1 00:00:00,886 --> 00:00:03,378 (cattle mooing) (clattering) 2 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 3 00:00:03,378 --> 00:00:06,295 (flames billowing) 4 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 5 00:00:09,774 --> 00:00:13,524 (deliberative ambient music) 6 00:00:25,740 --> 00:00:27,900 - [Translator] Here, we find out that this is hell, 7 00:00:27,900 --> 00:00:28,733 not a camp. 8 00:00:28,733 --> 00:00:31,567 We were at the gates of hell. 9 00:00:31,567 --> 00:00:35,067 (somber orchestral music) 10 00:00:45,150 --> 00:00:47,283 - To them, we were not human beings. 11 00:00:51,890 --> 00:00:55,727 To them, we were just like an animal. 12 00:01:01,540 --> 00:01:05,230 - My father was taken to one of the subcamps of Dachau 13 00:01:05,230 --> 00:01:06,730 and my mother and little brother 14 00:01:06,730 --> 00:01:09,020 were taken from there to (indistinct), 15 00:01:09,020 --> 00:01:12,190 to Auschwitz, to Auschwitz. 16 00:01:12,190 --> 00:01:14,568 Of course, they were killed the same day. 17 00:01:14,568 --> 00:01:17,571 (somber orchestral music) 18 00:01:17,571 --> 00:01:19,150 (speaking in foreign language) 19 00:01:19,150 --> 00:01:22,330 - [Translator] I received a number 106016. 20 00:01:22,330 --> 00:01:25,900 And from then on, I was no longer Andrzej Branecki. 21 00:01:25,900 --> 00:01:27,563 I became that number. 22 00:01:29,979 --> 00:01:32,110 (somber orchestral music) 23 00:01:32,110 --> 00:01:34,490 They brought me to Dachau from Zaporizhia 24 00:01:35,450 --> 00:01:38,233 in October, 1943. 25 00:01:44,094 --> 00:01:47,800 216 of us were being transported, 26 00:01:47,800 --> 00:01:52,093 all captives of the Zaporozhian SD prison. 27 00:01:53,094 --> 00:01:57,011 (speaking in foreign language) 28 00:01:58,070 --> 00:02:01,570 (somber orchestral music) 29 00:02:04,751 --> 00:02:07,370 - My friend and I decided to leave Holland 30 00:02:08,420 --> 00:02:11,313 and get to Great Britain to join the army. 31 00:02:13,120 --> 00:02:15,730 The only way of getting to the other side 32 00:02:15,730 --> 00:02:20,663 of the English Channel was to use an old kayak. 33 00:02:28,470 --> 00:02:30,393 - The German Army stopped us. 34 00:02:31,830 --> 00:02:34,544 With our hands behind our heads, 35 00:02:34,544 --> 00:02:39,503 we were transported from (indistinct) to (indistinct). 36 00:02:39,503 --> 00:02:42,400 After that, we were taken to Dachau. 37 00:02:42,400 --> 00:02:44,270 It turned out that the cars 38 00:02:44,270 --> 00:02:47,343 are filled primarily with the deceased. 39 00:02:50,570 --> 00:02:53,310 I wasn't chosen for the malaria experiments 40 00:02:53,310 --> 00:02:55,593 because I contracted typhus. 41 00:02:56,990 --> 00:02:59,030 When I contracted typhoid fever, 42 00:02:59,030 --> 00:03:02,559 it was already April of 1945. 43 00:03:02,559 --> 00:03:05,846 (speaking in foreign language) 44 00:03:05,846 --> 00:03:09,346 (somber orchestral music) 45 00:03:14,469 --> 00:03:16,719 At the end of January 1943, 46 00:03:18,370 --> 00:03:21,763 Hitler sent me to the language corps to Auschwitz. 47 00:03:24,650 --> 00:03:27,210 The weather soon changed for the worse. 48 00:03:27,210 --> 00:03:29,700 We began to send an SOS signal. 49 00:03:29,700 --> 00:03:32,360 Three German boats swam up to us. 50 00:03:32,360 --> 00:03:34,130 Instead of going to Great Britain, 51 00:03:34,130 --> 00:03:36,963 we ended up in the concentration camp Dachau. 52 00:03:40,639 --> 00:03:42,360 (speaking in foreign language) 53 00:03:42,360 --> 00:03:45,503 It was said that Dachau is a place without God. 54 00:03:49,645 --> 00:03:52,340 (speaking in foreign language) 55 00:03:52,340 --> 00:03:55,235 I can't believe I survived. 56 00:03:55,235 --> 00:04:00,235 (Zeira crying) (somber piano music) 57 00:04:00,400 --> 00:04:04,033 God bless you that I can tell you all about it. 58 00:04:06,820 --> 00:04:08,650 Detained in Annecy 59 00:04:08,650 --> 00:04:11,703 and subsequently transported to the camp in Dachau. 60 00:04:13,831 --> 00:04:18,831 (speaking in foreign language) (people chattering) 61 00:04:19,766 --> 00:04:23,683 (suspenseful orchestral music) 62 00:04:33,840 --> 00:04:37,550 Germany, February 28th, 1933. 63 00:04:37,550 --> 00:04:40,220 A special ordinance for the protection of the nation 64 00:04:40,220 --> 00:04:42,620 and state was put into effect. 65 00:04:42,620 --> 00:04:45,720 In cases of disloyalty among German citizens 66 00:04:45,720 --> 00:04:48,390 towards the Third Reich and the Fuhrer, 67 00:04:48,390 --> 00:04:52,310 it allowed specific restrictions to be introduced, 68 00:04:52,310 --> 00:04:54,620 that of personal freedom, 69 00:04:54,620 --> 00:04:58,080 right of speech, and the right to organize. 70 00:04:58,080 --> 00:05:02,120 Meanwhile, confiscations, searches, arrests, 71 00:05:02,120 --> 00:05:04,150 and jail sentences without a trial 72 00:05:04,150 --> 00:05:06,950 for people suspected of being enemies 73 00:05:06,950 --> 00:05:10,660 of the German nation and state were allowed. 74 00:05:12,526 --> 00:05:16,443 (chanting in foreign language) 75 00:05:28,659 --> 00:05:32,576 (speaking in foreign language) 76 00:05:53,420 --> 00:05:56,163 Great times are only beginning. 77 00:05:57,230 --> 00:05:59,851 Germany has been awakened. 78 00:05:59,851 --> 00:06:01,810 (speaking in foreign language) 79 00:06:01,810 --> 00:06:05,010 We have gained power over the country. 80 00:06:05,010 --> 00:06:08,123 Now, we need to win over the German people. 81 00:06:09,080 --> 00:06:10,783 I know my comrades, 82 00:06:10,783 --> 00:06:13,650 we have been through difficult times 83 00:06:13,650 --> 00:06:17,320 when you have demanded changes that never came. 84 00:06:17,320 --> 00:06:22,033 So we must appeal again and again to continue the struggle. 85 00:06:22,990 --> 00:06:24,830 You cannot act alone. 86 00:06:24,830 --> 00:06:26,100 You must listen. 87 00:06:26,100 --> 00:06:27,650 You must succumb. 88 00:06:27,650 --> 00:06:29,150 You have to surrender 89 00:06:29,150 --> 00:06:33,232 to the overwhelming need for obedience. 90 00:06:33,232 --> 00:06:37,149 (chanting in foreign language) 91 00:06:39,120 --> 00:06:41,170 The first German concentration camp 92 00:06:41,170 --> 00:06:43,945 was built in a small Bavarian town 93 00:06:43,945 --> 00:06:47,430 a mere 20 kilometers from Munich. 94 00:06:47,430 --> 00:06:50,410 Dachau was established by Heinrich Himmler 95 00:06:50,410 --> 00:06:53,440 March 21st, 1933, 96 00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:57,243 an entire six years before the start of World War II. 97 00:06:58,880 --> 00:07:00,910 In the times before the war, 98 00:07:00,910 --> 00:07:05,390 the prisoners consisted mainly of the German people, 99 00:07:05,390 --> 00:07:10,193 enemies of the regime, along with the clergy, and Jews. 100 00:07:11,520 --> 00:07:13,700 The layout of the camp was simple. 101 00:07:13,700 --> 00:07:16,460 The larger areas surrounded by a brick wall 102 00:07:16,460 --> 00:07:18,530 was reserved for the prisoners. 103 00:07:18,530 --> 00:07:20,580 They were kept in 18 long barracks 104 00:07:20,580 --> 00:07:23,373 with about 200 individuals in each. 105 00:07:25,410 --> 00:07:26,617 As the war began, 106 00:07:26,617 --> 00:07:28,330 Dachau became a prototype 107 00:07:28,330 --> 00:07:31,680 for a rapidly growing number of Nazi camps 108 00:07:31,680 --> 00:07:33,140 throughout Europe. 109 00:07:33,140 --> 00:07:35,280 Mauthausen Gusen, Sachsenhausen, 110 00:07:35,280 --> 00:07:39,440 and Auschwitz were also based on its construction. 111 00:07:39,440 --> 00:07:41,620 It wasn't just the concept of such a camp 112 00:07:41,620 --> 00:07:43,200 that became widespread. 113 00:07:43,200 --> 00:07:46,040 The building, arrangement, the floor plan, 114 00:07:46,040 --> 00:07:48,790 even the manner in which the prisoners were treated 115 00:07:48,790 --> 00:07:50,130 were the same. 116 00:07:50,130 --> 00:07:52,200 Before the start of the war, 117 00:07:52,200 --> 00:07:57,070 Dachau was a training area for future camp commandants. 118 00:07:57,070 --> 00:07:58,040 During the war, 119 00:07:58,040 --> 00:08:01,640 the number of people in the extremely overpopulated camp 120 00:08:01,640 --> 00:08:04,640 reached as many as 16,000. 121 00:08:04,640 --> 00:08:07,730 Hitler's aggressive politics soon expanded 122 00:08:07,730 --> 00:08:09,890 beyond the borders of the Reich, 123 00:08:09,890 --> 00:08:14,890 beginning in 1936 with the German Army occupying Rhineland 124 00:08:15,260 --> 00:08:17,713 and followed by the annexation of Austria. 125 00:08:18,634 --> 00:08:22,551 (chanting in foreign language) 126 00:08:26,250 --> 00:08:27,640 Hitler's next targets, 127 00:08:27,640 --> 00:08:30,817 Czechoslovakia and Klaipeda County, 128 00:08:30,817 --> 00:08:34,635 are captured in March, 1939. 129 00:08:34,635 --> 00:08:37,802 (explosions blasting) 130 00:08:41,700 --> 00:08:46,053 His attack on Poland on September 1st, 1939, 131 00:08:46,053 --> 00:08:48,583 marks the beginning of World War II. 132 00:08:49,912 --> 00:08:54,912 (aircraft whirring) (orchestral music) 133 00:08:58,956 --> 00:09:00,200 (speaking in foreign language) 134 00:09:00,200 --> 00:09:05,200 I received my ordination of priesthood June 3rd, 1939. 135 00:09:05,578 --> 00:09:09,143 And I was appointed as vicar in Klebowiec, 136 00:09:10,200 --> 00:09:13,963 three kilometers away from the former Polish German border. 137 00:09:16,320 --> 00:09:18,340 When the war began, 138 00:09:18,340 --> 00:09:23,340 I remember the rector asking Governor (indistinct) 139 00:09:23,440 --> 00:09:24,763 what the people should do. 140 00:09:26,180 --> 00:09:29,080 The governor said that those who are young 141 00:09:29,080 --> 00:09:31,953 and able to join the army should escape. 142 00:09:34,650 --> 00:09:39,010 - 1939, my life was turned upside down 143 00:09:39,970 --> 00:09:43,033 when the Nazis occupied our city of Loich. 144 00:09:45,382 --> 00:09:50,382 (aircraft whirring) (orchestral music) 145 00:09:57,736 --> 00:09:59,840 (speaking in foreign language) 146 00:09:59,840 --> 00:10:01,690 - [Translator] Two soldiers burst in. 147 00:10:02,890 --> 00:10:06,953 They arrested me and took me to Germany as a hostage. 148 00:10:11,769 --> 00:10:14,750 They they forced me to sign a document stating 149 00:10:14,750 --> 00:10:17,820 that if something happens to a German in Klebowiec 150 00:10:17,820 --> 00:10:20,090 or the surrounding area, 151 00:10:20,090 --> 00:10:21,793 I am to be shot. 152 00:10:21,793 --> 00:10:25,293 (somber orchestral music) 153 00:10:26,724 --> 00:10:31,724 (explosions blasting) (orchestral music) 154 00:10:32,010 --> 00:10:33,770 Europe waits. 155 00:10:33,770 --> 00:10:38,770 (explosions blasting) (orchestral music) 156 00:10:48,694 --> 00:10:52,527 (singing in foreign language) 157 00:11:04,150 --> 00:11:07,643 Warsaw surrenders September 28th. 158 00:11:11,530 --> 00:11:13,130 A large bus with barred windows 159 00:11:13,130 --> 00:11:16,320 left the former Wittelsbach Square in Munich. 160 00:11:16,320 --> 00:11:17,980 Feeling melancholic, 161 00:11:17,980 --> 00:11:21,830 my mind drifted to the memory of saying goodbye to my wife. 162 00:11:21,830 --> 00:11:24,068 I could still see her teary-eyed face. 163 00:11:24,068 --> 00:11:27,020 For as soon as the bus passed (indistinct), 164 00:11:27,020 --> 00:11:30,840 it turned off the road that led to the city Dachau. 165 00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:32,900 You entered through a wide gate, 166 00:11:32,900 --> 00:11:35,367 holding up a sign that read (speaking in foreign language). 167 00:11:37,553 --> 00:11:41,136 (intense orchestral music) 168 00:11:52,758 --> 00:11:55,120 The Germans used terror and persecution 169 00:11:55,120 --> 00:11:58,263 to create strict order in the occupied territories. 170 00:11:59,519 --> 00:12:02,519 (soft choral music) 171 00:12:13,376 --> 00:12:16,880 The remaining morale was to be crushed by the radical 172 00:12:16,880 --> 00:12:20,123 and ruthless politics of the master race. 173 00:12:22,200 --> 00:12:24,400 You will be my witnesses, 174 00:12:24,400 --> 00:12:26,147 Archbishop Kazimierz Majdanski. 175 00:12:27,292 --> 00:12:29,010 The arrest take place in stages 176 00:12:29,010 --> 00:12:33,130 according to a code known only to the almighty Gestapo. 177 00:12:33,130 --> 00:12:34,650 There are 43 of us, 178 00:12:34,650 --> 00:12:37,770 clergy professors as well as seminary educators, 179 00:12:37,770 --> 00:12:40,910 curialists, parish priests, and reverends. 180 00:12:40,910 --> 00:12:44,363 A plan to destroy the Polish clergy is underway. 181 00:12:45,690 --> 00:12:49,450 The concept applied to powerful social classes, 182 00:12:49,450 --> 00:12:50,850 namely the clergy, 183 00:12:50,850 --> 00:12:52,690 and those who as priests 184 00:12:52,690 --> 00:12:55,460 had a large influence on the society. 185 00:13:03,720 --> 00:13:07,553 - One day in 1940, they brought out 40 people, 186 00:13:09,600 --> 00:13:13,750 everyone I knew to a gallows. 187 00:13:13,750 --> 00:13:16,801 At that gallows, I saw the butcher, 188 00:13:16,801 --> 00:13:20,177 the plumber, the (indistinct), the author, 189 00:13:20,177 --> 00:13:25,177 the doctor, the lawyer, all of them known to me. 190 00:13:25,467 --> 00:13:27,960 But one of the things that I'll never forget 191 00:13:27,960 --> 00:13:30,210 because we had to stand there watching 192 00:13:30,210 --> 00:13:32,480 as hangings were going on 193 00:13:32,480 --> 00:13:33,510 and what they were doing 194 00:13:33,510 --> 00:13:36,200 every time they put the noose around the neck. 195 00:13:36,200 --> 00:13:39,580 They asked, "Is the noose too tight?" 196 00:13:39,580 --> 00:13:42,153 And then they would hang each individually. 197 00:13:43,070 --> 00:13:44,610 But the bad part about it is 198 00:13:44,610 --> 00:13:47,300 I had to watch my own teacher being hung 199 00:13:48,840 --> 00:13:53,360 while all of us have been standing around for hours 200 00:13:53,360 --> 00:13:57,550 watching this as the Germans were filming it, 201 00:13:57,550 --> 00:14:02,076 taking pictures, and laughing the entire time. 202 00:14:02,076 --> 00:14:04,734 (speaking in foreign language) 203 00:14:04,734 --> 00:14:05,567 - [Translator] At night, 204 00:14:05,567 --> 00:14:07,260 we were transported to a train 205 00:14:07,260 --> 00:14:09,923 and put into cattle cars. 206 00:14:11,420 --> 00:14:12,750 Where are we going? 207 00:14:12,750 --> 00:14:13,763 No one knows. 208 00:14:18,050 --> 00:14:19,940 And then the older priests said 209 00:14:19,940 --> 00:14:21,943 they now know where we are headed. 210 00:14:22,870 --> 00:14:24,760 We are headed towards Dachau. 211 00:14:24,760 --> 00:14:26,243 - When they marched in, 212 00:14:27,340 --> 00:14:32,090 they gave us 10 minutes to leave the main city 213 00:14:32,970 --> 00:14:34,840 and pushed us into a place 214 00:14:34,840 --> 00:14:38,250 which was an old part of the city. 215 00:14:38,250 --> 00:14:40,053 Filthy, dirty. 216 00:14:41,477 --> 00:14:45,150 230,000 people were pushed 217 00:14:45,150 --> 00:14:50,150 into a place of four square kilometers. 218 00:14:50,357 --> 00:14:52,530 If that wasn't enough, 219 00:14:52,530 --> 00:14:54,040 children under the age of 10 220 00:14:54,040 --> 00:14:55,790 were not allowed to be in the city. 221 00:14:56,970 --> 00:14:58,980 They told us all the children under 10 222 00:14:58,980 --> 00:15:00,230 will be sent to a colony. 223 00:15:02,690 --> 00:15:04,180 but they didn't really do. 224 00:15:04,180 --> 00:15:05,653 With those children, 225 00:15:06,800 --> 00:15:09,487 they sent him to a gas chamber in (indistinct). 226 00:15:11,412 --> 00:15:15,290 I was lucky because my father had the foresight. 227 00:15:15,290 --> 00:15:17,420 - Those camps were not extermination camps, 228 00:15:17,420 --> 00:15:19,410 but every second, people died, 229 00:15:19,410 --> 00:15:22,291 because it was impossible to stay alive. 230 00:15:22,291 --> 00:15:25,874 (intense orchestral music) 231 00:15:47,490 --> 00:15:48,323 - And ever since, 232 00:15:48,323 --> 00:15:51,020 I've been calling my father the angel 233 00:15:51,020 --> 00:15:53,980 because he saved me from calamity. 234 00:15:53,980 --> 00:15:55,873 He saved me from troubles. 235 00:15:57,599 --> 00:15:59,210 The example that I gave, 236 00:15:59,210 --> 00:16:02,483 he changed my age, that I was born in 1927. 237 00:16:03,747 --> 00:16:07,290 Because having a birthday in 1927, 238 00:16:07,290 --> 00:16:12,073 I could go ahead and have a passport to work. 239 00:16:13,170 --> 00:16:18,040 I worked as a cloth cutter for four and a half 240 00:16:18,040 --> 00:16:20,404 or something like that years, 241 00:16:20,404 --> 00:16:22,154 from 1940 until 1944. 242 00:16:24,118 --> 00:16:27,701 (intense orchestral music) 243 00:16:34,220 --> 00:16:36,320 (speaking in foreign language) 244 00:16:36,320 --> 00:16:39,807 - [Translator] I spent 24 hours in Terezin, 245 00:16:39,807 --> 00:16:42,467 six weeks in Birkenau and (indistinct). 246 00:16:44,180 --> 00:16:46,420 Within five weeks, 247 00:16:46,420 --> 00:16:49,923 I had already lost eight members of my family. 248 00:16:50,770 --> 00:16:53,313 Only one of my brothers survived the war. 249 00:16:54,610 --> 00:16:57,263 The rest died in the gas chambers. 250 00:16:59,560 --> 00:17:01,183 - The true journey was long, 251 00:17:02,170 --> 00:17:05,390 but we still didn't know where we were going. 252 00:17:05,390 --> 00:17:08,925 We arrived at a place called Auschwitz. 253 00:17:08,925 --> 00:17:12,425 (somber orchestral music) 254 00:17:14,660 --> 00:17:16,450 We still didn't know what it was 255 00:17:16,450 --> 00:17:19,093 because all we saw was a selection ramp. 256 00:17:20,940 --> 00:17:24,639 I was selected to go with my mother, and my brother, 257 00:17:24,639 --> 00:17:29,303 and the younger cousins, and all the women. 258 00:17:30,780 --> 00:17:35,780 My father had the foresight to have a copy of my documents 259 00:17:37,000 --> 00:17:39,450 which was one, the work permit, 260 00:17:39,450 --> 00:17:43,360 and the other one was the registration with the Gestapo 261 00:17:43,360 --> 00:17:47,493 to prove that I was born in 1927, that I was strong, 262 00:17:48,460 --> 00:17:52,123 I worked for German authorities all this time. 263 00:17:53,517 --> 00:17:56,050 (speaking in foreign language) 264 00:17:56,050 --> 00:17:58,280 - [Translator] I had no idea where I was. 265 00:17:58,280 --> 00:17:59,220 For the next few days, 266 00:17:59,220 --> 00:18:01,500 the only things I thought about 267 00:18:01,500 --> 00:18:04,563 were that I was locked up and I didn't know why. 268 00:18:12,380 --> 00:18:14,910 I was arrested for being part 269 00:18:14,910 --> 00:18:16,780 of a communist guerilla division 270 00:18:17,740 --> 00:18:20,513 of an anti-fascist group. 271 00:18:27,179 --> 00:18:30,346 (explosions blasting) 272 00:18:31,530 --> 00:18:33,970 On January 6th, 1944, 273 00:18:33,970 --> 00:18:37,303 Soviet soldiers cross the former borders of Poland. 274 00:18:41,843 --> 00:18:43,620 (speaking in foreign language) 275 00:18:43,620 --> 00:18:45,410 We were sent out of Warsaw 276 00:18:45,410 --> 00:18:48,453 when the Soviet Army was approaching the Vistula. 277 00:18:49,310 --> 00:18:53,445 We walked 120 kilometers in wooden shoes. 278 00:18:53,445 --> 00:18:56,090 (speaking in foreign language) 279 00:18:56,090 --> 00:18:58,540 We went by foot from Warsaw to (indistinct). 280 00:18:58,540 --> 00:19:00,758 We were very thirsty. 281 00:19:00,758 --> 00:19:05,288 Our whole group descended under a bridge by the Vistula. 282 00:19:05,288 --> 00:19:07,510 And when we began drinking the water, 283 00:19:07,510 --> 00:19:10,560 the Nazis began shooting at us. 284 00:19:10,560 --> 00:19:12,890 The water was like blood. 285 00:19:12,890 --> 00:19:15,120 It was red from the blood. 286 00:19:15,120 --> 00:19:19,037 (speaking in foreign language) 287 00:19:22,290 --> 00:19:23,780 We waited for the train, 288 00:19:23,780 --> 00:19:25,980 and August 6th, 1944, 289 00:19:25,980 --> 00:19:28,625 we arrived here to Dachau. 290 00:19:28,625 --> 00:19:32,650 (intense orchestral music) 291 00:19:32,650 --> 00:19:35,603 June 6th, the allies land in Normandy. 292 00:19:37,292 --> 00:19:40,459 (explosions blasting) 293 00:19:44,560 --> 00:19:45,980 A growing number of prisoners 294 00:19:45,980 --> 00:19:49,140 evacuated from camps situated near the war zone 295 00:19:49,140 --> 00:19:51,723 are being transferred to Dachau. 296 00:19:51,723 --> 00:19:55,380 (speaking in foreign language) 297 00:19:55,380 --> 00:19:57,883 Around 1,000 left Frankfurt for Buchenwald. 298 00:19:58,960 --> 00:20:01,110 Only 350 made it. 299 00:20:01,110 --> 00:20:03,530 The rest were shot on the way. 300 00:20:03,530 --> 00:20:06,370 Those who had no more strength to walk 301 00:20:06,370 --> 00:20:07,820 laid down in a ditch. 302 00:20:07,820 --> 00:20:09,650 And the first of the SS men 303 00:20:09,650 --> 00:20:13,523 who walked after every three rows would shoot them. 304 00:20:14,372 --> 00:20:17,955 (intense orchestral music) 305 00:20:19,470 --> 00:20:22,170 It turned out that the cars are filled 306 00:20:22,170 --> 00:20:24,780 primarily with the deceased. 307 00:20:24,780 --> 00:20:26,880 Very few remained alive. 308 00:20:26,880 --> 00:20:28,840 When they opened the doors, 309 00:20:28,840 --> 00:20:30,300 they gave us a choice, 310 00:20:30,300 --> 00:20:32,946 camp or crematorium. 311 00:20:32,946 --> 00:20:35,560 (intense orchestral music) 312 00:20:35,560 --> 00:20:37,860 (explosions blasting) 313 00:20:37,860 --> 00:20:41,369 The Warsaw Uprising breaks out on August 1st, 314 00:20:41,369 --> 00:20:44,536 (explosions blasting) 315 00:20:52,480 --> 00:20:55,570 forcing the Germans to begin deporting residents 316 00:20:55,570 --> 00:20:58,013 of suburban towns near Warsaw. 317 00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:04,000 (people chattering) (orchestral music) 318 00:21:15,004 --> 00:21:15,837 (doors clattering) 319 00:21:15,837 --> 00:21:19,420 (intense orchestral music) 320 00:21:34,420 --> 00:21:36,580 Here, we find out that this is hell, 321 00:21:36,580 --> 00:21:37,930 not a camp. 322 00:21:37,930 --> 00:21:39,803 We were at the gates of hell. 323 00:21:40,732 --> 00:21:41,920 (speaking in foreign language) 324 00:21:41,920 --> 00:21:45,410 It was said that Dachau is a place without God, 325 00:21:45,410 --> 00:21:48,500 that the cruelty there was so terrifying, 326 00:21:48,500 --> 00:21:50,810 the savagery so horrendous, 327 00:21:50,810 --> 00:21:53,160 that it was impossible to believe 328 00:21:53,160 --> 00:21:55,630 that man could act this way 329 00:21:55,630 --> 00:21:59,327 and be so brutal towards another human. 330 00:21:59,327 --> 00:22:03,244 (speaking in foreign language) 331 00:22:06,980 --> 00:22:09,070 They took us 10 at a time, 332 00:22:09,070 --> 00:22:10,590 made us undress. 333 00:22:10,590 --> 00:22:14,370 Only suspenders and handkerchiefs were allowed. 334 00:22:14,370 --> 00:22:18,540 After the shower, we received new numbers, each his own. 335 00:22:18,540 --> 00:22:22,093 I got 11424. 336 00:22:23,980 --> 00:22:26,800 I walked naked with only a number in my hand 337 00:22:26,800 --> 00:22:27,850 to the next lavatory. 338 00:22:35,158 --> 00:22:39,150 Clothes were already prepared and set on a bench. 339 00:22:39,150 --> 00:22:42,400 It was a short fustian shirt with blue stripes 340 00:22:42,400 --> 00:22:44,470 and a few holes here and there. 341 00:22:44,470 --> 00:22:46,250 I felt that everything 342 00:22:46,250 --> 00:22:48,780 but my mind and heart had underwent 343 00:22:48,780 --> 00:22:51,793 some kind of bizarre transformation. 344 00:22:51,793 --> 00:22:52,800 (speaking in foreign language) 345 00:22:52,800 --> 00:22:57,010 I arrived at Dachau on April 26th of 1945 346 00:22:57,010 --> 00:23:00,263 and I was already sick with typhus. 347 00:23:02,050 --> 00:23:05,440 A prisoner has no rights other than the right to die. 348 00:23:05,440 --> 00:23:07,090 For him, liberation and freedom 349 00:23:07,090 --> 00:23:10,204 means passing through the chimney of the crematorium. 350 00:23:10,204 --> 00:23:13,470 The law is equality before death of starvation, 351 00:23:13,470 --> 00:23:16,260 exhaustion, or of other causes. 352 00:23:16,260 --> 00:23:19,500 Who you were and how you had lived 353 00:23:19,500 --> 00:23:22,180 has to be immediately forgotten. 354 00:23:22,180 --> 00:23:24,370 Here, you are just a number. 355 00:23:24,370 --> 00:23:27,568 The instinct of self-preservation should show the prisoner 356 00:23:27,568 --> 00:23:31,480 ways to instantly adapt to the circumstances 357 00:23:31,480 --> 00:23:34,960 and surroundings with no objection or criticism. 358 00:23:34,960 --> 00:23:37,240 It is best not to think. 359 00:23:37,240 --> 00:23:41,110 Here, those who cannot handle the mental stress 360 00:23:41,110 --> 00:23:43,991 are generally the ones to die. 361 00:23:43,991 --> 00:23:47,574 (intense orchestral music) 362 00:23:51,991 --> 00:23:55,320 - Most people who are survivors, 363 00:23:55,320 --> 00:23:57,193 they call themselves prisoners. 364 00:23:58,760 --> 00:24:03,173 I don't use that word because we were slave laborers. 365 00:24:05,090 --> 00:24:07,040 The Germans needed us 366 00:24:07,040 --> 00:24:09,890 because most of the Germans were on the front. 367 00:24:09,890 --> 00:24:11,050 (speaking in foreign language) 368 00:24:11,050 --> 00:24:13,740 - [Translator] Father Wincenty Frelichowski 369 00:24:13,740 --> 00:24:14,803 was in my chamber. 370 00:24:16,320 --> 00:24:19,083 He was known for being very religious and calm. 371 00:24:21,930 --> 00:24:26,190 In the evenings as we laid down to sleep, 372 00:24:26,190 --> 00:24:28,683 he would lead us in evening prayer. 373 00:24:30,750 --> 00:24:33,880 He even had the Holy Sacrament 374 00:24:33,880 --> 00:24:35,643 with which he would bless us all. 375 00:24:37,850 --> 00:24:40,370 Then when typhus broke out, 376 00:24:40,370 --> 00:24:42,470 people were dying in the barrack. 377 00:24:42,470 --> 00:24:44,260 For the sick, what to do? 378 00:24:44,260 --> 00:24:46,370 He said, "I'll go." 379 00:24:46,370 --> 00:24:48,330 And he went and preached 380 00:24:48,330 --> 00:24:50,513 and prepared the sick for death. 381 00:24:51,890 --> 00:24:55,640 He contracted the disease there and died. 382 00:24:55,640 --> 00:24:57,190 - Daily life in concentration camp. 383 00:24:57,190 --> 00:24:59,571 Get up five o'clock in the morning. 384 00:24:59,571 --> 00:25:00,960 Appellplatz, (speaking in foreign language). 385 00:25:01,970 --> 00:25:04,350 They were torturing you for a couple hours 386 00:25:04,350 --> 00:25:07,070 and then we had to go to work. 387 00:25:07,070 --> 00:25:10,520 12 hours work a day without food. 388 00:25:10,520 --> 00:25:13,190 Only when we came back in the evening, 389 00:25:13,190 --> 00:25:15,620 appellplatz again, torturing again, 390 00:25:15,620 --> 00:25:19,370 and then got some soup and a slice of bread, 391 00:25:19,370 --> 00:25:20,363 some margarine. 392 00:25:22,871 --> 00:25:24,850 (speaking in foreign language) 393 00:25:24,850 --> 00:25:27,453 - [Translator] The day in the life of a prisoner. 394 00:25:28,470 --> 00:25:31,520 Wake up at 5:00 a.m., 395 00:25:31,520 --> 00:25:34,283 shower, then make the bed. 396 00:25:36,240 --> 00:25:40,470 After receiving nothing but black coffee, 397 00:25:40,470 --> 00:25:43,593 you march to the roll call square, 398 00:25:44,700 --> 00:25:48,125 where standing in rows, 399 00:25:48,125 --> 00:25:53,125 the inmates are meticulously counted. 400 00:25:53,608 --> 00:25:57,583 (speaking in foreign language) 401 00:25:57,583 --> 00:26:00,320 - We had to be counted on the appellplatz 402 00:26:00,320 --> 00:26:02,580 to count how many people died 403 00:26:02,580 --> 00:26:04,323 and how many people are alive. 404 00:26:05,297 --> 00:26:06,980 (speaking in foreign language) 405 00:26:06,980 --> 00:26:10,000 - [Translator] After a thorough inspection, 406 00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:12,188 the kapo would sound a whistle, 407 00:26:12,188 --> 00:26:13,940 (whistle blowing) 408 00:26:13,940 --> 00:26:16,310 and every prisoner would head out 409 00:26:16,310 --> 00:26:18,253 to their designated work area. 410 00:26:20,116 --> 00:26:21,897 - And when the German officer was satisfied 411 00:26:26,570 --> 00:26:29,080 that the numbers were the same as the day before 412 00:26:29,080 --> 00:26:31,770 between the deadlines and the live ones, 413 00:26:31,770 --> 00:26:33,059 we started to march. 414 00:26:33,059 --> 00:26:34,867 (dog barking) 415 00:26:34,867 --> 00:26:37,017 And we came to a place called (indistinct). 416 00:26:37,915 --> 00:26:39,160 In (indistinct), 417 00:26:39,160 --> 00:26:43,083 they were building a special underground factory. 418 00:26:44,165 --> 00:26:45,710 (speaking in foreign language) 419 00:26:45,710 --> 00:26:47,870 - [Translator] We were placed in block four. 420 00:26:47,870 --> 00:26:52,810 We were young, 14, 15, 13 years old. 421 00:26:52,810 --> 00:26:56,070 They designated us to work in the sewing workshop 422 00:26:56,070 --> 00:26:59,048 where we were taught how to patch camp clothing. 423 00:26:59,048 --> 00:27:00,960 (speaking in foreign language) 424 00:27:00,960 --> 00:27:03,433 There was a kapo in the sewing workshop. 425 00:27:04,300 --> 00:27:05,330 He was a Russian. 426 00:27:05,330 --> 00:27:08,620 One time, the chief's jumper went missing 427 00:27:08,620 --> 00:27:10,523 and the kapo pointed to me. 428 00:27:12,137 --> 00:27:13,476 As punishment, 429 00:27:13,476 --> 00:27:16,720 the chief move me to barrack number nine 430 00:27:16,720 --> 00:27:20,250 where those six typhus were located. 431 00:27:20,250 --> 00:27:23,890 Among the bedridden were Polish and Czech priests, 432 00:27:23,890 --> 00:27:28,033 Russians, and people of different nationalities. 433 00:27:29,001 --> 00:27:32,918 (speaking in foreign language) 434 00:27:35,720 --> 00:27:40,180 The worst unit was the one that collected the dead. 435 00:27:40,180 --> 00:27:42,870 You would have to ride from barrack to barrack 436 00:27:42,870 --> 00:27:46,263 in a very large vehicle and gather the bodies. 437 00:27:47,630 --> 00:27:50,683 I served in this unit for 14 days. 438 00:27:55,258 --> 00:27:58,841 (intense orchestral music) 439 00:28:02,312 --> 00:28:04,880 - You didn't get any food. 440 00:28:04,880 --> 00:28:06,827 You didn't get any water. 441 00:28:06,827 --> 00:28:08,540 And it didn't work fast enough, 442 00:28:08,540 --> 00:28:09,843 they would beat you. 443 00:28:09,843 --> 00:28:11,550 (speaking in foreign language) 444 00:28:11,550 --> 00:28:14,430 - [Translator] There were many cruel punishments. 445 00:28:14,430 --> 00:28:16,830 During the most painful one, 446 00:28:16,830 --> 00:28:19,760 prisoners were taken to the bath area 447 00:28:20,630 --> 00:28:25,090 where they were hung on special hooks by their hands. 448 00:28:25,090 --> 00:28:29,313 You could hear drops of sweat falling on the floor. 449 00:28:31,900 --> 00:28:35,390 - I stole a piece of bread from the German officer 450 00:28:35,390 --> 00:28:38,680 that I saw or maybe he was just a plain soldier 451 00:28:38,680 --> 00:28:40,380 that he laid it down on the table. 452 00:28:41,329 --> 00:28:43,140 And I was punished for that. 453 00:28:43,140 --> 00:28:46,547 - [Translator] Stanislaw Gresiuk in his book recalls, 454 00:28:46,547 --> 00:28:49,540 "I once had a dreadful encounter next to that chest. 455 00:28:49,540 --> 00:28:50,373 Inside it, 456 00:28:50,373 --> 00:28:51,720 I found a large amount of paper 457 00:28:51,720 --> 00:28:53,830 thickly covered in cheese curd. 458 00:28:53,830 --> 00:28:55,960 I snatched some of it, turned around, 459 00:28:55,960 --> 00:28:58,460 and walked straight into an SS man. 460 00:28:58,460 --> 00:29:00,980 At first, he beat me calmly and steadily. 461 00:29:00,980 --> 00:29:04,530 However, he gradually became more eager with his blows. 462 00:29:04,530 --> 00:29:06,060 He became vicious. 463 00:29:06,060 --> 00:29:08,730 He grabbed a peg thicker than a leg of a table 464 00:29:08,730 --> 00:29:10,320 and beat me with it. 465 00:29:10,320 --> 00:29:12,530 When I saw him with foam in his mouth 466 00:29:12,530 --> 00:29:14,050 hitting me with the peg, 467 00:29:14,050 --> 00:29:17,910 I thought he had gone mad and now he was going to kill me. 468 00:29:17,910 --> 00:29:21,660 Not for a moment did I think it would end in any other way. 469 00:29:21,660 --> 00:29:23,010 There were SS men 470 00:29:23,010 --> 00:29:25,890 who would commit to killing 10 people a day, 471 00:29:25,890 --> 00:29:26,983 and they did. 472 00:29:30,290 --> 00:29:33,660 In order to increase the efficiency of the German soldier, 473 00:29:33,660 --> 00:29:35,310 Headquarters of the Third Reich 474 00:29:35,310 --> 00:29:38,740 commissioned a series of pseudo-medical experiments. 475 00:29:38,740 --> 00:29:39,850 Returning to our block, 476 00:29:39,850 --> 00:29:42,260 we were met with the horrible surprise. 477 00:29:42,260 --> 00:29:44,870 While being inspected by the oberkapo 478 00:29:44,870 --> 00:29:46,740 of the camp hospital, Zimmermann, 479 00:29:46,740 --> 00:29:49,160 who often worked as a local surgeon, 480 00:29:49,160 --> 00:29:52,864 he ordered the numbers of the chosen prisoners to be noted. 481 00:29:52,864 --> 00:29:54,180 (speaking in foreign language) 482 00:29:54,180 --> 00:29:55,940 As we're standing there, 483 00:29:55,940 --> 00:29:59,330 he selects 10 to 15 young people from our unit 484 00:30:00,310 --> 00:30:03,290 and takes them to the camp hospital 485 00:30:03,290 --> 00:30:05,773 where they become guinea pigs. 486 00:30:07,460 --> 00:30:10,340 An eerie stillness hung over the room. 487 00:30:10,340 --> 00:30:13,180 Within me, a dead silence. 488 00:30:13,180 --> 00:30:17,900 Healthy prisoners were injected with phlegmon and oil. 489 00:30:19,650 --> 00:30:21,340 They began to draw numbers. 490 00:30:21,340 --> 00:30:24,130 Once they finished, the chosen ones were taken away. 491 00:30:24,130 --> 00:30:25,310 Where did they go? 492 00:30:25,310 --> 00:30:28,650 First, on an operating table, it was quick. 493 00:30:28,650 --> 00:30:31,690 An SS man painfully punctured the right thigh, 494 00:30:31,690 --> 00:30:34,310 a powerful injection. 495 00:30:34,310 --> 00:30:37,893 (intense orchestral music) 496 00:31:09,418 --> 00:31:10,570 (aircraft whirring) 497 00:31:10,570 --> 00:31:12,640 The Luftwaffe commissions experiments 498 00:31:12,640 --> 00:31:15,880 that are potentially useful for the German Air Force. 499 00:31:15,880 --> 00:31:19,000 A large amount of prisoners die in brutal ways. 500 00:31:19,000 --> 00:31:22,650 Doctors gather information about pressure chamber tests 501 00:31:22,650 --> 00:31:27,283 and how long humans are capable of survival in cold water. 502 00:31:28,540 --> 00:31:32,893 Healthy patients were frozen in pools with cold water. 503 00:31:33,890 --> 00:31:37,163 They were testing how humans react to cold temperatures. 504 00:31:38,763 --> 00:31:42,346 (intense orchestral music) 505 00:31:45,090 --> 00:31:49,040 Approximately 6,000 prisoners took part in the experiments, 506 00:31:49,040 --> 00:31:53,450 of which as many as 2,000 people did not survive. 507 00:31:53,450 --> 00:31:56,220 Harsh conditions and massive overcrowding in the camp 508 00:31:56,220 --> 00:31:59,963 by the end of the war caused the outbreak of typhoid fever. 509 00:32:03,290 --> 00:32:04,730 Starting with a high fever, 510 00:32:04,730 --> 00:32:07,600 severe headaches, and rapid breathing, 511 00:32:07,600 --> 00:32:09,750 after about five days, 512 00:32:09,750 --> 00:32:12,730 the illness causes substantial weight loss, 513 00:32:12,730 --> 00:32:14,663 usually leading to death. 514 00:32:18,678 --> 00:32:22,261 - At the end almost before liberation time, 515 00:32:23,650 --> 00:32:26,023 I contracted typhoid fever. 516 00:32:27,920 --> 00:32:28,873 You call it typhus. 517 00:32:32,219 --> 00:32:34,240 Again, my father, the angel, 518 00:32:34,240 --> 00:32:38,573 managed to save me because there was no medicine. 519 00:32:39,490 --> 00:32:41,500 After his working day, 520 00:32:41,500 --> 00:32:45,763 he would come at night to the special sick barrack 521 00:32:45,763 --> 00:32:47,983 and bring me a cup of hot water. 522 00:32:49,890 --> 00:32:53,140 And that's what saved me was the hot water 523 00:32:53,140 --> 00:32:55,833 on a daily basis for almost two weeks. 524 00:32:58,230 --> 00:32:59,840 - [Translator] Spring of 1945, 525 00:32:59,840 --> 00:33:02,523 the American Army is closing in on Munich. 526 00:33:05,070 --> 00:33:06,140 Under Himmler's orders, 527 00:33:06,140 --> 00:33:09,564 no prisoner can fall into the hands of the enemy alive. 528 00:33:09,564 --> 00:33:10,580 (speaking in foreign language) 529 00:33:10,580 --> 00:33:12,270 Before our release, 530 00:33:12,270 --> 00:33:14,900 I was part of a group in Dachau 531 00:33:14,900 --> 00:33:17,993 whose goal was to contact the American Army. 532 00:33:19,250 --> 00:33:21,130 We begged them to come 533 00:33:21,130 --> 00:33:24,250 and free the camp as quickly as they could 534 00:33:25,154 --> 00:33:27,253 because we did not know what lay ahead, 535 00:33:28,090 --> 00:33:30,503 life or extermination. 536 00:33:32,410 --> 00:33:34,360 (explosions blasting) 537 00:33:34,360 --> 00:33:37,540 The sounds of guns and machine guns filled the camp. 538 00:33:37,540 --> 00:33:40,826 Countless SS men reinforced the watchtowers. 539 00:33:40,826 --> 00:33:43,370 (speaking in foreign language) 540 00:33:43,370 --> 00:33:45,650 I escaped from the unit with my friend 541 00:33:45,650 --> 00:33:47,533 near the city of Wolfratshausen. 542 00:33:48,680 --> 00:33:51,540 The unit continued forward towards the Alps 543 00:33:51,540 --> 00:33:54,090 where it would reach its destination, (indistinct). 544 00:33:56,360 --> 00:33:59,330 My friend told me that when we reached the mountains, 545 00:33:59,330 --> 00:34:01,202 they would kill us. 546 00:34:01,202 --> 00:34:05,680 We knew the war was ending and we needed to survive, 547 00:34:05,680 --> 00:34:06,683 so we ran. 548 00:34:07,848 --> 00:34:11,765 (speaking in foreign language) 549 00:34:13,390 --> 00:34:14,350 Morning came 550 00:34:14,350 --> 00:34:16,300 and blocks still capable of walking 551 00:34:16,300 --> 00:34:18,800 gathered on the main square. 552 00:34:18,800 --> 00:34:21,290 People were saying the camp was being evacuated 553 00:34:21,290 --> 00:34:23,160 to the Tyrol mountains, 554 00:34:23,160 --> 00:34:25,470 a journey to be made on foot. 555 00:34:25,470 --> 00:34:27,970 The square was covered in piles of garbage, 556 00:34:27,970 --> 00:34:30,150 clothes, fires, and junk. 557 00:34:30,150 --> 00:34:31,690 Documents from (indistinct) 558 00:34:31,690 --> 00:34:35,060 and prisoner files were being hastily burned. 559 00:34:35,060 --> 00:34:37,960 Allies' spy planes were circling above the camp, 560 00:34:37,960 --> 00:34:41,020 destroying the local lines of communication, 561 00:34:41,020 --> 00:34:44,160 attacking columns of troops and motor vehicles. 562 00:34:44,160 --> 00:34:47,540 Each prisoner had two rolled up blankets and a package. 563 00:34:47,540 --> 00:34:50,090 No food for the journey was distributed. 564 00:34:50,090 --> 00:34:51,430 After a few hours, 565 00:34:51,430 --> 00:34:53,860 we were ordered to head back to our blocks. 566 00:34:53,860 --> 00:34:55,870 Saturday morning, once more, 567 00:34:55,870 --> 00:34:57,990 we gathered in the main square 568 00:34:57,990 --> 00:35:02,212 and told that there would be no further evacuation. 569 00:35:02,212 --> 00:35:05,100 (explosions blasting) 570 00:35:05,100 --> 00:35:07,080 Owing to the ongoing battles, 571 00:35:07,080 --> 00:35:09,250 the slowly retreating German Army 572 00:35:09,250 --> 00:35:13,029 cannot execute a proper evacuation of the camp 573 00:35:13,029 --> 00:35:18,029 (orchestral music) (explosions blasting) 574 00:35:28,650 --> 00:35:30,930 Headquarters makes an equally dreadful decision 575 00:35:30,930 --> 00:35:33,000 to follow through with Himmler's order 576 00:35:33,000 --> 00:35:34,830 and at all costs prevent prisoners 577 00:35:34,830 --> 00:35:37,373 from falling into the hands of the allies. 578 00:35:38,233 --> 00:35:39,620 (speaking in foreign language) 579 00:35:39,620 --> 00:35:40,800 April 29th, 580 00:35:40,800 --> 00:35:44,803 it turned out that we were all supposed to be exterminated. 581 00:35:46,070 --> 00:35:48,420 Traveling commands would constantly return 582 00:35:48,420 --> 00:35:50,880 to say the camp is surrounded, 583 00:35:50,880 --> 00:35:52,330 that behind its walls, 584 00:35:52,330 --> 00:35:54,870 there is only chaos and panic. 585 00:35:54,870 --> 00:35:56,380 Everyone is fleeing, 586 00:35:56,380 --> 00:35:58,850 even external sectors working in companies 587 00:35:58,850 --> 00:36:01,063 and establishments located near the camp. 588 00:36:08,780 --> 00:36:13,190 Thousands of prisoners starved, dirty, 589 00:36:13,190 --> 00:36:17,025 and exhausted had become mere shadows. 590 00:36:17,025 --> 00:36:20,608 (intense orchestral music) 591 00:36:23,700 --> 00:36:27,890 Suddenly at 5:30 p.m. in the closest area of the camp, 592 00:36:27,890 --> 00:36:29,795 a shootout erupted. 593 00:36:29,795 --> 00:36:32,712 (gunfire blasting) 594 00:36:40,790 --> 00:36:43,600 - I was with the 20th Armored Division. 595 00:36:43,600 --> 00:36:48,000 We came into the camp on April 29th, 1945. 596 00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:49,810 - [Translator] When the American soldiers 597 00:36:49,810 --> 00:36:51,030 entered through the gate, 598 00:36:51,030 --> 00:36:56,020 they had no idea they were crossing over into another world, 599 00:36:56,020 --> 00:36:59,640 a world where the human life was insignificant. 600 00:36:59,640 --> 00:37:02,941 - Our tank smashed the barbed wire 601 00:37:02,941 --> 00:37:07,840 and the infantry from the 42nd and 45th Divisions 602 00:37:07,840 --> 00:37:10,000 rode in on top of our tanks. 603 00:37:10,000 --> 00:37:10,990 - [Translator] We didn't see it 604 00:37:10,990 --> 00:37:14,450 until we actually got to the barbed wire fence. 605 00:37:14,450 --> 00:37:16,220 It was very quiet. 606 00:37:16,220 --> 00:37:18,260 Nothing was happening. 607 00:37:18,260 --> 00:37:21,400 Many of our men became distraught. 608 00:37:21,400 --> 00:37:24,357 Some cried while others raged. 609 00:37:24,357 --> 00:37:27,940 (intense orchestral music) 610 00:37:39,014 --> 00:37:40,310 - It was incredible. 611 00:37:40,310 --> 00:37:42,270 We had no idea what was here. 612 00:37:42,270 --> 00:37:44,315 The whole thing was a surprise. 613 00:37:44,315 --> 00:37:47,815 (somber orchestral music) 614 00:37:59,035 --> 00:38:02,618 (intense orchestral music) 615 00:38:09,470 --> 00:38:10,730 - [Translator] When we got to the camp, 616 00:38:10,730 --> 00:38:14,970 the first thing we saw was a string of 39 railway cars 617 00:38:14,970 --> 00:38:17,670 all filled with human bodies. 618 00:38:17,670 --> 00:38:19,430 All dead. 619 00:38:19,430 --> 00:38:24,290 I think there were about 2,000 dead bodies. 620 00:38:24,290 --> 00:38:25,713 It stunned us. 621 00:38:26,590 --> 00:38:29,070 The men were looking pretty mad. 622 00:38:29,070 --> 00:38:31,800 They were hardened combat veterans. 623 00:38:31,800 --> 00:38:33,430 They didn't say much, 624 00:38:33,430 --> 00:38:35,053 but there was a lot of cursing, 625 00:38:36,060 --> 00:38:37,820 quite a bit of silence, 626 00:38:37,820 --> 00:38:39,613 and some men started crying. 627 00:38:41,194 --> 00:38:43,660 (speaking in foreign language) 628 00:38:43,660 --> 00:38:48,370 Suddenly, I see SS men from the tower near barrack 28 629 00:38:48,370 --> 00:38:51,113 firing shots at American soldiers. 630 00:38:51,960 --> 00:38:53,300 A moment later, 631 00:38:53,300 --> 00:38:57,060 they cease fire and hang up a white flag. 632 00:38:57,060 --> 00:38:58,857 They are surrendering. 633 00:39:01,734 --> 00:39:05,234 (somber orchestral music) 634 00:39:20,449 --> 00:39:21,788 - [Male Speaker] Dachau concentration camp, 635 00:39:21,788 --> 00:39:23,301 Professor Popovitch. 636 00:39:23,301 --> 00:39:24,922 Yugoslavian. 637 00:39:24,922 --> 00:39:28,710 - I earned my BA at the University of Cambridge, 638 00:39:28,710 --> 00:39:32,160 a Doctorate of Philosophy at the University of London, 639 00:39:32,160 --> 00:39:35,223 and the Professor of English in the University of Belgrade. 640 00:39:36,100 --> 00:39:41,100 I was put into prison by the German authorities 641 00:39:43,005 --> 00:39:47,140 as soon as they arrived to Belgrade. 642 00:39:47,140 --> 00:39:52,140 The reason for my arrest was that I was an anglophile. 643 00:39:53,700 --> 00:39:56,120 I was actually before the war 644 00:39:56,120 --> 00:39:58,980 General Secretary of the Society of Friends 645 00:39:58,980 --> 00:40:02,220 of Great Britain and America in Yugoslavia. 646 00:40:02,220 --> 00:40:05,743 And the co-editor of an anglophile periodical 647 00:40:06,808 --> 00:40:08,297 called (indistinct). 648 00:40:08,297 --> 00:40:11,797 (somber orchestral music) 649 00:40:27,220 --> 00:40:28,520 - [Translator] All of a sudden, 650 00:40:28,520 --> 00:40:32,160 a few American soldiers burst through the camp gate 651 00:40:32,160 --> 00:40:34,050 and entered the square. 652 00:40:34,050 --> 00:40:36,960 A crowd of prisoners emerged from various hideouts 653 00:40:36,960 --> 00:40:40,930 and ran towards them with screams of joy and excitement. 654 00:40:40,930 --> 00:40:43,360 They cheered as they carried their saviors 655 00:40:43,360 --> 00:40:44,680 around the square. 656 00:40:44,680 --> 00:40:45,760 - They were just wonderful. 657 00:40:45,760 --> 00:40:47,700 They gave us a big hug and everything. 658 00:40:47,700 --> 00:40:49,420 They couldn't believe we were here 659 00:40:49,420 --> 00:40:52,410 and that their terrible time had come to an end. 660 00:40:52,410 --> 00:40:55,520 - [Translator] 32,000 tormented starving prisoners 661 00:40:55,520 --> 00:40:59,390 mad with bliss falling into each other's arms, 662 00:40:59,390 --> 00:41:01,550 kissing, crying. 663 00:41:01,550 --> 00:41:03,270 The slavery is over. 664 00:41:03,270 --> 00:41:06,713 Long live the victorious American Army that brought freedom. 665 00:41:08,539 --> 00:41:12,039 (somber orchestral music) 666 00:41:28,200 --> 00:41:31,066 - We saw and talked to many prisoners. 667 00:41:31,066 --> 00:41:33,400 We were told not to feed them too much. 668 00:41:33,400 --> 00:41:35,152 They would get sick. 669 00:41:35,152 --> 00:41:38,652 (somber orchestral music) 670 00:41:51,724 --> 00:41:55,474 We were able to walk down to the crematorium. 671 00:41:56,743 --> 00:42:00,243 (somber orchestral music) 672 00:42:07,291 --> 00:42:10,550 - The wording was freeze the prisoners in place 673 00:42:10,550 --> 00:42:12,905 so that they would not get out. 674 00:42:12,905 --> 00:42:17,340 Many of them had typhus and they needed medical attention. 675 00:42:17,340 --> 00:42:19,290 They needed food, they needed care, 676 00:42:19,290 --> 00:42:21,210 and they didn't need to spread out all over 677 00:42:21,210 --> 00:42:23,433 the camp and the town. 678 00:42:25,130 --> 00:42:25,990 (speaking in foreign language) 679 00:42:25,990 --> 00:42:28,190 - [Translator] When the Americans entered the camp, 680 00:42:28,190 --> 00:42:30,830 they were terrified by what they saw. 681 00:42:30,830 --> 00:42:33,200 They said they had never before witnessed 682 00:42:33,200 --> 00:42:36,883 the type of savagery that took place in Dachau. 683 00:42:37,720 --> 00:42:41,473 They said that Dachau and death are synonymous. 684 00:42:42,920 --> 00:42:44,320 - We were allowed to walk around 685 00:42:44,320 --> 00:42:45,510 and say hello to people, 686 00:42:45,510 --> 00:42:47,020 give them some food. 687 00:42:47,020 --> 00:42:49,630 And then our officers came 688 00:42:49,630 --> 00:42:52,170 and said we had to get out of the camp and go on. 689 00:42:52,170 --> 00:42:55,642 And we captured Munich at that point. 690 00:42:55,642 --> 00:42:59,142 (somber orchestral music) 691 00:43:03,730 --> 00:43:08,489 - Many years ago now when I was in the forces to Belsen 692 00:43:08,489 --> 00:43:12,804 and I can remember seeing the chairs covered in human skin, 693 00:43:12,804 --> 00:43:15,810 and the large vats of fat 694 00:43:15,810 --> 00:43:20,810 which would have been boiled for fuel, 695 00:43:20,881 --> 00:43:25,881 and large mounds which said here lie toten 500,000 people. 696 00:43:28,595 --> 00:43:32,095 (somber orchestral music) 697 00:44:43,373 --> 00:44:44,350 (speaking in foreign language) 698 00:44:44,350 --> 00:44:47,350 - [Translator] I survived this only because of God, 699 00:44:47,350 --> 00:44:51,241 because I kept praying to return to Warsaw. 700 00:44:51,241 --> 00:44:55,158 (speaking in foreign language) 701 00:44:56,110 --> 00:44:58,974 I can't believe I survived. 702 00:44:58,974 --> 00:45:03,974 (Zeira crying) (orchestral music) 703 00:45:04,150 --> 00:45:08,292 God bless you that I can tell you all about it. 704 00:45:08,292 --> 00:45:11,875 (intense orchestral music) 705 00:45:12,940 --> 00:45:16,930 Finding themselves in this dreadful situation 706 00:45:16,930 --> 00:45:20,343 and having to live in awful camp conditions, 707 00:45:21,320 --> 00:45:24,730 many prisoners lost faith in God, 708 00:45:24,730 --> 00:45:27,160 while others felt his presence 709 00:45:27,160 --> 00:45:29,333 and strengthened their belief. 710 00:45:30,478 --> 00:45:32,210 - When it started, I was 13. 711 00:45:32,210 --> 00:45:34,650 And when the war ended, I was 17, 712 00:45:34,650 --> 00:45:37,100 so you can imagine four years as a kid 713 00:45:37,100 --> 00:45:40,550 in several concentration camps without parents, 714 00:45:40,550 --> 00:45:42,810 without food, hard labor. 715 00:45:42,810 --> 00:45:44,720 And I'm still alive. 716 00:45:44,720 --> 00:45:46,151 Today, I'm 82. 717 00:45:46,151 --> 00:45:47,760 It's a miracle. 718 00:45:47,760 --> 00:45:50,370 - After the war, I asked the same question 719 00:45:50,370 --> 00:45:52,500 and I still ask the same question today 720 00:45:52,500 --> 00:45:53,550 of the German people. 721 00:45:54,950 --> 00:45:59,950 How is it possible that an educated country, 722 00:46:02,870 --> 00:46:07,870 an educated people with great history behind them, 723 00:46:10,520 --> 00:46:13,637 how could they allow this to happen? 724 00:46:14,660 --> 00:46:18,160 (somber orchestral music) 725 00:46:21,081 --> 00:46:22,610 (speaking in foreign language) 726 00:46:22,610 --> 00:46:25,930 - [Translator] What happened in Dachau was inhumane. 727 00:46:25,930 --> 00:46:29,150 People were hanged, used in medical experiments. 728 00:46:29,150 --> 00:46:31,013 They were cruelly tormented. 729 00:46:35,870 --> 00:46:38,200 - How was it possible to tell 730 00:46:39,160 --> 00:46:40,940 that you didn't know anything about it, 731 00:46:40,940 --> 00:46:45,613 that you never saw us when you say us on a daily basis? 732 00:46:48,060 --> 00:46:53,060 There is no answer other than they were forced, 733 00:46:54,200 --> 00:46:56,583 but they didn't care. 734 00:46:58,170 --> 00:47:01,420 I think it's more that they really didn't care 735 00:47:01,420 --> 00:47:03,263 because we were not Germans. 736 00:47:05,022 --> 00:47:07,477 We were just slaves and numbers. 737 00:47:10,081 --> 00:47:13,581 (somber orchestral music) 738 00:47:54,097 --> 00:47:57,097 (soft choral music) 739 00:48:45,440 --> 00:48:46,990 - [Translator] The people from nearby cities 740 00:48:46,990 --> 00:48:48,740 were forced to enter the camp 741 00:48:49,600 --> 00:48:52,083 to see the true face of Adolf Hitler. 742 00:48:57,210 --> 00:48:59,130 Soldiers were ordered to document 743 00:48:59,130 --> 00:49:02,150 everything they found in the camp 744 00:49:02,150 --> 00:49:05,060 so nobody would ever question the terror 745 00:49:05,060 --> 00:49:09,650 and savagery that took place in German concentration camps. 746 00:49:09,650 --> 00:49:13,150 (somber orchestral music) 747 00:50:09,748 --> 00:50:14,498 (moves to deliberative orchestral music)