 01:10:57.962 --> 01:11:01.423 He wanted to exalt himself above his teacher. 1231 01:11:05.636 --> 01:11:08.889 [Zaheer] Once Malcolm is labeled a hypocrite… 1232 01:11:11.350 --> 01:11:12.643 …it marks him. 1233 01:11:14.478 --> 01:11:16.981 What people think hypocrite means 1234 01:11:17.064 --> 01:11:21.652 or permits them to contemplate to do, 1235 01:11:21.735 --> 01:11:24.822 puts him in an extremely vulnerable position. 1236 01:11:27.324 --> 01:11:30.828 [Wali] We definitely look at that as one of the worst things you could do, 1237 01:11:30.911 --> 01:11:31.829 is be a hypocrite. 1238 01:11:31.912 --> 01:11:34.915 Uh, you know, we don't affiliate ourselves with hypocrites, 1239 01:11:34.999 --> 01:11:37.584 and we let Allah take care of our hypocrites. 1240 01:11:38.085 --> 01:11:43.132 -[reporter] Why are they threatening you? -Well, primarily because they're afraid 1241 01:11:43.215 --> 01:11:46.593 that I will tell the real reason that they've been-- 1242 01:11:46.677 --> 01:11:50.639 That I'm out of the Black Muslim movement, which I never told, I kept to myself. 1243 01:11:50.723 --> 01:11:53.559 But the real reason is that Elijah Muhammad, 1244 01:11:53.642 --> 01:11:54.935 the head of the movement, 1245 01:11:55.019 --> 01:11:59.148 is the father of eight children by six different teenage girls. 1246 01:11:59.231 --> 01:12:01.650 Different, uh-- Six different teenage girls 1247 01:12:01.734 --> 01:12:04.320 who were his private personal secretaries. 1248 01:12:06.363 --> 01:12:09.283 Shouldn't have talked about him like that. Elijah Muhammad? 1249 01:12:10.534 --> 01:12:12.244 Taught you everything you knew. 1250 01:12:12.745 --> 01:12:15.664 Gonna turn against that man?  What a fool. 1251 01:12:20.377 --> 01:12:21.962 [Shabazz-Allah] That's a mistake he made. 1252 01:12:23.464 --> 01:12:26.884 Your mission and your personal life is separate. 1253 01:12:29.428 --> 01:12:30.971 If I got a package for you, 1254 01:12:31.805 --> 01:12:34.516 and my mission's to come across the street and give you the package, 1255 01:12:35.059 --> 01:12:36.060 that's my mission. 1256 01:12:36.560 --> 01:12:38.687 If you see me across the street with a young girl, 1257 01:12:38.771 --> 01:12:40.189 or drinking a quart of wine, 1258 01:12:40.939 --> 01:12:42.608 that ain't none of your business. 1259 01:12:43.442 --> 01:12:45.027 'Cause I fulfilled my mission. 1260 01:12:45.778 --> 01:12:50.324 The Messenger's job is not to discuss or explain his personal life. 1261 01:12:50.866 --> 01:12:52.910 His job is to deliver the message. 1262 01:12:52.993 --> 01:12:55.579 Who in the hell are you to question the Messenger 1263 01:12:55.662 --> 01:12:58.624 who took you out of a garbage can, cleaned you up, 1264 01:12:58.707 --> 01:13:00.376 and put you in front of the world 1265 01:13:00.459 --> 01:13:03.295 as the number-one spokesman for Black people? 1266 01:13:03.379 --> 01:13:05.130 Now you gonna question him? 1267 01:13:07.383 --> 01:13:08.217 No, no. 1268 01:13:12.096 --> 01:13:13.472 [Rahman] When Malcolm did that, 1269 01:13:13.972 --> 01:13:17.643 talked about Elijah, said some bad things about his lifestyle 1270 01:13:17.726 --> 01:13:19.353 with women and things like that, 1271 01:13:19.436 --> 01:13:21.772 everybody that loved Elijah turned against him. 1272 01:13:23.232 --> 01:13:24.650 He shouldn't have said that. 1273 01:13:25.192 --> 01:13:27.986 Too many people love Elijah. They would kill for Elijah. 1274 01:13:28.070 --> 01:13:29.071 They did. 1275 01:13:30.447 --> 01:13:33.242 [Herb] February the 14th, 1965, 1276 01:13:33.742 --> 01:13:37.162 Malcolm's house was firebombed in East Elmhurst. 1277 01:13:37.746 --> 01:13:40.958 [reporter] His house in Queens was seriously damaged by fire, 1278 01:13:41.041 --> 01:13:43.836 a fire started by Molotov cocktails. 1279 01:13:44.586 --> 01:13:47.881 [Ilyasah] For my mother, a bomb was thrown into the nursery 1280 01:13:47.965 --> 01:13:50.968 where her babies slept. 1281 01:13:52.302 --> 01:13:54.763 That has got to be frightening. 1282 01:13:55.347 --> 01:13:56.557 My house was bombed. 1283 01:13:56.640 --> 01:13:59.226 It was bombed by the Black Muslim movement 1284 01:13:59.309 --> 01:14:01.687 upon the orders of Elijah Muhammad. 1285 01:14:02.479 --> 01:14:04.982 They had planned to do it from the front and the back 1286 01:14:05.065 --> 01:14:06.316 so that I couldn't get out. 1287 01:14:06.900 --> 01:14:08.569 I was working the graveyard shift 1288 01:14:08.652 --> 01:14:11.697 in one of the automobile plants in Detroit. 1289 01:14:11.780 --> 01:14:15.325 He was supposed to be on the schedule to come to Detroit to speak. 1290 01:14:16.410 --> 01:14:18.203 When I heard early in the morning hours 1291 01:14:18.287 --> 01:14:20.414 that his house had been firebombed in East Elmhurst, 1292 01:14:20.497 --> 01:14:22.541 I knew he was not coming. 1293 01:14:22.624 --> 01:14:24.084 I was wrong. 1294 01:14:25.294 --> 01:14:27.588 At nine o'clock, Malcolm was on a plane, 1295 01:14:27.671 --> 01:14:30.549 came to Detroit, spoke at Ford Auditorium. 1296 01:14:31.216 --> 01:14:34.219 A friend of mine attended, said he could smell the smoke on him, 1297 01:14:34.303 --> 01:14:37.473 what he had salvaged from his house after being firebombed. 1298 01:14:49.860 --> 01:14:54.865 [police spokesman] There were about 400 persons present in the ballroom here, 1299 01:14:54.948 --> 01:14:56.408 representing the-- 1300 01:14:56.492 --> 01:15:03.290 An organization known as the Afro-American Unity Organization… 1301 01:15:03.373 --> 01:15:04.249 [clicks tongue] 1302 01:15:04.333 --> 01:15:06.877 …uh, headed up by Malcolm X. 1303 01:15:08.962 --> 01:15:11.757 [A. Peter] The Audubon Ballroom was a huge ballroom, 1304 01:15:12.758 --> 01:15:15.177 but it had a very small lobby area. 1305 01:15:16.887 --> 01:15:20.265 I was sitting in the lobby, facing the-- The entrance. 1306 01:15:22.893 --> 01:15:27.564 I guess I'd been there maybe 10, 15 minutes at the most, 1307 01:15:27.648 --> 01:15:29.733 and I heard Brother Malcolm say assalamu alaikum, 1308 01:15:29.816 --> 01:15:31.652 and next thing I heard was shots. 1309 01:15:32.319 --> 01:15:33.529 [Malcolm] Salaam alaikum. 1310 01:15:34.029 --> 01:15:37.032 -[gun fires repeatedly] -[people shouting and crying] 1311 01:15:38.659 --> 01:15:41.036 [woman] I saw people crawling on the floor, 1312 01:15:41.703 --> 01:15:43.664 and so I got down too. 1313 01:15:45.874 --> 01:15:47.459 And my children were crying, you know, 1314 01:15:47.543 --> 01:15:50.546 "What's going on? What's going on? Are they gonna shoot us?" 1315 01:15:51.838 --> 01:15:53.507 I knew they had shot my husband. 1316 01:15:55.884 --> 01:15:57.135 [A. Peter] I ran forward. 1317 01:15:57.219 --> 01:16:00.931 I saw Malcolm hold his side and hold his stomach and fell down. 1318 01:16:01.890 --> 01:16:04.643 We have two suspects in custody now. 1319 01:16:04.726 --> 01:16:08.397 One of these men was arrested on the street 1320 01:16:08.480 --> 01:16:11.024 by one of our patrolmen close by. 1321 01:16:11.525 --> 01:16:14.528 [reporter] Are they members of the, uh, Black Muslims? 1322 01:16:14.611 --> 01:16:15.779 I would not know that. 1323 01:16:15.862 --> 01:16:17.864 [siren wailing] 1324 01:16:17.948 --> 01:16:20.617 -[reporter] How do you feel now? -[man] I wanna kill somebody. 1325 01:16:21.618 --> 01:16:23.537 That's right, I wanna kill somebody. 1326 01:16:24.329 --> 01:16:27.958 Before the night's over, if Malcolm dies, somebody gonna die. 1327 01:16:29.167 --> 01:16:31.169 [mournful music playing] 1328 01:16:40.220 --> 01:16:41.763 [Herb] He was our manhood. 1329 01:16:42.264 --> 01:16:46.393 He was the-- A milestone, you know, our anchor. 1330 01:16:46.476 --> 01:16:49.855 Malcolm X was the greatest Black man since Marcus Garvey. 1331 01:16:51.398 --> 01:16:53.525 And when you lost it, you found out 1332 01:16:53.609 --> 01:16:56.028 how really lost you were as a people. 1333 01:16:56.111 --> 01:17:01.742 [crowd singing] ♪ We shall overcome some day ♪ 1334 01:17:01.825 --> 01:17:06.288 [reporter 1] Mr. Muhammad, yesterday in a wire story, uh, 1335 01:17:06.371 --> 01:17:09.916 a Muslim was quoted as saying, uh, that, 1336 01:17:10.000 --> 01:17:12.919 "The chickens had come home to roost on Malcolm," 1337 01:17:13.003 --> 01:17:15.005 in reference to Malcolm's earlier statement 1338 01:17:15.088 --> 01:17:17.633 about the assassination of President Kennedy. 1339 01:17:17.716 --> 01:17:21.928 Do you feel a Muslim brother would make such a statement about Malcolm 1340 01:17:22.012 --> 01:17:23.555 upon learning of his death? 1341 01:17:24.181 --> 01:17:25.140 Well, I don't know. 1342 01:17:25.223 --> 01:17:28.769 I know nothing about who it was any more than you. 1343 01:17:28.852 --> 01:17:31.772 [reporter 2] Has any police force, sir, asked you for a statement? 1344 01:17:32.272 --> 01:17:33.106 No, sir. 1345 01:17:33.607 --> 01:17:36.360 [reporter 1] Mr. Muhammad, Malcolm, before he was killed yesterday, 1346 01:17:36.443 --> 01:17:39.529 said the Black Muslims were trying to kill him. 1347 01:17:39.613 --> 01:17:41.198 Would you comment on that? 1348 01:17:41.281 --> 01:17:42.616 I know nothing about it. 1349 01:17:43.617 --> 01:17:46.411 We're not, uh, violent people. 1350 01:17:46.953 --> 01:17:49.039 This is a shock to us. 1351 01:17:52.584 --> 01:17:55.087 [documentary interviewer] What do you think happened to Malcolm X? 1352 01:17:55.170 --> 01:17:57.047 -What do I think? -[documentary interviewer] Yes. 1353 01:18:00.717 --> 01:18:02.135 [mumbling] Uh-- Uh-- 1354 01:18:02.219 --> 01:18:04.471 What I know, what happened to him. 1355 01:18:07.432 --> 01:18:09.393 I know he deviated and… 1356 01:18:11.103 --> 01:18:12.270 And he died. 1357 01:18:17.609 --> 01:18:21.071 [Zaheer] It's very easy to tell the story of the assassination of Malcolm X 1358 01:18:21.154 --> 01:18:24.032 as a story of a dissident 1359 01:18:24.116 --> 01:18:26.952 who leaves a movement and is punished for that. 1360 01:18:27.744 --> 01:18:30.664 And certainly, there was definitely bad blood 1361 01:18:30.747 --> 01:18:33.083 between Malcolm and the Nation of Islam. 1362 01:18:33.166 --> 01:18:37.587 -[crowd shouting] -[whistles blowing] 1363 01:18:40.048 --> 01:18:46.471 [Zaheer] But from what we have been able to glean from the released FBI files, 1364 01:18:46.555 --> 01:18:51.810 and they have not all been released, is that the FBI was gleefully 1365 01:18:52.686 --> 01:18:56.148 watching this gap, this split grow, 1366 01:18:57.023 --> 01:19:00.402 and grow bitterly between Malcolm 1367 01:19:01.278 --> 01:19:03.155 and the Nation of Islam. 1368 01:19:05.365 --> 01:19:08.118 The hidden hand was the federal government. 1369 01:19:08.201 --> 01:19:10.662 They would never let a white man shoot Malcolm, 1370 01:19:10.746 --> 01:19:13.039 'cause that would have been… catastrophe. 1371 01:19:16.168 --> 01:19:19.838 Now, you always have, excuse my expression, 1372 01:19:20.422 --> 01:19:25.635 niggas who will sell out their mother for $2. 1373 01:19:28.388 --> 01:19:30.640 [reporter] Police are everywhere, on rooftops, 1374 01:19:31.141 --> 01:19:33.351 standing on fire escapes, in plain clothes, 1375 01:19:33.435 --> 01:19:39.065 and hundreds of New York City policemen in uniform along 147th Street. 1376 01:19:39.649 --> 01:19:42.235 So far, the last rites for Malcolm X 1377 01:19:42.319 --> 01:19:44.696 are being performed without incident. 1378 01:19:49.451 --> 01:19:51.745 [Ilyasah] My sisters and I lost our father… 1379 01:19:54.748 --> 01:19:57.501 …but I think for Black people, 1380 01:19:58.001 --> 01:20:02.297 that we lost someone who was brilliant, 1381 01:20:03.632 --> 01:20:05.509 kind, loving, 1382 01:20:06.301 --> 01:20:07.677 very compassionate. 1383 01:20:08.178 --> 01:20:10.096 I think that you have to be 1384 01:20:10.180 --> 01:20:15.018 in order to have such a profound reaction to injustice. 1385 01:20:17.437 --> 01:20:20.273 [Dr. West] James Baldwin wrote of Malcolm X, 1386 01:20:20.857 --> 01:20:24.945 "He was the most gentle and tender man I ever met." 1387 01:20:26.321 --> 01:20:30.909 That's not the image of Malcolm. But he saw Malcolm relating to Black folk. 1388 01:20:34.955 --> 01:20:38.583 [Shabazz-Allah] He honored his own code that he taught us. 1389 01:20:43.213 --> 01:20:44.381 Accept death. 1390 01:20:44.881 --> 01:20:46.716 Once you accept death, you're free. 1391 01:20:52.639 --> 01:20:54.933 [reporter] The day before Malcolm X was to be buried, 1392 01:20:55.016 --> 01:20:58.812 Elijah Muhammad made his first public appearance since the assassination. 1393 01:20:58.895 --> 01:21:03.066 The Nation's leader was barely visible behind the human wedge of bodyguards. 1394 01:21:03.984 --> 01:21:08.113 If you would like to follow anyone against me, 1395 01:21:08.905 --> 01:21:10.115 go ahead and do it. 1396 01:21:10.198 --> 01:21:11.992 -[crowd clamors] -But your, uh-- 1397 01:21:12.075 --> 01:21:14.494 That-- Your end will be pretty bad. 1398 01:21:14.578 --> 01:21:17.414 -[crowd clamors] -I fear for you. 1399 01:21:17.497 --> 01:21:19.499 [crowd applauds] 1400 01:21:20.625 --> 01:21:23.879 [reporter] Also in Chicago, participating in the Muslim convention, 1401 01:21:23.962 --> 01:21:26.256 is the heavyweight champion Cassius Clay. 1402 01:21:26.339 --> 01:21:29.259 His adopted Muslim name: Muhammad Ali. 1403 01:21:38.059 --> 01:21:40.979 [Muhammad] Malcolm X and anybody else who attacks 1404 01:21:41.062 --> 01:21:45.859 or talks about attacking Elijah Muhammad will die. 1405 01:21:45.942 --> 01:21:50.155 No man can oppose the Messenger of Almighty God, uh, 1406 01:21:50.238 --> 01:21:52.866 verbally or physically, and get away with it. 1407 01:21:54.618 --> 01:21:57.245 [Dr. Smith] Muhammad Ali becomes part of this chorus, 1408 01:21:58.288 --> 01:22:02.959 that anyone who crosses Elijah Muhammad must die. 1409 01:22:04.336 --> 01:22:06.129 That's the tragedy in all this. 1410 01:22:06.630 --> 01:22:08.131 That Malcolm is the enemy? 1411 01:22:10.216 --> 01:22:14.012 Was Malcolm the enemy when he brought his family to Miami? 1412 01:22:14.095 --> 01:22:18.767 Did he think that Malcolm was the enemy when he prayed with him before his fight? 1413 01:22:20.852 --> 01:22:22.228 Malcolm X got famous 1414 01:22:22.312 --> 01:22:25.523 mainly being hard on people like you, white people. 1415 01:22:25.607 --> 01:22:28.860 White devils, you blue-eyeded, blond-headed dog. 1416 01:22:29.611 --> 01:22:33.073 Whites cared nothing about Malcolm nor so-called Negroes 1417 01:22:33.156 --> 01:22:34.950 when he was with the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, 1418 01:22:35.033 --> 01:22:38.161 but they seem to love and follow our dead leaders, 1419 01:22:38.244 --> 01:22:42.540 and now they have a dead man who was nothing but a-- 1420 01:22:42.624 --> 01:22:44.668 And he admit himself, Malcolm, 1421 01:22:44.751 --> 01:22:46.795 was a tramp, a… 1422 01:22:48.004 --> 01:22:50.340 Had white women selling their body for him. 1423 01:22:50.423 --> 01:22:53.885 He was nothing until the Honorable Elijah Muhammad made him great. 1424 01:22:53.969 --> 01:22:57.055 And if Malcolm X had stayed with the man that made him great, 1425 01:22:57.138 --> 01:23:00.475 taught him everything he knew, today, he'd have been big, big, big. 1426 01:23:00.558 --> 01:23:05.230 [people chanting Arabic prayer] 1427 01:23:20.578 --> 01:23:24.332 [Maryum] In '72, my father went to Mecca. 1428 01:23:29.087 --> 01:23:34.509 And that is what got my father to true Islam. 1429 01:23:35.093 --> 01:23:37.595 Elijah Muhammad, leader of the Black Muslims, 1430 01:23:37.679 --> 01:23:39.681 died of heart failure today in Chicago. 1431 01:23:39.764 --> 01:23:41.558 He was 77 years old. 1432 01:23:51.735 --> 01:23:55.405 We left the Nation, I believe, around '75. 1433 01:23:55.488 --> 01:23:56.948 I was seven years old. 1434 01:24:06.958 --> 01:24:08.752 [Rahman] My brother was so good. 1435 01:24:13.006 --> 01:24:15.800 See, you gotta be me to understand how I feel. 1436 01:24:16.968 --> 01:24:20.221 I was the only brother. Only one brother. 1437 01:24:20.722 --> 01:24:22.682 [stammers] Blood brothers. 1438 01:24:23.308 --> 01:24:26.269 I miss him so much, but I'm going to see him in heaven. 1439 01:24:27.312 --> 01:24:30.023 Oh, I can't wait to see him. I will hug and kiss him. 1440 01:24:42.911 --> 01:24:46.581 [documentary interviewer] Do you remember anything that Muhammad Ali regretted? 1441 01:24:50.210 --> 01:24:51.252 Let me think. 1442 01:24:51.336 --> 01:24:53.838 -Let me think a few minutes here. -[documentary interviewer] Yeah. 1443 01:24:59.010 --> 01:25:01.012 That's a hell of a-- Hell of a question. 1444 01:25:06.518 --> 01:25:08.603 [Herb] So many years are gonna go by, 1445 01:25:08.686 --> 01:25:12.398 and we're always curious about a generation or two from now, 1446 01:25:12.482 --> 01:25:15.276 and what perceptions are they gonna have, 1447 01:25:15.360 --> 01:25:19.030 what estimations will they have of Muhammad Ali, 1448 01:25:19.114 --> 01:25:20.573 of Malcolm X? 1449 01:25:21.866 --> 01:25:25.537 You know, what were the trajectories of their lives, and what did it mean? 1450 01:25:26.496 --> 01:25:28.915 Already we can see it being played out 1451 01:25:28.998 --> 01:25:31.417 in different literature, different films, 1452 01:25:32.293 --> 01:25:33.294 different venues. 1453 01:25:33.378 --> 01:25:35.380 [commentator] Look who gets it next. 1454 01:25:35.463 --> 01:25:37.590 -[crowd cheering] -[Olympic theme song playing] 1455 01:25:37.674 --> 01:25:39.050 [commentator] The greatest. 1456 01:25:41.010 --> 01:25:46.683 [Dr. Boyd] The Ali that has been presented to the public 1457 01:25:46.766 --> 01:25:48.768 since 1996 1458 01:25:49.769 --> 01:25:51.104 is a false image. 1459 01:25:51.187 --> 01:25:53.731 They've managed to edit out 1460 01:25:53.815 --> 01:25:59.320 those things that made Muhammad Ali controversial in another era. 1461 01:25:59.404 --> 01:26:01.406 [Olympic theme song playing] 1462 01:26:03.324 --> 01:26:06.786 [Dr. West] The same people who gave him a standing ovation in Atlanta… 1463 01:26:06.870 --> 01:26:08.872 [crowd cheering] 1464 01:26:09.455 --> 01:26:11.791 …the same people 20 years earlier 1465 01:26:11.875 --> 01:26:13.543 had talked about him like a dog. 1466 01:26:15.587 --> 01:26:18.298 [Dr. Boyd] He was a strident critic of white supremacy. 1467 01:26:18.381 --> 01:26:21.634 [Muhammad] And I just don't think I should go 10,000 miles from here 1468 01:26:21.718 --> 01:26:24.304 and shoot some Black people who never called me nigger, 1469 01:26:24.387 --> 01:26:28.141 never lynched me, never put dogs on me, never raped my mama. 1470 01:26:28.224 --> 01:26:30.435 And I think a lot of that got written out 1471 01:26:30.518 --> 01:26:32.520 because of his illness 1472 01:26:32.604 --> 01:26:35.190 and the fact that he wasn't really able to speak. 1473 01:26:40.320 --> 01:26:43.156 [Malcolm] And even today, America is still a country 1474 01:26:43.239 --> 01:26:44.824 whose governmental system 1475 01:26:44.908 --> 01:26:49.078 is based upon freedom, justice and equality for white people only. 1476 01:26:49.579 --> 01:26:53.416 There's no such thing as freedom in this country for a Black man. 1477 01:26:53.499 --> 01:26:55.752 Malcolm, of course, got killed in '65 1478 01:26:55.835 --> 01:27:01.466 and so people have been rewriting his narrative ever since. 1479 01:27:04.844 --> 01:27:09.557 First time I went to the post office to buy Malcolm X stamps, I was conflicted. 1480 01:27:09.641 --> 01:27:11.851 When Malcolm was killed in 1965, 1481 01:27:11.935 --> 01:27:14.229 no one would've imagined that he would ever be 1482 01:27:14.312 --> 01:27:17.857 on any official product of the US government. 1483 01:27:18.650 --> 01:27:20.818 Seeing Malcolm on a stamp is really symbolic 1484 01:27:20.902 --> 01:27:24.906 of how his image changed over time. 1485 01:27:29.160 --> 01:27:31.829 [Herb] To a certain extent, he still lives with us. 1486 01:27:32.413 --> 01:27:34.332 He hasn't been taken away. 1487 01:27:34.999 --> 01:27:36.668 The spirit of him lives. 1488 01:27:36.751 --> 01:27:38.753 [inspirational music playing] 1489 01:27:40.255 --> 01:27:44.968 [Shabazz-Allah] You can kill a man, but you can't kill the idea. 1490 01:27:47.345 --> 01:27:51.182 Every junior high school, every college, every university, all over YouTube, 1491 01:27:51.266 --> 01:27:55.728 they playin' Malcolm's audios and videos just like he's still here. 1492 01:27:55.812 --> 01:27:58.690 And what he was teaching 50 years ago, 1493 01:27:58.773 --> 01:28:00.942 you see it happening today. 1494 01:28:04.487 --> 01:28:08.992 Black history, American history, and world history changed 1495 01:28:09.075 --> 01:28:12.161 because of these two guys that had the nerve 1496 01:28:12.245 --> 01:28:14.414 to be themselves and be bold. 1497 01:28:14.497 --> 01:28:16.749 And that boldness became contagious. 1498 01:28:17.333 --> 01:28:18.918 …it's the two-legged dog that controls… 1499 01:28:19.002 --> 01:28:22.130 [Rev. Sharpton] They defined a whole generation 1500 01:28:22.213 --> 01:28:25.091 of where we walked with our heads held high 1501 01:28:25.174 --> 01:28:26.759 and our shoulders back. 1502 01:28:29.595 --> 01:28:33.599 [Maryum] People forget my father was still this young man in his 20s 1503 01:28:34.100 --> 01:28:36.102 whose eyes was on a championship. 1504 01:28:36.811 --> 01:28:40.732 There are things that Malcolm taught him that my father kept with him 1505 01:28:41.649 --> 01:28:43.109 until his last day. 1506 01:28:45.069 --> 01:28:48.489 [documentary interviewer] How did your brother feel about Malcolm X 1507 01:28:48.573 --> 01:28:50.783 after he was assassinated? 1508 01:28:50.867 --> 01:28:55.496 Did he ever talk to you about regrets or how he felt? 1509 01:28:55.997 --> 01:28:59.334 He never did, but I know my brother. He-- 1510 01:28:59.417 --> 01:29:01.169 He felt-- He felt bad. 1511 01:29:02.170 --> 01:29:03.838 It hurt my brother bad, yes. 1512 01:29:07.258 --> 01:29:10.845 [Ilyasah] Once he severed ties with the Nation of Islam, 1513 01:29:11.596 --> 01:29:14.474 Muhammad Ali reached out to our family. 1514 01:29:15.183 --> 01:29:18.311 I think Muhammad Ali likely felt 1515 01:29:18.394 --> 01:29:21.522 that he owed it to my father 1516 01:29:21.606 --> 01:29:26.986 to make sure that his wife and his babies were safe 1517 01:29:27.070 --> 01:29:28.488 and that they were okay. 1518 01:29:31.449 --> 01:29:34.702 [Attallah] There was a double take when I came upon him, 1519 01:29:34.786 --> 01:29:38.081 somewhere between me turning 18, 19 or 20. 1520 01:29:39.916 --> 01:29:41.876 Now looking right into his face-- 1521 01:29:41.959 --> 01:29:42.919 You know how he is. 1522 01:29:43.002 --> 01:29:45.296 You know, he gives you that little dare like, "Is that you?" 1523 01:29:45.380 --> 01:29:46.756 [crowd laughing softly] 1524 01:29:48.341 --> 01:29:49.550 [laughing softly again] 1525 01:29:51.052 --> 01:29:53.971 From the very moment we found one another, 1526 01:29:54.055 --> 01:29:56.140 it was as if no time had passed at all. 1527 01:29:56.808 --> 01:29:58.726 We cried out loud. 1528 01:30:00.686 --> 01:30:05.608 His grief for having not spoken to my dad before he left. 1529 01:30:06.359 --> 01:30:10.696 Having Muhammad Ali in my life somehow sustained my dad's breath for me 1530 01:30:11.697 --> 01:30:13.366 just a little while longer, 1531 01:30:14.367 --> 01:30:16.160 [voice breaking] 51 years longer. 1532 01:30:16.244 --> 01:30:17.245 Until now. 1533 01:30:18.162 --> 01:30:19.455 [sobbing] 1534 01:30:20.373 --> 01:30:22.375 [crowd applauds] 1535 01:30:31.050 --> 01:30:33.386 [introspective piano music playing] 1536 01:30:39.851 --> 01:30:43.062 [Muhammad] I upset Sonny Liston, and I just turned 22 years old. 1537 01:30:43.146 --> 01:30:44.605 I must be the greatest! 1538 01:30:44.689 --> 01:30:46.524 I am the king of the world! 1539 01:30:46.607 --> 01:30:47.483 [crowd cheering] 1540 01:30:49.193 --> 01:30:50.778 [Malcolm] He's my brother and my friend. 1541 01:30:51.696 --> 01:30:54.532 I express what I know and understand around him, 1542 01:30:54.615 --> 01:30:57.618 but he has a mind of his own, an understanding of his own. 1543 01:31:01.789 --> 01:31:05.918 [Ilyasah] It was destiny that they would feel that brotherhood 1544 01:31:06.002 --> 01:31:07.920 and learn together. 1545 01:31:10.923 --> 01:31:13.259 But there were these outside forces 1546 01:31:13.342 --> 01:31:16.304 that prevented them from continuing 1547 01:31:16.387 --> 01:31:19.932 this beautiful relationship that had started. 1548 01:31:26.105 --> 01:31:28.983 [Hana] We were writing my father's autobiography, The Soul of a Butterfly, 1549 01:31:29.066 --> 01:31:30.151 it was in 2003, 1550 01:31:31.319 --> 01:31:32.695 I asked him about Malcolm X 1551 01:31:32.778 --> 01:31:35.364 and how he felt about the relationship and how it ended. 1552 01:31:36.491 --> 01:31:38.743 And I remember, 1553 01:31:38.826 --> 01:31:41.537 my father sat back in his chair and he closed his eyes… 1554 01:31:44.040 --> 01:31:47.543 …and it took him a little bit to respond, maybe 10 or 15 seconds, 1555 01:31:47.627 --> 01:31:49.128 and he said to me-- 1556 01:31:49.837 --> 01:31:54.091 He said that turning his back on Malcolm was one of his greatest regrets. 1557 01:31:54.175 --> 01:31:57.803 He wished that he could go back and tell Malcolm that he was sorry, 1558 01:31:57.887 --> 01:32:00.223 that he loved him, that he was his friend, 1559 01:32:00.306 --> 01:32:02.433 and that he was right about so many things. 1560 01:32:05.019 --> 01:32:07.855 [Ilyasah] One of the things that I'll never forget was… 1561 01:32:09.357 --> 01:32:11.901 looking up at Muhammad Ali and asking him, 1562 01:32:13.069 --> 01:32:14.570 "Did you love my father?" 1563 01:32:17.865 --> 01:32:19.825 And him saying, 1564 01:32:21.244 --> 01:32:23.913 "I loved your father with all my heart." 1565 01:32:38.761 --> 01:32:40.763 [jazz music playing]