WEBVTT FILE 1 00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:07.000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08.000 --> 00:00:13.000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:26.233 --> 00:00:29.400 [man 1] Good evening, a great white shark has been hunted, caught 4 00:00:29.433 --> 00:00:32.633 and killed after a horrifying attack near Mandurah. 5 00:00:32.667 --> 00:00:35.200 The shark was hooked on drumlines off Falcon 6 00:00:35.233 --> 00:00:36.600 and towed out to sea, 7 00:00:36.633 --> 00:00:38.067 but there's no confirmation 8 00:00:38.100 --> 00:00:41.133 it was the shark that attacked the surfer. 9 00:00:41.167 --> 00:00:45.200 [Eric Bana] Our whole lives, we've been taught to fear them. 10 00:00:45.233 --> 00:00:47.233 Good evening, two surfers have been injured. 11 00:00:47.267 --> 00:00:48.967 -A shark attack. -Multiple attacks. 12 00:00:49.000 --> 00:00:51.600 -Bitten by a shark. -Mauled by a shark. 13 00:00:51.633 --> 00:00:56.767 [Bana] Monsters, murderers, man-eaters. 14 00:00:56.800 --> 00:00:58.267 -Shark attack. -Shark attacks. 15 00:00:58.300 --> 00:01:00.067 -A shark attack. -Two shark attacks. 16 00:01:00.067 --> 00:01:01.433 [man 1] Terror in the shallows. 17 00:01:01.467 --> 00:01:03.967 [Bana] But what if we've been taught wrong? 18 00:01:04.067 --> 00:01:06.867 What if the very thing you were taught to fear 19 00:01:06.900 --> 00:01:08.833 had more to fear from us? 20 00:01:08.867 --> 00:01:10.200 -Great white... -[man] Shark attack... 21 00:01:10.233 --> 00:01:11.233 -A great white... -Shark attack. 22 00:01:11.267 --> 00:01:12.967 -[woman] Two shark attacks. -Bitten by a shark. 23 00:01:13.067 --> 00:01:15.967 [Bana] What if we knew we had a greater chance of being killed 24 00:01:16.067 --> 00:01:18.367 by almost any other animal on Earth 25 00:01:18.400 --> 00:01:22.633 than by one of nature's oldest and most evolved species? 26 00:01:22.667 --> 00:01:24.233 -Bitten by [inaudible]. -Shark attack. 27 00:01:24.267 --> 00:01:27.733 [indistinct conversations] 28 00:01:27.767 --> 00:01:31.933 [Bana] What if our ignorance is about to wipe them out? 29 00:01:31.967 --> 00:01:35.900 Not in 100 years, not in 50 years. 30 00:01:36.933 --> 00:01:41.100 This generation. Right now. 31 00:01:45.700 --> 00:01:48.233 They can't speak for themselves. 32 00:01:48.267 --> 00:01:52.133 So we must be their envoy. 33 00:01:56.233 --> 00:02:00.067 [mellow theme music playing] 34 00:02:22.067 --> 00:02:23.833 [Layne Beachley] I feel that one of the greatest ways 35 00:02:23.867 --> 00:02:27.600 that we can overcome our fear of the unknown is get to know it. 36 00:02:27.633 --> 00:02:29.067 One of the greatest ways 37 00:02:29.067 --> 00:02:31.333 I've been able to reduce my fear of sharks, 38 00:02:31.367 --> 00:02:33.100 is swimming with them. 39 00:02:33.133 --> 00:02:36.867 Getting to understand their gentle, curious nature, 40 00:02:36.900 --> 00:02:39.200 it was one of the most beautiful things 41 00:02:39.233 --> 00:02:40.300 I ever had to do 42 00:02:40.333 --> 00:02:42.400 was just actually sit underneath a bull shark 43 00:02:42.433 --> 00:02:45.100 and watch it gracefully glide around over the top of me, 44 00:02:45.133 --> 00:02:46.333 it was just so beautiful. 45 00:02:46.367 --> 00:02:50.633 I never ever have experienced a fear of a shark since then. 46 00:03:01.667 --> 00:03:04.067 [Juan Oliphant] So pretty much, you know, raised in Hawaii 47 00:03:04.067 --> 00:03:05.567 since I was two. 48 00:03:05.600 --> 00:03:08.800 You know, I had seen them as a lot as a kid, you know, spearfishing, 49 00:03:08.833 --> 00:03:11.567 and I still was really, really kind of a afraid of them. 50 00:03:11.600 --> 00:03:14.733 But it wasn't until I had a really bad accident where I broke my back. 51 00:03:14.767 --> 00:03:18.700 And it left me paralyzed for almost a good portion 52 00:03:18.733 --> 00:03:22.700 of three or four months and the remedy that really, 53 00:03:22.733 --> 00:03:25.900 that made the healing process get better was the diving. 54 00:03:27.967 --> 00:03:30.067 And so now I was getting engaged in diving, 55 00:03:30.067 --> 00:03:33.200 like almost every day trying to get my back to normal. 56 00:03:33.233 --> 00:03:36.467 And the interactions with sharks were a little bit more consistent, 57 00:03:36.500 --> 00:03:38.233 and they were far, far, far 58 00:03:38.267 --> 00:03:40.933 from what I was told what I saw on TV, you know, 59 00:03:40.967 --> 00:03:43.767 and they were more scared of me than I was of it 60 00:03:43.800 --> 00:03:45.667 and that kind of like, created this passion 61 00:03:45.700 --> 00:03:48.300 and desire to want to learn more. 62 00:03:48.333 --> 00:03:50.967 It's that fear of the unknown, you know, for most people, 63 00:03:51.067 --> 00:03:53.667 and then you have other people trying to fill in the gaps 64 00:03:53.700 --> 00:03:55.233 with that lack of information. 65 00:03:55.267 --> 00:03:58.200 [waves splashing] 66 00:04:02.933 --> 00:04:06.400 So I think a lot of the public fear all has to do with fear of the unknown. 67 00:04:06.433 --> 00:04:10.067 It's that dark basement, or what you can't see in the water, 68 00:04:10.067 --> 00:04:12.600 and the more we understand about sharks 69 00:04:12.633 --> 00:04:14.600 and their motivations and the behaviors, 70 00:04:14.633 --> 00:04:17.133 the more that fear just dissolves away. 71 00:04:17.167 --> 00:04:19.700 I've been with HSI for almost two years now, 72 00:04:19.733 --> 00:04:22.533 I'm a marine biologist and ocean campaigner. 73 00:04:22.567 --> 00:04:26.367 There's been this massive divide lately between science 74 00:04:26.400 --> 00:04:28.967 and between what's been accepted or what's taken as fact. 75 00:04:29.067 --> 00:04:31.567 And I think just as important as pushing forward 76 00:04:31.600 --> 00:04:34.467 our knowledge and continuing to do science and research, 77 00:04:34.500 --> 00:04:36.233 it's important to bridge that gap. 78 00:04:47.133 --> 00:04:50.800 There's something about, you know, when you're 20 meters underwater, 79 00:04:50.833 --> 00:04:53.767 and you're sitting there with the sharks, they come past you 80 00:04:53.800 --> 00:04:56.500 and their eye swivels around and definitely looks at you. 81 00:04:56.533 --> 00:04:58.067 There's that awareness there. 82 00:04:58.100 --> 00:05:02.733 And it's so calming and quite lovely. 83 00:05:08.733 --> 00:05:11.833 Part of my mission and a lot of scientists out there 84 00:05:11.867 --> 00:05:14.400 and conservationists, and even people who just love sharks 85 00:05:14.433 --> 00:05:15.533 and just love talking about the them, 86 00:05:15.567 --> 00:05:18.200 is to really sell the truth of it. 87 00:05:18.233 --> 00:05:20.800 We've got over 320 odd species of sharks 88 00:05:20.833 --> 00:05:22.267 and Rays in Australia. 89 00:05:22.300 --> 00:05:25.267 You know, half of them aren't found anywhere else in the world. 90 00:05:25.300 --> 00:05:28.933 And the go to species that everyone thinks of 91 00:05:28.967 --> 00:05:30.967 are your tiger sharks, great whites, 92 00:05:31.067 --> 00:05:33.733 are your whale sharks, which are amazing, 93 00:05:33.767 --> 00:05:36.933 and incredibly beautiful in their own right. 94 00:05:36.967 --> 00:05:40.267 But there's also these other species that were just... 95 00:05:40.300 --> 00:05:42.233 the majority people I don't think are aware of. 96 00:05:47.433 --> 00:05:50.133 I grew up in the ocean, and I got to see sharks 97 00:05:50.167 --> 00:05:51.633 for what they naturally were, 98 00:05:51.667 --> 00:05:54.300 which is absolutely beautiful and fascinating. 99 00:05:54.333 --> 00:05:57.333 And as I grew up, I realized how important they were. 100 00:05:57.367 --> 00:05:59.300 I went to school for marine biology. 101 00:05:59.333 --> 00:06:01.067 And as I traveled around the world 102 00:06:01.067 --> 00:06:03.067 and worked around the world, I realized that people 103 00:06:03.100 --> 00:06:06.700 had a very heavy damaging misconception of them, 104 00:06:06.733 --> 00:06:09.133 and that they're actually the real victims 105 00:06:09.167 --> 00:06:11.300 and the ones that have something to fear. 106 00:06:15.800 --> 00:06:17.700 I think for a very long time, 107 00:06:17.733 --> 00:06:19.067 people didn't know very much about sharks. 108 00:06:19.067 --> 00:06:21.833 So it's very easy to be afraid of them, 109 00:06:21.867 --> 00:06:24.500 you're afraid naturally of something that you don't know. 110 00:06:32.867 --> 00:06:34.867 [Holly Richmond] When you see sharks under the water, 111 00:06:34.900 --> 00:06:37.067 they're just so majestic 112 00:06:37.067 --> 00:06:39.267 and actually a lot more scared of us 113 00:06:39.300 --> 00:06:41.867 than what you know what we typically are of them as well. 114 00:06:41.900 --> 00:06:44.333 So getting to know sharks under the water 115 00:06:44.367 --> 00:06:47.067 is probably the best way to meet sharks 116 00:06:47.067 --> 00:06:48.167 and understand them. 117 00:06:54.900 --> 00:06:57.333 There was this moment when I was about 15 years old, 118 00:06:57.367 --> 00:07:00.433 and I was diving with two really big tiger sharks. 119 00:07:00.467 --> 00:07:03.967 And it was just amazing, it was late in the afternoon, the light was beautiful, 120 00:07:04.067 --> 00:07:05.700 and then suddenly they disappeared. 121 00:07:05.733 --> 00:07:07.067 So there's this is anticipation, 122 00:07:07.100 --> 00:07:08.600 and all of a sudden out of the corner of this 123 00:07:08.633 --> 00:07:10.200 great hammerhead swims through, 124 00:07:10.233 --> 00:07:12.333 the middle of the water column, 125 00:07:12.367 --> 00:07:14.433 and its head was as wide as I was tall. 126 00:07:14.467 --> 00:07:16.900 And at first I thought it was a whale, it was that big. 127 00:07:16.933 --> 00:07:19.200 And this creature, this massive creature 128 00:07:19.233 --> 00:07:23.333 that I had been kind of taught by society my entire life to be scared of, 129 00:07:23.367 --> 00:07:25.833 just passed through and didn't even pay attention to me 130 00:07:25.867 --> 00:07:27.133 and it was one of the greatest things 131 00:07:27.167 --> 00:07:29.200 I had ever seen in my entire life. 132 00:07:31.067 --> 00:07:34.300 [waves splashing] 133 00:07:39.733 --> 00:07:42.533 I grew up on the Gold Coast I've been here my entire life. 134 00:07:42.567 --> 00:07:44.133 It's been home. 135 00:07:44.167 --> 00:07:45.967 And I feel like when I was a kid, 136 00:07:46.067 --> 00:07:47.800 I was the only person looking out to sea, 137 00:07:47.833 --> 00:07:49.233 seeing the shark nets and drum lines 138 00:07:49.267 --> 00:07:52.967 and thinking what on earth is going on here? 139 00:07:53.067 --> 00:07:55.067 [Jonathan Clark] When I got involved in the chapter in Brisbane, 140 00:07:55.100 --> 00:07:58.767 I didn't have a lot of knowledge about nets and drum lines. 141 00:07:58.800 --> 00:08:01.967 I was probably typical of a lot of the population. 142 00:08:03.767 --> 00:08:07.700 [Tom Carroll] I learned to surf on this beach, in that water 143 00:08:07.733 --> 00:08:11.200 starting around seven years of age. 144 00:08:11.233 --> 00:08:14.267 To be honest I've never even thought about the shark nets. 145 00:08:15.200 --> 00:08:18.333 I used to use the buoys to paddle around 146 00:08:18.367 --> 00:08:21.467 when we were doing a lot of open ocean paddling. 147 00:08:25.567 --> 00:08:27.967 [Holly] I've been assisting Humpback Whale Research 148 00:08:28.067 --> 00:08:31.667 for the past four years, and particularly on the east coast of Australia, 149 00:08:31.700 --> 00:08:34.533 humpback whales are becoming entangled in shark nets. 150 00:08:34.567 --> 00:08:36.800 And that sparked my interest with shark nets 151 00:08:36.833 --> 00:08:39.267 and exactly what are they and what are the aims 152 00:08:39.300 --> 00:08:40.800 and the methods of this program? 153 00:08:40.833 --> 00:08:44.067 So I basically took the initiative to go out there 154 00:08:44.067 --> 00:08:46.100 and get a view for myself of exactly 155 00:08:46.133 --> 00:08:48.067 what's happening beneath the surface. 156 00:08:50.733 --> 00:08:53.133 The biggest misconception that people have 157 00:08:53.167 --> 00:08:54.733 towards the Shark Control Program 158 00:08:54.767 --> 00:08:56.067 is that a lot of people think 159 00:08:56.067 --> 00:08:58.567 that it's a physical barrier between them 160 00:08:58.600 --> 00:09:01.100 and the open ocean. 161 00:09:01.133 --> 00:09:05.733 People aren't aware that this device is a fishing device, 162 00:09:05.767 --> 00:09:08.333 it's there to capture and to kill passing sharks 163 00:09:08.367 --> 00:09:10.833 and I think a lot of people are surprised 164 00:09:10.867 --> 00:09:13.800 when they realize that it's not a physical barrier 165 00:09:13.833 --> 00:09:15.633 that is completely enclosed 166 00:09:15.667 --> 00:09:18.100 or it doesn't touch the bottom of the ocean. 167 00:09:21.067 --> 00:09:24.067 [Bana] Bright buoys visible from the shore in the air, 168 00:09:24.067 --> 00:09:26.600 draw a line through the ocean, 169 00:09:26.633 --> 00:09:30.567 between the comfort of the shallows and the mystery of the deep. 170 00:09:33.067 --> 00:09:35.967 Not many people know exactly what they are, 171 00:09:36.067 --> 00:09:40.467 or how they work, just told that it keeps them safe. 172 00:09:40.500 --> 00:09:43.967 Even fewer people know the truth. 173 00:10:00.267 --> 00:10:03.267 [man 2] Australian beaches renowned for their long unbroken 174 00:10:03.300 --> 00:10:05.333 surf line and clean white gold sand 175 00:10:05.367 --> 00:10:07.033 are among the most beautiful in the world. 176 00:10:07.067 --> 00:10:10.333 This lovely beach is a typical example. 177 00:10:10.367 --> 00:10:12.700 [Bana] Shark nets were first introduced off the east coast 178 00:10:12.733 --> 00:10:15.500 of Australia in 1937, 179 00:10:15.533 --> 00:10:19.500 with drumlines following soon after. 180 00:10:19.533 --> 00:10:22.167 It's the very same decade Qantas first started flying 181 00:10:22.200 --> 00:10:24.600 between Australia and London. 182 00:10:24.633 --> 00:10:27.600 Flights could fit just ten passengers, 183 00:10:27.633 --> 00:10:32.733 had 21 stopovers, and took a total of 12 days. 184 00:10:32.767 --> 00:10:36.133 Our world has evolved beyond recognition since then, 185 00:10:36.167 --> 00:10:41.033 but shark nets and drumlines have stayed fundamentally the same. 186 00:10:42.867 --> 00:10:47.467 Shark nets in Queensland are 186 meters wide by six meters, 187 00:10:47.500 --> 00:10:51.133 hang from the surface, and sit in water 12 meters deep. 188 00:10:55.933 --> 00:11:00.833 Shark nets in New South Wales are 150 meters by six meters 189 00:11:00.867 --> 00:11:04.700 are anchored to the sea floor, also in water 12 meters deep. 190 00:11:05.867 --> 00:11:08.933 Both programs cover only a tiny portion 191 00:11:08.967 --> 00:11:10.367 of any given beach, 192 00:11:10.400 --> 00:11:13.300 allowing sharks ample opportunity to swim over, 193 00:11:13.333 --> 00:11:17.467 under, around, and towards beaches. 194 00:11:17.500 --> 00:11:20.267 In fact, a high percentage of sharks 195 00:11:20.300 --> 00:11:22.433 are caught inside the nets. 196 00:11:22.467 --> 00:11:24.533 They've already been to the beach, 197 00:11:24.567 --> 00:11:28.067 and are peacefully making their way back out to sea. 198 00:11:29.733 --> 00:11:33.300 Drumlines use a large buoy on the surface 199 00:11:33.333 --> 00:11:36.633 to suspend a baited industrial fishing hook 200 00:11:36.667 --> 00:11:40.067 dangling below on heavy duty chains. 201 00:11:40.067 --> 00:11:42.800 They chum the waters, attracting sharks, 202 00:11:42.833 --> 00:11:44.867 in the hopes of hooking them. 203 00:11:46.067 --> 00:11:48.367 If anyone in a snorkel and fins can navigate 204 00:11:48.400 --> 00:11:50.167 around this technology, 205 00:11:50.200 --> 00:11:52.567 why would we think that sharks can't? 206 00:11:54.067 --> 00:11:56.600 People think that shark incidents are happening 207 00:11:56.633 --> 00:11:59.100 at a higher rate than what they really are. 208 00:11:59.133 --> 00:12:03.167 Being bitten by a shark is extremely unlikely. 209 00:12:03.200 --> 00:12:07.267 Unfortunately, when there is a shark bite incident, 210 00:12:07.300 --> 00:12:09.067 the media jump onto this 211 00:12:09.100 --> 00:12:12.233 and they report it over and over again. 212 00:12:12.267 --> 00:12:13.600 There's a rogue shark out there, 213 00:12:13.633 --> 00:12:15.100 the Jaws mentality, right? 214 00:12:15.133 --> 00:12:16.633 That it's got to taste for human blood, 215 00:12:16.667 --> 00:12:18.300 and it's not gonna stop until you know, 216 00:12:18.333 --> 00:12:21.300 so it's just like that kind of mentality, 217 00:12:21.333 --> 00:12:24.200 it's so false, and it's like a lie basically, 218 00:12:24.233 --> 00:12:26.367 you know, when it comes down to it. 219 00:12:26.400 --> 00:12:29.133 [woman 1] When I've seen or heard on the news that there was 220 00:12:29.167 --> 00:12:32.333 a shark attack, my heart fully sinks 221 00:12:32.367 --> 00:12:35.400 and it's a really terrible feeling because 222 00:12:35.433 --> 00:12:38.667 one, you know, that someone's just been through something traumatic 223 00:12:38.700 --> 00:12:40.500 and the media has taken advantage of that. 224 00:12:40.533 --> 00:12:43.467 And two, you know that that means bad news for sharks. 225 00:12:44.667 --> 00:12:46.667 [woman 2] Trauma and sensationalism sells. 226 00:12:46.700 --> 00:12:50.100 And so for generations now, the media has capitalized off 227 00:12:50.133 --> 00:12:51.833 of demonizing them. 228 00:12:53.633 --> 00:12:55.367 [Dr. Leonardo Guida] Drone footage is now coming out, 229 00:12:55.400 --> 00:12:56.767 particularly from New South Wales, 230 00:12:56.800 --> 00:12:58.100 and the photography is awesome. 231 00:12:58.133 --> 00:13:00.500 I mean, the colors, shapes, and you see surfers 232 00:13:00.533 --> 00:13:02.367 and you see the silhouette of a shark in the water 233 00:13:02.400 --> 00:13:05.067 and the headline is "Shark stalks surfer". 234 00:13:05.067 --> 00:13:08.267 And it's like, no, the sharks just doing its thing. 235 00:13:08.300 --> 00:13:10.467 It probably hasn't even seen the surfer. 236 00:13:10.500 --> 00:13:13.233 [Jonathan] The number of times that negative language 237 00:13:13.267 --> 00:13:17.267 about sharks is repeated for every shark bite incident. 238 00:13:17.300 --> 00:13:20.233 The number of reports is astounding. 239 00:13:20.267 --> 00:13:23.067 The average is in the 30s. 240 00:13:23.067 --> 00:13:24.733 [Lawrence Chlebeck] But the media will report on them 241 00:13:24.767 --> 00:13:27.067 because these incidents can be tragic. 242 00:13:27.067 --> 00:13:28.500 They can be traumatic. 243 00:13:28.533 --> 00:13:31.700 We hear words like maul, man eater, attack, 244 00:13:31.733 --> 00:13:33.100 but more accurately, 245 00:13:33.133 --> 00:13:35.967 these interactions are classified as just that, interactions. 246 00:13:36.067 --> 00:13:38.567 It's a bump or an investigative bite. 247 00:13:38.600 --> 00:13:41.767 We all understand that those bites can be very tragic 248 00:13:41.800 --> 00:13:44.933 and traumatic, but it's very, very rarely, 249 00:13:44.967 --> 00:13:46.833 and almost never, an actual attack. 250 00:13:46.867 --> 00:13:49.600 And that feeds into the public psyche, of what they think. 251 00:13:49.633 --> 00:13:51.967 They think the sharks are out there hunting them. 252 00:13:52.067 --> 00:13:55.067 And that's really not at all what's happening. 253 00:13:55.067 --> 00:13:58.400 [Ocean Ramsey] The tolerance that sharks show for humans 254 00:13:58.433 --> 00:14:01.367 being such capable predators as they are, 255 00:14:01.400 --> 00:14:04.400 it never ceases to astonish me 256 00:14:04.433 --> 00:14:06.167 and people don't give them credit for that. 257 00:14:06.200 --> 00:14:08.067 They swim past surfers, swimmers, and divers 258 00:14:08.100 --> 00:14:09.067 all day, every day. 259 00:14:09.100 --> 00:14:11.167 And it's so rare that they make a mistake. 260 00:14:11.200 --> 00:14:13.600 You think about how many mistakes humans make. 261 00:14:13.633 --> 00:14:16.133 And it's just... I wish that they got that credit, 262 00:14:16.167 --> 00:14:17.700 and that made the news, 263 00:14:17.733 --> 00:14:19.500 because that's something that happens every day, 264 00:14:19.533 --> 00:14:22.800 and not the extremely rare mistaken identity bite. 265 00:14:31.967 --> 00:14:34.200 I used to be terrified of sharks. 266 00:14:34.233 --> 00:14:37.067 Uh, I didn't really know anything about them 267 00:14:37.067 --> 00:14:38.500 except for what the media told me 268 00:14:38.533 --> 00:14:40.933 and that was always gnashing teeth 269 00:14:40.967 --> 00:14:42.467 and blood and fear. 270 00:14:42.500 --> 00:14:45.300 And so I fed into that. 271 00:14:45.333 --> 00:14:48.067 In 2005, I ended up passing a selection course 272 00:14:48.100 --> 00:14:49.400 for the Navy clearance divers 273 00:14:49.433 --> 00:14:51.500 and started a whole new career, 274 00:14:51.533 --> 00:14:54.500 and I didn't just find my dream job, 275 00:14:54.533 --> 00:14:56.200 I found my dream life. 276 00:14:57.800 --> 00:14:59.567 In 2009, 277 00:14:59.600 --> 00:15:02.933 I had been a clearance diver for about four years, 278 00:15:02.967 --> 00:15:07.800 and every single time, honestly, I got in the water, 279 00:15:07.833 --> 00:15:09.367 I had sharks on the brain. 280 00:15:09.400 --> 00:15:10.833 Even though sharks terrified me, 281 00:15:10.867 --> 00:15:13.567 I had a focus to get that out of my mind. 282 00:15:14.567 --> 00:15:16.867 I was swimming in the water on the surface 283 00:15:16.900 --> 00:15:20.867 right in Sydney Harbor, right alongside the Navy base. 284 00:15:20.900 --> 00:15:23.233 And I was on my back, on the surface, 285 00:15:23.267 --> 00:15:26.567 kicking my legs, doing what we call finning. 286 00:15:26.600 --> 00:15:28.733 I was facing the other direction, 287 00:15:28.767 --> 00:15:30.867 making sure I was headed towards the warship 288 00:15:30.900 --> 00:15:32.067 where I was supposed to be going 289 00:15:32.067 --> 00:15:34.667 and I felt this massive whack in my leg. 290 00:15:34.700 --> 00:15:37.600 And I turned back around and came face to face 291 00:15:37.633 --> 00:15:42.333 with a massive shark's head and I didn't know what to do. 292 00:15:42.367 --> 00:15:45.833 I'd never even seen a big, dangerous shark before. 293 00:15:45.867 --> 00:15:48.467 And then all of a sudden, it's attached to me. 294 00:15:48.500 --> 00:15:50.300 My survival instincts kicked in. 295 00:15:50.333 --> 00:15:51.900 I thought I've got to get this thing off me. 296 00:15:51.933 --> 00:15:54.233 But I couldn't move my arm 297 00:15:54.267 --> 00:15:56.067 because my hand was in its mouth. 298 00:15:56.067 --> 00:15:57.733 And so I grabbed it by the nose 299 00:15:57.767 --> 00:15:59.800 and I tried to lever it off my leg 300 00:15:59.833 --> 00:16:02.300 but all that did was push the teeth of the lower jaw 301 00:16:02.333 --> 00:16:03.600 deeper into my leg. 302 00:16:04.400 --> 00:16:06.500 So in a last ditch effort, 303 00:16:06.533 --> 00:16:08.567 I cocked back to punch it in the nose, 304 00:16:08.600 --> 00:16:10.767 and it started to shake me 305 00:16:10.800 --> 00:16:15.067 and I can't even tell you how painful this was. 306 00:16:15.800 --> 00:16:17.500 It took me underwater, 307 00:16:17.533 --> 00:16:19.433 and I wasn't just in pain, I was terrified. 308 00:16:19.467 --> 00:16:23.200 This was my worst nightmare. And I thought I was gonna die. 309 00:16:26.100 --> 00:16:29.133 The shark's tail splashed water into my face 310 00:16:29.167 --> 00:16:31.267 and kind of shook me back to reality. 311 00:16:31.300 --> 00:16:34.067 And I realized, "Oh, I'm not dead." 312 00:16:34.067 --> 00:16:36.500 And I thought I've gotta get back to the safety boat. 313 00:16:36.533 --> 00:16:38.067 So my laser-like focus, 314 00:16:38.100 --> 00:16:40.500 all that navy training and army training kicked in. 315 00:16:40.533 --> 00:16:44.967 My sole entire mission was to get back to that boat. 316 00:16:45.067 --> 00:16:47.467 As soon as the guys pulled me into the boat, 317 00:16:47.500 --> 00:16:48.633 I just relaxed. 318 00:16:48.667 --> 00:16:50.933 Just for the simple fact that I was safe, 319 00:16:50.967 --> 00:16:54.200 my eyes rolled back in my head and I passed out, 320 00:16:54.233 --> 00:16:57.533 and my mate Tommo sprang into action. 321 00:16:57.567 --> 00:16:59.633 And his medical training told him 322 00:16:59.667 --> 00:17:01.733 that I was going into cardiac arrest. 323 00:17:01.767 --> 00:17:04.800 And so he straddled me and started pummeling me in the chest 324 00:17:04.833 --> 00:17:07.267 trying to stimulate my heart to wake me back up, 325 00:17:07.300 --> 00:17:08.833 and it worked. 326 00:17:08.867 --> 00:17:11.367 And I woke up, and I looked over, 327 00:17:11.400 --> 00:17:13.800 and my hand was gone. 328 00:17:14.367 --> 00:17:15.833 And I looked up, 329 00:17:15.867 --> 00:17:19.133 and Tommo was beating the crap out of me. 330 00:17:19.167 --> 00:17:21.233 And I just thought, "Today sucks." 331 00:17:25.967 --> 00:17:27.067 After the shark attack, 332 00:17:27.067 --> 00:17:28.267 the media was coming to me 333 00:17:28.300 --> 00:17:31.133 to talk about shark interactions all around Australia. 334 00:17:31.167 --> 00:17:32.600 And so I had to learn, 335 00:17:32.633 --> 00:17:34.267 so that I knew what I was talking about. 336 00:17:34.300 --> 00:17:38.467 I can give an educated opinion instead of just an opinion. 337 00:17:38.500 --> 00:17:40.167 And through doing that research 338 00:17:40.200 --> 00:17:41.933 and building that knowledge on sharks, 339 00:17:41.967 --> 00:17:44.167 I started to learn about the plight of sharks, 340 00:17:44.200 --> 00:17:46.333 about how much strife they're in, 341 00:17:46.367 --> 00:17:49.067 about what we do to them. 342 00:17:49.100 --> 00:17:52.133 And the old adage goes, knowledge dispels fear, 343 00:17:52.167 --> 00:17:53.733 and that was so true for me. 344 00:18:09.967 --> 00:18:12.300 [Jonathan] The title of the program in New South Wales 345 00:18:12.333 --> 00:18:15.067 is the Bather Protection Program. 346 00:18:15.067 --> 00:18:16.200 There is the underlying message, 347 00:18:16.233 --> 00:18:17.367 "We're the government, 348 00:18:17.400 --> 00:18:21.667 and we are keeping you safe from this big, scary thing." 349 00:18:21.700 --> 00:18:23.133 In Queensland, 350 00:18:23.167 --> 00:18:24.900 we call it the Shark Control Program. 351 00:18:24.933 --> 00:18:27.300 I defy anyone to control a shark. 352 00:18:27.333 --> 00:18:28.633 How do you control 353 00:18:28.667 --> 00:18:30.567 one of the greatest animals in the ocean? 354 00:18:30.600 --> 00:18:32.133 How do you do that? 355 00:18:34.867 --> 00:18:36.900 [Dr. Leonardo] So the Shark Control Program in Queensland, 356 00:18:36.933 --> 00:18:38.500 and I hate using the word "Control", 357 00:18:38.533 --> 00:18:40.233 because you cannot control an animal. 358 00:18:40.267 --> 00:18:43.067 But for the lack of a better phrase, 359 00:18:43.067 --> 00:18:45.567 the Shark Control Program in Queensland as it stands, 360 00:18:45.600 --> 00:18:48.400 its intention is to kill sharks, to cull them. 361 00:18:51.067 --> 00:18:53.867 My first time swimming with a tiger shark 362 00:18:53.900 --> 00:18:56.367 was on a drumline on the Gold Coast, 363 00:18:56.400 --> 00:19:00.333 and she was 364 00:19:00.367 --> 00:19:03.467 literally taking her last breaths in front of us. 365 00:19:07.233 --> 00:19:09.733 She been hanging there for quite some time. 366 00:19:09.767 --> 00:19:12.067 Uh, probably early hours in the morning 367 00:19:12.100 --> 00:19:15.267 and she was suffocating on this drumline 368 00:19:15.300 --> 00:19:18.567 and I was able to get really close to her 369 00:19:18.600 --> 00:19:20.500 and I couldn't... 370 00:19:20.533 --> 00:19:24.133 Looking at the details of this animal was insane, 371 00:19:24.167 --> 00:19:26.767 the patterns on their skin. 372 00:19:26.800 --> 00:19:29.633 And people always refer to shark's eyes 373 00:19:29.667 --> 00:19:33.167 to be lifeless and soulless and dark and black. 374 00:19:33.200 --> 00:19:37.633 But looking at her eyes, they were light colored brown 375 00:19:37.667 --> 00:19:40.500 and they were so beautiful and deep. 376 00:19:40.533 --> 00:19:42.767 You could be looking into the eyes of a turtle 377 00:19:42.800 --> 00:19:44.600 or your own dog at home. 378 00:19:46.200 --> 00:19:48.733 That moment really made me 379 00:19:48.767 --> 00:19:50.600 feel connected to these animals 380 00:19:50.633 --> 00:19:53.267 and made me realize that... 381 00:19:53.300 --> 00:19:55.067 they're just crying for help, 382 00:19:55.100 --> 00:19:58.633 and we're just endlessly killing them out there. 383 00:19:58.667 --> 00:20:02.200 I've seen multiple tiger sharks hooked on drumlines. 384 00:20:02.233 --> 00:20:05.100 In fact, the first one that I ever saw in Australia 385 00:20:05.133 --> 00:20:06.733 was hooked on a drumline, 386 00:20:06.767 --> 00:20:09.633 and it was very difficult for me to film 387 00:20:09.667 --> 00:20:12.533 because I got in the water with it thinking it was dead, 388 00:20:12.567 --> 00:20:14.000 but then its eye was still moving, 389 00:20:14.033 --> 00:20:16.300 so it was just this animal that I'd always associated 390 00:20:16.333 --> 00:20:18.833 with such power and presence in the ocean. 391 00:20:18.867 --> 00:20:21.167 And it was just like laying there, dead. 392 00:20:21.200 --> 00:20:22.667 It was like going into your yard 393 00:20:22.700 --> 00:20:26.000 and seeing your own pet dog hooked up on a drumline. 394 00:20:26.033 --> 00:20:29.033 Most people talk about getting in the water with sharks for the first time 395 00:20:29.067 --> 00:20:32.100 and their hands are sweaty and their heart's racing and they're freaking out. 396 00:20:32.133 --> 00:20:34.333 That's exactly how I felt when I got out of the water 397 00:20:34.367 --> 00:20:35.800 after filming a dead one. 398 00:20:35.833 --> 00:20:37.833 My heart was racing, my hands were sweating. 399 00:20:37.867 --> 00:20:39.300 It was terrifying. 400 00:20:39.333 --> 00:20:41.400 It was the only time I've been in the water with a shark 401 00:20:41.433 --> 00:20:44.567 that I was truly unable to control my reaction. 402 00:20:44.600 --> 00:20:49.000 Seeing that animal dead on a drumline was really sad 403 00:20:49.033 --> 00:20:50.433 and really horrific. 404 00:20:50.467 --> 00:20:53.167 And the saddest thing about all of it 405 00:20:53.200 --> 00:20:54.533 is living in a country 406 00:20:54.567 --> 00:20:57.333 where people kind of rooted that on 407 00:20:57.367 --> 00:20:58.667 and wanted that to happen, 408 00:20:58.700 --> 00:21:00.533 and in their eyes, that was a good thing. 409 00:23:06.700 --> 00:23:08.800 [Bana] For 83 years and counting, 410 00:23:08.833 --> 00:23:11.633 we've been running the world's longest marine cull. 411 00:23:12.967 --> 00:23:15.633 These culling programs off Australian shores 412 00:23:15.667 --> 00:23:19.733 add to the millions of sharks killed globally each year. 413 00:23:19.767 --> 00:23:22.933 However, unlike the fishing industry, 414 00:23:22.967 --> 00:23:25.567 these culling programs specifically aim 415 00:23:25.600 --> 00:23:29.200 to kill some endangered and protected species. 416 00:23:29.233 --> 00:23:30.900 Like the Great White. 417 00:23:32.067 --> 00:23:33.933 Unlike regular fishing, 418 00:23:33.967 --> 00:23:36.400 there are no size limits in these culls. 419 00:23:36.433 --> 00:23:39.600 Making juveniles, who haven't reached breeding age yet, 420 00:23:39.633 --> 00:23:41.533 fair game, 421 00:23:41.567 --> 00:23:44.667 decimating an already threatened population 422 00:23:44.700 --> 00:23:46.367 in the name of safety. 423 00:23:55.067 --> 00:23:58.633 [Paul] I understand that parents and surfers 424 00:23:58.667 --> 00:24:01.567 and everyone that frequents the beach in Australia 425 00:24:01.600 --> 00:24:03.367 wants to remain safe. 426 00:24:03.400 --> 00:24:06.600 I don't want anyone to get attacked either. Trust me, it hurts. 427 00:24:06.633 --> 00:24:07.800 I don't want anyone getting hurt. 428 00:24:07.833 --> 00:24:09.367 I don't want anyone dying. 429 00:24:09.400 --> 00:24:10.767 The problem that I have 430 00:24:10.800 --> 00:24:15.067 with the culling of sharks around Australia is that... 431 00:24:15.100 --> 00:24:18.800 it's not a solution by any means. 432 00:24:18.833 --> 00:24:22.467 It's a false sense of security at best, 433 00:24:22.500 --> 00:24:25.867 which is only lulling people more into the ocean 434 00:24:25.900 --> 00:24:27.433 to risk their lives. 435 00:24:27.467 --> 00:24:29.833 The nets that they have around Australia, 436 00:24:29.867 --> 00:24:32.700 especially Queensland and New South Wales, 437 00:24:32.733 --> 00:24:34.800 they don't go to the bottom of the ocean, 438 00:24:34.833 --> 00:24:36.567 they don't go to the top of the water, 439 00:24:36.600 --> 00:24:38.433 they don't span the whole beach. 440 00:24:38.467 --> 00:24:41.733 The sharks can swim around it, over it, and under it, 441 00:24:41.767 --> 00:24:43.833 and there's nothing stopping them 442 00:24:43.867 --> 00:24:45.500 from getting to the beach. 443 00:24:45.533 --> 00:24:47.133 Now I understand they've put them in there 444 00:24:47.167 --> 00:24:49.833 to maybe take out a few of the sharks 445 00:24:49.867 --> 00:24:50.967 that are hanging around, 446 00:24:51.067 --> 00:24:56.367 but sharks don't domesticate one area, they migrate. 447 00:24:56.400 --> 00:24:59.500 These sharks that are swimming through Australian waters, 448 00:24:59.533 --> 00:25:02.467 especially the Great Whites that we're killing, 449 00:25:02.500 --> 00:25:04.867 they don't belong to Australia. 450 00:25:04.900 --> 00:25:08.567 They'll swim... They've been known to swim all the way to Hawaii. 451 00:25:08.600 --> 00:25:10.633 They swim all the way down the coast, 452 00:25:10.667 --> 00:25:12.300 all the way down to New Zealand. 453 00:25:12.333 --> 00:25:14.067 They interbreed down there. 454 00:25:14.067 --> 00:25:16.267 They swim back up the coast, they follow the whales, 455 00:25:16.300 --> 00:25:17.500 they follow the fish. 456 00:25:17.533 --> 00:25:19.333 They're the ocean sharks. They're the world's sharks. 457 00:25:19.367 --> 00:25:22.067 They're not Australia's property to kill. 458 00:25:22.067 --> 00:25:23.267 And this is what happens 459 00:25:23.300 --> 00:25:25.233 when you have government ministers 460 00:25:25.267 --> 00:25:26.800 running departments 461 00:25:26.833 --> 00:25:29.067 that they have no education in, 462 00:25:29.100 --> 00:25:30.367 no background in, 463 00:25:30.400 --> 00:25:32.267 and don't know what they're doing. 464 00:25:32.300 --> 00:25:35.967 They just pander to the loudest common denominator. 465 00:25:36.067 --> 00:25:37.200 And that's usually the people 466 00:25:37.233 --> 00:25:39.967 calling for the death of animals, especially sharks. 467 00:25:43.433 --> 00:25:46.500 So anecdotally, what you hear from a lot of people 468 00:25:46.533 --> 00:25:48.567 that are out on the water a lot, from fishermen, and such, 469 00:25:48.600 --> 00:25:50.467 is that sharks are in plague proportions. 470 00:25:50.500 --> 00:25:53.167 And what we need to remember that these are very intelligent animals 471 00:25:53.200 --> 00:25:55.967 that have an ecological feeding plasticity 472 00:25:56.067 --> 00:25:59.067 that can change their behavior and follow this salmon run here 473 00:25:59.067 --> 00:26:00.767 or go over here when they need to. 474 00:26:00.800 --> 00:26:02.800 They've been around for 350 million years 475 00:26:02.833 --> 00:26:05.400 perfecting the ability to change their behavior 476 00:26:05.433 --> 00:26:09.167 for high success feeding opportunities. 477 00:26:09.200 --> 00:26:11.100 And now fishermen and fishing boats 478 00:26:11.133 --> 00:26:13.767 provide that high success feeding opportunity. 479 00:26:13.800 --> 00:26:17.267 So the fact that there's a massive decline of sharks 480 00:26:17.300 --> 00:26:19.400 and that fishermen are seeing many of them around their boats 481 00:26:19.433 --> 00:26:21.533 are not mutually exclusive. 482 00:26:21.567 --> 00:26:23.967 Fishermen can see many, many sharks around their boats 483 00:26:24.067 --> 00:26:26.533 because they know that this is where they can get an easy feed. 484 00:26:26.567 --> 00:26:29.567 However, shark scientists everywhere around the world, 485 00:26:29.600 --> 00:26:31.133 including the east coast of Australia, 486 00:26:31.167 --> 00:26:33.533 will tell you that sharks are dwindling. 487 00:26:33.567 --> 00:26:35.700 Sharks are in major decline and have been 488 00:26:35.733 --> 00:26:37.400 for about the last 50 to 60 years. 489 00:26:42.067 --> 00:26:44.633 [Jonathan] We know that the general population of sharks 490 00:26:44.667 --> 00:26:46.767 has been in great decline, 491 00:26:46.800 --> 00:26:49.333 and there is science absolutely backing that. 492 00:26:49.367 --> 00:26:52.067 We know that tiger sharks on the Queensland coast 493 00:26:52.067 --> 00:26:53.700 since 1962, 494 00:26:53.733 --> 00:26:56.367 the science is saying around about 73% decline, 495 00:26:56.400 --> 00:26:58.067 which is absolutely massive. 496 00:27:10.767 --> 00:27:14.567 Hearing numbers like 70 to 100 million sharks are killed every year. 497 00:27:14.600 --> 00:27:17.833 And the big one that got me was that in 30 years, 498 00:27:17.867 --> 00:27:20.400 we've killed 90-95% 499 00:27:20.433 --> 00:27:22.300 of the world's shark population. 500 00:27:22.333 --> 00:27:24.233 In 30 years, like... 501 00:27:24.267 --> 00:27:25.833 What's gonna happen in another 30 years? 502 00:27:25.867 --> 00:27:26.833 They're gone, right? 503 00:27:26.867 --> 00:27:28.300 You know, when you hear those kind of numbers, 504 00:27:28.333 --> 00:27:30.500 you're like, "Whoa, what? You know, rewind." 505 00:27:32.700 --> 00:27:36.533 [Bana] Programs like this are a global anomaly. 506 00:27:36.567 --> 00:27:38.333 Only two other countries on earth 507 00:27:38.367 --> 00:27:42.767 operate culling programs, South Africa and France. 508 00:27:42.800 --> 00:27:44.233 That's it. 509 00:27:44.267 --> 00:27:47.267 Everywhere else in the world, it's understood. 510 00:27:47.300 --> 00:27:49.867 Their home, your risk. 511 00:27:53.433 --> 00:27:54.800 There's another chain of islands 512 00:27:54.833 --> 00:27:57.733 all alone in the middle of the Pacific Ocean 513 00:27:57.767 --> 00:28:00.767 that is confronted by these very same challenges. 514 00:28:02.067 --> 00:28:03.500 A paradise where sharks 515 00:28:03.533 --> 00:28:06.667 carry a strong cultural significance, 516 00:28:06.700 --> 00:28:08.767 held sacred by many families 517 00:28:08.800 --> 00:28:12.067 as their ancestral spirit guides. 518 00:28:12.100 --> 00:28:15.333 Traditionally respected but not feared. 519 00:28:16.867 --> 00:28:18.167 Hawaii. 520 00:28:22.733 --> 00:28:24.567 It's so sad and unfortunate 521 00:28:24.600 --> 00:28:27.533 that even in Hawaii, um, multiple decades ago, 522 00:28:27.567 --> 00:28:29.100 they actually culled sharks, 523 00:28:29.133 --> 00:28:31.900 some of the methods being nets or drumlines. 524 00:28:31.933 --> 00:28:34.167 And it was scientifically documented in study 525 00:28:34.200 --> 00:28:36.967 to show that it does nothing to reduce the number 526 00:28:37.067 --> 00:28:38.700 of adverse interactions. 527 00:28:38.733 --> 00:28:42.267 And so we've scientifically proven that culling is not effective 528 00:28:42.300 --> 00:28:44.667 and can actually attract sharks closer to shore. 529 00:28:46.333 --> 00:28:51.200 [Juan] Back in '91, there was a series of mistaken identity bites, 530 00:28:51.233 --> 00:28:52.500 so about seven. 531 00:28:52.533 --> 00:28:54.167 And no fatalities, 532 00:28:54.200 --> 00:28:56.600 but it was within, like, a three-month span. 533 00:28:56.633 --> 00:28:59.767 So the community, especially here on the North Shore of Oahu, 534 00:28:59.800 --> 00:29:01.300 was really concerned, 535 00:29:01.333 --> 00:29:04.567 and it kind of sparked a cull, you know, and... 536 00:29:04.600 --> 00:29:07.667 I was just a kid at the time, but it was a scary time. 537 00:29:07.700 --> 00:29:09.267 It was just the fear throughout the community, 538 00:29:09.300 --> 00:29:10.900 and it's probably similar to in certain parts 539 00:29:10.933 --> 00:29:12.767 what's going on in Australia right now, 540 00:29:12.800 --> 00:29:14.600 but it was really sad. 541 00:29:14.633 --> 00:29:15.833 I mean, they killed... 542 00:29:15.867 --> 00:29:18.600 I think that estimated at the time that they were done 543 00:29:18.633 --> 00:29:21.400 in that year period, they killed over 500 tiger sharks. 544 00:29:21.433 --> 00:29:23.433 So it was really bad. 545 00:29:24.667 --> 00:29:26.933 The really nice thing about that period though, 546 00:29:26.967 --> 00:29:30.733 a scientist named Carl Meyers was doing a study on it. 547 00:29:30.767 --> 00:29:34.667 And he proved that culling was actually not effective. 548 00:29:34.700 --> 00:29:38.100 And in fact, when you take out a large apex predator 549 00:29:38.133 --> 00:29:39.367 like a tiger shark, 550 00:29:39.400 --> 00:29:42.200 which is a very territorial animal and nomadic species, 551 00:29:42.233 --> 00:29:44.500 you're actually reducing that area 552 00:29:44.533 --> 00:29:47.733 to allow more smaller juvenile sharks. 553 00:29:47.767 --> 00:29:50.600 And the larger sharks are actually a lot more knowledgeable 554 00:29:50.633 --> 00:29:52.800 about what's a food source, what's not a food source. 555 00:29:52.833 --> 00:29:54.967 So in essence, you're bringing these teenagers in 556 00:29:55.067 --> 00:29:57.133 that are still trying to figure out what's going on. 557 00:29:57.167 --> 00:29:59.067 And those are the ones making the mistakes, 558 00:29:59.100 --> 00:30:02.967 not these big, large, beautiful females or adult tiger sharks, 559 00:30:03.000 --> 00:30:05.767 and so it was making the situation worse 560 00:30:05.800 --> 00:30:08.333 by killing the large sharks. 561 00:30:08.367 --> 00:30:09.533 So growing up with that fear, 562 00:30:09.567 --> 00:30:12.400 it's so interesting to see where I'm at today, 563 00:30:12.433 --> 00:30:14.700 you know, and my whole life kind of feels like 564 00:30:14.733 --> 00:30:16.633 it's been about protecting an animal that I grew up 565 00:30:16.667 --> 00:30:18.467 so petrified of. 566 00:30:19.867 --> 00:30:21.467 [Ocean] And so we've used that research 567 00:30:21.500 --> 00:30:24.867 to try and push, and more so the community and conservation efforts, 568 00:30:24.900 --> 00:30:28.667 to push, to ban the purposeful killing of sharks and rays. 569 00:30:28.700 --> 00:30:31.733 And, um, in the last few years, 570 00:30:31.767 --> 00:30:34.400 this push for protection for sharks 571 00:30:34.433 --> 00:30:36.933 has been met by some opposition 572 00:30:36.967 --> 00:30:38.567 at different levels. 573 00:30:38.600 --> 00:30:40.633 The first level was financially. 574 00:30:40.667 --> 00:30:42.567 Could they actually enforce the law? 575 00:30:42.600 --> 00:30:44.233 We address that through support, 576 00:30:44.267 --> 00:30:45.967 through ecotourism. 577 00:30:46.000 --> 00:30:49.633 And so actually taking a very small percentage of money 578 00:30:49.667 --> 00:30:51.967 from people who want to go see a live shark 579 00:30:52.000 --> 00:30:54.133 and that could easily fund that bill. 580 00:30:54.167 --> 00:30:55.567 So it's really... 581 00:30:55.600 --> 00:30:58.433 It's tough working in the political systems, 582 00:30:58.467 --> 00:31:00.667 but it is possible, and every year, 583 00:31:00.700 --> 00:31:03.900 the number of people in support of these bills is growing. 584 00:31:11.467 --> 00:31:16.867 [Bana] Until now, these programs have operated under a veil of secrecy. 585 00:31:16.900 --> 00:31:21.133 They have successfully avoided intense scrutiny from the public eye. 586 00:31:21.167 --> 00:31:23.233 Some politicians are adamant 587 00:31:23.267 --> 00:31:25.933 that these programs keep swimmers safe, 588 00:31:25.967 --> 00:31:30.133 citing the low number of fatalities at beaches where culling occurs. 589 00:31:31.100 --> 00:31:33.500 But has it really saved human lives 590 00:31:33.533 --> 00:31:36.533 by killing hundreds of thousands of sharks? 591 00:31:44.200 --> 00:31:49.200 The Great Barrier Reef. An Australian icon. 592 00:31:49.233 --> 00:31:52.367 So remarkable you can see it from space. 593 00:31:52.400 --> 00:31:54.767 The jewel in our marine crown. 594 00:31:54.800 --> 00:31:57.767 It is the world's largest coral reef ecosystem, 595 00:31:57.800 --> 00:32:00.933 home to thousands of unique species. 596 00:32:00.967 --> 00:32:04.600 It's one of the best known natural wonders of the world, 597 00:32:04.633 --> 00:32:06.133 already under threat 598 00:32:06.167 --> 00:32:08.967 from warming and acidifying oceans. 599 00:32:09.067 --> 00:32:12.067 It's important to know how critical sharks are 600 00:32:12.067 --> 00:32:15.200 to keeping this fragile ecosystem alive 601 00:32:15.233 --> 00:32:18.700 and just how dangerous it could be to remove them. 602 00:32:26.267 --> 00:32:28.567 [Dr. Leonardo] Austrians love the Great Barrier Reef. 603 00:32:28.600 --> 00:32:30.067 I mean, intuitively, instinctively. 604 00:32:30.100 --> 00:32:32.233 You know you can feel it. I'm thinking it right now. 605 00:32:32.267 --> 00:32:33.733 I just say Great Barrier Reef and I'm like, 606 00:32:33.767 --> 00:32:35.900 "Yes, Australia." 607 00:32:35.933 --> 00:32:40.400 But how to articulate that into words... 608 00:32:40.433 --> 00:32:41.667 I think that's actually the beauty of it. 609 00:32:41.700 --> 00:32:43.400 The fact that you can't really articulate it. 610 00:32:43.433 --> 00:32:45.467 It's magical and mystical. 611 00:32:45.500 --> 00:32:47.567 I think that's why people love the Great Barrier Reef, 612 00:32:47.600 --> 00:32:49.233 and when you do get a chance to see it, 613 00:32:49.267 --> 00:32:51.067 I mean, aside from pictures and videos... 614 00:32:51.100 --> 00:32:53.100 When you do get a chance to see it, 615 00:32:53.133 --> 00:32:55.400 it's mind blowing. 616 00:33:12.933 --> 00:33:16.067 The Great Barrier Reef Outlook Report 2019 617 00:33:16.067 --> 00:33:18.967 is a report that's done every five years. 618 00:33:19.067 --> 00:33:21.833 And it assesses the health of the Great Barrier Reef, 619 00:33:21.867 --> 00:33:24.533 uh, the pressures, the challenges it faces, 620 00:33:24.567 --> 00:33:26.067 the gaps in our knowledge, 621 00:33:26.067 --> 00:33:29.467 and also it gives a bit of a projection of its likely future. 622 00:33:29.500 --> 00:33:30.867 Unfortunately, 623 00:33:30.900 --> 00:33:33.267 the latest report has downgraded the Great Barrier Reef 624 00:33:33.300 --> 00:33:36.167 from being in poor health to very poor health. 625 00:33:39.600 --> 00:33:41.700 It identified as a key threat 626 00:33:41.733 --> 00:33:43.933 to the resilience and health of the reef 627 00:33:43.967 --> 00:33:47.067 uh, the removal of predators, top-level predators, 628 00:33:47.100 --> 00:33:48.667 and that includes your sharks, 629 00:33:48.700 --> 00:33:51.300 and there's an issue with some species 630 00:33:51.333 --> 00:33:52.833 uh, that are under considerable threat. 631 00:33:54.867 --> 00:33:57.500 [Holly] Sharks play a vital role in an ecosystem. 632 00:33:57.533 --> 00:34:01.333 And by taking out sharks off the Great Barrier Reef, 633 00:34:01.367 --> 00:34:03.433 we're gonna see dramatic effects 634 00:34:03.467 --> 00:34:04.733 so we're gonna see impacts 635 00:34:04.767 --> 00:34:07.267 on even the lowest of levels with corals 636 00:34:07.300 --> 00:34:09.933 and the amount of algae that grows on the corals. 637 00:34:11.300 --> 00:34:12.800 [Dr. Leonardo] If we take out the sharks, 638 00:34:12.833 --> 00:34:15.667 your middle fish explode in numbers, 639 00:34:15.700 --> 00:34:18.867 and these middle fish are sometimes herbivores, 640 00:34:18.900 --> 00:34:21.800 so they might eat the algae off coral, 641 00:34:21.833 --> 00:34:24.167 munch on the coral or animals around the coral. 642 00:34:24.200 --> 00:34:27.667 And if their numbers essentially grow unchecked, 643 00:34:27.700 --> 00:34:29.567 then all of a sudden, the coral is experiencing 644 00:34:29.600 --> 00:34:31.600 a lot of pressure it otherwise wasn't under. 645 00:34:31.633 --> 00:34:33.533 Then, the herbivores have got nothing left to eat, 646 00:34:33.567 --> 00:34:35.867 and then they kind of fall apart. 647 00:34:38.800 --> 00:34:40.500 The sharks actually perform 648 00:34:40.533 --> 00:34:42.633 more than just a predatory role. 649 00:34:42.667 --> 00:34:44.533 Uh, it's quite complex how they work 650 00:34:44.567 --> 00:34:45.967 for an ecosystem. 651 00:34:46.067 --> 00:34:47.633 Um, Sharks also modify 652 00:34:47.667 --> 00:34:50.300 the behavior of other animals in the system. 653 00:34:50.333 --> 00:34:52.833 So a great example, 654 00:34:52.867 --> 00:34:54.700 looking at tiger sharks and dugongs, 655 00:34:54.733 --> 00:34:57.533 what the tiger shark does is it comes into an area. 656 00:34:57.567 --> 00:35:00.067 The dugong is happily munching away on seagrass 657 00:35:00.067 --> 00:35:02.500 around a reef ecosystem, a coastal ecosystem, 658 00:35:02.533 --> 00:35:03.667 a seagrass meadow or wherever. 659 00:35:03.700 --> 00:35:04.900 It's happily munching away, 660 00:35:04.933 --> 00:35:07.167 getting its fill, not a care in the world. 661 00:35:07.200 --> 00:35:08.933 The moment it senses or notices 662 00:35:08.967 --> 00:35:10.200 a tiger shark in the area, 663 00:35:10.233 --> 00:35:11.867 all of a sudden it's on its toes. 664 00:35:11.900 --> 00:35:13.867 Um, it stops eating, 665 00:35:13.900 --> 00:35:15.133 and it might dart off somewhere else 666 00:35:15.167 --> 00:35:16.233 and eat a little bit there, 667 00:35:16.267 --> 00:35:19.067 'cause it's now more concerned about being eaten itself 668 00:35:19.067 --> 00:35:20.667 than eating seagrass. 669 00:35:23.467 --> 00:35:27.233 So seagrass actually stores more carbon than rainforests. 670 00:35:27.267 --> 00:35:28.700 What the tiger shark is doing 671 00:35:28.733 --> 00:35:31.500 by modifying or changing the behavior of the dugong, 672 00:35:31.533 --> 00:35:33.367 one, it's looking after the little guys, 673 00:35:33.400 --> 00:35:34.533 so these fish can grow up 674 00:35:34.567 --> 00:35:35.900 and venture out into the ocean, 675 00:35:35.933 --> 00:35:38.067 and two, it's helping us fight climate change. 676 00:35:38.067 --> 00:35:39.800 So the tiger shark protecting the seagrass, 677 00:35:39.833 --> 00:35:42.100 it's ensuring that we have a good carbon store. 678 00:35:45.167 --> 00:35:47.833 [Holly] We can't just take one species 679 00:35:47.867 --> 00:35:51.867 or one type of animal out of an ecosystem 680 00:35:51.900 --> 00:35:54.167 and expect the rest to function normally. 681 00:35:54.200 --> 00:35:56.267 It all interlinks with each other 682 00:35:56.300 --> 00:35:58.333 and taking the sharks out, 683 00:35:58.367 --> 00:36:01.300 you're actually gonna have a really big impact 684 00:36:01.333 --> 00:36:04.867 on the coral reef and that impacts our tourism in Australia. 685 00:36:04.900 --> 00:36:06.067 We have a lot of people 686 00:36:06.100 --> 00:36:07.900 that wanna see the Great Barrier Reef, 687 00:36:07.933 --> 00:36:10.900 but by taking sharks out of that ecosystem, 688 00:36:10.933 --> 00:36:12.533 it's not gonna be the same. 689 00:36:13.900 --> 00:36:15.667 [Dr. Leonardo] We've had some studies come out that show 690 00:36:15.700 --> 00:36:18.733 that having sharks on the reef 691 00:36:18.767 --> 00:36:21.300 boosts not only the kinds of fish you find there 692 00:36:21.333 --> 00:36:23.100 but just the absolute numbers of fish 693 00:36:23.133 --> 00:36:24.233 by having sharks there. 694 00:36:24.267 --> 00:36:27.067 And it's one of the reasons why reef areas 695 00:36:27.100 --> 00:36:29.367 are particularly popular with fishers, 696 00:36:29.400 --> 00:36:30.500 both commercial and recreational, 697 00:36:30.533 --> 00:36:31.933 'cause there are a lot of fish, 698 00:36:31.967 --> 00:36:33.400 and the sizes of fish are reasonably decent. 699 00:36:33.433 --> 00:36:35.900 And to have that support on a reef ecosystem, 700 00:36:35.933 --> 00:36:37.367 you need sharks. 701 00:36:45.767 --> 00:36:48.200 [Madison Stewart] So when I was about 12 years old, 702 00:36:48.233 --> 00:36:50.733 I did my first ever trip to the Great Barrier Reef. 703 00:36:50.767 --> 00:36:53.467 And there was this one spot where my dad and I 704 00:36:53.500 --> 00:36:55.067 would get in the water for a night dive. 705 00:36:55.067 --> 00:36:56.633 And we'd wait for the divers to leave 706 00:36:56.667 --> 00:36:58.800 and we'd stay under the boats 'cause the boats had these big floodlights 707 00:36:58.833 --> 00:37:00.467 that would bring all the little fish around 708 00:37:00.500 --> 00:37:03.067 and then all the sharks would come around to eat these little fish. 709 00:37:03.100 --> 00:37:05.600 So there was about 20 to 30 little Grey Reef Sharks 710 00:37:05.633 --> 00:37:06.967 behind the back of the boat. 711 00:37:07.067 --> 00:37:08.667 And I used to do this thing where I would breathe 712 00:37:08.700 --> 00:37:10.233 really heavy in my SCUBA equipment 713 00:37:10.267 --> 00:37:11.700 and accelerate my heart rate. 714 00:37:11.733 --> 00:37:13.333 And the sharks would pick up on that, 715 00:37:13.367 --> 00:37:16.533 and they would come in and start, like, buzzing me and getting all excited. 716 00:37:16.567 --> 00:37:18.433 And that was like this little game I played with them. 717 00:37:18.467 --> 00:37:21.667 It was the first time that I really had an amazing connection with sharks. 718 00:37:21.700 --> 00:37:25.700 But the very next year, I came back to that same spot, 719 00:37:25.733 --> 00:37:28.300 the same reef, the same dive, same time of year, 720 00:37:28.333 --> 00:37:29.833 and there were no sharks there. 721 00:37:29.867 --> 00:37:31.800 There was like one shark in the distance 722 00:37:31.833 --> 00:37:33.700 too scared to come close to the light. 723 00:37:33.733 --> 00:37:37.067 And that for me kind of woke me up a little bit. 724 00:37:37.067 --> 00:37:38.600 And when I turned 14, 725 00:37:38.633 --> 00:37:40.700 I really started to focus on things 726 00:37:40.733 --> 00:37:42.133 that were happening in my own backyard, 727 00:37:42.167 --> 00:37:44.433 which was the Great Barrier Reef where I grew up diving, 728 00:37:44.467 --> 00:37:46.300 and I had no idea that there were things 729 00:37:46.333 --> 00:37:49.167 threatening what I always thought was a Marine Park. 730 00:37:51.100 --> 00:37:52.900 Queensland... 731 00:37:54.133 --> 00:37:56.067 They're just killing sharks. 732 00:37:56.067 --> 00:37:57.733 They've got drumlines 733 00:37:57.767 --> 00:38:00.233 in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. 734 00:38:01.533 --> 00:38:05.300 One of the seven natural wonders of the world. 735 00:38:05.333 --> 00:38:08.533 We're not just fishing it and wiping it out. 736 00:38:08.567 --> 00:38:10.200 We're not just coral bleaching it 737 00:38:10.233 --> 00:38:11.433 and wiping it out. 738 00:38:11.467 --> 00:38:14.967 We're killing the doctors of the reef. 739 00:38:15.067 --> 00:38:18.700 The animals that keep the whole ecosystem in check. 740 00:38:18.733 --> 00:38:20.267 Now what does that tell you 741 00:38:20.300 --> 00:38:22.267 about the future of our Great Barrier Reef 742 00:38:22.300 --> 00:38:23.833 in our Australian waters? 743 00:38:29.333 --> 00:38:33.733 [Bana] As politicians debate human lives versus shark lives, 744 00:38:33.767 --> 00:38:37.067 protecting our ocean versus tourism dollars, 745 00:38:37.067 --> 00:38:39.700 there is something we've all been missing. 746 00:38:39.733 --> 00:38:42.933 One simple question in this whole culling debate 747 00:38:42.967 --> 00:38:46.167 that has only very recently been asked. 748 00:38:46.200 --> 00:38:47.967 Is it even legal? 749 00:38:53.100 --> 00:38:54.367 [Lawrence Chlebeck] So a few years back, 750 00:38:54.400 --> 00:38:57.600 the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority issued a permit 751 00:38:57.633 --> 00:38:59.800 for Queensland's Agriculture and Fisheries 752 00:38:59.833 --> 00:39:02.233 to operate 173 lethal drumlines 753 00:39:02.267 --> 00:39:04.267 within the boundaries of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. 754 00:39:06.067 --> 00:39:08.367 So we had a look at that permit and we realized 755 00:39:08.400 --> 00:39:11.733 that allowing the lethal take of apex predators 756 00:39:11.767 --> 00:39:13.433 within a World Heritage Area, 757 00:39:13.467 --> 00:39:15.067 Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, 758 00:39:15.100 --> 00:39:17.700 was in direct violation 759 00:39:17.733 --> 00:39:19.633 of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park's mandate 760 00:39:19.667 --> 00:39:23.167 to protect the ecological viability of the reef. 761 00:39:27.700 --> 00:39:30.767 We had a look at that permit, and we're trying to investigate 762 00:39:30.800 --> 00:39:33.633 if there was any legal recourse we could take to challenge that. 763 00:39:33.667 --> 00:39:36.333 So we called our good friends, the Environmental Defenders Office, 764 00:39:36.367 --> 00:39:38.300 we attempted to find a middle ground 765 00:39:38.333 --> 00:39:40.900 with Queensland Fisheries and were unable to do so. 766 00:39:40.933 --> 00:39:42.967 And that's when we learned 767 00:39:43.067 --> 00:39:45.567 that within the bounds of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal, 768 00:39:45.600 --> 00:39:47.367 we would be able to challenge that permit. 769 00:39:57.500 --> 00:40:00.500 In court, we built our argument around two facets. 770 00:40:00.533 --> 00:40:03.367 The first of which is that removing apex predators 771 00:40:03.400 --> 00:40:06.500 from a World Heritage Area and protected ecosystem 772 00:40:06.533 --> 00:40:09.300 is not a good way to protect that ecosystem. 773 00:40:09.333 --> 00:40:12.300 And second of all, and probably most importantly, 774 00:40:12.333 --> 00:40:16.600 is that shark culling has no impact on swimmer safety. 775 00:40:16.633 --> 00:40:18.567 The Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries' 776 00:40:18.600 --> 00:40:20.933 own expert witness admitted on the stand 777 00:40:20.967 --> 00:40:22.133 that if the lethal component 778 00:40:22.167 --> 00:40:24.200 of the Shark Control Program was ended tomorrow, 779 00:40:24.233 --> 00:40:26.033 it would have no impact on swimmer safety. 780 00:40:28.433 --> 00:40:30.733 We got a ten minute heads-up from our lawyers 781 00:40:30.767 --> 00:40:32.800 that the decision was coming down. 782 00:40:32.833 --> 00:40:36.333 And so it's ten minutes of stressful waiting, 783 00:40:36.367 --> 00:40:39.900 and then, when we finally get the document and we're reading through it, 784 00:40:39.933 --> 00:40:42.333 not completely understanding the technical jargon, 785 00:40:42.367 --> 00:40:46.233 and then we're all coming at the same time slowly to this realization, 786 00:40:46.267 --> 00:40:48.367 holy [inaudible], we won. 787 00:40:48.400 --> 00:40:51.833 Sharks caught on drumlines will no longer be killed 788 00:40:51.867 --> 00:40:53.500 but tagged and released 789 00:40:53.533 --> 00:40:55.300 following a significant court win 790 00:40:55.333 --> 00:40:57.000 by environmentalists. 791 00:40:57.033 --> 00:40:59.833 While the ruling is limited to the Great Barrier Reef for now, 792 00:40:59.867 --> 00:41:02.567 experts want the decision expanded. 793 00:41:02.600 --> 00:41:05.400 [Lawrence] The tribunal found the evidence 794 00:41:05.433 --> 00:41:09.933 that shark culling had no scientific basis 795 00:41:09.967 --> 00:41:15.067 and had no proof to be reducing the risk of shark bite, 796 00:41:15.067 --> 00:41:16.733 and that this program 797 00:41:16.767 --> 00:41:19.600 was negatively impacting the health of the Great Barrier Reef. 798 00:41:19.633 --> 00:41:24.133 They found evidence to those points to be, quote, "Overwhelming". 799 00:41:24.167 --> 00:41:25.800 And in any other circumstance, 800 00:41:25.833 --> 00:41:27.667 this would have been a Hollywood mic drop, 801 00:41:27.700 --> 00:41:28.767 end-of-the-movie moment. 802 00:41:33.200 --> 00:41:34.900 [Dr. Leonardo] The Queensland government's reaction, 803 00:41:36.100 --> 00:41:38.200 I don't know how to describe it. 804 00:41:38.233 --> 00:41:41.100 It seemed very odd. 805 00:41:41.133 --> 00:41:43.900 There's an opportunity to move forward, and... 806 00:41:45.067 --> 00:41:46.200 they stalled. 807 00:41:46.233 --> 00:41:49.300 We need to ensure that we're putting people before sharks. 808 00:41:49.333 --> 00:41:52.900 [man 1] The government agrees, announcing its plans to appeal. 809 00:41:52.933 --> 00:41:55.867 [man 2] We will always put human life first. 810 00:41:55.900 --> 00:41:58.833 The community expectations, uh, 811 00:41:58.867 --> 00:42:01.400 that their beaches are kept as safe as possible. 812 00:42:01.433 --> 00:42:02.767 Since 1962, 813 00:42:02.800 --> 00:42:05.433 there has been one fatality, that says it all to me. 814 00:42:09.967 --> 00:42:12.500 So Queensland had this golden opportunity 815 00:42:12.533 --> 00:42:13.867 to take this decision 816 00:42:13.900 --> 00:42:17.167 and really implement some sweeping changes across the program 817 00:42:17.200 --> 00:42:19.733 that were better gonna protect the public, 818 00:42:19.767 --> 00:42:22.500 better protect the ocean, better protect the reef. 819 00:42:22.533 --> 00:42:24.900 But instead, they really doubled down on their position, 820 00:42:24.933 --> 00:42:27.567 and I guess this is just indicative 821 00:42:27.600 --> 00:42:29.667 of what we see all over the world in politics today. 822 00:42:29.700 --> 00:42:31.533 Politicians are doubling down 823 00:42:31.567 --> 00:42:34.733 on what they said in the beginning and digging themselves in holes 824 00:42:34.767 --> 00:42:35.867 further and further. 825 00:42:35.900 --> 00:42:39.067 And shark culling is no stranger to this. 826 00:42:39.067 --> 00:42:41.667 And it'll be so important, this federal appeal, 827 00:42:41.700 --> 00:42:45.467 as in if we can win that, we'll really give them no other option. 828 00:42:47.067 --> 00:42:48.600 [Bana] Inspite of all this, 829 00:42:48.633 --> 00:42:51.267 the Queensland Government continues to refuse 830 00:42:51.300 --> 00:42:55.067 to follow the overwhelming evidence uncovered in this case. 831 00:42:55.067 --> 00:42:58.600 Instead, simply moving every single drumline 832 00:42:58.633 --> 00:43:01.400 they were forced to remove from the Marine Park 833 00:43:01.433 --> 00:43:03.733 to just outside its borders. 834 00:43:05.233 --> 00:43:06.700 At the turn of the millennium, 835 00:43:06.733 --> 00:43:10.200 the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 836 00:43:10.233 --> 00:43:11.867 was introduced, 837 00:43:11.900 --> 00:43:16.067 requiring any activities harming protected species, 838 00:43:16.100 --> 00:43:19.367 like the culling of great whites, to seek approval. 839 00:43:21.367 --> 00:43:25.167 Due to a loophole in the Act, anything lawful taking place 840 00:43:25.200 --> 00:43:28.600 prior to the introduction of the Act can continue, 841 00:43:28.633 --> 00:43:31.500 free from any formal approval process, 842 00:43:31.533 --> 00:43:33.700 so long as it doesn't expand. 843 00:43:35.733 --> 00:43:38.933 New South Wales have held their end of the bargain, 844 00:43:38.967 --> 00:43:41.067 keeping their program the same size, 845 00:43:41.067 --> 00:43:44.767 51 beaches, since the year 2000. 846 00:43:44.800 --> 00:43:47.600 But Queensland continues to push its luck 847 00:43:47.633 --> 00:43:48.833 with the law. 848 00:43:48.867 --> 00:43:51.200 They have expanded and intensified 849 00:43:51.233 --> 00:43:53.467 the Shark Control Program significantly 850 00:43:53.500 --> 00:43:55.500 in the past 20 years, 851 00:43:55.533 --> 00:43:57.667 breaching the very loophole 852 00:43:57.700 --> 00:44:01.167 they used to avoid needing official approval. 853 00:44:01.200 --> 00:44:04.967 And they are suffering zero consequences. 854 00:44:05.067 --> 00:44:08.233 This could well be the next legal challenge to culling. 855 00:44:13.300 --> 00:44:14.800 [man 1 speaking indistinctly] 856 00:44:14.833 --> 00:44:16.700 [man 2] Just come back here with that camera for a minute, 857 00:44:16.733 --> 00:44:17.800 please, I haven't finished. 858 00:44:17.833 --> 00:44:18.800 [man 1] She's got certain... 859 00:44:18.833 --> 00:44:20.067 [overlapping chatter] 860 00:44:20.100 --> 00:44:21.800 [man 1] ...concerns about the safety of the operation. 861 00:44:21.833 --> 00:44:23.267 [man 2] Oh, I want that camera. 862 00:44:23.300 --> 00:44:26.633 [o overlapping chatter] 863 00:44:26.667 --> 00:44:30.400 [man 1] So we'll just get your names and addresses at this stage. 864 00:44:30.433 --> 00:44:34.867 And we'll get the full details from the lady on board the boat, okay? 865 00:44:48.833 --> 00:44:51.300 [Migah Lester] Back in 1992, on Easter Monday, 866 00:44:51.333 --> 00:44:55.233 myself and two kids from the neighborhood were hanging out all day. 867 00:44:55.267 --> 00:44:57.600 One of them, his name was Paul Rogers. 868 00:44:57.633 --> 00:44:59.533 And it was a typical hot day 869 00:44:59.567 --> 00:45:01.700 in the Easter holidays on the Gold Coast. 870 00:45:01.733 --> 00:45:03.500 So we asked our parents if we could go surfing. 871 00:45:03.533 --> 00:45:05.100 They said, "Yes," as long as we surf 872 00:45:05.133 --> 00:45:07.600 right next to the patrol flags. 873 00:45:07.633 --> 00:45:09.967 I had been surfing the previous two weeks, 874 00:45:10.067 --> 00:45:13.933 so I knew that there was a drumline that had been washed in. 875 00:45:13.967 --> 00:45:15.267 I paddled out, 876 00:45:15.300 --> 00:45:18.700 and I noticed my two friends didn't get out of the back. 877 00:45:18.733 --> 00:45:21.167 And I was a little bit older, I was 11, 878 00:45:21.200 --> 00:45:23.167 so I was thinking, "Oh, maybe they're just struggling 879 00:45:23.200 --> 00:45:24.700 to get through the little white waters, 880 00:45:24.733 --> 00:45:26.167 to get out the back." 881 00:45:26.200 --> 00:45:27.867 But I drifted into the patrol flags 882 00:45:27.900 --> 00:45:29.500 where we're not allowed to surf and I thought, 883 00:45:29.533 --> 00:45:31.600 "Okay, instead of paddling against the current, 884 00:45:31.633 --> 00:45:34.133 I'll run around and see if they're in the shore break and I'll join them." 885 00:45:35.200 --> 00:45:38.567 As I got to the beach, I was running on the sand 886 00:45:38.600 --> 00:45:42.200 and I'd seen a bunch of lifeguards 887 00:45:42.233 --> 00:45:44.100 bringing Paul in, carrying him in. 888 00:45:44.133 --> 00:45:46.067 My immediate thought was, "Oh, wow. 889 00:45:46.067 --> 00:45:48.333 Paul is helping them with their training." 890 00:45:48.367 --> 00:45:49.800 They put him down on the ground, 891 00:45:49.833 --> 00:45:52.167 and the second they put him on the ground, they started CPR. 892 00:45:56.300 --> 00:46:00.900 The first thing I noticed was, when I looked down at Paul, 893 00:46:00.933 --> 00:46:04.167 I could see his ankle had these 894 00:46:04.200 --> 00:46:05.667 really deep, intense... 895 00:46:06.833 --> 00:46:08.500 rope or cable marks 896 00:46:08.533 --> 00:46:10.567 that looked like it was wrapped around his ankle. 897 00:46:11.133 --> 00:46:12.900 His eyes were open, 898 00:46:12.933 --> 00:46:14.633 and the guys who were doing CPR were crying, 899 00:46:14.667 --> 00:46:16.633 and it all kind of, like, sunk in, you know. 900 00:46:16.667 --> 00:46:18.600 We're just little kids and it's like, "Oh, my God." 901 00:46:22.667 --> 00:46:25.933 It was the next morning when I was heading to the hospital to see him, 902 00:46:25.967 --> 00:46:29.300 and he was in intensive care, and then on the radio, 903 00:46:29.333 --> 00:46:31.067 it came on that he didn't make it. 904 00:46:31.067 --> 00:46:32.633 That's something that I'll never forget, 905 00:46:32.667 --> 00:46:34.067 that I've always lived with. 906 00:46:35.700 --> 00:46:39.067 I just don't... I don't know, man. I just... 907 00:46:39.100 --> 00:46:42.667 The audacity of that Shark Control Program or the people that run it, 908 00:46:42.700 --> 00:46:46.467 to use Paul as a way to bring in a ruling to protect their own interests, 909 00:46:46.500 --> 00:46:48.633 for them to use his death as an excuse 910 00:46:48.667 --> 00:46:52.067 to just try and stop people investigating what's going on. 911 00:46:52.067 --> 00:46:53.733 Do you know your negligence 912 00:46:53.767 --> 00:46:56.600 is directly responsible for my friend's death? 913 00:46:56.633 --> 00:46:58.833 Like, directly responsible. 914 00:46:58.867 --> 00:47:00.433 There's no other way to cut it. 915 00:47:00.467 --> 00:47:03.100 You put an object in the water, it washed in, 916 00:47:03.133 --> 00:47:06.067 it was there for two weeks, and you didn't remove it. 917 00:47:06.067 --> 00:47:08.167 You pass the blame on to other people, 918 00:47:08.200 --> 00:47:10.867 you pass the responsibility to the lifeguards, 919 00:47:10.900 --> 00:47:13.467 to the Surf Lifesaving Club. You didn't get it out. 920 00:47:13.500 --> 00:47:15.067 And you know, this equipment, 921 00:47:15.067 --> 00:47:16.567 when it gets washed in and buried, 922 00:47:16.600 --> 00:47:18.667 you can't get your Shark Control boats in there. 923 00:47:18.700 --> 00:47:20.433 And you don't go and cut them, 924 00:47:20.467 --> 00:47:22.967 like, why the hell aren't you cutting them and removing them? 925 00:47:23.067 --> 00:47:25.067 Why are they even there in the first place? 926 00:47:25.067 --> 00:47:26.700 It just shows where their intent lies, 927 00:47:26.733 --> 00:47:28.367 it shows it's not there for protection, 928 00:47:28.400 --> 00:47:31.167 it's there for their own intent. 929 00:47:33.533 --> 00:47:35.400 I'd love to know the response 930 00:47:35.433 --> 00:47:37.267 from the actual people that are in the water. 931 00:47:37.300 --> 00:47:39.067 I'd love to hear their opinions of it, 932 00:47:39.100 --> 00:47:41.600 instead of a fisherman whose job is to go out and kill stuff. 933 00:47:43.067 --> 00:47:44.667 But what about all the rest of us, you know? 934 00:47:44.700 --> 00:47:46.933 We don't want marine animals 935 00:47:46.967 --> 00:47:49.267 being caught on hooks and wrapped in nets 936 00:47:49.300 --> 00:47:51.400 off where we're surfing and swimming. 937 00:47:51.433 --> 00:47:54.567 It's like, the person who's doing this, like, where's your morals? 938 00:47:54.600 --> 00:47:56.133 Like, where's your heart in this? 939 00:47:56.167 --> 00:47:58.100 You say you're there to protect us, but you're not. 940 00:47:58.133 --> 00:47:59.300 You're probably sitting in an office. 941 00:47:59.333 --> 00:48:01.067 You're not the one in the lineups, 942 00:48:01.100 --> 00:48:03.067 you're not the one whose kid is surfing there. 943 00:48:03.067 --> 00:48:06.367 Have you even taken into consideration how his mum feels? 944 00:48:06.400 --> 00:48:09.467 No. She's, like, an amazing woman with an amazing kid. 945 00:48:09.500 --> 00:48:13.500 Like, Paul was the nicest kid you could ever meet. 946 00:48:13.533 --> 00:48:17.400 And you took that away. He'd be 38 today. 947 00:48:17.433 --> 00:48:20.933 And now 22 years later, you wanna bring a rule in that just protects yourself. 948 00:48:20.967 --> 00:48:24.400 It has no interest in protecting anyone else. 949 00:48:24.433 --> 00:48:27.267 So it really shows what your true colors are. 950 00:48:43.400 --> 00:48:46.100 [man 1] A teenager is, tonight, counting his lucky stars, 951 00:48:46.133 --> 00:48:49.400 after coming within centimeters of the jaws of a shark. 952 00:48:49.433 --> 00:48:53.667 He'd been surfing off Bribie Island, when the predator struck. 953 00:48:53.700 --> 00:48:56.067 [man 2] 18 drumlines along Bribie Island 954 00:48:56.067 --> 00:48:58.067 keep the public relatively safe, 955 00:48:58.100 --> 00:49:00.600 but they can't stop every shark. 956 00:49:07.533 --> 00:49:10.367 [man 3] In Queensland, history shows us, 957 00:49:10.400 --> 00:49:13.067 and the CSIRO has published data, 958 00:49:13.100 --> 00:49:14.867 to show that in the 1930s, 959 00:49:14.900 --> 00:49:17.933 there were a considerable number of shark bite incidences 960 00:49:17.967 --> 00:49:20.900 on the Queensland coast, including the Gold Coast. 961 00:49:20.933 --> 00:49:23.933 In the 1930s, the 1940s, the numbers were quite high. 962 00:49:23.967 --> 00:49:27.067 And then the numbers started dropping off in the '50s and the '60s. 963 00:49:27.067 --> 00:49:29.533 And since then, the numbers have remained flat. 964 00:49:29.567 --> 00:49:32.967 So the numbers have remained flat 965 00:49:34.400 --> 00:49:37.500 from before the Shark Control Program equipment 966 00:49:37.533 --> 00:49:40.067 has been deployed. 967 00:49:40.067 --> 00:49:43.833 And so you can't put a causal link between the low numbers 968 00:49:43.867 --> 00:49:46.567 and the Shark Control Program equipment. 969 00:49:47.867 --> 00:49:51.900 [Paul] More people die from drowning around Australia. 970 00:49:51.933 --> 00:49:56.367 So many more people die from drowning around Australia 971 00:49:56.400 --> 00:49:57.933 than die from sharks. 972 00:50:00.000 --> 00:50:03.700 And yet, there's no attention being brought to the drowning problem, 973 00:50:03.733 --> 00:50:05.433 only killing of sharks. 974 00:50:09.433 --> 00:50:12.067 [Dr. Leonardo] When you look at shark mitigation, you know, 975 00:50:12.100 --> 00:50:15.800 just because you've been doing something for so many years, 976 00:50:15.833 --> 00:50:17.833 doesn't mean it's the right way. 977 00:50:17.867 --> 00:50:19.400 I mean, societies have changed 978 00:50:19.433 --> 00:50:23.833 over a variety of issues because cultures change, perceptions change, 979 00:50:23.867 --> 00:50:25.900 technology changes, knowledge changes. 980 00:50:25.933 --> 00:50:28.300 So when you look at shark mitigation, 981 00:50:28.333 --> 00:50:30.867 if we use the analogy of road safety, 982 00:50:30.900 --> 00:50:33.833 60 years ago, the road toll was a lot higher. 983 00:50:33.867 --> 00:50:37.367 Since then, we've gotten better with car technology, 984 00:50:37.400 --> 00:50:40.167 ABS braking, airbags, road education, 985 00:50:40.200 --> 00:50:42.067 people getting their licenses has improved. 986 00:50:42.100 --> 00:50:43.800 We've improved our road laws, 987 00:50:43.833 --> 00:50:45.433 and we've reduced the road toll. 988 00:50:45.467 --> 00:50:48.900 And guess what? We didn't take cars off the road. 989 00:50:48.933 --> 00:50:51.233 So why would shark control be any different? 990 00:50:51.267 --> 00:50:52.633 Why would we say, 991 00:50:52.667 --> 00:50:55.400 "No, let's stick to what we've been doing for the past 60 years, 992 00:50:55.433 --> 00:50:56.800 let's not move with the times, 993 00:50:56.833 --> 00:50:58.233 let's not move with technology, 994 00:50:58.267 --> 00:50:59.867 let's not move with education, 995 00:50:59.900 --> 00:51:02.200 let's not move with the knowledge we get, 996 00:51:02.233 --> 00:51:04.333 and still go, "Oh, yeah, but everything's fine?" 997 00:51:05.900 --> 00:51:07.133 It does not make sense. 998 00:51:12.633 --> 00:51:15.600 [Jonathan] On our Gold Coast, they're all for killing animals in the ocean, 999 00:51:15.633 --> 00:51:17.100 in the name of their tourism industry, 1000 00:51:17.133 --> 00:51:19.367 'cause they seem to be scared down there 1001 00:51:19.400 --> 00:51:22.067 of the day when the sharks are going to walk out 1002 00:51:22.067 --> 00:51:23.533 on their fins, 1003 00:51:23.567 --> 00:51:26.067 on the beach, and start biting people. 1004 00:51:26.100 --> 00:51:28.600 It's more discouraging here in Australia 1005 00:51:28.633 --> 00:51:30.367 than it is, for example, in Indonesia. 1006 00:51:30.400 --> 00:51:31.933 In Indonesia, I work with men 1007 00:51:31.967 --> 00:51:33.967 that spend weeks offshore killing hundreds of sharks. 1008 00:51:34.067 --> 00:51:35.600 And I have more respect for them, 1009 00:51:35.633 --> 00:51:37.667 because they're doing that to feed their families. 1010 00:51:37.700 --> 00:51:40.067 Whereas here, we're doing it for a false sense of comfort. 1011 00:51:40.067 --> 00:51:42.567 We have absolutely no right and no excuse 1012 00:51:42.600 --> 00:51:44.633 to be treating our wildlife the way that we do, 1013 00:51:44.667 --> 00:51:47.300 other than blind ignorance and selfishness. 1014 00:51:47.333 --> 00:51:49.067 So it's far harder to respect 1015 00:51:49.067 --> 00:51:50.733 things that are occurring in my own country, 1016 00:51:50.767 --> 00:51:52.533 and to see it from their perspective. 1017 00:51:52.567 --> 00:51:55.233 We react to sharks like they're terrorists. 1018 00:51:55.267 --> 00:51:57.800 When I'm in America and someone's been bitten by a shark, 1019 00:51:57.833 --> 00:52:00.500 and when I lived in Hawaii, and someone was bitten by a shark, 1020 00:52:00.533 --> 00:52:03.067 everybody's like, "Oh, well, he knew the risks. 1021 00:52:03.067 --> 00:52:04.967 And this is their home, not ours." 1022 00:52:05.067 --> 00:52:07.400 But in Australia, it's so different. It's like, 1023 00:52:07.433 --> 00:52:09.467 "We're out for blood now. Revenge time." 1024 00:52:10.533 --> 00:52:13.133 Our biggest mistake, being public Australians 1025 00:52:13.167 --> 00:52:15.333 that interact with these animals every day, 1026 00:52:15.367 --> 00:52:17.633 is putting our faith in the government to protect us, 1027 00:52:17.667 --> 00:52:19.067 because that is not their goal. 1028 00:52:19.100 --> 00:52:22.067 And so far, they've not been successful with that. 1029 00:52:28.067 --> 00:52:31.167 [Bana] Sharks aren't the only victims of the cull. 1030 00:52:31.200 --> 00:52:36.333 At some beaches, up to 97% of animals caught in the nets 1031 00:52:36.367 --> 00:52:38.967 are made up of other innocent marine life. 1032 00:52:40.100 --> 00:52:45.433 Whales, dolphins, rays, turtles. 1033 00:52:46.733 --> 00:52:49.967 Animals that are loved all around the world. 1034 00:52:51.200 --> 00:52:54.733 Animals that are on the endangered species list. 1035 00:52:56.067 --> 00:52:59.867 Animals that are supposed to be protected in our waters. 1036 00:53:09.967 --> 00:53:13.400 Shark culling has many destructive, unintended consequences 1037 00:53:13.433 --> 00:53:15.500 and it's mostly coming from by-catch. 1038 00:53:15.533 --> 00:53:18.233 Um, whales, dolphins, turtles, rays, 1039 00:53:18.267 --> 00:53:20.733 and all of these animals are incredibly vital 1040 00:53:20.767 --> 00:53:22.100 to these ocean ecosystems 1041 00:53:22.133 --> 00:53:24.600 that are already under so much stress. 1042 00:53:24.633 --> 00:53:26.633 [Madison] So the very first time I went out to the shark nets 1043 00:53:26.667 --> 00:53:28.567 was on this dodgy little dinghy with a friend of mine 1044 00:53:28.600 --> 00:53:31.067 in really rough weather, and I saw three dead stingrays, 1045 00:53:31.100 --> 00:53:33.533 and it was just this huge wake-up call of, 1046 00:53:33.567 --> 00:53:34.967 how on earth is this happening 1047 00:53:35.067 --> 00:53:36.067 and how are people ignoring it? 1048 00:53:36.100 --> 00:53:38.267 I think that the whales being caught 1049 00:53:38.300 --> 00:53:41.167 is probably the only thing that really makes the public look at them and think, 1050 00:53:41.200 --> 00:53:42.867 "Oh, wow, that's terrible." 1051 00:53:42.900 --> 00:53:44.667 And since then, I've had the opportunity 1052 00:53:44.700 --> 00:53:46.333 to go out there and see the damage they're doing 1053 00:53:46.367 --> 00:53:47.733 off our coastline a lot more. 1054 00:53:47.767 --> 00:53:50.233 So it's been one of the hardest things 1055 00:53:50.267 --> 00:53:52.933 that I've ever had to come up against in conservation as well, 1056 00:53:52.967 --> 00:53:56.800 because you're dealing with something people think protects them. 1057 00:53:56.833 --> 00:53:59.300 If you could see all the other stuff caught in them, 1058 00:53:59.333 --> 00:54:00.267 it's insane. 1059 00:55:04.200 --> 00:55:07.500 [groaning] 1060 00:56:02.600 --> 00:56:09.367 [squeaking and grunting] 1061 00:56:32.167 --> 00:56:36.833 [squeaking and grunting continue] 1062 00:57:44.067 --> 00:57:46.800 [Holly] The day that I found a humpback whale 1063 00:57:46.833 --> 00:57:48.367 caught in a shark net 1064 00:57:48.400 --> 00:57:52.900 was possibly one of the worst days of my life. 1065 00:57:52.933 --> 00:57:56.900 To see this animal that we see on our coastlines, 1066 00:57:56.933 --> 00:57:59.600 breaching and slapping and playing, 1067 00:57:59.633 --> 00:58:03.300 and to see one physically wrapped in a net 1068 00:58:03.333 --> 00:58:05.600 in just silence there, um, 1069 00:58:05.633 --> 00:58:08.100 doing a behavior that obviously I've never seen before, 1070 00:58:08.133 --> 00:58:09.167 it was just, 1071 00:58:09.200 --> 00:58:11.400 it was hopeless, and it was just sitting there, 1072 00:58:11.433 --> 00:58:13.567 um, just able to breathe on the surface. 1073 00:58:13.600 --> 00:58:15.933 So getting in the water with that whale 1074 00:58:15.967 --> 00:58:18.600 was the first time I've ever swam with a whale. 1075 00:58:18.633 --> 00:58:21.367 And it was just still, 1076 00:58:21.400 --> 00:58:24.200 and it would just come up for breaths every now and then. 1077 00:58:24.233 --> 00:58:28.467 And I remember the rope just being 1078 00:58:28.500 --> 00:58:31.633 entangled around its face, rubbing on its eye, 1079 00:58:31.667 --> 00:58:34.167 and there was nothing I could have done. 1080 00:58:34.200 --> 00:58:35.933 It was physically exhausted. 1081 00:58:35.967 --> 00:58:38.933 You could see, along the dorsal fin, along the spine, 1082 00:58:38.967 --> 00:58:40.967 it was cut in, bleeding. 1083 00:58:41.067 --> 00:58:43.300 And just looking at its face as well, 1084 00:58:43.333 --> 00:58:46.533 just being completely entangled in that net, was really horrible to see. 1085 00:58:46.567 --> 00:58:48.067 And it was one of those moments 1086 00:58:48.067 --> 00:58:50.500 where you wanted to get closer to look at it more, 1087 00:58:50.533 --> 00:58:53.333 but at the same time, this animal is highly stressed. 1088 00:59:00.067 --> 00:59:02.500 Humpback whales will migrate past this coastline 1089 00:59:02.533 --> 00:59:03.767 every year during winter. 1090 00:59:03.800 --> 00:59:06.067 And they basically will go up 1091 00:59:06.067 --> 00:59:07.433 to the Northern Great Barrier Reef, 1092 00:59:07.467 --> 00:59:09.833 give birth to their young and migrate down south, 1093 00:59:09.867 --> 00:59:13.167 and they're doing this on a limited budget of energy. 1094 00:59:13.200 --> 00:59:15.233 So there's no food sources 1095 00:59:15.267 --> 00:59:17.200 along this coastline for these guys. 1096 00:59:17.233 --> 00:59:18.967 And it's very important for them 1097 00:59:19.067 --> 00:59:20.667 to use their energy wisely 1098 00:59:20.700 --> 00:59:22.933 and if they are entangled in a net, 1099 00:59:22.967 --> 00:59:26.367 that takes a lot of energy, a lot of stress. 1100 00:59:26.400 --> 00:59:30.533 We never found our target species in the shark nets. 1101 00:59:30.567 --> 00:59:32.600 And the rest were all by-catch. 1102 00:59:32.633 --> 00:59:34.200 That takes a toll on you as well, 1103 00:59:34.233 --> 00:59:37.567 because you're in the water filming these animals. 1104 00:59:37.600 --> 00:59:39.500 We're mentally prepared for the by-catch, 1105 00:59:39.533 --> 00:59:42.267 but nowhere near as much as what we actually found. 1106 00:59:42.300 --> 00:59:45.367 So that was something that really sort of hit home, 1107 00:59:45.400 --> 00:59:49.533 is realizing that we were finding animals 1108 00:59:49.567 --> 00:59:52.167 that we didn't think that we would find. 1109 00:59:52.200 --> 00:59:57.667 I've had the experience of listening to the footage afterwards 1110 00:59:57.700 --> 00:59:59.567 where I've, uh, 1111 00:59:59.600 --> 01:00:01.867 I've been the captain on the boat. 1112 01:00:01.900 --> 01:00:03.600 I was managing the operation. 1113 01:00:03.633 --> 01:00:07.833 I have this dedicated crew of people who, 1114 01:00:07.867 --> 01:00:09.333 by the nature of what we're doing, 1115 01:00:09.367 --> 01:00:12.600 these are people who care deeply about everything that we do 1116 01:00:12.633 --> 01:00:15.767 and about every one of those individual animals. 1117 01:00:15.800 --> 01:00:17.867 And, um... 1118 01:00:17.900 --> 01:00:22.367 I've had to listen to the responses of my divers. 1119 01:00:24.367 --> 01:00:29.533 [diver crying] 1120 01:01:04.067 --> 01:01:05.333 When I look at that footage afterwards, 1121 01:01:05.367 --> 01:01:07.767 I might not know what's going on underwater, 1122 01:01:08.633 --> 01:01:10.800 except for what I'm told. 1123 01:01:10.833 --> 01:01:16.433 But when I listen to a diver crying underwater, um... 1124 01:01:16.467 --> 01:01:20.433 When I listened to a diver spontaneously apologize 1125 01:01:20.467 --> 01:01:23.433 to the animals under there, 1126 01:01:23.467 --> 01:01:25.067 it gets me 1127 01:01:25.067 --> 01:01:28.633 when I'm sitting there in my living room, watching it on a computer, 1128 01:01:28.667 --> 01:01:30.167 to try and get that message out. 1129 01:01:30.200 --> 01:01:33.700 How do we do that, uh, effectively? 1130 01:01:33.733 --> 01:01:37.600 Uh, and how do I look after my crew 1131 01:01:37.633 --> 01:01:39.833 when we're doing that? 1132 01:01:39.867 --> 01:01:41.367 And we're not just doing it once. 1133 01:01:41.400 --> 01:01:44.767 We're doing it again and again and again. 1134 01:02:05.900 --> 01:02:07.967 [Bana] By baiting and trapping marine animals 1135 01:02:08.067 --> 01:02:10.300 with only intermittent checking, 1136 01:02:10.333 --> 01:02:11.733 nets and drumlines 1137 01:02:11.767 --> 01:02:14.433 are creating a floating seafood buffet 1138 01:02:14.467 --> 01:02:16.200 for our apex predators. 1139 01:02:17.433 --> 01:02:20.367 There's evidence to show that because of this, 1140 01:02:20.400 --> 01:02:24.467 these measures are luring large sharks closer to shore 1141 01:02:24.500 --> 01:02:26.333 for an easy meal. 1142 01:02:26.367 --> 01:02:28.067 Given the proven ineffectiveness 1143 01:02:28.067 --> 01:02:29.133 of these measures 1144 01:02:29.167 --> 01:02:30.500 in the first place, 1145 01:02:30.533 --> 01:02:33.733 logic tells us that we have to question 1146 01:02:33.767 --> 01:02:37.433 how safe this is really keeping us. 1147 01:02:37.467 --> 01:02:40.600 There's always a bigger, hungrier fish out there. 1148 01:02:41.900 --> 01:02:44.700 Do we really want to be enticing them to our beaches? 1149 01:02:50.567 --> 01:02:52.067 [Holly] Through our findings, we found animals 1150 01:02:52.067 --> 01:02:54.067 that were there for more than a week, 1151 01:02:54.100 --> 01:02:56.633 that had fully started to decompose. 1152 01:02:56.667 --> 01:03:00.500 The chemicals and the smells are leeching into the water 1153 01:03:00.533 --> 01:03:01.800 from the entanglements, 1154 01:03:01.833 --> 01:03:04.733 and same goes for the baited drumlines. 1155 01:03:04.767 --> 01:03:06.933 You're gonna be luring sharks closer to shore. 1156 01:03:08.933 --> 01:03:12.267 [man] So let's go back to putting baited hooks 1157 01:03:12.300 --> 01:03:15.333 just off the surf break, just off the swimming beaches. 1158 01:03:15.367 --> 01:03:17.333 Does that actually make sense? 1159 01:03:18.300 --> 01:03:20.333 [Paul] I've actually worked with the DPI 1160 01:03:20.367 --> 01:03:22.967 in New South Wales on their SMART drumlines 1161 01:03:23.067 --> 01:03:24.700 for a very brief period of time. 1162 01:03:24.733 --> 01:03:27.533 And these drumlines are attracting sharks in. 1163 01:03:27.567 --> 01:03:29.300 Now, they said they wouldn't, 1164 01:03:29.333 --> 01:03:31.067 but when I was out there on the boat, 1165 01:03:31.100 --> 01:03:35.500 we caught two great whites on the same hook 1166 01:03:35.533 --> 01:03:37.733 within a matter of minutes. 1167 01:03:37.767 --> 01:03:41.433 And this was half a kilometer from a popular swimming beach. 1168 01:03:41.467 --> 01:03:42.967 So what does that tell you 1169 01:03:43.067 --> 01:03:45.867 about what these drumlines are attracting 1170 01:03:45.900 --> 01:03:47.133 to their baited hooks? 1171 01:03:48.267 --> 01:03:50.867 [Holly] Not only is it the deceased animals 1172 01:03:50.900 --> 01:03:52.800 that are luring sharks close to shore. 1173 01:03:52.833 --> 01:03:56.367 The stressed animals, sharks can sense that. 1174 01:03:56.400 --> 01:03:58.667 They can sense the vibrations and pulses 1175 01:03:58.700 --> 01:04:01.567 through their sensory system, that there is an animal in distress 1176 01:04:01.600 --> 01:04:03.567 that could potentially be a prey item. 1177 01:04:03.600 --> 01:04:05.567 So if it's dead or alive, 1178 01:04:05.600 --> 01:04:07.600 any animal caught in a shark net, 1179 01:04:07.633 --> 01:04:09.333 a shark passing by 1180 01:04:09.367 --> 01:04:11.433 is most likely going to come over 1181 01:04:11.467 --> 01:04:13.900 and be curious about what's in this net. 1182 01:04:18.167 --> 01:04:21.133 And through the entanglement that I witnessed at Noosa the other day, 1183 01:04:21.167 --> 01:04:23.167 those beaches are not cleared. 1184 01:04:23.200 --> 01:04:24.300 Now I'll tell you, at Noosa, 1185 01:04:24.333 --> 01:04:26.567 we know that there was a large shark under that net. 1186 01:04:26.600 --> 01:04:28.233 And of course, 1187 01:04:28.267 --> 01:04:31.833 an injured, stressed animal is going to be an attractant for that predator. 1188 01:04:31.867 --> 01:04:35.067 Was the beach cleared? No, it wasn't. 1189 01:04:35.067 --> 01:04:38.200 When that wire was left at Bilinga Beach, 1190 01:04:38.233 --> 01:04:41.200 on the sea floor after it died, were the beaches cleared? 1191 01:04:41.233 --> 01:04:44.133 Was there an education program put in place? 1192 01:04:44.167 --> 01:04:44.967 No, there wasn't. 1193 01:04:59.100 --> 01:05:01.500 Uh, there was one particular time where we found 1194 01:05:01.533 --> 01:05:03.833 a shovelnose ray caught in the bottom 1195 01:05:03.867 --> 01:05:06.700 of the Surfers Paradise net on the Gold Coast. 1196 01:05:06.733 --> 01:05:10.767 And this ray had humongous bite marks out of it. 1197 01:05:10.800 --> 01:05:14.567 So this large shovelnose ray was about two to three meters. 1198 01:05:14.600 --> 01:05:17.833 We checked all the nets on the Gold Coast that day 1199 01:05:17.867 --> 01:05:20.967 and there was no shark in any of the shark nets, 1200 01:05:21.067 --> 01:05:22.967 and that raises the question 1201 01:05:23.067 --> 01:05:25.567 that this animal was caught in this net, 1202 01:05:25.600 --> 01:05:29.533 the shark had managed to maneuver around the net 1203 01:05:29.567 --> 01:05:31.267 without becoming entangled in it. 1204 01:05:33.133 --> 01:05:36.467 [man] A monster shark measuring more than five meters 1205 01:05:36.500 --> 01:05:39.067 is lurking off North Stradbroke Island. 1206 01:05:39.067 --> 01:05:40.933 The Bligh government's released photos 1207 01:05:40.967 --> 01:05:43.967 showing how it mauled another large white pointer. 1208 01:05:44.967 --> 01:05:47.067 [woman] Like a bit of bait on a hook, 1209 01:05:47.067 --> 01:05:48.733 the predator, which became a meal 1210 01:05:48.767 --> 01:05:50.167 for an even bigger shark, 1211 01:05:50.200 --> 01:05:52.067 after being caught on a drumline 1212 01:05:52.067 --> 01:05:54.267 about half an hour from where Sarah Whiley 1213 01:05:54.300 --> 01:05:56.067 was killed by a shark at Amity, 1214 01:05:56.067 --> 01:05:57.867 the state government's take on it 1215 01:05:57.900 --> 01:06:01.500 is that we should be happy the Shark Control Program's doing its job, 1216 01:06:01.533 --> 01:06:04.233 catching the smaller shark in the first place. 1217 01:06:04.267 --> 01:06:07.067 But what about the monster which feasted on it? 1218 01:06:12.500 --> 01:06:16.900 When you tell people that an area is safer, 1219 01:06:16.933 --> 01:06:19.733 when you haven't indeed made it safer, 1220 01:06:19.767 --> 01:06:22.767 that leads human beings to make decisions, 1221 01:06:22.800 --> 01:06:25.933 to do things they feel confident there's less risk in, 1222 01:06:25.967 --> 01:06:27.767 and there may be more risk. 1223 01:06:27.800 --> 01:06:30.067 It leads people to take extra risk. 1224 01:06:39.100 --> 01:06:41.900 I learned to surf just there, at Manly Beach, 1225 01:06:41.933 --> 01:06:44.067 right there in the southern corner in front of the surf club. 1226 01:06:44.100 --> 01:06:46.067 My dad was a clubbie at Manly Surf Club. 1227 01:06:46.067 --> 01:06:48.600 My older brother Jason is a surfer. 1228 01:06:48.633 --> 01:06:50.800 Any girl that grows up with an older brother surfing, 1229 01:06:50.833 --> 01:06:52.233 they wanna do it with them, too. 1230 01:06:52.267 --> 01:06:54.967 I can honestly say I do it a little bit better than my brother. 1231 01:06:59.067 --> 01:07:02.133 [Tom] So the ocean is kind of like a spiritual home for me. 1232 01:07:02.167 --> 01:07:06.167 My mother gave me a surfboard just before she passed away. 1233 01:07:06.200 --> 01:07:09.367 So in essence, that surfboard took me into the ocean, 1234 01:07:09.400 --> 01:07:12.367 so the ocean has been kind of holding me 1235 01:07:12.400 --> 01:07:14.633 and the surfboard's been holding me since, 1236 01:07:14.667 --> 01:07:16.600 in a way, that, um... 1237 01:07:16.633 --> 01:07:18.767 Yeah, I don't know. It's hard to explain it. 1238 01:07:20.233 --> 01:07:21.700 It's definitely an on-the-moment thing, 1239 01:07:21.733 --> 01:07:23.233 that the ocean just tells us 1240 01:07:23.267 --> 01:07:25.333 how to actually be really present with her. 1241 01:07:25.367 --> 01:07:27.900 And I think that's why I kind of go back to her, 1242 01:07:27.933 --> 01:07:32.067 because she just absolutely demands all my attention. 1243 01:07:34.667 --> 01:07:37.067 [Layne] When I'm out here at Freshwater, for example, 1244 01:07:37.067 --> 01:07:39.400 and I talk to local surfers, and I ask them, 1245 01:07:39.433 --> 01:07:41.367 "What's your position on sharks 1246 01:07:41.400 --> 01:07:42.867 and shark mitigation," 1247 01:07:42.900 --> 01:07:44.533 one of them said to me today, 1248 01:07:44.567 --> 01:07:47.100 "See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil." 1249 01:07:49.567 --> 01:07:51.200 I'm seven times world champion surfer 1250 01:07:51.233 --> 01:07:52.833 and chair of Surfing Australia, 1251 01:07:52.867 --> 01:07:55.467 and I completely understand 1252 01:07:55.500 --> 01:07:57.400 that the minute I immerse myself in the water, 1253 01:07:57.433 --> 01:08:01.067 I'm immersing myself into their environment, their domain, 1254 01:08:01.067 --> 01:08:04.167 and you have to accept that they're a predator. 1255 01:08:04.200 --> 01:08:08.800 I feel that that mentality is widely respected 1256 01:08:08.833 --> 01:08:10.233 around the world in most surfers. 1257 01:08:10.267 --> 01:08:12.733 I can't speak on behalf of every surfer, 1258 01:08:12.767 --> 01:08:16.100 but I know from my individual perspective, 1259 01:08:16.133 --> 01:08:18.333 I recognize that there is an inherent risk 1260 01:08:18.367 --> 01:08:19.867 every time I enter the water. 1261 01:08:19.900 --> 01:08:22.067 I do what I can to mitigate that risk, 1262 01:08:22.067 --> 01:08:24.533 but I'm also willing to take that risk. 1263 01:08:32.067 --> 01:08:33.900 My desire to surf is unwavering, 1264 01:08:33.933 --> 01:08:35.767 irrespective of whether there's nets there or not. 1265 01:08:35.800 --> 01:08:38.133 Having traveled the world as a professional surfer, 1266 01:08:38.167 --> 01:08:40.067 I've surfed in countless oceans 1267 01:08:40.067 --> 01:08:42.800 and countless surf spots where I know there aren't nets 1268 01:08:42.833 --> 01:08:45.133 and that has never affected my choice to go surfing 1269 01:08:45.167 --> 01:08:47.233 or my decision to go surfing. 1270 01:08:47.267 --> 01:08:50.633 [Tom] I take personal responsibility anytime. 1271 01:08:50.667 --> 01:08:52.567 I think that's our... 1272 01:08:52.600 --> 01:08:55.233 I hope that's our culture here in Australia, you know. 1273 01:08:55.267 --> 01:08:59.067 I hope to think every Australian can think like this. 1274 01:09:01.333 --> 01:09:03.133 To be honest, I've been surfing 1275 01:09:03.167 --> 01:09:04.933 for, what, 51 years now. 1276 01:09:04.967 --> 01:09:07.567 And while surfing, I may have seen... 1277 01:09:10.233 --> 01:09:11.600 five sharks. 1278 01:09:11.633 --> 01:09:14.367 Not just surfing part-time. [laughs] 1279 01:09:14.400 --> 01:09:15.900 That's surfing a lot. 1280 01:09:15.933 --> 01:09:18.200 In remote areas around this country 1281 01:09:18.233 --> 01:09:20.067 where you're gonna see sharks. 1282 01:09:21.267 --> 01:09:22.333 When we look at the shark, 1283 01:09:22.367 --> 01:09:25.067 which has been around here for millions of years, 1284 01:09:25.067 --> 01:09:27.100 it's literally a dinosaur, 1285 01:09:27.133 --> 01:09:31.133 it may appear to us to be a really dangerous creature 1286 01:09:31.167 --> 01:09:33.167 and bring up a lot of fear. 1287 01:09:34.667 --> 01:09:37.067 I've had first-hand experience with that. 1288 01:09:37.067 --> 01:09:39.400 I looked him straight in the eye. Big sharks. 1289 01:09:39.433 --> 01:09:44.433 And they've had, uh, a kind of response to me like, 1290 01:09:44.467 --> 01:09:46.800 "Hmm, that person's a predator, too." 1291 01:09:53.233 --> 01:09:58.267 [Layne] There's a very low chance of being bitten by a shark. 1292 01:09:58.300 --> 01:10:01.133 Like, the chances are very slim, very slender. 1293 01:10:01.167 --> 01:10:03.467 You have a higher incidence of being hit by a car 1294 01:10:03.500 --> 01:10:06.000 or stung by a bee and dying from that 1295 01:10:06.033 --> 01:10:08.300 than you do a shark attack. 1296 01:10:08.333 --> 01:10:10.967 I'm a believer and an advocate for coexisting. 1297 01:10:11.000 --> 01:10:13.567 Uh, we know, as ocean lovers, 1298 01:10:13.600 --> 01:10:15.200 that once we immerse ourselves in the ocean, 1299 01:10:15.233 --> 01:10:16.633 we're going into a shark domain, 1300 01:10:16.667 --> 01:10:20.667 and we have to recognize that that is one of the risks 1301 01:10:20.700 --> 01:10:23.133 that we're willing to accept. 1302 01:10:26.533 --> 01:10:28.333 Given we know what we know today, 1303 01:10:28.367 --> 01:10:30.633 it is absolutely archaic 1304 01:10:30.667 --> 01:10:32.833 that we're relying on a program 1305 01:10:32.867 --> 01:10:34.700 that was devised in 1930. 1306 01:10:34.733 --> 01:10:36.833 When I think about culling programs, 1307 01:10:36.867 --> 01:10:39.267 I just think it must come from a lack of education 1308 01:10:39.300 --> 01:10:41.067 and a cultural belief. 1309 01:10:41.100 --> 01:10:43.467 So if you really wanna truly educate yourself, 1310 01:10:43.500 --> 01:10:45.067 get off your board and dive underneath 1311 01:10:45.100 --> 01:10:46.900 and spend some time on the bottom. 1312 01:10:49.167 --> 01:10:50.567 [Tom] We're sophisticating ourselves 1313 01:10:50.600 --> 01:10:51.967 in so many areas now. 1314 01:10:52.000 --> 01:10:53.667 We've got a lot of great technologies 1315 01:10:53.700 --> 01:10:56.267 and they just keep on evolving. 1316 01:10:56.300 --> 01:10:58.500 We've got to tap into that, 1317 01:10:58.533 --> 01:11:02.933 and so we can live with nature because we are nature. 1318 01:11:02.967 --> 01:11:04.533 If we can use technology 1319 01:11:04.567 --> 01:11:07.100 to actually create that scenario, 1320 01:11:07.133 --> 01:11:08.633 I think that's ideal. 1321 01:11:11.067 --> 01:11:14.067 [water splashing] 1322 01:11:14.067 --> 01:11:15.667 I think New South Wales, 1323 01:11:15.700 --> 01:11:18.067 the shark management program here 1324 01:11:18.100 --> 01:11:19.567 and the shark management strategy 1325 01:11:19.600 --> 01:11:22.067 is in very much a transition phase. 1326 01:11:22.067 --> 01:11:24.133 And it has been for probably a decade now, 1327 01:11:24.167 --> 01:11:26.833 where it's moving away from lethal controls 1328 01:11:26.867 --> 01:11:29.700 like shark nets and lethal drumlines. 1329 01:11:29.733 --> 01:11:32.767 So SMART drumlines have been used for a few years down here 1330 01:11:32.800 --> 01:11:34.300 in New South Wales. 1331 01:11:34.333 --> 01:11:35.633 A SMART drumline is very similar 1332 01:11:35.667 --> 01:11:36.867 to a traditional drumline. 1333 01:11:36.900 --> 01:11:39.867 It's a baited hook on a floating buoy 1334 01:11:39.900 --> 01:11:41.833 about 500 meters off shore. 1335 01:11:41.867 --> 01:11:44.267 The differences is that this has a GPS transceiver 1336 01:11:44.300 --> 01:11:45.833 that sends a message to a satellite 1337 01:11:45.867 --> 01:11:47.233 once an animal is hooked, 1338 01:11:47.267 --> 01:11:49.700 that sends another message down to the contractor, 1339 01:11:49.733 --> 01:11:51.067 who can race out there, 1340 01:11:51.067 --> 01:11:53.367 uh, preferably or hopefully within about 30 minutes 1341 01:11:53.400 --> 01:11:54.833 of an animal being caught. 1342 01:11:54.867 --> 01:11:57.133 Um, if it's a non-target animal, 1343 01:11:57.167 --> 01:12:00.067 it's released on the spot immediately. 1344 01:12:00.100 --> 01:12:01.733 And if it is a target shark, 1345 01:12:01.767 --> 01:12:03.633 um, it can be tagged and relocated. 1346 01:12:04.800 --> 01:12:07.767 So there's a smartphone app along with Shark Smart 1347 01:12:07.800 --> 01:12:10.233 that will send people a message, who have the app, 1348 01:12:10.267 --> 01:12:13.800 when a tagged shark comes within the vicinity of a listening station. 1349 01:12:13.833 --> 01:12:15.967 What it does is it's changing attitudes. 1350 01:12:16.067 --> 01:12:18.333 It's allowing people the option, 1351 01:12:18.367 --> 01:12:20.933 who want to choose a place to bring their family, 1352 01:12:20.967 --> 01:12:22.800 or for them to enjoy the ocean, 1353 01:12:22.833 --> 01:12:24.767 it allows them to look on their phone, 1354 01:12:24.800 --> 01:12:26.967 see if there's a shark sighted in that area, 1355 01:12:27.067 --> 01:12:29.400 and it allows them to make that decision independently 1356 01:12:29.433 --> 01:12:31.900 and bring some of that responsibility home. 1357 01:12:31.933 --> 01:12:33.067 And I think that change of attitude 1358 01:12:33.067 --> 01:12:34.800 is very, very important for us to start 1359 01:12:34.833 --> 01:12:37.100 not relying so much on the government 1360 01:12:37.133 --> 01:12:39.933 making decisions for us, but providing information 1361 01:12:39.967 --> 01:12:43.300 so that we can make those informed decisions on our own. 1362 01:12:43.333 --> 01:12:46.367 We are still concerned about animal welfare of sharks 1363 01:12:46.400 --> 01:12:48.667 and other animals being caught on the SMART drumlines 1364 01:12:48.700 --> 01:12:51.100 and how healthy they are once they're released. 1365 01:12:54.400 --> 01:12:56.567 [Madison] We're not the only country with this issue. 1366 01:12:56.600 --> 01:12:58.333 There are countries all around the world 1367 01:12:58.367 --> 01:13:00.500 that are tackling it differently. 1368 01:13:00.533 --> 01:13:02.200 And when you look at those systems, 1369 01:13:02.233 --> 01:13:05.267 it's insane to think that we haven't started doing that here yet. 1370 01:13:05.300 --> 01:13:07.967 There are systems getting worked on in Australia 1371 01:13:08.067 --> 01:13:10.067 and all around the world to protect people 1372 01:13:10.067 --> 01:13:12.433 against this very issue of shark attacks, 1373 01:13:12.467 --> 01:13:14.967 and some of them are far more effective, 1374 01:13:15.067 --> 01:13:16.300 provenly effective 1375 01:13:16.333 --> 01:13:18.067 than what we have here right now. 1376 01:13:22.967 --> 01:13:24.867 [Bana] Right here in Australia, 1377 01:13:24.900 --> 01:13:27.267 and in other places around the world, 1378 01:13:27.300 --> 01:13:29.833 we are developing less destructive 1379 01:13:29.867 --> 01:13:31.867 and more effective technology 1380 01:13:31.900 --> 01:13:35.267 to protect us while enjoying our oceans. 1381 01:13:35.300 --> 01:13:38.100 Solutions that actually protect people 1382 01:13:38.133 --> 01:13:41.067 and have no unintended side effects, 1383 01:13:41.067 --> 01:13:44.400 establishing a safer future for both humans 1384 01:13:44.433 --> 01:13:46.400 and sharks to coexist. 1385 01:13:56.067 --> 01:13:58.267 So we started out very early on 1386 01:13:58.300 --> 01:14:00.867 in a lot of the New South Wales Government trials, 1387 01:14:00.900 --> 01:14:03.500 and just seeing if drones could actually be used 1388 01:14:03.533 --> 01:14:07.133 to spot sharks and how we could use that for mitigation. 1389 01:14:07.167 --> 01:14:09.967 So from very early phases through to working out, 1390 01:14:10.067 --> 01:14:11.333 like, if it could be used 1391 01:14:11.367 --> 01:14:14.300 to developing standard operating procedures, at what heights, 1392 01:14:14.333 --> 01:14:16.233 um, and what we could actually see, 1393 01:14:16.267 --> 01:14:18.700 then we've sort of developed with that program. 1394 01:14:18.733 --> 01:14:23.333 Lifeguards literally have them on the beach now as a tool, 1395 01:14:23.367 --> 01:14:25.267 so helping develop their training packages 1396 01:14:25.300 --> 01:14:26.467 and their procedures in there as well. 1397 01:14:28.967 --> 01:14:30.767 Just after a few months of starting, 1398 01:14:30.800 --> 01:14:32.600 I noticed, starting to read comments online 1399 01:14:32.633 --> 01:14:34.133 like, "Oh, we should to go to this beach. 1400 01:14:34.167 --> 01:14:37.267 They have drone shark surveillance and lifeguards." 1401 01:14:37.300 --> 01:14:39.433 There's definitely different technologies that are coming along. 1402 01:14:39.467 --> 01:14:41.467 There's a few different companies working with it. 1403 01:14:41.500 --> 01:14:43.533 Australia is definitely leading the way in this. 1404 01:14:43.567 --> 01:14:45.767 I think drone technology is here. 1405 01:14:45.800 --> 01:14:47.933 Like right now, let's just use it. 1406 01:14:56.367 --> 01:14:58.067 Look, the way the technology works 1407 01:14:58.067 --> 01:15:00.467 is actually ridiculously simple. 1408 01:15:00.500 --> 01:15:03.967 Um, sharks have the same senses that we have to find food. 1409 01:15:04.067 --> 01:15:05.933 So sight, sound, and smell, 1410 01:15:05.967 --> 01:15:09.067 but they also have these little electrical receptors in their snout 1411 01:15:09.067 --> 01:15:10.667 called Ampullae of Lorenzini, 1412 01:15:10.700 --> 01:15:12.067 they're little gel-filled sacs. 1413 01:15:12.100 --> 01:15:15.333 Now every living creature gives off an electric field. 1414 01:15:15.367 --> 01:15:18.333 And so you might see in a nature video 1415 01:15:18.367 --> 01:15:20.867 a stingray swimming along the sandy bottom 1416 01:15:20.900 --> 01:15:22.667 and then digging down and finding a crab. 1417 01:15:22.700 --> 01:15:24.233 They found that crab 1418 01:15:24.267 --> 01:15:26.300 because of the electrical field coming off the crab. 1419 01:15:26.333 --> 01:15:28.600 So you can see how sensitive these things are. 1420 01:15:28.633 --> 01:15:31.767 And so what you do is you get two electrodes, 1421 01:15:31.800 --> 01:15:33.800 you run a current between the two electrodes, 1422 01:15:33.833 --> 01:15:35.933 and it creates an electrical field 1423 01:15:35.967 --> 01:15:38.067 that's thousands of times stronger 1424 01:15:38.067 --> 01:15:40.800 than what the shark would expect to experience. 1425 01:15:40.833 --> 01:15:42.467 The shark comes near it, 1426 01:15:42.500 --> 01:15:45.200 causes the gel-filled sacs to spasm, turns away. 1427 01:15:45.233 --> 01:15:47.267 Exactly the same as if I shine a bright light 1428 01:15:47.300 --> 01:15:49.933 in your face, in your eyes, you would just take turn away. 1429 01:15:49.967 --> 01:15:51.667 The eyes are over sensitized. 1430 01:15:51.700 --> 01:15:54.533 So it doesn't harm the shark. The shark can leave the area. 1431 01:15:54.567 --> 01:15:56.600 So the University of Western Australia, 1432 01:15:56.633 --> 01:16:00.067 what they did is they got the diving product. 1433 01:16:00.067 --> 01:16:03.233 They put a bait canister on the device, 1434 01:16:03.267 --> 01:16:04.800 they took it to South Africa, 1435 01:16:04.833 --> 01:16:08.267 they had 322 interactions with the bait. 1436 01:16:08.300 --> 01:16:10.833 43 different great white sharks, 1437 01:16:10.867 --> 01:16:13.700 and only one shark bumped the bait 1438 01:16:13.733 --> 01:16:14.767 when it was on. 1439 01:16:14.800 --> 01:16:16.133 When it was turned off, the sharks would come in 1440 01:16:16.167 --> 01:16:17.800 and bite the bait all the time. 1441 01:16:17.833 --> 01:16:20.133 So, amazingly successful. 1442 01:16:22.700 --> 01:16:23.900 So the diving product 1443 01:16:23.933 --> 01:16:25.467 is the one that's been around the longest. 1444 01:16:25.500 --> 01:16:27.467 It was developed in the '90s. 1445 01:16:27.500 --> 01:16:30.500 The surfboard product is on generation number two, 1446 01:16:30.533 --> 01:16:33.900 and it's been around for quite a while as well now. 1447 01:16:34.967 --> 01:16:36.567 [Juan] For me, as a surfer, 1448 01:16:36.600 --> 01:16:38.633 I would utilize every type of device 1449 01:16:38.667 --> 01:16:41.400 that I could to make it safer for me. 1450 01:16:41.433 --> 01:16:42.833 When you're going to extreme areas 1451 01:16:42.867 --> 01:16:45.533 where you know there is predators, uh, 1452 01:16:45.567 --> 01:16:49.367 hunting in that area, it's use what you can. 1453 01:17:01.300 --> 01:17:03.600 [Dr. Sara Andreotti] The Shark Safe Barrier is a new technology 1454 01:17:03.633 --> 01:17:06.600 that is designed to simply keep large sharks 1455 01:17:06.633 --> 01:17:08.633 separated from people. 1456 01:17:08.667 --> 01:17:10.567 We've been observing white sharks 1457 01:17:10.600 --> 01:17:13.100 hunting around thick forest of kelp 1458 01:17:13.133 --> 01:17:15.733 for quite a while in Gansbaai in South Africa, 1459 01:17:15.767 --> 01:17:18.933 and Cape fur seals are actually utilizing 1460 01:17:18.967 --> 01:17:23.300 the thick kelp to hide from shark's predation. 1461 01:17:23.333 --> 01:17:26.767 The Shark Safe Barrier comes from the combination 1462 01:17:26.800 --> 01:17:29.700 of two very well-known shark deterrents. 1463 01:17:29.733 --> 01:17:33.800 One is the visual appearance of a thick forest of kelp 1464 01:17:33.833 --> 01:17:38.667 that have been proved to be avoided by large sharks. 1465 01:17:38.700 --> 01:17:41.500 We suspect that is because they want to prevent 1466 01:17:41.533 --> 01:17:45.500 getting entangled in, uh, thick forest of kelp. 1467 01:17:45.533 --> 01:17:47.067 So by presenting the shark 1468 01:17:47.067 --> 01:17:50.167 with something that they naturally recognize as a barrier 1469 01:17:50.200 --> 01:17:51.400 is a big plus. 1470 01:17:51.433 --> 01:17:53.500 They know they have to avoid it. 1471 01:17:53.533 --> 01:17:56.500 Then the second part of the technology 1472 01:17:56.533 --> 01:18:00.367 that is a shark deterrent are large ceramic magnets. 1473 01:18:01.900 --> 01:18:06.167 The magnetism overwhelms the sixth sense of the shark 1474 01:18:06.200 --> 01:18:08.400 and acts as a deterrent. 1475 01:18:08.433 --> 01:18:12.800 We tested it by putting chum on one side of the barrier, 1476 01:18:12.833 --> 01:18:16.067 a food source that the shark can recognize as such, 1477 01:18:16.067 --> 01:18:19.500 to try and convince the shark to swim through it. 1478 01:18:19.533 --> 01:18:22.267 But none of the experiments we did, 1479 01:18:22.300 --> 01:18:25.100 any of the sharks actually crossed the pipes. 1480 01:18:25.133 --> 01:18:26.933 It is shark-specific. 1481 01:18:26.967 --> 01:18:30.067 Every other marine animal can just swim through it, 1482 01:18:30.067 --> 01:18:33.567 and it is designed to protect surfers. 1483 01:18:33.600 --> 01:18:36.700 There are other eco-friendly systems 1484 01:18:36.733 --> 01:18:40.233 that can keep swimmers separated from sharks, 1485 01:18:40.267 --> 01:18:42.700 but compared to the Shark Safe, 1486 01:18:42.733 --> 01:18:46.333 they have the limitation of being deployable only 1487 01:18:46.367 --> 01:18:47.967 in very calm weather. 1488 01:18:48.067 --> 01:18:51.433 While the Shark Safe Barrier, once it's installed, 1489 01:18:51.467 --> 01:18:53.133 it's designed to stay there. 1490 01:18:53.167 --> 01:18:56.767 We can put it in deep water, we can put it behind surfers, 1491 01:18:56.800 --> 01:19:00.400 to protect their back as they're surfing. 1492 01:19:00.433 --> 01:19:03.300 We are really, really trying as hard as we can 1493 01:19:03.333 --> 01:19:07.300 to have a minimal impact to the environment 1494 01:19:07.333 --> 01:19:09.667 by providing a solution that is safe 1495 01:19:09.700 --> 01:19:11.500 for both the marine life 1496 01:19:11.533 --> 01:19:13.433 and the people using the beach. 1497 01:19:19.600 --> 01:19:23.233 [Jonathan] We could trail these technologies concurrently 1498 01:19:23.267 --> 01:19:26.933 with the current Shark Control Program over a season, 1499 01:19:26.967 --> 01:19:29.300 learn how to operate it, 1500 01:19:29.333 --> 01:19:33.300 give people the reassurance that we're putting in these non-lethals, 1501 01:19:33.333 --> 01:19:35.867 monitor, do the science on the non-lethals 1502 01:19:35.900 --> 01:19:37.167 while you're doing it. 1503 01:19:37.200 --> 01:19:39.567 You know, for example, 1504 01:19:39.600 --> 01:19:41.133 have the drone technology 1505 01:19:41.167 --> 01:19:43.400 and record how often you see sharks, 1506 01:19:43.433 --> 01:19:46.567 how often you make people safer by bringing them in 1507 01:19:46.600 --> 01:19:48.233 to the beach, 1508 01:19:48.267 --> 01:19:50.433 and then tracking shark and knowing when you put them back out. 1509 01:19:50.467 --> 01:19:52.067 Let's do that science. 1510 01:19:52.067 --> 01:19:54.367 Do it while the nets and drumlines are still there for a season. 1511 01:19:54.400 --> 01:19:56.233 There is a political answer for you 1512 01:19:56.267 --> 01:19:59.367 that gives us a transition 1513 01:19:59.400 --> 01:20:02.900 to a non-lethal shark control program, 1514 01:20:02.933 --> 01:20:04.367 which I've gotta tell you, 1515 01:20:04.400 --> 01:20:06.433 if we are concerned about tourism in this state, 1516 01:20:07.300 --> 01:20:09.933 progressive and positive messages 1517 01:20:09.967 --> 01:20:12.333 about the way we treat our wildlife 1518 01:20:12.367 --> 01:20:14.167 is going to be paramount. 1519 01:20:16.100 --> 01:20:19.133 [Madison] The way that we treat animals off our coastline, 1520 01:20:19.167 --> 01:20:22.367 the way that we walk around like we own the ocean here, 1521 01:20:22.400 --> 01:20:26.233 most countries would be absolutely ecstatic 1522 01:20:26.267 --> 01:20:28.267 to have the kind of wildlife that we do, 1523 01:20:28.300 --> 01:20:31.700 and we just abuse that privilege so much. 1524 01:20:31.733 --> 01:20:33.767 We ignore it as well. 1525 01:20:33.800 --> 01:20:36.067 And I always remember being in school 1526 01:20:36.100 --> 01:20:38.133 and we had people come talk to us about snakes, 1527 01:20:38.167 --> 01:20:40.200 we had people come talk to us about drugs, 1528 01:20:40.233 --> 01:20:42.267 and we had people come talk to us about all kinds of things. 1529 01:20:42.300 --> 01:20:44.900 We had surf life savers come talk to us about rips. 1530 01:20:44.933 --> 01:20:46.167 But nobody taught us about sharks. 1531 01:20:48.933 --> 01:20:50.567 [Layne] Education is key. 1532 01:20:50.600 --> 01:20:52.533 And if we're uneducated, 1533 01:20:52.567 --> 01:20:55.300 then we tend to just be ignorant. 1534 01:20:55.333 --> 01:20:57.700 And then we just go with what we're told. 1535 01:20:57.733 --> 01:21:00.067 And unfortunately, we're being told lies, 1536 01:21:00.100 --> 01:21:01.967 we're being told... 1537 01:21:02.067 --> 01:21:03.900 We're actually being fed bullshit 1538 01:21:03.933 --> 01:21:06.100 around what is feasible, 1539 01:21:06.133 --> 01:21:09.067 what's a feasible way to mitigate the risk. 1540 01:21:09.100 --> 01:21:11.367 There are wonderful alternatives to culling, 1541 01:21:11.400 --> 01:21:12.733 and I think that that starts 1542 01:21:12.767 --> 01:21:14.433 with education in the community 1543 01:21:14.467 --> 01:21:17.167 on what they as individual citizens can do 1544 01:21:17.200 --> 01:21:18.633 to avoid an adverse interaction, 1545 01:21:18.667 --> 01:21:19.867 and educating them about 1546 01:21:19.900 --> 01:21:21.800 where it might be safer to swim, 1547 01:21:21.833 --> 01:21:23.667 maybe employing more lifesavers 1548 01:21:23.700 --> 01:21:25.600 who would actually save a lot more lives 1549 01:21:25.633 --> 01:21:26.900 than these culling practices, 1550 01:21:26.933 --> 01:21:29.200 which are probably more endangering lives. 1551 01:21:33.100 --> 01:21:36.100 As a surfer, swimmer, diver, and ocean-goer, 1552 01:21:36.133 --> 01:21:39.067 there are things that you can do to avoid an adverse interaction, 1553 01:21:39.067 --> 01:21:42.067 reduce your chances of encountering a shark. 1554 01:21:42.067 --> 01:21:44.200 And that's looking around and being aware. 1555 01:21:44.233 --> 01:21:46.267 Actually turning your body around. 1556 01:21:46.300 --> 01:21:48.767 And factoring in environmental conditions 1557 01:21:48.800 --> 01:21:51.867 like your proximity to other marine animals, runoff, 1558 01:21:51.900 --> 01:21:56.067 rivers, stream outlets, fishermen, fishing harbors, 1559 01:21:56.100 --> 01:21:58.100 and minimizing splashing on the surface, 1560 01:21:58.133 --> 01:22:01.067 and bright fluorescent colors that make you stand out 1561 01:22:01.100 --> 01:22:02.633 amongst everything else. 1562 01:22:05.600 --> 01:22:09.433 The Shark Control Program, or basically stopping culling, 1563 01:22:09.467 --> 01:22:12.800 is one thing that we can do relatively quick, 1564 01:22:12.833 --> 01:22:15.700 that will reduce some of the pressure 1565 01:22:15.733 --> 01:22:17.667 that sharks face. 1566 01:22:17.700 --> 01:22:20.400 In order to, I suppose, formally make a decision 1567 01:22:20.433 --> 01:22:24.333 and then enact that decision, um, that in itself takes time. 1568 01:22:24.367 --> 01:22:27.867 But we're hoping that sooner rather than later, especially, 1569 01:22:27.900 --> 01:22:29.733 you know, for people who do use the water, 1570 01:22:29.767 --> 01:22:31.267 sooner rather than later, 1571 01:22:31.300 --> 01:22:33.933 effective safety measures are put in place. 1572 01:22:36.333 --> 01:22:38.300 [Lawrence] So there are shark advocates everywhere. 1573 01:22:38.333 --> 01:22:41.267 I think anyone who's fortunate enough, as I have been, 1574 01:22:41.300 --> 01:22:43.233 to be able to spend sometime in the water 1575 01:22:43.267 --> 01:22:44.467 with some of these animals, 1576 01:22:44.500 --> 01:22:46.633 they'll all tell you what a spiritual experience it is. 1577 01:22:46.667 --> 01:22:48.200 And you see their behavior, 1578 01:22:48.233 --> 01:22:50.633 and you see the thoughtfulness behind their eyes. 1579 01:22:50.667 --> 01:22:52.667 And anyone that's been able to experience that 1580 01:22:52.700 --> 01:22:54.300 immediately becomes a shark advocate. 1581 01:22:54.333 --> 01:22:55.733 You just cannot help it. 1582 01:22:57.400 --> 01:22:59.433 [Juan] Kind of turning that fear into a fascination 1583 01:22:59.467 --> 01:23:01.700 and that fascination into, like, a healthy respect 1584 01:23:01.733 --> 01:23:03.567 to wanna do something to help protect them. 1585 01:23:03.600 --> 01:23:05.633 Especially once you hear the information. 1586 01:23:05.667 --> 01:23:07.600 And I'm hoping that can be an infective thing, 1587 01:23:07.633 --> 01:23:09.167 where other people will do the same thing 1588 01:23:09.200 --> 01:23:10.500 that I did, basically. 1589 01:23:10.533 --> 01:23:12.667 And that's what I'm trying to do with my photography. 1590 01:23:12.700 --> 01:23:14.600 It's just showing that we can coexist, 1591 01:23:14.633 --> 01:23:16.900 that we can share the same waters with these animals 1592 01:23:16.933 --> 01:23:18.300 and that we need these animals. 1593 01:23:18.333 --> 01:23:20.500 Like, most people just don't know the truth. 1594 01:23:20.533 --> 01:23:22.533 And if they did, I have to feel like 1595 01:23:22.567 --> 01:23:24.233 they would make changes 1596 01:23:24.267 --> 01:23:25.933 in the way that they consume things 1597 01:23:25.967 --> 01:23:28.067 and the way that they would actually 1598 01:23:28.100 --> 01:23:31.067 vote with their dollar or even just with a voice, 1599 01:23:31.100 --> 01:23:33.067 just speaking up for these animals. 1600 01:23:33.067 --> 01:23:34.667 They need it now more than ever. 1601 01:23:34.700 --> 01:23:37.267 I mean, if those studies are even remotely close, 1602 01:23:37.300 --> 01:23:40.133 and 5% of the world's shark population is all we got left, 1603 01:23:40.167 --> 01:23:43.600 then there's never a more important time to act than right now. 1604 01:23:45.667 --> 01:23:48.367 Every time we enter the ocean, 1605 01:23:48.400 --> 01:23:50.267 we're taking our life in our hands, 1606 01:23:50.300 --> 01:23:52.433 because it is not our backyard swimming pool. 1607 01:23:52.467 --> 01:23:54.633 Everything we do to control nature 1608 01:23:54.667 --> 01:23:57.767 has a domino effect that ripples down onto us. 1609 01:23:57.800 --> 01:24:00.067 So we have to take care of this environment, 1610 01:24:00.100 --> 01:24:01.800 we have to treasure our sharks 1611 01:24:01.833 --> 01:24:04.300 and understand exactly what it is they do 1612 01:24:04.333 --> 01:24:06.233 to keep their ecosystem in check. 1613 01:24:10.433 --> 01:24:13.167 I hope that more people's eyes will be open 1614 01:24:13.200 --> 01:24:16.700 to the importance of sharks, their plight, 1615 01:24:16.733 --> 01:24:18.567 and that people will join together 1616 01:24:18.600 --> 01:24:20.400 and do something to help protect them. 1617 01:24:20.433 --> 01:24:23.433 Just like what was done for the protection of whales 1618 01:24:23.467 --> 01:24:25.733 and many marine animals and cetaceans 1619 01:24:25.767 --> 01:24:27.433 and even turtles around the world. 1620 01:24:27.467 --> 01:24:29.767 And I think that I see the change already, 1621 01:24:29.800 --> 01:24:31.867 especially with the influence of media 1622 01:24:31.900 --> 01:24:34.967 and different companies getting on board and getting involved. 1623 01:24:36.267 --> 01:24:38.433 Your voice matters, you know, 1624 01:24:38.467 --> 01:24:39.600 especially 'cause you don't know 1625 01:24:39.633 --> 01:24:41.067 what kind of chain reaction it's gonna have. 1626 01:24:41.100 --> 01:24:42.967 You don't know what kind of seed it's gonna plant, 1627 01:24:43.067 --> 01:24:45.433 and, you know, the politicians and the big businesses 1628 01:24:45.467 --> 01:24:46.833 will listen to the masses. 1629 01:24:46.867 --> 01:24:50.500 Start. Don't think that you can't make a difference because you can. 1630 01:24:52.467 --> 01:24:54.733 [Madison] The shark nets are the one thing 1631 01:24:54.767 --> 01:24:59.067 that I have never successfully dented. 1632 01:24:59.067 --> 01:25:01.300 It's just an insane enemy to be up against. 1633 01:25:01.333 --> 01:25:04.067 So I've always been at war with them 1634 01:25:04.067 --> 01:25:05.767 throughout my entire life. 1635 01:25:05.800 --> 01:25:07.233 It's probably one of the biggest wars 1636 01:25:07.267 --> 01:25:08.733 in shark conservation 1637 01:25:08.767 --> 01:25:11.067 because it is such a delicate issue. 1638 01:25:11.100 --> 01:25:12.633 It is just off our coastline, 1639 01:25:12.667 --> 01:25:14.500 but it's so hidden from the public. 1640 01:25:14.533 --> 01:25:17.067 Making that awareness possible is really difficult. 1641 01:25:17.100 --> 01:25:19.700 And dealing with people's mentalities is really difficult. 1642 01:25:19.733 --> 01:25:21.100 So I don't know. 1643 01:25:21.133 --> 01:25:22.933 It's always been a huge challenge to me, 1644 01:25:22.967 --> 01:25:24.967 and I feel pretty confident in what I've been able to do 1645 01:25:25.067 --> 01:25:27.067 for sharks around the world, 1646 01:25:27.067 --> 01:25:30.300 but here, it's one of those things 1647 01:25:30.333 --> 01:25:32.600 that I think I'll be battling for the rest of my life. 1648 01:25:38.400 --> 01:25:40.867 [Bana] Humans have shared the oceans with these animals 1649 01:25:40.900 --> 01:25:46.133 for a mere fraction of their 450-million-year existence. 1650 01:25:46.167 --> 01:25:49.333 Sharks are the ultimate apex predators. 1651 01:25:50.867 --> 01:25:54.667 They have survived and adapted throughout ice ages, 1652 01:25:54.700 --> 01:25:57.467 heat waves, and mass extinctions, 1653 01:25:57.500 --> 01:25:59.667 to be the perfectly evolved creatures 1654 01:25:59.700 --> 01:26:01.867 we share our oceans with today. 1655 01:26:03.100 --> 01:26:04.967 But there is one mass extinction 1656 01:26:05.067 --> 01:26:08.233 they are struggling to survive. 1657 01:26:08.267 --> 01:26:12.500 The one our arrogance, entitlement, and fear is fueling. 1658 01:26:15.067 --> 01:26:18.333 There are positive changes being made, 1659 01:26:18.367 --> 01:26:23.367 driven by a dedicated few, but we need more voices. 1660 01:26:25.333 --> 01:26:27.267 At this point in our history, 1661 01:26:27.300 --> 01:26:29.433 we know that we must protect them, 1662 01:26:29.467 --> 01:26:32.933 not just for them to survive, but for our own survival. 1663 01:26:34.800 --> 01:26:38.500 Sharks will survive just fine without us, 1664 01:26:38.533 --> 01:26:41.100 but we cannot survive without them. 1665 01:26:42.433 --> 01:26:45.400 For their future and ours, 1666 01:26:45.433 --> 01:26:48.667 we must become their envoy. 1667 01:28:10.867 --> 01:28:16.267 [dramatic music playing] 1668 01:28:16.300 --> 01:28:18.333 -Save the sharks. -Save the sharks. 1669 01:28:18.367 --> 01:28:22.133 [man] Thousands held protests in Melbourne and Perth on Saturday. 1670 01:28:22.167 --> 01:28:24.333 They called on the Western Australian Government 1671 01:28:24.367 --> 01:28:27.067 to abandon the shark culling plan 1672 01:28:27.067 --> 01:28:28.967 announced last month. 1673 01:28:29.067 --> 01:28:31.067 Six people have been killed by sharks 1674 01:28:31.067 --> 01:28:33.600 and several more attacked in the local waters 1675 01:28:33.633 --> 01:28:35.400 since September 2011. 1676 01:28:35.433 --> 01:28:37.267 That's gonna target large sharks 1677 01:28:37.300 --> 01:28:39.667 including, uh, the vulnerable great white shark, 1678 01:28:39.700 --> 01:28:44.367 and we believe it's 2014 and we're beyond that now. 1679 01:28:44.400 --> 01:28:48.200 [man] Under the plan, baited drumlines would be set off local beaches 1680 01:28:48.233 --> 01:28:49.967 to catch great white sharks, 1681 01:28:50.067 --> 01:28:53.067 tiger, and bull sharks bigger than three meters. 1682 01:28:53.067 --> 01:28:54.733 Protesters claim killing sharks 1683 01:28:54.767 --> 01:28:57.100 would devastate the marine ecosystem. 1684 01:28:57.133 --> 01:29:00.833 [woman] The protests grew from hundreds to thousands. 1685 01:29:00.867 --> 01:29:02.533 It's their water! 1686 01:29:02.567 --> 01:29:04.133 [all] Stop the slaughter! 1687 01:29:04.167 --> 01:29:07.233 Please just change the policy. 1688 01:29:07.267 --> 01:29:09.600 [woman] Some protesters went too far 1689 01:29:09.633 --> 01:29:12.967 with death threats against the premier and fisheries minister 1690 01:29:13.067 --> 01:29:15.233 and abuse for contract fishermen. 1691 01:29:15.267 --> 01:29:18.933 But even shark victims didn't like the drumlines. 1692 01:29:18.967 --> 01:29:19.067 Killing animals isn't the greatest idea.