1
00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000
Downloaded from
YTS.MX

2
00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000
Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

3
00:00:26,233 --> 00:00:29,400
[man 1]
Good evening, a great white
shark has been hunted, caught

4
00:00:29,433 --> 00:00:32,633
and killed after a horrifying
attack near Mandurah.

5
00:00:32,667 --> 00:00:35,200
The shark was hooked
on drumlines off Falcon

6
00:00:35,233 --> 00:00:36,600
and towed out to sea,

7
00:00:36,633 --> 00:00:38,067
but there's no confirmation

8
00:00:38,100 --> 00:00:41,133
it was the shark that
attacked the surfer.

9
00:00:41,167 --> 00:00:45,200
[Eric Bana]
Our whole lives, we've
been taught to fear them.

10
00:00:45,233 --> 00:00:47,233
Good evening,
two surfers have been injured.

11
00:00:47,267 --> 00:00:48,967
-A shark attack.
-Multiple attacks.

12
00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:51,600
-Bitten by a shark.
-Mauled by a shark.

13
00:00:51,633 --> 00:00:56,767
[Bana] Monsters, murderers,
man-eaters.

14
00:00:56,800 --> 00:00:58,267
-Shark attack.
-Shark attacks.

15
00:00:58,300 --> 00:01:00,067
-A shark attack.
-Two shark attacks.

16
00:01:00,067 --> 00:01:01,433
[man 1] Terror
in the shallows.

17
00:01:01,467 --> 00:01:03,967
[Bana] But what if we've
been taught wrong?

18
00:01:04,067 --> 00:01:06,867
What if the very thing
you were taught to fear

19
00:01:06,900 --> 00:01:08,833
had more to fear from us?

20
00:01:08,867 --> 00:01:10,200
-Great white...
-[man] Shark attack...

21
00:01:10,233 --> 00:01:11,233
-A great white...
-Shark attack.

22
00:01:11,267 --> 00:01:12,967
-[woman] Two shark attacks.
-Bitten by a shark.

23
00:01:13,067 --> 00:01:15,967
[Bana]
What if we knew we had a
greater chance of being killed

24
00:01:16,067 --> 00:01:18,367
by almost any other
animal on Earth

25
00:01:18,400 --> 00:01:22,633
than by one of nature's oldest
and most evolved species?

26
00:01:22,667 --> 00:01:24,233
-Bitten by [inaudible].
-Shark attack.

27
00:01:24,267 --> 00:01:27,733
[indistinct conversations]

28
00:01:27,767 --> 00:01:31,933
[Bana]
What if our ignorance
is about to wipe them out?

29
00:01:31,967 --> 00:01:35,900
Not in 100 years,
not in 50 years.

30
00:01:36,933 --> 00:01:41,100
This generation. Right now.

31
00:01:45,700 --> 00:01:48,233
They can't speak
for themselves.

32
00:01:48,267 --> 00:01:52,133
So we must be their envoy.

33
00:01:56,233 --> 00:02:00,067
[mellow theme music playing]

34
00:02:22,067 --> 00:02:23,833
[Layne Beachley]
I feel that one
of the greatest ways

35
00:02:23,867 --> 00:02:27,600
that we can overcome
our fear of the unknown
is get to know it.

36
00:02:27,633 --> 00:02:29,067
One of the greatest ways

37
00:02:29,067 --> 00:02:31,333
I've been able to reduce
my fear of sharks,

38
00:02:31,367 --> 00:02:33,100
is swimming with them.

39
00:02:33,133 --> 00:02:36,867
Getting to understand
their gentle, curious nature,

40
00:02:36,900 --> 00:02:39,200
it was one of the
most beautiful things

41
00:02:39,233 --> 00:02:40,300
I ever had to do

42
00:02:40,333 --> 00:02:42,400
was just actually
sit underneath a bull shark

43
00:02:42,433 --> 00:02:45,100
and watch it gracefully glide
around over the top of me,

44
00:02:45,133 --> 00:02:46,333
it was just so beautiful.

45
00:02:46,367 --> 00:02:50,633
I never ever have experienced
a fear of a shark since then.

46
00:03:01,667 --> 00:03:04,067
[Juan Oliphant]
So pretty much,
you know, raised in Hawaii

47
00:03:04,067 --> 00:03:05,567
since I was two.

48
00:03:05,600 --> 00:03:08,800
You know, I had seen them
as a lot as a kid, you know,
spearfishing,

49
00:03:08,833 --> 00:03:11,567
and I still was really, really
kind of a afraid of them.

50
00:03:11,600 --> 00:03:14,733
But it wasn't until
I had a really bad accident
where I broke my back.

51
00:03:14,767 --> 00:03:18,700
And it left me paralyzed
for almost a good portion

52
00:03:18,733 --> 00:03:22,700
of three or four months
and the remedy that really,

53
00:03:22,733 --> 00:03:25,900
that made the healing process
get better was the diving.

54
00:03:27,967 --> 00:03:30,067
And so now I was getting
engaged in diving,

55
00:03:30,067 --> 00:03:33,200
like almost every day trying
to get my back to normal.

56
00:03:33,233 --> 00:03:36,467
And the interactions
with sharks were a little
bit more consistent,

57
00:03:36,500 --> 00:03:38,233
and they were far, far, far

58
00:03:38,267 --> 00:03:40,933
from what I was told
what I saw on TV, you know,

59
00:03:40,967 --> 00:03:43,767
and they were more scared
of me than I was of it

60
00:03:43,800 --> 00:03:45,667
and that kind of like,
created this passion

61
00:03:45,700 --> 00:03:48,300
and desire to want
to learn more.

62
00:03:48,333 --> 00:03:50,967
It's that fear of the unknown,
you know, for most people,

63
00:03:51,067 --> 00:03:53,667
and then you have other people
trying to fill in the gaps

64
00:03:53,700 --> 00:03:55,233
with that lack of information.

65
00:03:55,267 --> 00:03:58,200
[waves splashing]

66
00:04:02,933 --> 00:04:06,400
So I think a lot of the
public fear all has to do
with fear of the unknown.

67
00:04:06,433 --> 00:04:10,067
It's that dark basement,
or what you can't see
in the water,

68
00:04:10,067 --> 00:04:12,600
and the more
we understand about sharks

69
00:04:12,633 --> 00:04:14,600
and their motivations
and the behaviors,

70
00:04:14,633 --> 00:04:17,133
the more that fear
just dissolves away.

71
00:04:17,167 --> 00:04:19,700
I've been with HSI
for almost two years now,

72
00:04:19,733 --> 00:04:22,533
I'm a marine biologist
and ocean campaigner.

73
00:04:22,567 --> 00:04:26,367
There's been this massive
divide lately between science

74
00:04:26,400 --> 00:04:28,967
and between
what's been accepted
or what's taken as fact.

75
00:04:29,067 --> 00:04:31,567
And I think just as important
as pushing forward

76
00:04:31,600 --> 00:04:34,467
our knowledge and continuing
to do science and research,

77
00:04:34,500 --> 00:04:36,233
it's important to bridge
that gap.

78
00:04:47,133 --> 00:04:50,800
There's something about,
you know, when you're
20 meters underwater,

79
00:04:50,833 --> 00:04:53,767
and you're sitting there
with the sharks,
they come past you

80
00:04:53,800 --> 00:04:56,500
and their eye swivels around
and definitely looks at you.

81
00:04:56,533 --> 00:04:58,067
There's that awareness there.

82
00:04:58,100 --> 00:05:02,733
And it's so calming
and quite lovely.

83
00:05:08,733 --> 00:05:11,833
Part of my mission and
a lot of scientists out there

84
00:05:11,867 --> 00:05:14,400
and conservationists,
and even people
who just love sharks

85
00:05:14,433 --> 00:05:15,533
and just love talking
about the them,

86
00:05:15,567 --> 00:05:18,200
is to really sell
the truth of it.

87
00:05:18,233 --> 00:05:20,800
We've got over 320 odd species
of sharks

88
00:05:20,833 --> 00:05:22,267
and Rays in Australia.

89
00:05:22,300 --> 00:05:25,267
You know,
half of them aren't found
anywhere else in the world.

90
00:05:25,300 --> 00:05:28,933
And the go to species
that everyone thinks of

91
00:05:28,967 --> 00:05:30,967
are your tiger sharks,
great whites,

92
00:05:31,067 --> 00:05:33,733
are your whale sharks,
which are amazing,

93
00:05:33,767 --> 00:05:36,933
and incredibly beautiful
in their own right.

94
00:05:36,967 --> 00:05:40,267
But there's also these other
species that were just...

95
00:05:40,300 --> 00:05:42,233
the majority people
I don't think are aware of.

96
00:05:47,433 --> 00:05:50,133
I grew up in the ocean,
and I got to see sharks

97
00:05:50,167 --> 00:05:51,633
for what they naturally were,

98
00:05:51,667 --> 00:05:54,300
which is absolutely
beautiful and fascinating.

99
00:05:54,333 --> 00:05:57,333
And as I grew up, I realized
how important they were.

100
00:05:57,367 --> 00:05:59,300
I went to school
for marine biology.

101
00:05:59,333 --> 00:06:01,067
And as I traveled
around the world

102
00:06:01,067 --> 00:06:03,067
and worked around the world,
I realized that people

103
00:06:03,100 --> 00:06:06,700
had a very heavy damaging
misconception of them,

104
00:06:06,733 --> 00:06:09,133
and that they're actually
the real victims

105
00:06:09,167 --> 00:06:11,300
and the ones that have
something to fear.

106
00:06:15,800 --> 00:06:17,700
I think for a very long time,

107
00:06:17,733 --> 00:06:19,067
people didn't know
very much about sharks.

108
00:06:19,067 --> 00:06:21,833
So it's very easy
to be afraid of them,

109
00:06:21,867 --> 00:06:24,500
you're afraid naturally of
something that you don't know.

110
00:06:32,867 --> 00:06:34,867
[Holly Richmond]
When you see sharks
under the water,

111
00:06:34,900 --> 00:06:37,067
they're just so majestic

112
00:06:37,067 --> 00:06:39,267
and actually
a lot more scared of us

113
00:06:39,300 --> 00:06:41,867
than what you know what we
typically are of them as well.

114
00:06:41,900 --> 00:06:44,333
So getting to know sharks
under the water

115
00:06:44,367 --> 00:06:47,067
is probably the best way
to meet sharks

116
00:06:47,067 --> 00:06:48,167
and understand them.

117
00:06:54,900 --> 00:06:57,333
There was this moment
when I was about 15 years old,

118
00:06:57,367 --> 00:07:00,433
and I was diving with
two really big tiger sharks.

119
00:07:00,467 --> 00:07:03,967
And it was just amazing,
it was late in the afternoon,
the light was beautiful,

120
00:07:04,067 --> 00:07:05,700
and then suddenly
they disappeared.

121
00:07:05,733 --> 00:07:07,067
So there's
this is anticipation,

122
00:07:07,100 --> 00:07:08,600
and all of a sudden out
of the corner of this

123
00:07:08,633 --> 00:07:10,200
great hammerhead
swims through,

124
00:07:10,233 --> 00:07:12,333
the middle
of the water column,

125
00:07:12,367 --> 00:07:14,433
and its head was
as wide as I was tall.

126
00:07:14,467 --> 00:07:16,900
And at first I thought it was
a whale, it was that big.

127
00:07:16,933 --> 00:07:19,200
And this creature,
this massive creature

128
00:07:19,233 --> 00:07:23,333
that I had been
kind of taught by society my
entire life to be scared of,

129
00:07:23,367 --> 00:07:25,833
just passed through and didn't
even pay attention to me

130
00:07:25,867 --> 00:07:27,133
and it was one
of the greatest things

131
00:07:27,167 --> 00:07:29,200
I had ever seen
in my entire life.

132
00:07:31,067 --> 00:07:34,300
[waves splashing]

133
00:07:39,733 --> 00:07:42,533
I grew up on the Gold Coast
I've been here my entire life.

134
00:07:42,567 --> 00:07:44,133
It's been home.

135
00:07:44,167 --> 00:07:45,967
And I feel like
when I was a kid,

136
00:07:46,067 --> 00:07:47,800
I was the only person
looking out to sea,

137
00:07:47,833 --> 00:07:49,233
seeing the shark nets
and drum lines

138
00:07:49,267 --> 00:07:52,967
and thinking what on earth
is going on here?

139
00:07:53,067 --> 00:07:55,067
[Jonathan Clark]
When I got involved
in the chapter in Brisbane,

140
00:07:55,100 --> 00:07:58,767
I didn't have
a lot of knowledge
about nets and drum lines.

141
00:07:58,800 --> 00:08:01,967
I was probably typical
of a lot of the population.

142
00:08:03,767 --> 00:08:07,700
[Tom Carroll]
I learned to surf
on this beach, in that water

143
00:08:07,733 --> 00:08:11,200
starting around
seven years of age.

144
00:08:11,233 --> 00:08:14,267
To be honest I've never even
thought about the shark nets.

145
00:08:15,200 --> 00:08:18,333
I used to use the buoys
to paddle around

146
00:08:18,367 --> 00:08:21,467
when we were doing
a lot of open ocean paddling.

147
00:08:25,567 --> 00:08:27,967
[Holly]
I've been assisting
Humpback Whale Research

148
00:08:28,067 --> 00:08:31,667
for the past four years,
and particularly on the
east coast of Australia,

149
00:08:31,700 --> 00:08:34,533
humpback whales
are becoming entangled
in shark nets.

150
00:08:34,567 --> 00:08:36,800
And that sparked
my interest with shark nets

151
00:08:36,833 --> 00:08:39,267
and exactly what are they
and what are the aims

152
00:08:39,300 --> 00:08:40,800
and the methods
of this program?

153
00:08:40,833 --> 00:08:44,067
So I basically took the
initiative to go out there

154
00:08:44,067 --> 00:08:46,100
and get a view
for myself of exactly

155
00:08:46,133 --> 00:08:48,067
what's happening
beneath the surface.

156
00:08:50,733 --> 00:08:53,133
The biggest misconception
that people have

157
00:08:53,167 --> 00:08:54,733
towards the
Shark Control Program

158
00:08:54,767 --> 00:08:56,067
is that a lot of people think

159
00:08:56,067 --> 00:08:58,567
that it's a physical barrier
between them

160
00:08:58,600 --> 00:09:01,100
and the open ocean.

161
00:09:01,133 --> 00:09:05,733
People aren't aware that this
device is a fishing device,

162
00:09:05,767 --> 00:09:08,333
it's there to capture
and to kill passing sharks

163
00:09:08,367 --> 00:09:10,833
and I think a lot of people
are surprised

164
00:09:10,867 --> 00:09:13,800
when they realize that
it's not a physical barrier

165
00:09:13,833 --> 00:09:15,633
that is completely enclosed

166
00:09:15,667 --> 00:09:18,100
or it doesn't touch
the bottom of the ocean.

167
00:09:21,067 --> 00:09:24,067
[Bana]
Bright buoys visible
from the shore in the air,

168
00:09:24,067 --> 00:09:26,600
draw a line through
the ocean,

169
00:09:26,633 --> 00:09:30,567
between the comfort
of the shallows
and the mystery of the deep.

170
00:09:33,067 --> 00:09:35,967
Not many people know
exactly what they are,

171
00:09:36,067 --> 00:09:40,467
or how they work, just told
that it keeps them safe.

172
00:09:40,500 --> 00:09:43,967
Even fewer people
know the truth.

173
00:10:00,267 --> 00:10:03,267
[man 2]
Australian beaches renowned
for their long unbroken

174
00:10:03,300 --> 00:10:05,333
surf line and
clean white gold sand

175
00:10:05,367 --> 00:10:07,033
are among the
most beautiful in the world.

176
00:10:07,067 --> 00:10:10,333
This lovely beach
is a typical example.

177
00:10:10,367 --> 00:10:12,700
[Bana]
Shark nets were first
introduced off the east coast

178
00:10:12,733 --> 00:10:15,500
of Australia in 1937,

179
00:10:15,533 --> 00:10:19,500
with drumlines
following soon after.

180
00:10:19,533 --> 00:10:22,167
It's the very same decade
Qantas first started flying

181
00:10:22,200 --> 00:10:24,600
between Australia and London.

182
00:10:24,633 --> 00:10:27,600
Flights could fit
just ten passengers,

183
00:10:27,633 --> 00:10:32,733
had 21 stopovers,
and took a total of 12 days.

184
00:10:32,767 --> 00:10:36,133
Our world has evolved beyond
recognition since then,

185
00:10:36,167 --> 00:10:41,033
but shark nets
and drumlines have stayed
fundamentally the same.

186
00:10:42,867 --> 00:10:47,467
Shark nets in Queensland are
186 meters wide by six meters,

187
00:10:47,500 --> 00:10:51,133
hang from the surface, and
sit in water 12 meters deep.

188
00:10:55,933 --> 00:11:00,833
Shark nets in New South Wales
are 150 meters by six meters

189
00:11:00,867 --> 00:11:04,700
are anchored to the sea floor,
also in water 12 meters deep.

190
00:11:05,867 --> 00:11:08,933
Both programs
cover only a tiny portion

191
00:11:08,967 --> 00:11:10,367
of any given beach,

192
00:11:10,400 --> 00:11:13,300
allowing sharks ample
opportunity to swim over,

193
00:11:13,333 --> 00:11:17,467
under, around,
and towards beaches.

194
00:11:17,500 --> 00:11:20,267
In fact,
a high percentage of sharks

195
00:11:20,300 --> 00:11:22,433
are caught inside the nets.

196
00:11:22,467 --> 00:11:24,533
They've already been
to the beach,

197
00:11:24,567 --> 00:11:28,067
and are peacefully making
their way back out to sea.

198
00:11:29,733 --> 00:11:33,300
Drumlines use a
large buoy on the surface

199
00:11:33,333 --> 00:11:36,633
to suspend a baited industrial
fishing hook

200
00:11:36,667 --> 00:11:40,067
dangling below
on heavy duty chains.

201
00:11:40,067 --> 00:11:42,800
They chum the waters,
attracting sharks,

202
00:11:42,833 --> 00:11:44,867
in the hopes of hooking them.

203
00:11:46,067 --> 00:11:48,367
If anyone in a snorkel
and fins can navigate

204
00:11:48,400 --> 00:11:50,167
around this technology,

205
00:11:50,200 --> 00:11:52,567
why would we think
that sharks can't?

206
00:11:54,067 --> 00:11:56,600
People think that
shark incidents are happening

207
00:11:56,633 --> 00:11:59,100
at a higher rate
than what they really are.

208
00:11:59,133 --> 00:12:03,167
Being bitten by a shark
is extremely unlikely.

209
00:12:03,200 --> 00:12:07,267
Unfortunately, when there
is a shark bite incident,

210
00:12:07,300 --> 00:12:09,067
the media jump onto this

211
00:12:09,100 --> 00:12:12,233
and they report it
over and over again.

212
00:12:12,267 --> 00:12:13,600
There's a rogue shark
out there,

213
00:12:13,633 --> 00:12:15,100
the Jaws mentality, right?

214
00:12:15,133 --> 00:12:16,633
That it's got to taste
for human blood,

215
00:12:16,667 --> 00:12:18,300
and it's not gonna
stop until you know,

216
00:12:18,333 --> 00:12:21,300
so it's just like
that kind of mentality,

217
00:12:21,333 --> 00:12:24,200
it's so false,
and it's like a lie basically,

218
00:12:24,233 --> 00:12:26,367
you know,
when it comes down to it.

219
00:12:26,400 --> 00:12:29,133
[woman 1]
When I've seen or heard
on the news that there was

220
00:12:29,167 --> 00:12:32,333
a shark attack,
my heart fully sinks

221
00:12:32,367 --> 00:12:35,400
and it's a really terrible
feeling because

222
00:12:35,433 --> 00:12:38,667
one, you know,
that someone's just been
through something traumatic

223
00:12:38,700 --> 00:12:40,500
and the media
has taken advantage of that.

224
00:12:40,533 --> 00:12:43,467
And two, you know that that
means bad news for sharks.

225
00:12:44,667 --> 00:12:46,667
[woman 2]
Trauma and
sensationalism sells.

226
00:12:46,700 --> 00:12:50,100
And so for generations now,
the media has capitalized off

227
00:12:50,133 --> 00:12:51,833
of demonizing them.

228
00:12:53,633 --> 00:12:55,367
[Dr. Leonardo Guida]
Drone footage
is now coming out,

229
00:12:55,400 --> 00:12:56,767
particularly
from New South Wales,

230
00:12:56,800 --> 00:12:58,100
and the photography
is awesome.

231
00:12:58,133 --> 00:13:00,500
I mean, the colors,
shapes, and you see surfers

232
00:13:00,533 --> 00:13:02,367
and you see the silhouette
of a shark in the water

233
00:13:02,400 --> 00:13:05,067
and the headline
is "Shark stalks surfer".

234
00:13:05,067 --> 00:13:08,267
And it's like, no, the sharks
just doing its thing.

235
00:13:08,300 --> 00:13:10,467
It probably
hasn't even seen the surfer.

236
00:13:10,500 --> 00:13:13,233
[Jonathan]
The number of times
that negative language

237
00:13:13,267 --> 00:13:17,267
about sharks is repeated
for every shark bite incident.

238
00:13:17,300 --> 00:13:20,233
The number of reports
is astounding.

239
00:13:20,267 --> 00:13:23,067
The average is in the 30s.

240
00:13:23,067 --> 00:13:24,733
[Lawrence Chlebeck]
But the media
will report on them

241
00:13:24,767 --> 00:13:27,067
because these incidents
can be tragic.

242
00:13:27,067 --> 00:13:28,500
They can be traumatic.

243
00:13:28,533 --> 00:13:31,700
We hear words like
maul, man eater, attack,

244
00:13:31,733 --> 00:13:33,100
but more accurately,

245
00:13:33,133 --> 00:13:35,967
these interactions
are classified as just that,
interactions.

246
00:13:36,067 --> 00:13:38,567
It's a bump
or an investigative bite.

247
00:13:38,600 --> 00:13:41,767
We all understand that those
bites can be very tragic

248
00:13:41,800 --> 00:13:44,933
and traumatic,
but it's very, very rarely,

249
00:13:44,967 --> 00:13:46,833
and almost never,
an actual attack.

250
00:13:46,867 --> 00:13:49,600
And that feeds into the public
psyche, of what they think.

251
00:13:49,633 --> 00:13:51,967
They think the sharks
are out there hunting them.

252
00:13:52,067 --> 00:13:55,067
And that's really not at all
what's happening.

253
00:13:55,067 --> 00:13:58,400
[Ocean Ramsey]
The tolerance
that sharks show for humans

254
00:13:58,433 --> 00:14:01,367
being such capable
predators as they are,

255
00:14:01,400 --> 00:14:04,400
it never ceases to astonish me

256
00:14:04,433 --> 00:14:06,167
and people don't give them
credit for that.

257
00:14:06,200 --> 00:14:08,067
They swim past surfers,
swimmers, and divers

258
00:14:08,100 --> 00:14:09,067
all day, every day.

259
00:14:09,100 --> 00:14:11,167
And it's so rare
that they make a mistake.

260
00:14:11,200 --> 00:14:13,600
You think about how many
mistakes humans make.

261
00:14:13,633 --> 00:14:16,133
And it's just... I wish
that they got that credit,

262
00:14:16,167 --> 00:14:17,700
and that made the news,

263
00:14:17,733 --> 00:14:19,500
because that's something
that happens every day,

264
00:14:19,533 --> 00:14:22,800
and not the extremely rare
mistaken identity bite.

265
00:14:31,967 --> 00:14:34,200
I used to be
terrified of sharks.

266
00:14:34,233 --> 00:14:37,067
Uh, I didn't really know
anything about them

267
00:14:37,067 --> 00:14:38,500
except for what
the media told me

268
00:14:38,533 --> 00:14:40,933
and that was always
gnashing teeth

269
00:14:40,967 --> 00:14:42,467
and blood and fear.

270
00:14:42,500 --> 00:14:45,300
And so I fed into that.

271
00:14:45,333 --> 00:14:48,067
In 2005, I ended up passing
a selection course

272
00:14:48,100 --> 00:14:49,400
for the Navy clearance divers

273
00:14:49,433 --> 00:14:51,500
and started
a whole new career,

274
00:14:51,533 --> 00:14:54,500
and I didn't just find
my dream job,

275
00:14:54,533 --> 00:14:56,200
I found my dream life.

276
00:14:57,800 --> 00:14:59,567
In 2009,

277
00:14:59,600 --> 00:15:02,933
I had been a clearance diver
for about four years,

278
00:15:02,967 --> 00:15:07,800
and every single time,
honestly, I got in the water,

279
00:15:07,833 --> 00:15:09,367
I had sharks on the brain.

280
00:15:09,400 --> 00:15:10,833
Even though sharks
terrified me,

281
00:15:10,867 --> 00:15:13,567
I had a focus to get that
out of my mind.

282
00:15:14,567 --> 00:15:16,867
I was swimming in the water
on the surface

283
00:15:16,900 --> 00:15:20,867
right in Sydney Harbor,
right alongside the Navy base.

284
00:15:20,900 --> 00:15:23,233
And I was on my back,
on the surface,

285
00:15:23,267 --> 00:15:26,567
kicking my legs,
doing what we call finning.

286
00:15:26,600 --> 00:15:28,733
I was facing
the other direction,

287
00:15:28,767 --> 00:15:30,867
making sure I was headed
towards the warship

288
00:15:30,900 --> 00:15:32,067
where I was supposed
to be going

289
00:15:32,067 --> 00:15:34,667
and I felt this massive
whack in my leg.

290
00:15:34,700 --> 00:15:37,600
And I turned back around
and came face to face

291
00:15:37,633 --> 00:15:42,333
with a massive shark's head
and I didn't know what to do.

292
00:15:42,367 --> 00:15:45,833
I'd never even seen a big,
dangerous shark before.

293
00:15:45,867 --> 00:15:48,467
And then all of a sudden,
it's attached to me.

294
00:15:48,500 --> 00:15:50,300
My survival instincts
kicked in.

295
00:15:50,333 --> 00:15:51,900
I thought I've got
to get this thing off me.

296
00:15:51,933 --> 00:15:54,233
But I couldn't move my arm

297
00:15:54,267 --> 00:15:56,067
because my hand
was in its mouth.

298
00:15:56,067 --> 00:15:57,733
And so I grabbed it
by the nose

299
00:15:57,767 --> 00:15:59,800
and I tried to lever it
off my leg

300
00:15:59,833 --> 00:16:02,300
but all that did was push
the teeth of the lower jaw

301
00:16:02,333 --> 00:16:03,600
deeper into my leg.

302
00:16:04,400 --> 00:16:06,500
So in a last ditch effort,

303
00:16:06,533 --> 00:16:08,567
I cocked back
to punch it in the nose,

304
00:16:08,600 --> 00:16:10,767
and it started to shake me

305
00:16:10,800 --> 00:16:15,067
and I can't even tell you
how painful this was.

306
00:16:15,800 --> 00:16:17,500
It took me underwater,

307
00:16:17,533 --> 00:16:19,433
and I wasn't just in pain,
I was terrified.

308
00:16:19,467 --> 00:16:23,200
This was my worst nightmare.
And I thought I was gonna die.

309
00:16:26,100 --> 00:16:29,133
The shark's tail
splashed water into my face

310
00:16:29,167 --> 00:16:31,267
and kind of shook me
back to reality.

311
00:16:31,300 --> 00:16:34,067
And I realized,
"Oh, I'm not dead."

312
00:16:34,067 --> 00:16:36,500
And I thought I've gotta
get back to the safety boat.

313
00:16:36,533 --> 00:16:38,067
So my laser-like focus,

314
00:16:38,100 --> 00:16:40,500
all that navy training
and army training kicked in.

315
00:16:40,533 --> 00:16:44,967
My sole entire mission
was to get back to that boat.

316
00:16:45,067 --> 00:16:47,467
As soon as the guys
pulled me into the boat,

317
00:16:47,500 --> 00:16:48,633
I just relaxed.

318
00:16:48,667 --> 00:16:50,933
Just for the simple fact
that I was safe,

319
00:16:50,967 --> 00:16:54,200
my eyes rolled back
in my head and I passed out,

320
00:16:54,233 --> 00:16:57,533
and my mate Tommo
sprang into action.

321
00:16:57,567 --> 00:16:59,633
And his medical training
told him

322
00:16:59,667 --> 00:17:01,733
that I was going
into cardiac arrest.

323
00:17:01,767 --> 00:17:04,800
And so he straddled me
and started pummeling me
in the chest

324
00:17:04,833 --> 00:17:07,267
trying to stimulate my heart
to wake me back up,

325
00:17:07,300 --> 00:17:08,833
and it worked.

326
00:17:08,867 --> 00:17:11,367
And I woke up,
and I looked over,

327
00:17:11,400 --> 00:17:13,800
and my hand was gone.

328
00:17:14,367 --> 00:17:15,833
And I looked up,

329
00:17:15,867 --> 00:17:19,133
and Tommo was beating
the crap out of me.

330
00:17:19,167 --> 00:17:21,233
And I just thought,
"Today sucks."

331
00:17:25,967 --> 00:17:27,067
After the shark attack,

332
00:17:27,067 --> 00:17:28,267
the media was coming to me

333
00:17:28,300 --> 00:17:31,133
to talk about shark
interactions all around
Australia.

334
00:17:31,167 --> 00:17:32,600
And so I had to learn,

335
00:17:32,633 --> 00:17:34,267
so that I knew
what I was talking about.

336
00:17:34,300 --> 00:17:38,467
I can give an educated opinion
instead of just an opinion.

337
00:17:38,500 --> 00:17:40,167
And through doing
that research

338
00:17:40,200 --> 00:17:41,933
and building that knowledge
on sharks,

339
00:17:41,967 --> 00:17:44,167
I started to learn
about the plight of sharks,

340
00:17:44,200 --> 00:17:46,333
about how much strife
they're in,

341
00:17:46,367 --> 00:17:49,067
about what we do to them.

342
00:17:49,100 --> 00:17:52,133
And the old adage goes,
knowledge dispels fear,

343
00:17:52,167 --> 00:17:53,733
and that was so true for me.

344
00:18:09,967 --> 00:18:12,300
[Jonathan]
The title of the program
in New South Wales

345
00:18:12,333 --> 00:18:15,067
is the
Bather Protection Program.

346
00:18:15,067 --> 00:18:16,200
There is the
underlying message,

347
00:18:16,233 --> 00:18:17,367
"We're the government,

348
00:18:17,400 --> 00:18:21,667
and we are keeping you safe
from this big, scary thing."

349
00:18:21,700 --> 00:18:23,133
In Queensland,

350
00:18:23,167 --> 00:18:24,900
we call it
the Shark Control Program.

351
00:18:24,933 --> 00:18:27,300
I defy anyone
to control a shark.

352
00:18:27,333 --> 00:18:28,633
How do you control

353
00:18:28,667 --> 00:18:30,567
one of the greatest animals
in the ocean?

354
00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:32,133
How do you do that?

355
00:18:34,867 --> 00:18:36,900
[Dr. Leonardo]
So the Shark Control Program
in Queensland,

356
00:18:36,933 --> 00:18:38,500
and I hate using
the word "Control",

357
00:18:38,533 --> 00:18:40,233
because you cannot control
an animal.

358
00:18:40,267 --> 00:18:43,067
But for the lack
of a better phrase,

359
00:18:43,067 --> 00:18:45,567
the Shark Control Program
in Queensland as it stands,

360
00:18:45,600 --> 00:18:48,400
its intention is
to kill sharks, to cull them.

361
00:18:51,067 --> 00:18:53,867
My first time swimming
with a tiger shark

362
00:18:53,900 --> 00:18:56,367
was on a drumline
on the Gold Coast,

363
00:18:56,400 --> 00:19:00,333
and she was

364
00:19:00,367 --> 00:19:03,467
literally taking her
last breaths in front of us.

365
00:19:07,233 --> 00:19:09,733
She been hanging there
for quite some time.

366
00:19:09,767 --> 00:19:12,067
Uh, probably early hours
in the morning

367
00:19:12,100 --> 00:19:15,267
and she was suffocating
on this drumline

368
00:19:15,300 --> 00:19:18,567
and I was able to get
really close to her

369
00:19:18,600 --> 00:19:20,500
and I couldn't...

370
00:19:20,533 --> 00:19:24,133
Looking at the details
of this animal was insane,

371
00:19:24,167 --> 00:19:26,767
the patterns on their skin.

372
00:19:26,800 --> 00:19:29,633
And people always refer
to shark's eyes

373
00:19:29,667 --> 00:19:33,167
to be lifeless and soulless
and dark and black.

374
00:19:33,200 --> 00:19:37,633
But looking at her eyes,
they were light colored brown

375
00:19:37,667 --> 00:19:40,500
and they were
so beautiful and deep.

376
00:19:40,533 --> 00:19:42,767
You could be looking
into the eyes of a turtle

377
00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:44,600
or your own dog at home.

378
00:19:46,200 --> 00:19:48,733
That moment really made me

379
00:19:48,767 --> 00:19:50,600
feel connected
to these animals

380
00:19:50,633 --> 00:19:53,267
and made me realize that...

381
00:19:53,300 --> 00:19:55,067
they're just crying for help,

382
00:19:55,100 --> 00:19:58,633
and we're just endlessly
killing them out there.

383
00:19:58,667 --> 00:20:02,200
I've seen multiple tiger
sharks hooked on drumlines.

384
00:20:02,233 --> 00:20:05,100
In fact, the first one
that I ever saw in Australia

385
00:20:05,133 --> 00:20:06,733
was hooked on a drumline,

386
00:20:06,767 --> 00:20:09,633
and it was very difficult
for me to film

387
00:20:09,667 --> 00:20:12,533
because I got in the water
with it thinking it was dead,

388
00:20:12,567 --> 00:20:14,000
but then its eye
was still moving,

389
00:20:14,033 --> 00:20:16,300
so it was just this animal
that I'd always associated

390
00:20:16,333 --> 00:20:18,833
with such power
and presence in the ocean.

391
00:20:18,867 --> 00:20:21,167
And it was just like
laying there, dead.

392
00:20:21,200 --> 00:20:22,667
It was like
going into your yard

393
00:20:22,700 --> 00:20:26,000
and seeing your own pet dog
hooked up on a drumline.

394
00:20:26,033 --> 00:20:29,033
Most people talk about
getting in the water
with sharks for the first time

395
00:20:29,067 --> 00:20:32,100
and their hands are sweaty
and their heart's racing
and they're freaking out.

396
00:20:32,133 --> 00:20:34,333
That's exactly how I felt
when I got out of the water

397
00:20:34,367 --> 00:20:35,800
after filming a dead one.

398
00:20:35,833 --> 00:20:37,833
My heart was racing,
my hands were sweating.

399
00:20:37,867 --> 00:20:39,300
It was terrifying.

400
00:20:39,333 --> 00:20:41,400
It was the only time I've been
in the water with a shark

401
00:20:41,433 --> 00:20:44,567
that I was truly unable
to control my reaction.

402
00:20:44,600 --> 00:20:49,000
Seeing that animal dead
on a drumline was really sad

403
00:20:49,033 --> 00:20:50,433
and really horrific.

404
00:20:50,467 --> 00:20:53,167
And the saddest thing
about all of it

405
00:20:53,200 --> 00:20:54,533
is living in a country

406
00:20:54,567 --> 00:20:57,333
where people kind of
rooted that on

407
00:20:57,367 --> 00:20:58,667
and wanted that to happen,

408
00:20:58,700 --> 00:21:00,533
and in their eyes,
that was a good thing.

409
00:23:06,700 --> 00:23:08,800
[Bana]
For 83 years and counting,

410
00:23:08,833 --> 00:23:11,633
we've been running the world's
longest marine cull.

411
00:23:12,967 --> 00:23:15,633
These culling programs
off Australian shores

412
00:23:15,667 --> 00:23:19,733
add to the millions of sharks
killed globally each year.

413
00:23:19,767 --> 00:23:22,933
However,
unlike the fishing industry,

414
00:23:22,967 --> 00:23:25,567
these culling programs
specifically aim

415
00:23:25,600 --> 00:23:29,200
to kill some endangered
and protected species.

416
00:23:29,233 --> 00:23:30,900
Like the Great White.

417
00:23:32,067 --> 00:23:33,933
Unlike regular fishing,

418
00:23:33,967 --> 00:23:36,400
there are no size limits
in these culls.

419
00:23:36,433 --> 00:23:39,600
Making juveniles, who haven't
reached breeding age yet,

420
00:23:39,633 --> 00:23:41,533
fair game,

421
00:23:41,567 --> 00:23:44,667
decimating an already
threatened population

422
00:23:44,700 --> 00:23:46,367
in the name of safety.

423
00:23:55,067 --> 00:23:58,633
[Paul] I understand
that parents and surfers

424
00:23:58,667 --> 00:24:01,567
and everyone that frequents
the beach in Australia

425
00:24:01,600 --> 00:24:03,367
wants to remain safe.

426
00:24:03,400 --> 00:24:06,600
I don't want anyone
to get attacked either.
Trust me, it hurts.

427
00:24:06,633 --> 00:24:07,800
I don't want
anyone getting hurt.

428
00:24:07,833 --> 00:24:09,367
I don't want anyone dying.

429
00:24:09,400 --> 00:24:10,767
The problem that I have

430
00:24:10,800 --> 00:24:15,067
with the culling of sharks
around Australia is that...

431
00:24:15,100 --> 00:24:18,800
it's not a solution
by any means.

432
00:24:18,833 --> 00:24:22,467
It's a false sense
of security at best,

433
00:24:22,500 --> 00:24:25,867
which is only lulling people
more into the ocean

434
00:24:25,900 --> 00:24:27,433
to risk their lives.

435
00:24:27,467 --> 00:24:29,833
The nets that they have
around Australia,

436
00:24:29,867 --> 00:24:32,700
especially Queensland
and New South Wales,

437
00:24:32,733 --> 00:24:34,800
they don't go to the bottom
of the ocean,

438
00:24:34,833 --> 00:24:36,567
they don't go
to the top of the water,

439
00:24:36,600 --> 00:24:38,433
they don't span
the whole beach.

440
00:24:38,467 --> 00:24:41,733
The sharks can swim around it,
over it, and under it,

441
00:24:41,767 --> 00:24:43,833
and there's nothing
stopping them

442
00:24:43,867 --> 00:24:45,500
from getting to the beach.

443
00:24:45,533 --> 00:24:47,133
Now I understand
they've put them in there

444
00:24:47,167 --> 00:24:49,833
to maybe take out
a few of the sharks

445
00:24:49,867 --> 00:24:50,967
that are hanging around,

446
00:24:51,067 --> 00:24:56,367
but sharks don't domesticate
one area, they migrate.

447
00:24:56,400 --> 00:24:59,500
These sharks that are swimming
through Australian waters,

448
00:24:59,533 --> 00:25:02,467
especially the Great Whites
that we're killing,

449
00:25:02,500 --> 00:25:04,867
they don't belong
to Australia.

450
00:25:04,900 --> 00:25:08,567
They'll swim...
They've been known to swim
all the way to Hawaii.

451
00:25:08,600 --> 00:25:10,633
They swim all the way
down the coast,

452
00:25:10,667 --> 00:25:12,300
all the way down
to New Zealand.

453
00:25:12,333 --> 00:25:14,067
They interbreed down there.

454
00:25:14,067 --> 00:25:16,267
They swim back up the coast,
they follow the whales,

455
00:25:16,300 --> 00:25:17,500
they follow the fish.

456
00:25:17,533 --> 00:25:19,333
They're the ocean sharks.
They're the world's sharks.

457
00:25:19,367 --> 00:25:22,067
They're not Australia's
property to kill.

458
00:25:22,067 --> 00:25:23,267
And this is what happens

459
00:25:23,300 --> 00:25:25,233
when you have
government ministers

460
00:25:25,267 --> 00:25:26,800
running departments

461
00:25:26,833 --> 00:25:29,067
that they have
no education in,

462
00:25:29,100 --> 00:25:30,367
no background in,

463
00:25:30,400 --> 00:25:32,267
and don't know
what they're doing.

464
00:25:32,300 --> 00:25:35,967
They just pander to the
loudest common denominator.

465
00:25:36,067 --> 00:25:37,200
And that's usually the people

466
00:25:37,233 --> 00:25:39,967
calling for the death
of animals, especially sharks.

467
00:25:43,433 --> 00:25:46,500
So anecdotally, what you hear
from a lot of people

468
00:25:46,533 --> 00:25:48,567
that are out on the water
a lot, from fishermen,
and such,

469
00:25:48,600 --> 00:25:50,467
is that sharks
are in plague proportions.

470
00:25:50,500 --> 00:25:53,167
And what we need to remember
that these are very
intelligent animals

471
00:25:53,200 --> 00:25:55,967
that have an ecological
feeding plasticity

472
00:25:56,067 --> 00:25:59,067
that can change their behavior
and follow this salmon
run here

473
00:25:59,067 --> 00:26:00,767
or go over here
when they need to.

474
00:26:00,800 --> 00:26:02,800
They've been around
for 350 million years

475
00:26:02,833 --> 00:26:05,400
perfecting the ability
to change their behavior

476
00:26:05,433 --> 00:26:09,167
for high success
feeding opportunities.

477
00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:11,100
And now fishermen
and fishing boats

478
00:26:11,133 --> 00:26:13,767
provide that high success
feeding opportunity.

479
00:26:13,800 --> 00:26:17,267
So the fact that there's
a massive decline of sharks

480
00:26:17,300 --> 00:26:19,400
and that fishermen
are seeing many of them
around their boats

481
00:26:19,433 --> 00:26:21,533
are not mutually exclusive.

482
00:26:21,567 --> 00:26:23,967
Fishermen can see many,
many sharks around their boats

483
00:26:24,067 --> 00:26:26,533
because they know
that this is where
they can get an easy feed.

484
00:26:26,567 --> 00:26:29,567
However, shark scientists
everywhere around the world,

485
00:26:29,600 --> 00:26:31,133
including the east coast
of Australia,

486
00:26:31,167 --> 00:26:33,533
will tell you
that sharks are dwindling.

487
00:26:33,567 --> 00:26:35,700
Sharks are in major decline
and have been

488
00:26:35,733 --> 00:26:37,400
for about the last
50 to 60 years.

489
00:26:42,067 --> 00:26:44,633
[Jonathan]
We know that the general
population of sharks

490
00:26:44,667 --> 00:26:46,767
has been in great decline,

491
00:26:46,800 --> 00:26:49,333
and there is science
absolutely backing that.

492
00:26:49,367 --> 00:26:52,067
We know that tiger sharks
on the Queensland coast

493
00:26:52,067 --> 00:26:53,700
since 1962,

494
00:26:53,733 --> 00:26:56,367
the science is saying
around about 73% decline,

495
00:26:56,400 --> 00:26:58,067
which is absolutely massive.

496
00:27:10,767 --> 00:27:14,567
Hearing numbers
like 70 to 100 million sharks
are killed every year.

497
00:27:14,600 --> 00:27:17,833
And the big one that got me
was that in 30 years,

498
00:27:17,867 --> 00:27:20,400
we've killed 90-95%

499
00:27:20,433 --> 00:27:22,300
of the world's shark
population.

500
00:27:22,333 --> 00:27:24,233
In 30 years, like...

501
00:27:24,267 --> 00:27:25,833
What's gonna happen
in another 30 years?

502
00:27:25,867 --> 00:27:26,833
They're gone, right?

503
00:27:26,867 --> 00:27:28,300
You know, when you hear
those kind of numbers,

504
00:27:28,333 --> 00:27:30,500
you're like, "Whoa, what?
You know, rewind."

505
00:27:32,700 --> 00:27:36,533
[Bana]
Programs like this
are a global anomaly.

506
00:27:36,567 --> 00:27:38,333
Only two other countries
on earth

507
00:27:38,367 --> 00:27:42,767
operate culling programs,
South Africa and France.

508
00:27:42,800 --> 00:27:44,233
That's it.

509
00:27:44,267 --> 00:27:47,267
Everywhere else in the world,
it's understood.

510
00:27:47,300 --> 00:27:49,867
Their home, your risk.

511
00:27:53,433 --> 00:27:54,800
There's another chain
of islands

512
00:27:54,833 --> 00:27:57,733
all alone in the middle
of the Pacific Ocean

513
00:27:57,767 --> 00:28:00,767
that is confronted by these
very same challenges.

514
00:28:02,067 --> 00:28:03,500
A paradise where sharks

515
00:28:03,533 --> 00:28:06,667
carry a strong
cultural significance,

516
00:28:06,700 --> 00:28:08,767
held sacred by many families

517
00:28:08,800 --> 00:28:12,067
as their ancestral
spirit guides.

518
00:28:12,100 --> 00:28:15,333
Traditionally respected
but not feared.

519
00:28:16,867 --> 00:28:18,167
Hawaii.

520
00:28:22,733 --> 00:28:24,567
It's so sad and unfortunate

521
00:28:24,600 --> 00:28:27,533
that even in Hawaii, um,
multiple decades ago,

522
00:28:27,567 --> 00:28:29,100
they actually culled sharks,

523
00:28:29,133 --> 00:28:31,900
some of the methods
being nets or drumlines.

524
00:28:31,933 --> 00:28:34,167
And it was scientifically
documented in study

525
00:28:34,200 --> 00:28:36,967
to show that it does nothing
to reduce the number

526
00:28:37,067 --> 00:28:38,700
of adverse interactions.

527
00:28:38,733 --> 00:28:42,267
And so we've scientifically
proven that culling
is not effective

528
00:28:42,300 --> 00:28:44,667
and can actually attract
sharks closer to shore.

529
00:28:46,333 --> 00:28:51,200
[Juan] Back in '91,
there was a series
of mistaken identity bites,

530
00:28:51,233 --> 00:28:52,500
so about seven.

531
00:28:52,533 --> 00:28:54,167
And no fatalities,

532
00:28:54,200 --> 00:28:56,600
but it was within,
like, a three-month span.

533
00:28:56,633 --> 00:28:59,767
So the community,
especially here
on the North Shore of Oahu,

534
00:28:59,800 --> 00:29:01,300
was really concerned,

535
00:29:01,333 --> 00:29:04,567
and it kind of sparked a cull,
you know, and...

536
00:29:04,600 --> 00:29:07,667
I was just a kid at the time,
but it was a scary time.

537
00:29:07,700 --> 00:29:09,267
It was just the fear
throughout the community,

538
00:29:09,300 --> 00:29:10,900
and it's probably similar
to in certain parts

539
00:29:10,933 --> 00:29:12,767
what's going on
in Australia right now,

540
00:29:12,800 --> 00:29:14,600
but it was really sad.

541
00:29:14,633 --> 00:29:15,833
I mean, they killed...

542
00:29:15,867 --> 00:29:18,600
I think that estimated
at the time
that they were done

543
00:29:18,633 --> 00:29:21,400
in that year period,
they killed
over 500 tiger sharks.

544
00:29:21,433 --> 00:29:23,433
So it was really bad.

545
00:29:24,667 --> 00:29:26,933
The really nice thing
about that period though,

546
00:29:26,967 --> 00:29:30,733
a scientist named Carl Meyers
was doing a study on it.

547
00:29:30,767 --> 00:29:34,667
And he proved that culling
was actually not effective.

548
00:29:34,700 --> 00:29:38,100
And in fact, when you take out
a large apex predator

549
00:29:38,133 --> 00:29:39,367
like a tiger shark,

550
00:29:39,400 --> 00:29:42,200
which is a very
territorial animal
and nomadic species,

551
00:29:42,233 --> 00:29:44,500
you're actually
reducing that area

552
00:29:44,533 --> 00:29:47,733
to allow more smaller
juvenile sharks.

553
00:29:47,767 --> 00:29:50,600
And the larger sharks
are actually a lot more
knowledgeable

554
00:29:50,633 --> 00:29:52,800
about what's a food source,
what's not a food source.

555
00:29:52,833 --> 00:29:54,967
So in essence,
you're bringing
these teenagers in

556
00:29:55,067 --> 00:29:57,133
that are still trying
to figure out what's going on.

557
00:29:57,167 --> 00:29:59,067
And those are the ones
making the mistakes,

558
00:29:59,100 --> 00:30:02,967
not these big, large,
beautiful females
or adult tiger sharks,

559
00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:05,767
and so it was making
the situation worse

560
00:30:05,800 --> 00:30:08,333
by killing the large sharks.

561
00:30:08,367 --> 00:30:09,533
So growing up with that fear,

562
00:30:09,567 --> 00:30:12,400
it's so interesting to see
where I'm at today,

563
00:30:12,433 --> 00:30:14,700
you know, and my whole life
kind of feels like

564
00:30:14,733 --> 00:30:16,633
it's been about protecting
an animal that I grew up

565
00:30:16,667 --> 00:30:18,467
so petrified of.

566
00:30:19,867 --> 00:30:21,467
[Ocean]
And so we've used
that research

567
00:30:21,500 --> 00:30:24,867
to try and push,
and more so the community
and conservation efforts,

568
00:30:24,900 --> 00:30:28,667
to push, to ban the purposeful
killing of sharks and rays.

569
00:30:28,700 --> 00:30:31,733
And, um,
in the last few years,

570
00:30:31,767 --> 00:30:34,400
this push for protection
for sharks

571
00:30:34,433 --> 00:30:36,933
has been met
by some opposition

572
00:30:36,967 --> 00:30:38,567
at different levels.

573
00:30:38,600 --> 00:30:40,633
The first level
was financially.

574
00:30:40,667 --> 00:30:42,567
Could they actually
enforce the law?

575
00:30:42,600 --> 00:30:44,233
We address that
through support,

576
00:30:44,267 --> 00:30:45,967
through ecotourism.

577
00:30:46,000 --> 00:30:49,633
And so actually taking
a very small percentage
of money

578
00:30:49,667 --> 00:30:51,967
from people who want
to go see a live shark

579
00:30:52,000 --> 00:30:54,133
and that could easily
fund that bill.

580
00:30:54,167 --> 00:30:55,567
So it's really...

581
00:30:55,600 --> 00:30:58,433
It's tough working
in the political systems,

582
00:30:58,467 --> 00:31:00,667
but it is possible,
and every year,

583
00:31:00,700 --> 00:31:03,900
the number of people
in support of these bills
is growing.

584
00:31:11,467 --> 00:31:16,867
[Bana] Until now,
these programs have operated
under a veil of secrecy.

585
00:31:16,900 --> 00:31:21,133
They have successfully
avoided intense scrutiny
from the public eye.

586
00:31:21,167 --> 00:31:23,233
Some politicians are adamant

587
00:31:23,267 --> 00:31:25,933
that these programs
keep swimmers safe,

588
00:31:25,967 --> 00:31:30,133
citing the low number
of fatalities at beaches
where culling occurs.

589
00:31:31,100 --> 00:31:33,500
But has it really
saved human lives

590
00:31:33,533 --> 00:31:36,533
by killing hundreds
of thousands of sharks?

591
00:31:44,200 --> 00:31:49,200
The Great Barrier Reef.
An Australian icon.

592
00:31:49,233 --> 00:31:52,367
So remarkable
you can see it from space.

593
00:31:52,400 --> 00:31:54,767
The jewel in our marine crown.

594
00:31:54,800 --> 00:31:57,767
It is the world's largest
coral reef ecosystem,

595
00:31:57,800 --> 00:32:00,933
home to thousands
of unique species.

596
00:32:00,967 --> 00:32:04,600
It's one of the best known
natural wonders of the world,

597
00:32:04,633 --> 00:32:06,133
already under threat

598
00:32:06,167 --> 00:32:08,967
from warming
and acidifying oceans.

599
00:32:09,067 --> 00:32:12,067
It's important to know
how critical sharks are

600
00:32:12,067 --> 00:32:15,200
to keeping this fragile
ecosystem alive

601
00:32:15,233 --> 00:32:18,700
and just how dangerous
it could be to remove them.

602
00:32:26,267 --> 00:32:28,567
[Dr. Leonardo]
Austrians love
the Great Barrier Reef.

603
00:32:28,600 --> 00:32:30,067
I mean, intuitively,
instinctively.

604
00:32:30,100 --> 00:32:32,233
You know you can feel it.
I'm thinking it right now.

605
00:32:32,267 --> 00:32:33,733
I just say Great Barrier Reef
and I'm like,

606
00:32:33,767 --> 00:32:35,900
"Yes, Australia."

607
00:32:35,933 --> 00:32:40,400
But how to articulate
that into words...

608
00:32:40,433 --> 00:32:41,667
I think that's actually
the beauty of it.

609
00:32:41,700 --> 00:32:43,400
The fact that you can't
really articulate it.

610
00:32:43,433 --> 00:32:45,467
It's magical and mystical.

611
00:32:45,500 --> 00:32:47,567
I think that's why people
love the Great Barrier Reef,

612
00:32:47,600 --> 00:32:49,233
and when you do get
a chance to see it,

613
00:32:49,267 --> 00:32:51,067
I mean, aside from pictures
and videos...

614
00:32:51,100 --> 00:32:53,100
When you do get
a chance to see it,

615
00:32:53,133 --> 00:32:55,400
it's mind blowing.

616
00:33:12,933 --> 00:33:16,067
The Great Barrier Reef
Outlook Report 2019

617
00:33:16,067 --> 00:33:18,967
is a report that's done
every five years.

618
00:33:19,067 --> 00:33:21,833
And it assesses the health
of the Great Barrier Reef,

619
00:33:21,867 --> 00:33:24,533
uh, the pressures,
the challenges it faces,

620
00:33:24,567 --> 00:33:26,067
the gaps in our knowledge,

621
00:33:26,067 --> 00:33:29,467
and also it gives
a bit of a projection
of its likely future.

622
00:33:29,500 --> 00:33:30,867
Unfortunately,

623
00:33:30,900 --> 00:33:33,267
the latest report
has downgraded
the Great Barrier Reef

624
00:33:33,300 --> 00:33:36,167
from being in poor health
to very poor health.

625
00:33:39,600 --> 00:33:41,700
It identified as a key threat

626
00:33:41,733 --> 00:33:43,933
to the resilience
and health of the reef

627
00:33:43,967 --> 00:33:47,067
uh, the removal of predators,
top-level predators,

628
00:33:47,100 --> 00:33:48,667
and that includes your sharks,

629
00:33:48,700 --> 00:33:51,300
and there's an issue
with some species

630
00:33:51,333 --> 00:33:52,833
uh, that are under
considerable threat.

631
00:33:54,867 --> 00:33:57,500
[Holly]
Sharks play a vital role
in an ecosystem.

632
00:33:57,533 --> 00:34:01,333
And by taking out sharks
off the Great Barrier Reef,

633
00:34:01,367 --> 00:34:03,433
we're gonna see
dramatic effects

634
00:34:03,467 --> 00:34:04,733
so we're gonna see impacts

635
00:34:04,767 --> 00:34:07,267
on even the lowest
of levels with corals

636
00:34:07,300 --> 00:34:09,933
and the amount of algae
that grows on the corals.

637
00:34:11,300 --> 00:34:12,800
[Dr. Leonardo]
If we take out the sharks,

638
00:34:12,833 --> 00:34:15,667
your middle fish
explode in numbers,

639
00:34:15,700 --> 00:34:18,867
and these middle fish
are sometimes herbivores,

640
00:34:18,900 --> 00:34:21,800
so they might eat
the algae off coral,

641
00:34:21,833 --> 00:34:24,167
munch on the coral
or animals around the coral.

642
00:34:24,200 --> 00:34:27,667
And if their numbers
essentially grow unchecked,

643
00:34:27,700 --> 00:34:29,567
then all of a sudden,
the coral is experiencing

644
00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:31,600
a lot of pressure
it otherwise wasn't under.

645
00:34:31,633 --> 00:34:33,533
Then, the herbivores
have got nothing left to eat,

646
00:34:33,567 --> 00:34:35,867
and then
they kind of fall apart.

647
00:34:38,800 --> 00:34:40,500
The sharks actually perform

648
00:34:40,533 --> 00:34:42,633
more than just
a predatory role.

649
00:34:42,667 --> 00:34:44,533
Uh, it's quite complex
how they work

650
00:34:44,567 --> 00:34:45,967
for an ecosystem.

651
00:34:46,067 --> 00:34:47,633
Um, Sharks also modify

652
00:34:47,667 --> 00:34:50,300
the behavior of other animals
in the system.

653
00:34:50,333 --> 00:34:52,833
So a great example,

654
00:34:52,867 --> 00:34:54,700
looking at tiger sharks
and dugongs,

655
00:34:54,733 --> 00:34:57,533
what the tiger shark does
is it comes into an area.

656
00:34:57,567 --> 00:35:00,067
The dugong is happily
munching away on seagrass

657
00:35:00,067 --> 00:35:02,500
around a reef ecosystem,
a coastal ecosystem,

658
00:35:02,533 --> 00:35:03,667
a seagrass meadow or wherever.

659
00:35:03,700 --> 00:35:04,900
It's happily munching away,

660
00:35:04,933 --> 00:35:07,167
getting its fill,
not a care in the world.

661
00:35:07,200 --> 00:35:08,933
The moment
it senses or notices

662
00:35:08,967 --> 00:35:10,200
a tiger shark in the area,

663
00:35:10,233 --> 00:35:11,867
all of a sudden
it's on its toes.

664
00:35:11,900 --> 00:35:13,867
Um, it stops eating,

665
00:35:13,900 --> 00:35:15,133
and it might dart off
somewhere else

666
00:35:15,167 --> 00:35:16,233
and eat a little bit there,

667
00:35:16,267 --> 00:35:19,067
'cause it's now more concerned
about being eaten itself

668
00:35:19,067 --> 00:35:20,667
than eating seagrass.

669
00:35:23,467 --> 00:35:27,233
So seagrass actually stores
more carbon than rainforests.

670
00:35:27,267 --> 00:35:28,700
What the tiger shark is doing

671
00:35:28,733 --> 00:35:31,500
by modifying or changing
the behavior of the dugong,

672
00:35:31,533 --> 00:35:33,367
one, it's looking
after the little guys,

673
00:35:33,400 --> 00:35:34,533
so these fish can grow up

674
00:35:34,567 --> 00:35:35,900
and venture out
into the ocean,

675
00:35:35,933 --> 00:35:38,067
and two, it's helping us
fight climate change.

676
00:35:38,067 --> 00:35:39,800
So the tiger shark
protecting the seagrass,

677
00:35:39,833 --> 00:35:42,100
it's ensuring that we have
a good carbon store.

678
00:35:45,167 --> 00:35:47,833
[Holly]
We can't just take
one species

679
00:35:47,867 --> 00:35:51,867
or one type of animal
out of an ecosystem

680
00:35:51,900 --> 00:35:54,167
and expect the rest
to function normally.

681
00:35:54,200 --> 00:35:56,267
It all interlinks
with each other

682
00:35:56,300 --> 00:35:58,333
and taking the sharks out,

683
00:35:58,367 --> 00:36:01,300
you're actually gonna have
a really big impact

684
00:36:01,333 --> 00:36:04,867
on the coral reef
and that impacts
our tourism in Australia.

685
00:36:04,900 --> 00:36:06,067
We have a lot of people

686
00:36:06,100 --> 00:36:07,900
that wanna see
the Great Barrier Reef,

687
00:36:07,933 --> 00:36:10,900
but by taking sharks out
of that ecosystem,

688
00:36:10,933 --> 00:36:12,533
it's not gonna be the same.

689
00:36:13,900 --> 00:36:15,667
[Dr. Leonardo]
We've had some studies
come out that show

690
00:36:15,700 --> 00:36:18,733
that having sharks on the reef

691
00:36:18,767 --> 00:36:21,300
boosts not only the kinds
of fish you find there

692
00:36:21,333 --> 00:36:23,100
but just the absolute
numbers of fish

693
00:36:23,133 --> 00:36:24,233
by having sharks there.

694
00:36:24,267 --> 00:36:27,067
And it's one of the reasons
why reef areas

695
00:36:27,100 --> 00:36:29,367
are particularly
popular with fishers,

696
00:36:29,400 --> 00:36:30,500
both commercial
and recreational,

697
00:36:30,533 --> 00:36:31,933
'cause there are
a lot of fish,

698
00:36:31,967 --> 00:36:33,400
and the sizes of fish
are reasonably decent.

699
00:36:33,433 --> 00:36:35,900
And to have that support
on a reef ecosystem,

700
00:36:35,933 --> 00:36:37,367
you need sharks.

701
00:36:45,767 --> 00:36:48,200
[Madison Stewart]
So when I was
about 12 years old,

702
00:36:48,233 --> 00:36:50,733
I did my first ever trip
to the Great Barrier Reef.

703
00:36:50,767 --> 00:36:53,467
And there was this one spot
where my dad and I

704
00:36:53,500 --> 00:36:55,067
would get in the water
for a night dive.

705
00:36:55,067 --> 00:36:56,633
And we'd wait
for the divers to leave

706
00:36:56,667 --> 00:36:58,800
and we'd stay under the boats
'cause the boats
had these big floodlights

707
00:36:58,833 --> 00:37:00,467
that would bring
all the little fish around

708
00:37:00,500 --> 00:37:03,067
and then all the sharks
would come around
to eat these little fish.

709
00:37:03,100 --> 00:37:05,600
So there was
about 20 to 30 little
Grey Reef Sharks

710
00:37:05,633 --> 00:37:06,967
behind the back of the boat.

711
00:37:07,067 --> 00:37:08,667
And I used to do this thing
where I would breathe

712
00:37:08,700 --> 00:37:10,233
really heavy
in my SCUBA equipment

713
00:37:10,267 --> 00:37:11,700
and accelerate my heart rate.

714
00:37:11,733 --> 00:37:13,333
And the sharks
would pick up on that,

715
00:37:13,367 --> 00:37:16,533
and they would come in
and start, like, buzzing me
and getting all excited.

716
00:37:16,567 --> 00:37:18,433
And that was like
this little game
I played with them.

717
00:37:18,467 --> 00:37:21,667
It was the first time
that I really had an amazing
connection with sharks.

718
00:37:21,700 --> 00:37:25,700
But the very next year,
I came back to that same spot,

719
00:37:25,733 --> 00:37:28,300
the same reef, the same dive,
same time of year,

720
00:37:28,333 --> 00:37:29,833
and there were
no sharks there.

721
00:37:29,867 --> 00:37:31,800
There was like one shark
in the distance

722
00:37:31,833 --> 00:37:33,700
too scared to come close
to the light.

723
00:37:33,733 --> 00:37:37,067
And that for me
kind of woke me up
a little bit.

724
00:37:37,067 --> 00:37:38,600
And when I turned 14,

725
00:37:38,633 --> 00:37:40,700
I really started
to focus on things

726
00:37:40,733 --> 00:37:42,133
that were happening
in my own backyard,

727
00:37:42,167 --> 00:37:44,433
which was
the Great Barrier Reef
where I grew up diving,

728
00:37:44,467 --> 00:37:46,300
and I had no idea
that there were things

729
00:37:46,333 --> 00:37:49,167
threatening
what I always thought
was a Marine Park.

730
00:37:51,100 --> 00:37:52,900
Queensland...

731
00:37:54,133 --> 00:37:56,067
They're just killing sharks.

732
00:37:56,067 --> 00:37:57,733
They've got drumlines

733
00:37:57,767 --> 00:38:00,233
in the Great Barrier Reef
Marine Park.

734
00:38:01,533 --> 00:38:05,300
One of the seven natural
wonders of the world.

735
00:38:05,333 --> 00:38:08,533
We're not just fishing it
and wiping it out.

736
00:38:08,567 --> 00:38:10,200
We're not just
coral bleaching it

737
00:38:10,233 --> 00:38:11,433
and wiping it out.

738
00:38:11,467 --> 00:38:14,967
We're killing the doctors
of the reef.

739
00:38:15,067 --> 00:38:18,700
The animals that keep
the whole ecosystem
in check.

740
00:38:18,733 --> 00:38:20,267
Now what does that tell you

741
00:38:20,300 --> 00:38:22,267
about the future
of our Great Barrier Reef

742
00:38:22,300 --> 00:38:23,833
in our Australian waters?

743
00:38:29,333 --> 00:38:33,733
[Bana] As politicians
debate human lives
versus shark lives,

744
00:38:33,767 --> 00:38:37,067
protecting our ocean
versus tourism dollars,

745
00:38:37,067 --> 00:38:39,700
there is something
we've all been missing.

746
00:38:39,733 --> 00:38:42,933
One simple question
in this whole culling debate

747
00:38:42,967 --> 00:38:46,167
that has only
very recently been asked.

748
00:38:46,200 --> 00:38:47,967
Is it even legal?

749
00:38:53,100 --> 00:38:54,367
[Lawrence Chlebeck]
So a few years back,

750
00:38:54,400 --> 00:38:57,600
the Great Barrier Reef
Marine Park Authority
issued a permit

751
00:38:57,633 --> 00:38:59,800
for Queensland's
Agriculture and Fisheries

752
00:38:59,833 --> 00:39:02,233
to operate
173 lethal drumlines

753
00:39:02,267 --> 00:39:04,267
within the boundaries
of the Great Barrier Reef
Marine Park.

754
00:39:06,067 --> 00:39:08,367
So we had a look
at that permit and we realized

755
00:39:08,400 --> 00:39:11,733
that allowing the lethal take
of apex predators

756
00:39:11,767 --> 00:39:13,433
within a World Heritage Area,

757
00:39:13,467 --> 00:39:15,067
Great Barrier Reef
Marine Park,

758
00:39:15,100 --> 00:39:17,700
was in direct violation

759
00:39:17,733 --> 00:39:19,633
of the Great Barrier Reef
Marine Park's mandate

760
00:39:19,667 --> 00:39:23,167
to protect the ecological
viability of the reef.

761
00:39:27,700 --> 00:39:30,767
We had a look at that permit,
and we're trying to
investigate

762
00:39:30,800 --> 00:39:33,633
if there was any legal
recourse we could take
to challenge that.

763
00:39:33,667 --> 00:39:36,333
So we called our good friends,
the Environmental
Defenders Office,

764
00:39:36,367 --> 00:39:38,300
we attempted to find
a middle ground

765
00:39:38,333 --> 00:39:40,900
with Queensland Fisheries
and were unable to do so.

766
00:39:40,933 --> 00:39:42,967
And that's when we learned

767
00:39:43,067 --> 00:39:45,567
that within the bounds
of the Administrative Appeals
Tribunal,

768
00:39:45,600 --> 00:39:47,367
we would be able
to challenge that permit.

769
00:39:57,500 --> 00:40:00,500
In court,
we built our argument
around two facets.

770
00:40:00,533 --> 00:40:03,367
The first of which is that
removing apex predators

771
00:40:03,400 --> 00:40:06,500
from a World Heritage Area
and protected ecosystem

772
00:40:06,533 --> 00:40:09,300
is not a good way to protect
that ecosystem.

773
00:40:09,333 --> 00:40:12,300
And second of all,
and probably most importantly,

774
00:40:12,333 --> 00:40:16,600
is that shark culling
has no impact
on swimmer safety.

775
00:40:16,633 --> 00:40:18,567
The Queensland Department
of Agriculture and Fisheries'

776
00:40:18,600 --> 00:40:20,933
own expert witness
admitted on the stand

777
00:40:20,967 --> 00:40:22,133
that if the lethal component

778
00:40:22,167 --> 00:40:24,200
of the Shark Control Program
was ended tomorrow,

779
00:40:24,233 --> 00:40:26,033
it would have no impact
on swimmer safety.

780
00:40:28,433 --> 00:40:30,733
We got a ten minute heads-up
from our lawyers

781
00:40:30,767 --> 00:40:32,800
that the decision
was coming down.

782
00:40:32,833 --> 00:40:36,333
And so it's ten minutes
of stressful waiting,

783
00:40:36,367 --> 00:40:39,900
and then, when we finally
get the document
and we're reading through it,

784
00:40:39,933 --> 00:40:42,333
not completely understanding
the technical jargon,

785
00:40:42,367 --> 00:40:46,233
and then we're all coming
at the same time slowly
to this realization,

786
00:40:46,267 --> 00:40:48,367
holy [inaudible],
we won.

787
00:40:48,400 --> 00:40:51,833
Sharks caught on drumlines
will no longer be killed

788
00:40:51,867 --> 00:40:53,500
but tagged and released

789
00:40:53,533 --> 00:40:55,300
following a significant
court win

790
00:40:55,333 --> 00:40:57,000
by environmentalists.

791
00:40:57,033 --> 00:40:59,833
While the ruling is limited
to the Great Barrier Reef
for now,

792
00:40:59,867 --> 00:41:02,567
experts want
the decision expanded.

793
00:41:02,600 --> 00:41:05,400
[Lawrence] The tribunal
found the evidence

794
00:41:05,433 --> 00:41:09,933
that shark culling
had no scientific basis

795
00:41:09,967 --> 00:41:15,067
and had no proof
to be reducing the risk
of shark bite,

796
00:41:15,067 --> 00:41:16,733
and that this program

797
00:41:16,767 --> 00:41:19,600
was negatively
impacting the health
of the Great Barrier Reef.

798
00:41:19,633 --> 00:41:24,133
They found evidence
to those points to be,
quote, "Overwhelming".

799
00:41:24,167 --> 00:41:25,800
And in any other circumstance,

800
00:41:25,833 --> 00:41:27,667
this would have been
a Hollywood mic drop,

801
00:41:27,700 --> 00:41:28,767
end-of-the-movie moment.

802
00:41:33,200 --> 00:41:34,900
[Dr. Leonardo] The Queensland
government's reaction,

803
00:41:36,100 --> 00:41:38,200
I don't know
how to describe it.

804
00:41:38,233 --> 00:41:41,100
It seemed very odd.

805
00:41:41,133 --> 00:41:43,900
There's an opportunity
to move forward, and...

806
00:41:45,067 --> 00:41:46,200
they stalled.

807
00:41:46,233 --> 00:41:49,300
We need to ensure
that we're putting people
before sharks.

808
00:41:49,333 --> 00:41:52,900
[man 1] The government
agrees, announcing
its plans to appeal.

809
00:41:52,933 --> 00:41:55,867
[man 2] We will always
put human life first.

810
00:41:55,900 --> 00:41:58,833
The community
expectations, uh,

811
00:41:58,867 --> 00:42:01,400
that their beaches are kept
as safe as possible.

812
00:42:01,433 --> 00:42:02,767
Since 1962,

813
00:42:02,800 --> 00:42:05,433
there has been one fatality,
that says it all to me.

814
00:42:09,967 --> 00:42:12,500
So Queensland
had this golden opportunity

815
00:42:12,533 --> 00:42:13,867
to take this decision

816
00:42:13,900 --> 00:42:17,167
and really implement
some sweeping changes
across the program

817
00:42:17,200 --> 00:42:19,733
that were better gonna
protect the public,

818
00:42:19,767 --> 00:42:22,500
better protect the ocean,
better protect the reef.

819
00:42:22,533 --> 00:42:24,900
But instead,
they really doubled down
on their position,

820
00:42:24,933 --> 00:42:27,567
and I guess
this is just indicative

821
00:42:27,600 --> 00:42:29,667
of what we see all over
the world in politics today.

822
00:42:29,700 --> 00:42:31,533
Politicians are doubling down

823
00:42:31,567 --> 00:42:34,733
on what they said
in the beginning and digging
themselves in holes

824
00:42:34,767 --> 00:42:35,867
further and further.

825
00:42:35,900 --> 00:42:39,067
And shark culling
is no stranger to this.

826
00:42:39,067 --> 00:42:41,667
And it'll be so important,
this federal appeal,

827
00:42:41,700 --> 00:42:45,467
as in if we can win that,
we'll really give them
no other option.

828
00:42:47,067 --> 00:42:48,600
[Bana] Inspite of all this,

829
00:42:48,633 --> 00:42:51,267
the Queensland Government
continues to refuse

830
00:42:51,300 --> 00:42:55,067
to follow the overwhelming
evidence uncovered
in this case.

831
00:42:55,067 --> 00:42:58,600
Instead, simply moving
every single drumline

832
00:42:58,633 --> 00:43:01,400
they were forced to remove
from the Marine Park

833
00:43:01,433 --> 00:43:03,733
to just outside its borders.

834
00:43:05,233 --> 00:43:06,700
At the turn of the millennium,

835
00:43:06,733 --> 00:43:10,200
the Environment
Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act

836
00:43:10,233 --> 00:43:11,867
was introduced,

837
00:43:11,900 --> 00:43:16,067
requiring any activities
harming protected species,

838
00:43:16,100 --> 00:43:19,367
like the culling of great
whites, to seek approval.

839
00:43:21,367 --> 00:43:25,167
Due to a loophole in the Act,
anything lawful taking place

840
00:43:25,200 --> 00:43:28,600
prior to the introduction
of the Act can continue,

841
00:43:28,633 --> 00:43:31,500
free from any formal
approval process,

842
00:43:31,533 --> 00:43:33,700
so long as it doesn't expand.

843
00:43:35,733 --> 00:43:38,933
New South Wales have held
their end of the bargain,

844
00:43:38,967 --> 00:43:41,067
keeping their program
the same size,

845
00:43:41,067 --> 00:43:44,767
51 beaches,
since the year 2000.

846
00:43:44,800 --> 00:43:47,600
But Queensland
continues to push its luck

847
00:43:47,633 --> 00:43:48,833
with the law.

848
00:43:48,867 --> 00:43:51,200
They have expanded
and intensified

849
00:43:51,233 --> 00:43:53,467
the Shark Control Program
significantly

850
00:43:53,500 --> 00:43:55,500
in the past 20 years,

851
00:43:55,533 --> 00:43:57,667
breaching the very loophole

852
00:43:57,700 --> 00:44:01,167
they used to avoid
needing official approval.

853
00:44:01,200 --> 00:44:04,967
And they are suffering
zero consequences.

854
00:44:05,067 --> 00:44:08,233
This could well be
the next legal challenge
to culling.

855
00:44:13,300 --> 00:44:14,800
[man 1 speaking indistinctly]

856
00:44:14,833 --> 00:44:16,700
[man 2]
Just come back here
with that camera for a minute,

857
00:44:16,733 --> 00:44:17,800
please, I haven't finished.

858
00:44:17,833 --> 00:44:18,800
[man 1]
She's got certain...

859
00:44:18,833 --> 00:44:20,067
[overlapping chatter]

860
00:44:20,100 --> 00:44:21,800
[man 1] ...concerns about
the safety of the operation.

861
00:44:21,833 --> 00:44:23,267
[man 2]
Oh, I want that camera.

862
00:44:23,300 --> 00:44:26,633
[o overlapping chatter]

863
00:44:26,667 --> 00:44:30,400
[man 1]
So we'll just get your names
and addresses at this stage.

864
00:44:30,433 --> 00:44:34,867
And we'll get the full details
from the lady on board
the boat, okay?

865
00:44:48,833 --> 00:44:51,300
[Migah Lester] Back in 1992,
on Easter Monday,

866
00:44:51,333 --> 00:44:55,233
myself and two kids
from the neighborhood
were hanging out all day.

867
00:44:55,267 --> 00:44:57,600
One of them,
his name was Paul Rogers.

868
00:44:57,633 --> 00:44:59,533
And it was a typical hot day

869
00:44:59,567 --> 00:45:01,700
in the Easter holidays
on the Gold Coast.

870
00:45:01,733 --> 00:45:03,500
So we asked our parents
if we could go surfing.

871
00:45:03,533 --> 00:45:05,100
They said, "Yes,"
as long as we surf

872
00:45:05,133 --> 00:45:07,600
right next
to the patrol flags.

873
00:45:07,633 --> 00:45:09,967
I had been surfing
the previous two weeks,

874
00:45:10,067 --> 00:45:13,933
so I knew
that there was a drumline
that had been washed in.

875
00:45:13,967 --> 00:45:15,267
I paddled out,

876
00:45:15,300 --> 00:45:18,700
and I noticed my two friends
didn't get out of the back.

877
00:45:18,733 --> 00:45:21,167
And I was a little bit older,
I was 11,

878
00:45:21,200 --> 00:45:23,167
so I was thinking, "Oh, maybe
they're just struggling

879
00:45:23,200 --> 00:45:24,700
to get through the little
white waters,

880
00:45:24,733 --> 00:45:26,167
to get out the back."

881
00:45:26,200 --> 00:45:27,867
But I drifted
into the patrol flags

882
00:45:27,900 --> 00:45:29,500
where we're not allowed
to surf and I thought,

883
00:45:29,533 --> 00:45:31,600
"Okay, instead of paddling
against the current,

884
00:45:31,633 --> 00:45:34,133
I'll run around and see
if they're in the shore break
and I'll join them."

885
00:45:35,200 --> 00:45:38,567
As I got to the beach,
I was running on the sand

886
00:45:38,600 --> 00:45:42,200
and I'd seen a bunch
of lifeguards

887
00:45:42,233 --> 00:45:44,100
bringing Paul in,
carrying him in.

888
00:45:44,133 --> 00:45:46,067
My immediate thought
was, "Oh, wow.

889
00:45:46,067 --> 00:45:48,333
Paul is helping them
with their training."

890
00:45:48,367 --> 00:45:49,800
They put him down
on the ground,

891
00:45:49,833 --> 00:45:52,167
and the second
they put him on the ground,
they started CPR.

892
00:45:56,300 --> 00:46:00,900
The first thing I noticed was,
when I looked down at Paul,

893
00:46:00,933 --> 00:46:04,167
I could see his ankle
had these

894
00:46:04,200 --> 00:46:05,667
really deep, intense...

895
00:46:06,833 --> 00:46:08,500
rope or cable marks

896
00:46:08,533 --> 00:46:10,567
that looked like it was
wrapped around his ankle.

897
00:46:11,133 --> 00:46:12,900
His eyes were open,

898
00:46:12,933 --> 00:46:14,633
and the guys who were
doing CPR were crying,

899
00:46:14,667 --> 00:46:16,633
and it all kind of,
like, sunk in, you know.

900
00:46:16,667 --> 00:46:18,600
We're just little kids
and it's like, "Oh, my God."

901
00:46:22,667 --> 00:46:25,933
It was the next morning
when I was heading
to the hospital to see him,

902
00:46:25,967 --> 00:46:29,300
and he was in intensive care,
and then on the radio,

903
00:46:29,333 --> 00:46:31,067
it came on
that he didn't make it.

904
00:46:31,067 --> 00:46:32,633
That's something
that I'll never forget,

905
00:46:32,667 --> 00:46:34,067
that I've always lived with.

906
00:46:35,700 --> 00:46:39,067
I just don't...
I don't know, man. I just...

907
00:46:39,100 --> 00:46:42,667
The audacity of that
Shark Control Program
or the people that run it,

908
00:46:42,700 --> 00:46:46,467
to use Paul as a way
to bring in a ruling to
protect their own interests,

909
00:46:46,500 --> 00:46:48,633
for them to use
his death as an excuse

910
00:46:48,667 --> 00:46:52,067
to just try and stop people
investigating what's going on.

911
00:46:52,067 --> 00:46:53,733
Do you know your negligence

912
00:46:53,767 --> 00:46:56,600
is directly responsible
for my friend's death?

913
00:46:56,633 --> 00:46:58,833
Like, directly responsible.

914
00:46:58,867 --> 00:47:00,433
There's no other way
to cut it.

915
00:47:00,467 --> 00:47:03,100
You put an object
in the water, it washed in,

916
00:47:03,133 --> 00:47:06,067
it was there for two weeks,
and you didn't remove it.

917
00:47:06,067 --> 00:47:08,167
You pass the blame
on to other people,

918
00:47:08,200 --> 00:47:10,867
you pass the responsibility
to the lifeguards,

919
00:47:10,900 --> 00:47:13,467
to the Surf Lifesaving Club.
You didn't get it out.

920
00:47:13,500 --> 00:47:15,067
And you know, this equipment,

921
00:47:15,067 --> 00:47:16,567
when it gets washed in
and buried,

922
00:47:16,600 --> 00:47:18,667
you can't get your
Shark Control boats in there.

923
00:47:18,700 --> 00:47:20,433
And you don't go and cut them,

924
00:47:20,467 --> 00:47:22,967
like, why the hell
aren't you cutting them
and removing them?

925
00:47:23,067 --> 00:47:25,067
Why are they even there
in the first place?

926
00:47:25,067 --> 00:47:26,700
It just shows
where their intent lies,

927
00:47:26,733 --> 00:47:28,367
it shows it's not there
for protection,

928
00:47:28,400 --> 00:47:31,167
it's there
for their own intent.

929
00:47:33,533 --> 00:47:35,400
I'd love to know the response

930
00:47:35,433 --> 00:47:37,267
from the actual people
that are in the water.

931
00:47:37,300 --> 00:47:39,067
I'd love to hear
their opinions of it,

932
00:47:39,100 --> 00:47:41,600
instead of a fisherman
whose job is to go out
and kill stuff.

933
00:47:43,067 --> 00:47:44,667
But what about all the rest
of us, you know?

934
00:47:44,700 --> 00:47:46,933
We don't want marine animals

935
00:47:46,967 --> 00:47:49,267
being caught on hooks
and wrapped in nets

936
00:47:49,300 --> 00:47:51,400
off where we're surfing
and swimming.

937
00:47:51,433 --> 00:47:54,567
It's like, the person
who's doing this, like,
where's your morals?

938
00:47:54,600 --> 00:47:56,133
Like, where's your
heart in this?

939
00:47:56,167 --> 00:47:58,100
You say you're there
to protect us, but you're not.

940
00:47:58,133 --> 00:47:59,300
You're probably sitting
in an office.

941
00:47:59,333 --> 00:48:01,067
You're not the one
in the lineups,

942
00:48:01,100 --> 00:48:03,067
you're not the one
whose kid is surfing there.

943
00:48:03,067 --> 00:48:06,367
Have you even taken
into consideration
how his mum feels?

944
00:48:06,400 --> 00:48:09,467
No. She's, like,
an amazing woman
with an amazing kid.

945
00:48:09,500 --> 00:48:13,500
Like, Paul was the nicest kid
you could ever meet.

946
00:48:13,533 --> 00:48:17,400
And you took that away.
He'd be 38 today.

947
00:48:17,433 --> 00:48:20,933
And now 22 years later,
you wanna bring a rule in
that just protects yourself.

948
00:48:20,967 --> 00:48:24,400
It has no interest
in protecting anyone else.

949
00:48:24,433 --> 00:48:27,267
So it really shows
what your true colors are.

950
00:48:43,400 --> 00:48:46,100
[man 1]
A teenager is, tonight,
counting his lucky stars,

951
00:48:46,133 --> 00:48:49,400
after coming
within centimeters
of the jaws of a shark.

952
00:48:49,433 --> 00:48:53,667
He'd been surfing
off Bribie Island,
when the predator struck.

953
00:48:53,700 --> 00:48:56,067
[man 2] 18 drumlines
along Bribie Island

954
00:48:56,067 --> 00:48:58,067
keep the public
relatively safe,

955
00:48:58,100 --> 00:49:00,600
but they can't stop
every shark.

956
00:49:07,533 --> 00:49:10,367
[man 3] In Queensland,
history shows us,

957
00:49:10,400 --> 00:49:13,067
and the CSIRO
has published data,

958
00:49:13,100 --> 00:49:14,867
to show that in the 1930s,

959
00:49:14,900 --> 00:49:17,933
there were
a considerable number
of shark bite incidences

960
00:49:17,967 --> 00:49:20,900
on the Queensland coast,
including the Gold Coast.

961
00:49:20,933 --> 00:49:23,933
In the 1930s, the 1940s,
the numbers were quite high.

962
00:49:23,967 --> 00:49:27,067
And then the numbers
started dropping off
in the '50s and the '60s.

963
00:49:27,067 --> 00:49:29,533
And since then, the numbers
have remained flat.

964
00:49:29,567 --> 00:49:32,967
So the numbers
have remained flat

965
00:49:34,400 --> 00:49:37,500
from before the Shark Control
Program equipment

966
00:49:37,533 --> 00:49:40,067
has been deployed.

967
00:49:40,067 --> 00:49:43,833
And so you can't
put a causal link
between the low numbers

968
00:49:43,867 --> 00:49:46,567
and the Shark Control
Program equipment.

969
00:49:47,867 --> 00:49:51,900
[Paul] More people die from
drowning around Australia.

970
00:49:51,933 --> 00:49:56,367
So many more people die from
drowning around Australia

971
00:49:56,400 --> 00:49:57,933
than die from sharks.

972
00:50:00,000 --> 00:50:03,700
And yet, there's no
attention being brought
to the drowning problem,

973
00:50:03,733 --> 00:50:05,433
only killing of sharks.

974
00:50:09,433 --> 00:50:12,067
[Dr. Leonardo] When you look
at shark mitigation, you know,

975
00:50:12,100 --> 00:50:15,800
just because you've been doing
something for so many years,

976
00:50:15,833 --> 00:50:17,833
doesn't mean
it's the right way.

977
00:50:17,867 --> 00:50:19,400
I mean, societies have changed

978
00:50:19,433 --> 00:50:23,833
over a variety of issues
because cultures change,
perceptions change,

979
00:50:23,867 --> 00:50:25,900
technology changes,
knowledge changes.

980
00:50:25,933 --> 00:50:28,300
So when you look
at shark mitigation,

981
00:50:28,333 --> 00:50:30,867
if we use the analogy
of road safety,

982
00:50:30,900 --> 00:50:33,833
60 years ago, the road toll
was a lot higher.

983
00:50:33,867 --> 00:50:37,367
Since then,
we've gotten better
with car technology,

984
00:50:37,400 --> 00:50:40,167
ABS braking, airbags,
road education,

985
00:50:40,200 --> 00:50:42,067
people getting their licenses
has improved.

986
00:50:42,100 --> 00:50:43,800
We've improved our road laws,

987
00:50:43,833 --> 00:50:45,433
and we've reduced
the road toll.

988
00:50:45,467 --> 00:50:48,900
And guess what? We didn't
take cars off the road.

989
00:50:48,933 --> 00:50:51,233
So why would shark control
be any different?

990
00:50:51,267 --> 00:50:52,633
Why would we say,

991
00:50:52,667 --> 00:50:55,400
"No, let's stick
to what we've been doing
for the past 60 years,

992
00:50:55,433 --> 00:50:56,800
let's not move with the times,

993
00:50:56,833 --> 00:50:58,233
let's not move
with technology,

994
00:50:58,267 --> 00:50:59,867
let's not move with education,

995
00:50:59,900 --> 00:51:02,200
let's not move
with the knowledge we get,

996
00:51:02,233 --> 00:51:04,333
and still go, "Oh, yeah,
but everything's fine?"

997
00:51:05,900 --> 00:51:07,133
It does not make sense.

998
00:51:12,633 --> 00:51:15,600
[Jonathan] On our Gold Coast,
they're all for killing
animals in the ocean,

999
00:51:15,633 --> 00:51:17,100
in the name
of their tourism industry,

1000
00:51:17,133 --> 00:51:19,367
'cause they seem
to be scared down there

1001
00:51:19,400 --> 00:51:22,067
of the day when the sharks
are going to walk out

1002
00:51:22,067 --> 00:51:23,533
on their fins,

1003
00:51:23,567 --> 00:51:26,067
on the beach,
and start biting people.

1004
00:51:26,100 --> 00:51:28,600
It's more discouraging
here in Australia

1005
00:51:28,633 --> 00:51:30,367
than it is, for example,
in Indonesia.

1006
00:51:30,400 --> 00:51:31,933
In Indonesia, I work with men

1007
00:51:31,967 --> 00:51:33,967
that spend weeks offshore
killing hundreds of sharks.

1008
00:51:34,067 --> 00:51:35,600
And I have more respect
for them,

1009
00:51:35,633 --> 00:51:37,667
because they're doing that
to feed their families.

1010
00:51:37,700 --> 00:51:40,067
Whereas here, we're doing it
for a false sense of comfort.

1011
00:51:40,067 --> 00:51:42,567
We have absolutely
no right and no excuse

1012
00:51:42,600 --> 00:51:44,633
to be treating our wildlife
the way that we do,

1013
00:51:44,667 --> 00:51:47,300
other than blind ignorance
and selfishness.

1014
00:51:47,333 --> 00:51:49,067
So it's far harder to respect

1015
00:51:49,067 --> 00:51:50,733
things that are occurring
in my own country,

1016
00:51:50,767 --> 00:51:52,533
and to see it
from their perspective.

1017
00:51:52,567 --> 00:51:55,233
We react to sharks
like they're terrorists.

1018
00:51:55,267 --> 00:51:57,800
When I'm in America
and someone's been
bitten by a shark,

1019
00:51:57,833 --> 00:52:00,500
and when I lived in Hawaii,
and someone was bitten
by a shark,

1020
00:52:00,533 --> 00:52:03,067
everybody's like,
"Oh, well, he knew the risks.

1021
00:52:03,067 --> 00:52:04,967
And this is their home,
not ours."

1022
00:52:05,067 --> 00:52:07,400
But in Australia,
it's so different. It's like,

1023
00:52:07,433 --> 00:52:09,467
"We're out for blood now.
Revenge time."

1024
00:52:10,533 --> 00:52:13,133
Our biggest mistake,
being public Australians

1025
00:52:13,167 --> 00:52:15,333
that interact with these
animals every day,

1026
00:52:15,367 --> 00:52:17,633
is putting our faith
in the government
to protect us,

1027
00:52:17,667 --> 00:52:19,067
because that is not
their goal.

1028
00:52:19,100 --> 00:52:22,067
And so far, they've not been
successful with that.

1029
00:52:28,067 --> 00:52:31,167
[Bana] Sharks aren't the
only victims of the cull.

1030
00:52:31,200 --> 00:52:36,333
At some beaches,
up to 97% of animals
caught in the nets

1031
00:52:36,367 --> 00:52:38,967
are made up of other
innocent marine life.

1032
00:52:40,100 --> 00:52:45,433
Whales, dolphins,
rays, turtles.

1033
00:52:46,733 --> 00:52:49,967
Animals that are loved
all around the world.

1034
00:52:51,200 --> 00:52:54,733
Animals that are on the
endangered species list.

1035
00:52:56,067 --> 00:52:59,867
Animals that are supposed
to be protected in our waters.

1036
00:53:09,967 --> 00:53:13,400
Shark culling has many
destructive, unintended
consequences

1037
00:53:13,433 --> 00:53:15,500
and it's mostly coming
from by-catch.

1038
00:53:15,533 --> 00:53:18,233
Um, whales, dolphins,
turtles, rays,

1039
00:53:18,267 --> 00:53:20,733
and all of these animals
are incredibly vital

1040
00:53:20,767 --> 00:53:22,100
to these ocean ecosystems

1041
00:53:22,133 --> 00:53:24,600
that are already
under so much stress.

1042
00:53:24,633 --> 00:53:26,633
[Madison]
So the very first time
I went out to the shark nets

1043
00:53:26,667 --> 00:53:28,567
was on this dodgy little
dinghy with a friend of mine

1044
00:53:28,600 --> 00:53:31,067
in really rough weather,
and I saw
three dead stingrays,

1045
00:53:31,100 --> 00:53:33,533
and it was just
this huge wake-up call of,

1046
00:53:33,567 --> 00:53:34,967
how on earth
is this happening

1047
00:53:35,067 --> 00:53:36,067
and how are people
ignoring it?

1048
00:53:36,100 --> 00:53:38,267
I think that the whales
being caught

1049
00:53:38,300 --> 00:53:41,167
is probably the only thing
that really makes the public
look at them and think,

1050
00:53:41,200 --> 00:53:42,867
"Oh, wow, that's terrible."

1051
00:53:42,900 --> 00:53:44,667
And since then,
I've had the opportunity

1052
00:53:44,700 --> 00:53:46,333
to go out there and see
the damage they're doing

1053
00:53:46,367 --> 00:53:47,733
off our coastline a lot more.

1054
00:53:47,767 --> 00:53:50,233
So it's been one
of the hardest things

1055
00:53:50,267 --> 00:53:52,933
that I've ever had to come up
against in conservation
as well,

1056
00:53:52,967 --> 00:53:56,800
because you're dealing
with something people think
protects them.

1057
00:53:56,833 --> 00:53:59,300
If you could see
all the other stuff
caught in them,

1058
00:53:59,333 --> 00:54:00,267
it's insane.

1059
00:55:04,200 --> 00:55:07,500
[groaning]

1060
00:56:02,600 --> 00:56:09,367
[squeaking and grunting]

1061
00:56:32,167 --> 00:56:36,833
[squeaking and grunting
continue]

1062
00:57:44,067 --> 00:57:46,800
[Holly] The day that I found
a humpback whale

1063
00:57:46,833 --> 00:57:48,367
caught in a shark net

1064
00:57:48,400 --> 00:57:52,900
was possibly one
of the worst days of my life.

1065
00:57:52,933 --> 00:57:56,900
To see this animal
that we see on our coastlines,

1066
00:57:56,933 --> 00:57:59,600
breaching and slapping
and playing,

1067
00:57:59,633 --> 00:58:03,300
and to see one
physically wrapped in a net

1068
00:58:03,333 --> 00:58:05,600
in just silence there, um,

1069
00:58:05,633 --> 00:58:08,100
doing a behavior
that obviously
I've never seen before,

1070
00:58:08,133 --> 00:58:09,167
it was just,

1071
00:58:09,200 --> 00:58:11,400
it was hopeless,
and it was just sitting there,

1072
00:58:11,433 --> 00:58:13,567
um, just able to breathe
on the surface.

1073
00:58:13,600 --> 00:58:15,933
So getting in the water
with that whale

1074
00:58:15,967 --> 00:58:18,600
was the first time
I've ever swam with a whale.

1075
00:58:18,633 --> 00:58:21,367
And it was just still,

1076
00:58:21,400 --> 00:58:24,200
and it would just
come up for breaths
every now and then.

1077
00:58:24,233 --> 00:58:28,467
And I remember
the rope just being

1078
00:58:28,500 --> 00:58:31,633
entangled around its face,
rubbing on its eye,

1079
00:58:31,667 --> 00:58:34,167
and there was nothing
I could have done.

1080
00:58:34,200 --> 00:58:35,933
It was physically exhausted.

1081
00:58:35,967 --> 00:58:38,933
You could see,
along the dorsal fin,
along the spine,

1082
00:58:38,967 --> 00:58:40,967
it was cut in, bleeding.

1083
00:58:41,067 --> 00:58:43,300
And just looking
at its face as well,

1084
00:58:43,333 --> 00:58:46,533
just being completely
entangled in that net,
was really horrible to see.

1085
00:58:46,567 --> 00:58:48,067
And it was one
of those moments

1086
00:58:48,067 --> 00:58:50,500
where you wanted
to get closer
to look at it more,

1087
00:58:50,533 --> 00:58:53,333
but at the same time,
this animal is
highly stressed.

1088
00:59:00,067 --> 00:59:02,500
Humpback whales will migrate
past this coastline

1089
00:59:02,533 --> 00:59:03,767
every year during winter.

1090
00:59:03,800 --> 00:59:06,067
And they basically will go up

1091
00:59:06,067 --> 00:59:07,433
to the Northern Great
Barrier Reef,

1092
00:59:07,467 --> 00:59:09,833
give birth to their young
and migrate down south,

1093
00:59:09,867 --> 00:59:13,167
and they're doing this
on a limited budget of energy.

1094
00:59:13,200 --> 00:59:15,233
So there's no food sources

1095
00:59:15,267 --> 00:59:17,200
along this coastline
for these guys.

1096
00:59:17,233 --> 00:59:18,967
And it's very important
for them

1097
00:59:19,067 --> 00:59:20,667
to use their energy wisely

1098
00:59:20,700 --> 00:59:22,933
and if they are
entangled in a net,

1099
00:59:22,967 --> 00:59:26,367
that takes a lot of energy,
a lot of stress.

1100
00:59:26,400 --> 00:59:30,533
We never found our target
species in the shark nets.

1101
00:59:30,567 --> 00:59:32,600
And the rest
were all by-catch.

1102
00:59:32,633 --> 00:59:34,200
That takes a toll on you
as well,

1103
00:59:34,233 --> 00:59:37,567
because you're in the water
filming these animals.

1104
00:59:37,600 --> 00:59:39,500
We're mentally prepared
for the by-catch,

1105
00:59:39,533 --> 00:59:42,267
but nowhere near as much
as what we actually found.

1106
00:59:42,300 --> 00:59:45,367
So that was something
that really sort of hit home,

1107
00:59:45,400 --> 00:59:49,533
is realizing that
we were finding animals

1108
00:59:49,567 --> 00:59:52,167
that we didn't think
that we would find.

1109
00:59:52,200 --> 00:59:57,667
I've had the experience
of listening to the
footage afterwards

1110
00:59:57,700 --> 00:59:59,567
where I've, uh,

1111
00:59:59,600 --> 01:00:01,867
I've been the captain
on the boat.

1112
01:00:01,900 --> 01:00:03,600
I was managing the operation.

1113
01:00:03,633 --> 01:00:07,833
I have this dedicated crew
of people who,

1114
01:00:07,867 --> 01:00:09,333
by the nature
of what we're doing,

1115
01:00:09,367 --> 01:00:12,600
these are people
who care deeply
about everything that we do

1116
01:00:12,633 --> 01:00:15,767
and about every one
of those individual animals.

1117
01:00:15,800 --> 01:00:17,867
And, um...

1118
01:00:17,900 --> 01:00:22,367
I've had to listen
to the responses of my divers.

1119
01:00:24,367 --> 01:00:29,533
[diver crying]

1120
01:01:04,067 --> 01:01:05,333
When I look
at that footage afterwards,

1121
01:01:05,367 --> 01:01:07,767
I might not know
what's going on underwater,

1122
01:01:08,633 --> 01:01:10,800
except for what I'm told.

1123
01:01:10,833 --> 01:01:16,433
But when I listen to a diver
crying underwater, um...

1124
01:01:16,467 --> 01:01:20,433
When I listened to a diver
spontaneously apologize

1125
01:01:20,467 --> 01:01:23,433
to the animals under there,

1126
01:01:23,467 --> 01:01:25,067
it gets me

1127
01:01:25,067 --> 01:01:28,633
when I'm sitting there
in my living room,
watching it on a computer,

1128
01:01:28,667 --> 01:01:30,167
to try and get
that message out.

1129
01:01:30,200 --> 01:01:33,700
How do we do that,
uh, effectively?

1130
01:01:33,733 --> 01:01:37,600
Uh, and how do I
look after my crew

1131
01:01:37,633 --> 01:01:39,833
when we're doing that?

1132
01:01:39,867 --> 01:01:41,367
And we're not just
doing it once.

1133
01:01:41,400 --> 01:01:44,767
We're doing it again
and again and again.

1134
01:02:05,900 --> 01:02:07,967
[Bana] By baiting and trapping
marine animals

1135
01:02:08,067 --> 01:02:10,300
with only
intermittent checking,

1136
01:02:10,333 --> 01:02:11,733
nets and drumlines

1137
01:02:11,767 --> 01:02:14,433
are creating
a floating seafood buffet

1138
01:02:14,467 --> 01:02:16,200
for our apex predators.

1139
01:02:17,433 --> 01:02:20,367
There's evidence to show
that because of this,

1140
01:02:20,400 --> 01:02:24,467
these measures are luring
large sharks closer to shore

1141
01:02:24,500 --> 01:02:26,333
for an easy meal.

1142
01:02:26,367 --> 01:02:28,067
Given the proven
ineffectiveness

1143
01:02:28,067 --> 01:02:29,133
of these measures

1144
01:02:29,167 --> 01:02:30,500
in the first place,

1145
01:02:30,533 --> 01:02:33,733
logic tells us
that we have to question

1146
01:02:33,767 --> 01:02:37,433
how safe
this is really keeping us.

1147
01:02:37,467 --> 01:02:40,600
There's always a bigger,
hungrier fish out there.

1148
01:02:41,900 --> 01:02:44,700
Do we really want to be
enticing them to our beaches?

1149
01:02:50,567 --> 01:02:52,067
[Holly] Through our findings,
we found animals

1150
01:02:52,067 --> 01:02:54,067
that were there
for more than a week,

1151
01:02:54,100 --> 01:02:56,633
that had fully started
to decompose.

1152
01:02:56,667 --> 01:03:00,500
The chemicals and the smells
are leeching into the water

1153
01:03:00,533 --> 01:03:01,800
from the entanglements,

1154
01:03:01,833 --> 01:03:04,733
and same goes
for the baited drumlines.

1155
01:03:04,767 --> 01:03:06,933
You're gonna be luring sharks
closer to shore.

1156
01:03:08,933 --> 01:03:12,267
[man] So let's go back
to putting baited hooks

1157
01:03:12,300 --> 01:03:15,333
just off the surf break,
just off the swimming beaches.

1158
01:03:15,367 --> 01:03:17,333
Does that actually make sense?

1159
01:03:18,300 --> 01:03:20,333
[Paul] I've actually worked
with the DPI

1160
01:03:20,367 --> 01:03:22,967
in New South Wales
on their SMART drumlines

1161
01:03:23,067 --> 01:03:24,700
for a very brief period
of time.

1162
01:03:24,733 --> 01:03:27,533
And these drumlines
are attracting sharks in.

1163
01:03:27,567 --> 01:03:29,300
Now, they said they wouldn't,

1164
01:03:29,333 --> 01:03:31,067
but when I was
out there on the boat,

1165
01:03:31,100 --> 01:03:35,500
we caught two great whites
on the same hook

1166
01:03:35,533 --> 01:03:37,733
within a matter of minutes.

1167
01:03:37,767 --> 01:03:41,433
And this was half a kilometer
from a popular swimming beach.

1168
01:03:41,467 --> 01:03:42,967
So what does that tell you

1169
01:03:43,067 --> 01:03:45,867
about what these drumlines
are attracting

1170
01:03:45,900 --> 01:03:47,133
to their baited hooks?

1171
01:03:48,267 --> 01:03:50,867
[Holly] Not only is it
the deceased animals

1172
01:03:50,900 --> 01:03:52,800
that are luring sharks
close to shore.

1173
01:03:52,833 --> 01:03:56,367
The stressed animals,
sharks can sense that.

1174
01:03:56,400 --> 01:03:58,667
They can sense
the vibrations and pulses

1175
01:03:58,700 --> 01:04:01,567
through their sensory system,
that there is an animal
in distress

1176
01:04:01,600 --> 01:04:03,567
that could potentially
be a prey item.

1177
01:04:03,600 --> 01:04:05,567
So if it's dead or alive,

1178
01:04:05,600 --> 01:04:07,600
any animal
caught in a shark net,

1179
01:04:07,633 --> 01:04:09,333
a shark passing by

1180
01:04:09,367 --> 01:04:11,433
is most likely
going to come over

1181
01:04:11,467 --> 01:04:13,900
and be curious
about what's in this net.

1182
01:04:18,167 --> 01:04:21,133
And through the entanglement
that I witnessed at Noosa
the other day,

1183
01:04:21,167 --> 01:04:23,167
those beaches are not cleared.

1184
01:04:23,200 --> 01:04:24,300
Now I'll tell you,
at Noosa,

1185
01:04:24,333 --> 01:04:26,567
we know that there was
a large shark under that net.

1186
01:04:26,600 --> 01:04:28,233
And of course,

1187
01:04:28,267 --> 01:04:31,833
an injured, stressed animal
is going to be an attractant
for that predator.

1188
01:04:31,867 --> 01:04:35,067
Was the beach cleared?
No, it wasn't.

1189
01:04:35,067 --> 01:04:38,200
When that wire was left
at Bilinga Beach,

1190
01:04:38,233 --> 01:04:41,200
on the sea floor
after it died,
were the beaches cleared?

1191
01:04:41,233 --> 01:04:44,133
Was there an education program
put in place?

1192
01:04:44,167 --> 01:04:44,967
No, there wasn't.

1193
01:04:59,100 --> 01:05:01,500
Uh, there was one particular
time where we found

1194
01:05:01,533 --> 01:05:03,833
a shovelnose ray
caught in the bottom

1195
01:05:03,867 --> 01:05:06,700
of the Surfers Paradise net
on the Gold Coast.

1196
01:05:06,733 --> 01:05:10,767
And this ray had humongous
bite marks out of it.

1197
01:05:10,800 --> 01:05:14,567
So this large shovelnose ray
was about two to three meters.

1198
01:05:14,600 --> 01:05:17,833
We checked all the nets
on the Gold Coast that day

1199
01:05:17,867 --> 01:05:20,967
and there was no shark
in any of the shark nets,

1200
01:05:21,067 --> 01:05:22,967
and that raises the question

1201
01:05:23,067 --> 01:05:25,567
that this animal
was caught in this net,

1202
01:05:25,600 --> 01:05:29,533
the shark had managed
to maneuver around the net

1203
01:05:29,567 --> 01:05:31,267
without becoming
entangled in it.

1204
01:05:33,133 --> 01:05:36,467
[man] A monster shark
measuring more than
five meters

1205
01:05:36,500 --> 01:05:39,067
is lurking
off North Stradbroke Island.

1206
01:05:39,067 --> 01:05:40,933
The Bligh government's
released photos

1207
01:05:40,967 --> 01:05:43,967
showing how it mauled
another large white pointer.

1208
01:05:44,967 --> 01:05:47,067
[woman] Like a bit of bait
on a hook,

1209
01:05:47,067 --> 01:05:48,733
the predator,
which became a meal

1210
01:05:48,767 --> 01:05:50,167
for an even bigger shark,

1211
01:05:50,200 --> 01:05:52,067
after being caught
on a drumline

1212
01:05:52,067 --> 01:05:54,267
about half an hour
from where Sarah Whiley

1213
01:05:54,300 --> 01:05:56,067
was killed by a shark
at Amity,

1214
01:05:56,067 --> 01:05:57,867
the state government's
take on it

1215
01:05:57,900 --> 01:06:01,500
is that we should be happy
the Shark Control Program's
doing its job,

1216
01:06:01,533 --> 01:06:04,233
catching the smaller shark
in the first place.

1217
01:06:04,267 --> 01:06:07,067
But what about the monster
which feasted on it?

1218
01:06:12,500 --> 01:06:16,900
When you tell people
that an area is safer,

1219
01:06:16,933 --> 01:06:19,733
when you haven't indeed
made it safer,

1220
01:06:19,767 --> 01:06:22,767
that leads human beings
to make decisions,

1221
01:06:22,800 --> 01:06:25,933
to do things
they feel confident
there's less risk in,

1222
01:06:25,967 --> 01:06:27,767
and there may be more risk.

1223
01:06:27,800 --> 01:06:30,067
It leads people
to take extra risk.

1224
01:06:39,100 --> 01:06:41,900
I learned to surf
just there, at Manly Beach,

1225
01:06:41,933 --> 01:06:44,067
right there
in the southern corner
in front of the surf club.

1226
01:06:44,100 --> 01:06:46,067
My dad was a clubbie
at Manly Surf Club.

1227
01:06:46,067 --> 01:06:48,600
My older brother Jason
is a surfer.

1228
01:06:48,633 --> 01:06:50,800
Any girl that grows up
with an older brother surfing,

1229
01:06:50,833 --> 01:06:52,233
they wanna do it
with them, too.

1230
01:06:52,267 --> 01:06:54,967
I can honestly say
I do it a little bit better
than my brother.

1231
01:06:59,067 --> 01:07:02,133
[Tom]
So the ocean is kind of
like a spiritual home for me.

1232
01:07:02,167 --> 01:07:06,167
My mother gave me a surfboard
just before she passed away.

1233
01:07:06,200 --> 01:07:09,367
So in essence, that surfboard
took me into the ocean,

1234
01:07:09,400 --> 01:07:12,367
so the ocean has been
kind of holding me

1235
01:07:12,400 --> 01:07:14,633
and the surfboard's been
holding me since,

1236
01:07:14,667 --> 01:07:16,600
in a way, that, um...

1237
01:07:16,633 --> 01:07:18,767
Yeah, I don't know.
It's hard to explain it.

1238
01:07:20,233 --> 01:07:21,700
It's definitely
an on-the-moment thing,

1239
01:07:21,733 --> 01:07:23,233
that the ocean just tells us

1240
01:07:23,267 --> 01:07:25,333
how to actually
be really present with her.

1241
01:07:25,367 --> 01:07:27,900
And I think that's why
I kind of go back to her,

1242
01:07:27,933 --> 01:07:32,067
because she just absolutely
demands all my attention.

1243
01:07:34,667 --> 01:07:37,067
[Layne] When I'm out here
at Freshwater, for example,

1244
01:07:37,067 --> 01:07:39,400
and I talk to local surfers,
and I ask them,

1245
01:07:39,433 --> 01:07:41,367
"What's your position
on sharks

1246
01:07:41,400 --> 01:07:42,867
and shark mitigation,"

1247
01:07:42,900 --> 01:07:44,533
one of them said to me today,

1248
01:07:44,567 --> 01:07:47,100
"See no evil, hear no evil,
speak no evil."

1249
01:07:49,567 --> 01:07:51,200
I'm seven times
world champion surfer

1250
01:07:51,233 --> 01:07:52,833
and chair
of Surfing Australia,

1251
01:07:52,867 --> 01:07:55,467
and I completely understand

1252
01:07:55,500 --> 01:07:57,400
that the minute
I immerse myself in the water,

1253
01:07:57,433 --> 01:08:01,067
I'm immersing myself
into their environment,
their domain,

1254
01:08:01,067 --> 01:08:04,167
and you have to accept
that they're a predator.

1255
01:08:04,200 --> 01:08:08,800
I feel that that mentality
is widely respected

1256
01:08:08,833 --> 01:08:10,233
around the world
in most surfers.

1257
01:08:10,267 --> 01:08:12,733
I can't speak
on behalf of every surfer,

1258
01:08:12,767 --> 01:08:16,100
but I know from
my individual perspective,

1259
01:08:16,133 --> 01:08:18,333
I recognize that there is
an inherent risk

1260
01:08:18,367 --> 01:08:19,867
every time I enter the water.

1261
01:08:19,900 --> 01:08:22,067
I do what I can
to mitigate that risk,

1262
01:08:22,067 --> 01:08:24,533
but I'm also willing
to take that risk.

1263
01:08:32,067 --> 01:08:33,900
My desire to surf
is unwavering,

1264
01:08:33,933 --> 01:08:35,767
irrespective of whether
there's nets there or not.

1265
01:08:35,800 --> 01:08:38,133
Having traveled the world
as a professional surfer,

1266
01:08:38,167 --> 01:08:40,067
I've surfed
in countless oceans

1267
01:08:40,067 --> 01:08:42,800
and countless surf spots
where I know there aren't nets

1268
01:08:42,833 --> 01:08:45,133
and that has never affected
my choice to go surfing

1269
01:08:45,167 --> 01:08:47,233
or my decision to go surfing.

1270
01:08:47,267 --> 01:08:50,633
[Tom] I take personal
responsibility anytime.

1271
01:08:50,667 --> 01:08:52,567
I think that's our...

1272
01:08:52,600 --> 01:08:55,233
I hope that's our culture
here in Australia, you know.

1273
01:08:55,267 --> 01:08:59,067
I hope to think
every Australian
can think like this.

1274
01:09:01,333 --> 01:09:03,133
To be honest,
I've been surfing

1275
01:09:03,167 --> 01:09:04,933
for, what, 51 years now.

1276
01:09:04,967 --> 01:09:07,567
And while surfing,
I may have seen...

1277
01:09:10,233 --> 01:09:11,600
five sharks.

1278
01:09:11,633 --> 01:09:14,367
Not just surfing part-time.
[laughs]

1279
01:09:14,400 --> 01:09:15,900
That's surfing a lot.

1280
01:09:15,933 --> 01:09:18,200
In remote areas
around this country

1281
01:09:18,233 --> 01:09:20,067
where you're gonna see sharks.

1282
01:09:21,267 --> 01:09:22,333
When we look at the shark,

1283
01:09:22,367 --> 01:09:25,067
which has been around here
for millions of years,

1284
01:09:25,067 --> 01:09:27,100
it's literally a dinosaur,

1285
01:09:27,133 --> 01:09:31,133
it may appear to us to be
a really dangerous creature

1286
01:09:31,167 --> 01:09:33,167
and bring up a lot of fear.

1287
01:09:34,667 --> 01:09:37,067
I've had first-hand
experience with that.

1288
01:09:37,067 --> 01:09:39,400
I looked him straight
in the eye. Big sharks.

1289
01:09:39,433 --> 01:09:44,433
And they've had, uh, a kind
of response to me like,

1290
01:09:44,467 --> 01:09:46,800
"Hmm, that person's
a predator, too."

1291
01:09:53,233 --> 01:09:58,267
[Layne]
There's a very low chance
of being bitten by a shark.

1292
01:09:58,300 --> 01:10:01,133
Like, the chances
are very slim, very slender.

1293
01:10:01,167 --> 01:10:03,467
You have a higher incidence
of being hit by a car

1294
01:10:03,500 --> 01:10:06,000
or stung by a bee
and dying from that

1295
01:10:06,033 --> 01:10:08,300
than you do a shark attack.

1296
01:10:08,333 --> 01:10:10,967
I'm a believer and an advocate
for coexisting.

1297
01:10:11,000 --> 01:10:13,567
Uh, we know, as ocean lovers,

1298
01:10:13,600 --> 01:10:15,200
that once we immerse
ourselves in the ocean,

1299
01:10:15,233 --> 01:10:16,633
we're going
into a shark domain,

1300
01:10:16,667 --> 01:10:20,667
and we have to recognize
that that is one of the risks

1301
01:10:20,700 --> 01:10:23,133
that we're willing to accept.

1302
01:10:26,533 --> 01:10:28,333
Given we know
what we know today,

1303
01:10:28,367 --> 01:10:30,633
it is absolutely archaic

1304
01:10:30,667 --> 01:10:32,833
that we're relying
on a program

1305
01:10:32,867 --> 01:10:34,700
that was devised in 1930.

1306
01:10:34,733 --> 01:10:36,833
When I think
about culling programs,

1307
01:10:36,867 --> 01:10:39,267
I just think it must come
from a lack of education

1308
01:10:39,300 --> 01:10:41,067
and a cultural belief.

1309
01:10:41,100 --> 01:10:43,467
So if you really wanna
truly educate yourself,

1310
01:10:43,500 --> 01:10:45,067
get off your board
and dive underneath

1311
01:10:45,100 --> 01:10:46,900
and spend some time
on the bottom.

1312
01:10:49,167 --> 01:10:50,567
[Tom] We're
sophisticating ourselves

1313
01:10:50,600 --> 01:10:51,967
in so many areas now.

1314
01:10:52,000 --> 01:10:53,667
We've got a lot
of great technologies

1315
01:10:53,700 --> 01:10:56,267
and they just
keep on evolving.

1316
01:10:56,300 --> 01:10:58,500
We've got to tap into that,

1317
01:10:58,533 --> 01:11:02,933
and so we can live with nature
because we are nature.

1318
01:11:02,967 --> 01:11:04,533
If we can use technology

1319
01:11:04,567 --> 01:11:07,100
to actually create
that scenario,

1320
01:11:07,133 --> 01:11:08,633
I think that's ideal.

1321
01:11:11,067 --> 01:11:14,067
[water splashing]

1322
01:11:14,067 --> 01:11:15,667
I think New South Wales,

1323
01:11:15,700 --> 01:11:18,067
the shark management
program here

1324
01:11:18,100 --> 01:11:19,567
and the shark
management strategy

1325
01:11:19,600 --> 01:11:22,067
is in very much
a transition phase.

1326
01:11:22,067 --> 01:11:24,133
And it has been
for probably a decade now,

1327
01:11:24,167 --> 01:11:26,833
where it's moving away
from lethal controls

1328
01:11:26,867 --> 01:11:29,700
like shark nets
and lethal drumlines.

1329
01:11:29,733 --> 01:11:32,767
So SMART drumlines have been
used for a few years down here

1330
01:11:32,800 --> 01:11:34,300
in New South Wales.

1331
01:11:34,333 --> 01:11:35,633
A SMART drumline
is very similar

1332
01:11:35,667 --> 01:11:36,867
to a traditional drumline.

1333
01:11:36,900 --> 01:11:39,867
It's a baited hook
on a floating buoy

1334
01:11:39,900 --> 01:11:41,833
about 500 meters off shore.

1335
01:11:41,867 --> 01:11:44,267
The differences is that
this has a GPS transceiver

1336
01:11:44,300 --> 01:11:45,833
that sends a message
to a satellite

1337
01:11:45,867 --> 01:11:47,233
once an animal is hooked,

1338
01:11:47,267 --> 01:11:49,700
that sends another message
down to the contractor,

1339
01:11:49,733 --> 01:11:51,067
who can race out there,

1340
01:11:51,067 --> 01:11:53,367
uh, preferably or hopefully
within about 30 minutes

1341
01:11:53,400 --> 01:11:54,833
of an animal being caught.

1342
01:11:54,867 --> 01:11:57,133
Um, if it's a
non-target animal,

1343
01:11:57,167 --> 01:12:00,067
it's released
on the spot immediately.

1344
01:12:00,100 --> 01:12:01,733
And if it is a target shark,

1345
01:12:01,767 --> 01:12:03,633
um, it can be tagged
and relocated.

1346
01:12:04,800 --> 01:12:07,767
So there's a smartphone app
along with Shark Smart

1347
01:12:07,800 --> 01:12:10,233
that will send people
a message, who have the app,

1348
01:12:10,267 --> 01:12:13,800
when a tagged shark
comes within the vicinity
of a listening station.

1349
01:12:13,833 --> 01:12:15,967
What it does is
it's changing attitudes.

1350
01:12:16,067 --> 01:12:18,333
It's allowing people
the option,

1351
01:12:18,367 --> 01:12:20,933
who want to choose a place
to bring their family,

1352
01:12:20,967 --> 01:12:22,800
or for them
to enjoy the ocean,

1353
01:12:22,833 --> 01:12:24,767
it allows them
to look on their phone,

1354
01:12:24,800 --> 01:12:26,967
see if there's a shark
sighted in that area,

1355
01:12:27,067 --> 01:12:29,400
and it allows them to make
that decision independently

1356
01:12:29,433 --> 01:12:31,900
and bring some of that
responsibility home.

1357
01:12:31,933 --> 01:12:33,067
And I think that change
of attitude

1358
01:12:33,067 --> 01:12:34,800
is very, very important
for us to start

1359
01:12:34,833 --> 01:12:37,100
not relying so much
on the government

1360
01:12:37,133 --> 01:12:39,933
making decisions for us,
but providing information

1361
01:12:39,967 --> 01:12:43,300
so that we can make those
informed decisions on our own.

1362
01:12:43,333 --> 01:12:46,367
We are still concerned about
animal welfare of sharks

1363
01:12:46,400 --> 01:12:48,667
and other animals being caught
on the SMART drumlines

1364
01:12:48,700 --> 01:12:51,100
and how healthy they are
once they're released.

1365
01:12:54,400 --> 01:12:56,567
[Madison] We're not the only
country with this issue.

1366
01:12:56,600 --> 01:12:58,333
There are countries
all around the world

1367
01:12:58,367 --> 01:13:00,500
that are tackling
it differently.

1368
01:13:00,533 --> 01:13:02,200
And when you look
at those systems,

1369
01:13:02,233 --> 01:13:05,267
it's insane to think
that we haven't started
doing that here yet.

1370
01:13:05,300 --> 01:13:07,967
There are systems getting
worked on in Australia

1371
01:13:08,067 --> 01:13:10,067
and all around the world
to protect people

1372
01:13:10,067 --> 01:13:12,433
against this very issue
of shark attacks,

1373
01:13:12,467 --> 01:13:14,967
and some of them
are far more effective,

1374
01:13:15,067 --> 01:13:16,300
provenly effective

1375
01:13:16,333 --> 01:13:18,067
than what we have here
right now.

1376
01:13:22,967 --> 01:13:24,867
[Bana] Right here
in Australia,

1377
01:13:24,900 --> 01:13:27,267
and in other places
around the world,

1378
01:13:27,300 --> 01:13:29,833
we are developing
less destructive

1379
01:13:29,867 --> 01:13:31,867
and more effective technology

1380
01:13:31,900 --> 01:13:35,267
to protect us
while enjoying our oceans.

1381
01:13:35,300 --> 01:13:38,100
Solutions that actually
protect people

1382
01:13:38,133 --> 01:13:41,067
and have no unintended
side effects,

1383
01:13:41,067 --> 01:13:44,400
establishing a safer future
for both humans

1384
01:13:44,433 --> 01:13:46,400
and sharks to coexist.

1385
01:13:56,067 --> 01:13:58,267
So we started out
very early on

1386
01:13:58,300 --> 01:14:00,867
in a lot of the New South
Wales Government trials,

1387
01:14:00,900 --> 01:14:03,500
and just seeing if drones
could actually be used

1388
01:14:03,533 --> 01:14:07,133
to spot sharks
and how we could
use that for mitigation.

1389
01:14:07,167 --> 01:14:09,967
So from very early phases
through to working out,

1390
01:14:10,067 --> 01:14:11,333
like, if it could be used

1391
01:14:11,367 --> 01:14:14,300
to developing standard
operating procedures,
at what heights,

1392
01:14:14,333 --> 01:14:16,233
um, and what we could
actually see,

1393
01:14:16,267 --> 01:14:18,700
then we've sort of developed
with that program.

1394
01:14:18,733 --> 01:14:23,333
Lifeguards literally have them
on the beach now as a tool,

1395
01:14:23,367 --> 01:14:25,267
so helping develop
their training packages

1396
01:14:25,300 --> 01:14:26,467
and their procedures
in there as well.

1397
01:14:28,967 --> 01:14:30,767
Just after a few months
of starting,

1398
01:14:30,800 --> 01:14:32,600
I noticed, starting
to read comments online

1399
01:14:32,633 --> 01:14:34,133
like, "Oh, we should to go
to this beach.

1400
01:14:34,167 --> 01:14:37,267
They have drone shark
surveillance and lifeguards."

1401
01:14:37,300 --> 01:14:39,433
There's definitely
different technologies
that are coming along.

1402
01:14:39,467 --> 01:14:41,467
There's a few different
companies working with it.

1403
01:14:41,500 --> 01:14:43,533
Australia is definitely
leading the way in this.

1404
01:14:43,567 --> 01:14:45,767
I think drone
technology is here.

1405
01:14:45,800 --> 01:14:47,933
Like right now,
let's just use it.

1406
01:14:56,367 --> 01:14:58,067
Look, the way
the technology works

1407
01:14:58,067 --> 01:15:00,467
is actually
ridiculously simple.

1408
01:15:00,500 --> 01:15:03,967
Um, sharks
have the same senses
that we have to find food.

1409
01:15:04,067 --> 01:15:05,933
So sight, sound, and smell,

1410
01:15:05,967 --> 01:15:09,067
but they also have
these little electrical
receptors in their snout

1411
01:15:09,067 --> 01:15:10,667
called Ampullae of Lorenzini,

1412
01:15:10,700 --> 01:15:12,067
they're little
gel-filled sacs.

1413
01:15:12,100 --> 01:15:15,333
Now every living creature
gives off an electric field.

1414
01:15:15,367 --> 01:15:18,333
And so you might see
in a nature video

1415
01:15:18,367 --> 01:15:20,867
a stingray swimming
along the sandy bottom

1416
01:15:20,900 --> 01:15:22,667
and then digging down
and finding a crab.

1417
01:15:22,700 --> 01:15:24,233
They found that crab

1418
01:15:24,267 --> 01:15:26,300
because of the electrical
field coming off the crab.

1419
01:15:26,333 --> 01:15:28,600
So you can see how sensitive
these things are.

1420
01:15:28,633 --> 01:15:31,767
And so what you do
is you get two electrodes,

1421
01:15:31,800 --> 01:15:33,800
you run a current
between the two electrodes,

1422
01:15:33,833 --> 01:15:35,933
and it creates
an electrical field

1423
01:15:35,967 --> 01:15:38,067
that's thousands
of times stronger

1424
01:15:38,067 --> 01:15:40,800
than what the shark
would expect to experience.

1425
01:15:40,833 --> 01:15:42,467
The shark comes near it,

1426
01:15:42,500 --> 01:15:45,200
causes the gel-filled sacs
to spasm, turns away.

1427
01:15:45,233 --> 01:15:47,267
Exactly the same
as if I shine a bright light

1428
01:15:47,300 --> 01:15:49,933
in your face, in your eyes,
you would just take turn away.

1429
01:15:49,967 --> 01:15:51,667
The eyes are over sensitized.

1430
01:15:51,700 --> 01:15:54,533
So it doesn't harm the shark.
The shark can leave the area.

1431
01:15:54,567 --> 01:15:56,600
So the University
of Western Australia,

1432
01:15:56,633 --> 01:16:00,067
what they did is they got
the diving product.

1433
01:16:00,067 --> 01:16:03,233
They put a bait canister
on the device,

1434
01:16:03,267 --> 01:16:04,800
they took it to South Africa,

1435
01:16:04,833 --> 01:16:08,267
they had 322 interactions
with the bait.

1436
01:16:08,300 --> 01:16:10,833
43 different
great white sharks,

1437
01:16:10,867 --> 01:16:13,700
and only one shark
bumped the bait

1438
01:16:13,733 --> 01:16:14,767
when it was on.

1439
01:16:14,800 --> 01:16:16,133
When it was turned off,
the sharks would come in

1440
01:16:16,167 --> 01:16:17,800
and bite the bait
all the time.

1441
01:16:17,833 --> 01:16:20,133
So, amazingly successful.

1442
01:16:22,700 --> 01:16:23,900
So the diving product

1443
01:16:23,933 --> 01:16:25,467
is the one that's
been around the longest.

1444
01:16:25,500 --> 01:16:27,467
It was developed in the '90s.

1445
01:16:27,500 --> 01:16:30,500
The surfboard product
is on generation number two,

1446
01:16:30,533 --> 01:16:33,900
and it's been around
for quite a while as well now.

1447
01:16:34,967 --> 01:16:36,567
[Juan] For me,
as a surfer,

1448
01:16:36,600 --> 01:16:38,633
I would utilize
every type of device

1449
01:16:38,667 --> 01:16:41,400
that I could
to make it safer for me.

1450
01:16:41,433 --> 01:16:42,833
When you're going
to extreme areas

1451
01:16:42,867 --> 01:16:45,533
where you know there
is predators, uh,

1452
01:16:45,567 --> 01:16:49,367
hunting in that area,
it's use what you can.

1453
01:17:01,300 --> 01:17:03,600
[Dr. Sara Andreotti]
The Shark Safe Barrier
is a new technology

1454
01:17:03,633 --> 01:17:06,600
that is designed
to simply keep large sharks

1455
01:17:06,633 --> 01:17:08,633
separated from people.

1456
01:17:08,667 --> 01:17:10,567
We've been observing
white sharks

1457
01:17:10,600 --> 01:17:13,100
hunting around
thick forest of kelp

1458
01:17:13,133 --> 01:17:15,733
for quite a while in Gansbaai
in South Africa,

1459
01:17:15,767 --> 01:17:18,933
and Cape fur seals
are actually utilizing

1460
01:17:18,967 --> 01:17:23,300
the thick kelp to hide
from shark's predation.

1461
01:17:23,333 --> 01:17:26,767
The Shark Safe Barrier
comes from the combination

1462
01:17:26,800 --> 01:17:29,700
of two very well-known
shark deterrents.

1463
01:17:29,733 --> 01:17:33,800
One is the visual appearance
of a thick forest of kelp

1464
01:17:33,833 --> 01:17:38,667
that have been proved
to be avoided by large sharks.

1465
01:17:38,700 --> 01:17:41,500
We suspect that is
because they want to prevent

1466
01:17:41,533 --> 01:17:45,500
getting entangled in,
uh, thick forest of kelp.

1467
01:17:45,533 --> 01:17:47,067
So by presenting the shark

1468
01:17:47,067 --> 01:17:50,167
with something that they
naturally recognize
as a barrier

1469
01:17:50,200 --> 01:17:51,400
is a big plus.

1470
01:17:51,433 --> 01:17:53,500
They know
they have to avoid it.

1471
01:17:53,533 --> 01:17:56,500
Then the second part
of the technology

1472
01:17:56,533 --> 01:18:00,367
that is a shark deterrent
are large ceramic magnets.

1473
01:18:01,900 --> 01:18:06,167
The magnetism overwhelms
the sixth sense of the shark

1474
01:18:06,200 --> 01:18:08,400
and acts as a deterrent.

1475
01:18:08,433 --> 01:18:12,800
We tested it by putting chum
on one side of the barrier,

1476
01:18:12,833 --> 01:18:16,067
a food source that the shark
can recognize as such,

1477
01:18:16,067 --> 01:18:19,500
to try and convince
the shark to swim through it.

1478
01:18:19,533 --> 01:18:22,267
But none of the experiments
we did,

1479
01:18:22,300 --> 01:18:25,100
any of the sharks
actually crossed the pipes.

1480
01:18:25,133 --> 01:18:26,933
It is shark-specific.

1481
01:18:26,967 --> 01:18:30,067
Every other marine animal
can just swim through it,

1482
01:18:30,067 --> 01:18:33,567
and it is designed
to protect surfers.

1483
01:18:33,600 --> 01:18:36,700
There are other
eco-friendly systems

1484
01:18:36,733 --> 01:18:40,233
that can keep swimmers
separated from sharks,

1485
01:18:40,267 --> 01:18:42,700
but compared
to the Shark Safe,

1486
01:18:42,733 --> 01:18:46,333
they have the limitation
of being deployable only

1487
01:18:46,367 --> 01:18:47,967
in very calm weather.

1488
01:18:48,067 --> 01:18:51,433
While the Shark Safe Barrier,
once it's installed,

1489
01:18:51,467 --> 01:18:53,133
it's designed to stay there.

1490
01:18:53,167 --> 01:18:56,767
We can put it in deep water,
we can put it behind surfers,

1491
01:18:56,800 --> 01:19:00,400
to protect their back
as they're surfing.

1492
01:19:00,433 --> 01:19:03,300
We are really, really trying
as hard as we can

1493
01:19:03,333 --> 01:19:07,300
to have a minimal impact
to the environment

1494
01:19:07,333 --> 01:19:09,667
by providing
a solution that is safe

1495
01:19:09,700 --> 01:19:11,500
for both the marine life

1496
01:19:11,533 --> 01:19:13,433
and the people
using the beach.

1497
01:19:19,600 --> 01:19:23,233
[Jonathan]
We could trail these
technologies concurrently

1498
01:19:23,267 --> 01:19:26,933
with the current Shark Control
Program over a season,

1499
01:19:26,967 --> 01:19:29,300
learn how to operate it,

1500
01:19:29,333 --> 01:19:33,300
give people the reassurance
that we're putting in
these non-lethals,

1501
01:19:33,333 --> 01:19:35,867
monitor, do the science
on the non-lethals

1502
01:19:35,900 --> 01:19:37,167
while you're doing it.

1503
01:19:37,200 --> 01:19:39,567
You know, for example,

1504
01:19:39,600 --> 01:19:41,133
have the drone technology

1505
01:19:41,167 --> 01:19:43,400
and record how often
you see sharks,

1506
01:19:43,433 --> 01:19:46,567
how often you make people
safer by bringing them in

1507
01:19:46,600 --> 01:19:48,233
to the beach,

1508
01:19:48,267 --> 01:19:50,433
and then tracking shark
and knowing when
you put them back out.

1509
01:19:50,467 --> 01:19:52,067
Let's do that science.

1510
01:19:52,067 --> 01:19:54,367
Do it while the nets
and drumlines are still
there for a season.

1511
01:19:54,400 --> 01:19:56,233
There is a political answer
for you

1512
01:19:56,267 --> 01:19:59,367
that gives us a transition

1513
01:19:59,400 --> 01:20:02,900
to a non-lethal
shark control program,

1514
01:20:02,933 --> 01:20:04,367
which I've gotta tell you,

1515
01:20:04,400 --> 01:20:06,433
if we are concerned
about tourism in this state,

1516
01:20:07,300 --> 01:20:09,933
progressive
and positive messages

1517
01:20:09,967 --> 01:20:12,333
about the way we treat
our wildlife

1518
01:20:12,367 --> 01:20:14,167
is going to be paramount.

1519
01:20:16,100 --> 01:20:19,133
[Madison]
The way that we treat
animals off our coastline,

1520
01:20:19,167 --> 01:20:22,367
the way that we walk around
like we own the ocean here,

1521
01:20:22,400 --> 01:20:26,233
most countries
would be absolutely ecstatic

1522
01:20:26,267 --> 01:20:28,267
to have the kind
of wildlife that we do,

1523
01:20:28,300 --> 01:20:31,700
and we just abuse
that privilege so much.

1524
01:20:31,733 --> 01:20:33,767
We ignore it as well.

1525
01:20:33,800 --> 01:20:36,067
And I always remember
being in school

1526
01:20:36,100 --> 01:20:38,133
and we had people come
talk to us about snakes,

1527
01:20:38,167 --> 01:20:40,200
we had people come
talk to us about drugs,

1528
01:20:40,233 --> 01:20:42,267
and we had people
come talk to us about
all kinds of things.

1529
01:20:42,300 --> 01:20:44,900
We had surf life savers
come talk to us about rips.

1530
01:20:44,933 --> 01:20:46,167
But nobody taught us
about sharks.

1531
01:20:48,933 --> 01:20:50,567
[Layne]
Education is key.

1532
01:20:50,600 --> 01:20:52,533
And if we're uneducated,

1533
01:20:52,567 --> 01:20:55,300
then we tend
to just be ignorant.

1534
01:20:55,333 --> 01:20:57,700
And then we just go
with what we're told.

1535
01:20:57,733 --> 01:21:00,067
And unfortunately,
we're being told lies,

1536
01:21:00,100 --> 01:21:01,967
we're being told...

1537
01:21:02,067 --> 01:21:03,900
We're actually
being fed bullshit

1538
01:21:03,933 --> 01:21:06,100
around what is feasible,

1539
01:21:06,133 --> 01:21:09,067
what's a feasible way
to mitigate the risk.

1540
01:21:09,100 --> 01:21:11,367
There are wonderful
alternatives to culling,

1541
01:21:11,400 --> 01:21:12,733
and I think that that starts

1542
01:21:12,767 --> 01:21:14,433
with education
in the community

1543
01:21:14,467 --> 01:21:17,167
on what they
as individual citizens can do

1544
01:21:17,200 --> 01:21:18,633
to avoid an adverse
interaction,

1545
01:21:18,667 --> 01:21:19,867
and educating them about

1546
01:21:19,900 --> 01:21:21,800
where it might be
safer to swim,

1547
01:21:21,833 --> 01:21:23,667
maybe employing
more lifesavers

1548
01:21:23,700 --> 01:21:25,600
who would actually
save a lot more lives

1549
01:21:25,633 --> 01:21:26,900
than these culling practices,

1550
01:21:26,933 --> 01:21:29,200
which are probably
more endangering lives.

1551
01:21:33,100 --> 01:21:36,100
As a surfer, swimmer,
diver, and ocean-goer,

1552
01:21:36,133 --> 01:21:39,067
there are things
that you can do to avoid
an adverse interaction,

1553
01:21:39,067 --> 01:21:42,067
reduce your chances
of encountering a shark.

1554
01:21:42,067 --> 01:21:44,200
And that's looking around
and being aware.

1555
01:21:44,233 --> 01:21:46,267
Actually turning
your body around.

1556
01:21:46,300 --> 01:21:48,767
And factoring in
environmental conditions

1557
01:21:48,800 --> 01:21:51,867
like your proximity to other
marine animals, runoff,

1558
01:21:51,900 --> 01:21:56,067
rivers, stream outlets,
fishermen, fishing harbors,

1559
01:21:56,100 --> 01:21:58,100
and minimizing splashing
on the surface,

1560
01:21:58,133 --> 01:22:01,067
and bright fluorescent colors
that make you stand out

1561
01:22:01,100 --> 01:22:02,633
amongst everything else.

1562
01:22:05,600 --> 01:22:09,433
The Shark Control Program,
or basically stopping culling,

1563
01:22:09,467 --> 01:22:12,800
is one thing that we can do
relatively quick,

1564
01:22:12,833 --> 01:22:15,700
that will reduce
some of the pressure

1565
01:22:15,733 --> 01:22:17,667
that sharks face.

1566
01:22:17,700 --> 01:22:20,400
In order to, I suppose,
formally make a decision

1567
01:22:20,433 --> 01:22:24,333
and then enact that decision,
um, that in itself takes time.

1568
01:22:24,367 --> 01:22:27,867
But we're hoping that sooner
rather than later, especially,

1569
01:22:27,900 --> 01:22:29,733
you know, for people
who do use the water,

1570
01:22:29,767 --> 01:22:31,267
sooner rather than later,

1571
01:22:31,300 --> 01:22:33,933
effective safety measures
are put in place.

1572
01:22:36,333 --> 01:22:38,300
[Lawrence] So there are shark
advocates everywhere.

1573
01:22:38,333 --> 01:22:41,267
I think anyone who's fortunate
enough, as I have been,

1574
01:22:41,300 --> 01:22:43,233
to be able to spend
sometime in the water

1575
01:22:43,267 --> 01:22:44,467
with some of these animals,

1576
01:22:44,500 --> 01:22:46,633
they'll all tell you what
a spiritual experience it is.

1577
01:22:46,667 --> 01:22:48,200
And you see their behavior,

1578
01:22:48,233 --> 01:22:50,633
and you see the thoughtfulness
behind their eyes.

1579
01:22:50,667 --> 01:22:52,667
And anyone that's been
able to experience that

1580
01:22:52,700 --> 01:22:54,300
immediately becomes
a shark advocate.

1581
01:22:54,333 --> 01:22:55,733
You just cannot help it.

1582
01:22:57,400 --> 01:22:59,433
[Juan] Kind of turning
that fear into a fascination

1583
01:22:59,467 --> 01:23:01,700
and that fascination
into, like, a healthy respect

1584
01:23:01,733 --> 01:23:03,567
to wanna do something
to help protect them.

1585
01:23:03,600 --> 01:23:05,633
Especially once
you hear the information.

1586
01:23:05,667 --> 01:23:07,600
And I'm hoping that
can be an infective thing,

1587
01:23:07,633 --> 01:23:09,167
where other people
will do the same thing

1588
01:23:09,200 --> 01:23:10,500
that I did, basically.

1589
01:23:10,533 --> 01:23:12,667
And that's what I'm trying
to do with my photography.

1590
01:23:12,700 --> 01:23:14,600
It's just showing
that we can coexist,

1591
01:23:14,633 --> 01:23:16,900
that we can share the same
waters with these animals

1592
01:23:16,933 --> 01:23:18,300
and that we need
these animals.

1593
01:23:18,333 --> 01:23:20,500
Like, most people
just don't know the truth.

1594
01:23:20,533 --> 01:23:22,533
And if they did,
I have to feel like

1595
01:23:22,567 --> 01:23:24,233
they would make changes

1596
01:23:24,267 --> 01:23:25,933
in the way that
they consume things

1597
01:23:25,967 --> 01:23:28,067
and the way
that they would actually

1598
01:23:28,100 --> 01:23:31,067
vote with their dollar
or even just with a voice,

1599
01:23:31,100 --> 01:23:33,067
just speaking up
for these animals.

1600
01:23:33,067 --> 01:23:34,667
They need it now
more than ever.

1601
01:23:34,700 --> 01:23:37,267
I mean, if those studies
are even remotely close,

1602
01:23:37,300 --> 01:23:40,133
and 5% of the world's shark
population is all we got left,

1603
01:23:40,167 --> 01:23:43,600
then there's never
a more important time
to act than right now.

1604
01:23:45,667 --> 01:23:48,367
Every time
we enter the ocean,

1605
01:23:48,400 --> 01:23:50,267
we're taking
our life in our hands,

1606
01:23:50,300 --> 01:23:52,433
because it is not
our backyard swimming pool.

1607
01:23:52,467 --> 01:23:54,633
Everything we do
to control nature

1608
01:23:54,667 --> 01:23:57,767
has a domino effect
that ripples down onto us.

1609
01:23:57,800 --> 01:24:00,067
So we have to take care
of this environment,

1610
01:24:00,100 --> 01:24:01,800
we have to treasure our sharks

1611
01:24:01,833 --> 01:24:04,300
and understand exactly
what it is they do

1612
01:24:04,333 --> 01:24:06,233
to keep their ecosystem
in check.

1613
01:24:10,433 --> 01:24:13,167
I hope that more people's
eyes will be open

1614
01:24:13,200 --> 01:24:16,700
to the importance
of sharks, their plight,

1615
01:24:16,733 --> 01:24:18,567
and that people
will join together

1616
01:24:18,600 --> 01:24:20,400
and do something
to help protect them.

1617
01:24:20,433 --> 01:24:23,433
Just like what was done
for the protection of whales

1618
01:24:23,467 --> 01:24:25,733
and many marine animals
and cetaceans

1619
01:24:25,767 --> 01:24:27,433
and even turtles
around the world.

1620
01:24:27,467 --> 01:24:29,767
And I think that
I see the change already,

1621
01:24:29,800 --> 01:24:31,867
especially with
the influence of media

1622
01:24:31,900 --> 01:24:34,967
and different companies
getting on board
and getting involved.

1623
01:24:36,267 --> 01:24:38,433
Your voice matters,
you know,

1624
01:24:38,467 --> 01:24:39,600
especially 'cause
you don't know

1625
01:24:39,633 --> 01:24:41,067
what kind of chain reaction
it's gonna have.

1626
01:24:41,100 --> 01:24:42,967
You don't know what kind
of seed it's gonna plant,

1627
01:24:43,067 --> 01:24:45,433
and, you know, the politicians
and the big businesses

1628
01:24:45,467 --> 01:24:46,833
will listen to the masses.

1629
01:24:46,867 --> 01:24:50,500
Start. Don't think that
you can't make a difference
because you can.

1630
01:24:52,467 --> 01:24:54,733
[Madison] The shark nets
are the one thing

1631
01:24:54,767 --> 01:24:59,067
that I have never
successfully dented.

1632
01:24:59,067 --> 01:25:01,300
It's just an insane enemy
to be up against.

1633
01:25:01,333 --> 01:25:04,067
So I've always been
at war with them

1634
01:25:04,067 --> 01:25:05,767
throughout my entire life.

1635
01:25:05,800 --> 01:25:07,233
It's probably one
of the biggest wars

1636
01:25:07,267 --> 01:25:08,733
in shark conservation

1637
01:25:08,767 --> 01:25:11,067
because it is such
a delicate issue.

1638
01:25:11,100 --> 01:25:12,633
It is just off our coastline,

1639
01:25:12,667 --> 01:25:14,500
but it's so hidden
from the public.

1640
01:25:14,533 --> 01:25:17,067
Making that awareness
possible is really difficult.

1641
01:25:17,100 --> 01:25:19,700
And dealing
with people's mentalities
is really difficult.

1642
01:25:19,733 --> 01:25:21,100
So I don't know.

1643
01:25:21,133 --> 01:25:22,933
It's always been
a huge challenge to me,

1644
01:25:22,967 --> 01:25:24,967
and I feel pretty confident
in what I've been able to do

1645
01:25:25,067 --> 01:25:27,067
for sharks around the world,

1646
01:25:27,067 --> 01:25:30,300
but here,
it's one of those things

1647
01:25:30,333 --> 01:25:32,600
that I think I'll be battling
for the rest of my life.

1648
01:25:38,400 --> 01:25:40,867
[Bana] Humans have shared
the oceans with these animals

1649
01:25:40,900 --> 01:25:46,133
for a mere fraction of their
450-million-year existence.

1650
01:25:46,167 --> 01:25:49,333
Sharks are the ultimate
apex predators.

1651
01:25:50,867 --> 01:25:54,667
They have survived and
adapted throughout ice ages,

1652
01:25:54,700 --> 01:25:57,467
heat waves,
and mass extinctions,

1653
01:25:57,500 --> 01:25:59,667
to be the perfectly
evolved creatures

1654
01:25:59,700 --> 01:26:01,867
we share our oceans
with today.

1655
01:26:03,100 --> 01:26:04,967
But there is one
mass extinction

1656
01:26:05,067 --> 01:26:08,233
they are struggling
to survive.

1657
01:26:08,267 --> 01:26:12,500
The one our arrogance,
entitlement, and fear
is fueling.

1658
01:26:15,067 --> 01:26:18,333
There are positive
changes being made,

1659
01:26:18,367 --> 01:26:23,367
driven by a dedicated few,
but we need more voices.

1660
01:26:25,333 --> 01:26:27,267
At this point in our history,

1661
01:26:27,300 --> 01:26:29,433
we know that we must
protect them,

1662
01:26:29,467 --> 01:26:32,933
not just for them to survive,
but for our own survival.

1663
01:26:34,800 --> 01:26:38,500
Sharks will survive
just fine without us,

1664
01:26:38,533 --> 01:26:41,100
but we cannot survive
without them.

1665
01:26:42,433 --> 01:26:45,400
For their future and ours,

1666
01:26:45,433 --> 01:26:48,667
we must become their envoy.

1667
01:28:10,867 --> 01:28:16,267
[dramatic music playing]

1668
01:28:16,300 --> 01:28:18,333
-Save the sharks.
-Save the sharks.

1669
01:28:18,367 --> 01:28:22,133
[man] Thousands held
protests in Melbourne
and Perth on Saturday.

1670
01:28:22,167 --> 01:28:24,333
They called on the
Western Australian Government

1671
01:28:24,367 --> 01:28:27,067
to abandon
the shark culling plan

1672
01:28:27,067 --> 01:28:28,967
announced last month.

1673
01:28:29,067 --> 01:28:31,067
Six people have been
killed by sharks

1674
01:28:31,067 --> 01:28:33,600
and several more attacked
in the local waters

1675
01:28:33,633 --> 01:28:35,400
since September 2011.

1676
01:28:35,433 --> 01:28:37,267
That's gonna target
large sharks

1677
01:28:37,300 --> 01:28:39,667
including, uh, the vulnerable
great white shark,

1678
01:28:39,700 --> 01:28:44,367
and we believe it's 2014
and we're beyond that now.

1679
01:28:44,400 --> 01:28:48,200
[man] Under the plan,
baited drumlines would be
set off local beaches

1680
01:28:48,233 --> 01:28:49,967
to catch great white sharks,

1681
01:28:50,067 --> 01:28:53,067
tiger, and bull sharks
bigger than three meters.

1682
01:28:53,067 --> 01:28:54,733
Protesters claim
killing sharks

1683
01:28:54,767 --> 01:28:57,100
would devastate
the marine ecosystem.

1684
01:28:57,133 --> 01:29:00,833
[woman] The protests grew
from hundreds to thousands.

1685
01:29:00,867 --> 01:29:02,533
It's their water!

1686
01:29:02,567 --> 01:29:04,133
[all] Stop the slaughter!

1687
01:29:04,167 --> 01:29:07,233
Please just change
the policy.

1688
01:29:07,267 --> 01:29:09,600
[woman] Some protesters
went too far

1689
01:29:09,633 --> 01:29:12,967
with death threats
against the premier
and fisheries minister

1690
01:29:13,067 --> 01:29:15,233
and abuse
for contract fishermen.

1691
01:29:15,267 --> 01:29:18,933
But even shark victims
didn't like the drumlines.

1692
01:29:18,967 --> 01:29:19,067
Killing animals
isn't the greatest idea.