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- [woman] When do we want it?
- [crowd] Now.
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00:00:12,679 --> 00:00:14,591
- [woman] What do we want?
- [crowd] Justice.
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00:00:14,615 --> 00:00:16,348
- When do we want it?
- Now.
6
00:00:16,383 --> 00:00:18,194
- What do we want?
- Justice.
7
00:00:18,218 --> 00:00:20,019
- When do we want it?
- Now
8
00:00:20,086 --> 00:00:21,998
- What do we want?
- Justice.
9
00:00:22,022 --> 00:00:23,933
- When do we want it?
- Now.
10
00:00:23,957 --> 00:00:25,802
- What do we want?
- Justice.
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00:00:25,826 --> 00:00:27,826
- When do we want it?
- Now.
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00:00:27,894 --> 00:00:29,773
- What do we want?
- Justice.
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00:00:29,797 --> 00:00:31,975
- When do we want it?
- Now.
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00:00:31,999 --> 00:00:33,665
- What do we want?
- Justice.
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00:00:33,733 --> 00:00:35,834
- When do we want it?
- Now.
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00:00:41,674 --> 00:00:43,675
Can you smell the pot?
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00:00:43,743 --> 00:00:45,344
- Can you smell the pot?
- Yes, I can.
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A Jewish Filipino family. Whoo!
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A Jewish Filipino. I'm Filipino.
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- [man] Are you?
- He's a Jew-lipino.
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00:00:53,886 --> 00:00:55,821
[laughter]
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We belong
to Immaculate Heart community.
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So we're still active,
working for justice.
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[woman speaking]
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- Right.
- We do. We do. We were nuns.
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- [man] Really?
- I joined to be a nun.
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Wow.
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And we were sisters
of the Immaculate Heart.
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And then we got into trouble
with the bishop.
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[man] Hollywood, California.
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Home of a religious order
which keeps making headlines.
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[Anita] The sisters of the
Immaculate Heart are a group of people
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who want very much
to serve people today
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and who want to make
themselves relevant.
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The settlement of
the dispute probably points
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00:02:04,323 --> 00:02:06,325
to the direction in
which the church
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00:02:06,392 --> 00:02:09,361
will go towards modernization
of its religion.
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[Helen] I chose this life
a long time ago.
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I thought it was a good life,
but times have moved on,
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which I see very clearly.
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[man] There are those who
are afraid the nuns' rebellion is
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going to spread
and seriously undermine
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the authority
of the Catholic Church.
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There's a sense in which we
have always been in trouble.
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[laughs]
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[Corita] People are often
frightened that one little change
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is going to lead to many others.
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And that they are
certainly right.
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But changing is
what keeps one growing.
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[woman] They do take vows.
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Poverty, chastity,
and obedience,
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00:03:03,550 --> 00:03:05,350
and they are destroying
all three of those vows.
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The cardinal feels
that they are moving
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out of safe Christianity.
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[man] If the Immaculate Heart
sisters get their way
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it would just
open Pandora's box.
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[woman] We did what
we thought was right.
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We did it because
we thought it was just.
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[church bells ring]
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[man] For a century, the sisters
of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
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00:04:03,977 --> 00:04:06,022
taught the young in Los Angeles.
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Their convent was
a spiritual oasis
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in the religious desert
of Hollywood.
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[all singing hymns]
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But today
this cloistered order is
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the subject of a fierce debate
that reaches from California,
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across America, to the inner
sanctums of the Vatican.
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Probably many of you are
wondering just what are those
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Immaculate Heart sisters up to.
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[man] Sister Anita Caspary,
Mother General of the convent,
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who openly defied His Eminence
the Archbishop of Los Angeles.
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He just couldn't see
what we were doing
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or why we were doing it.
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It seemed wrong to him.
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[man] The big gun is James
Francis, Cardinal McIntyre,
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Archbishop of Los Angeles.
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The sisters of
the Immaculate Heart
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are a threat to the church
as he has helped to build it.
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[Clement] Cardinal McIntyre
was shaped, formed,
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and anointed into a church
that was authoritarian.
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He felt that if you opposed him
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you were opposing the church
and you were doing something
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that would hurt the church
or that was ungodly.
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[man speaking]
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Well, I would hope
that I'm gentle, too,
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and unfit for violence. Um...
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[Sheila] When I met Anita,
I was struck by two things.
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Anita always managed
to stay calm
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and she was always able
to say something wise.
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Conflict was not something
that she would have ever
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initiated out of anger.
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But a part of wisdom is to know
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when to stand your ground.
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["Sure of Love" playing]
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♪ Sure, so sure ♪
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♪ So sure ♪
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♪ Of love ♪
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[Sheila] One of the things
to say about that
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period from early in the
20th century, up to the '60s,
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for women, it was a very,
very patriarchal time.
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Your coffee, sir.
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- Thanks, beautiful.
- You're welcome.
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[Sheila] So if marriage really
wasn't your thing,
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staying home and looking after
the kids really wasn't something that
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you were looking forward to,
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in that environment, many young
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independently-minded women
joined women's religious orders
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'cause this was a way out.
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One, it was a way
of getting an education.
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The proposal of marriage and
so forth did not appeal to me
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that much.
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My dad,
with his family of girls,
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he really thought of women
as being in careers
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and being able to make
their own way.
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So I went
to Immaculate Heart College.
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I immediately felt that's
where I really belong,
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where I would feel at home.
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[Pat] The college faculty
were so human.
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They would accept a Coke
or a little bag of potato chips
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when you'd offer it to them.
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So they struck me
as more modern.
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They were contemporary,
and that attracted me.
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[Anita] It was there that I think
I really felt strongly my own
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calling to become a nun.
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I really wanted to become
something like these women.
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They were so different.
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Full of life, energy, vitality.
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But I didn't think about
the practical part of what did
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one do to become a nun.
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[man] Fresh, eager young faces.
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Who among this group will
be God's career women?
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[church bell rings]
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[Anita] First,
we were postulates,
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studying to enter
religious life.
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It was kind of strange to me.
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Our lives were so surrounded
and so small.
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I had hoped that we might go
more deeply into some of
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the great spiritual writers,
but we were not allowed that.
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We had to memorize
what was called
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the Catechism of the Vows.
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And that was very dull
and very hard going.
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[Helene] After six months in
preparation, there was a mass,
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00:09:01,140 --> 00:09:04,743
and so we all
dressed up like brides.
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00:09:08,414 --> 00:09:12,061
Wearing the bridal gown
is a way of symbolizing that
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00:09:12,085 --> 00:09:15,887
you are going to be quote,
"married to Christ."
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The priest blessed the habits...
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00:09:24,096 --> 00:09:28,099
and then we dressed in
the habit and came back in.
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And that's also when,
if we were changing names,
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they gave us,
you will be known in religion
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as sister so-and-so.
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[Anita] My name which was
given to me by my mentor
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was Sister Humiliata.
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Sister Mary Humiliata,
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I insisted on, to give it
some humanity.
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But she decided that was a
good way to personify for me
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the virtue of humility, which I
guess she thought I needed. [laughs]
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[Ruth] We realized pretty
soon that there were
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elements in religious life
that really were, you know,
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not too rational.
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- [church bell rings]
- The bell rang
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and we all went to mass
at the same time.
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We were not supposed
to speak in the convent
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unless it was
a matter of charity.
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It was what we called
the day silence.
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[Pat] Many of us read
a book called Asylums
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00:10:39,906 --> 00:10:43,174
about mental institutions.
And when we read it,
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00:10:43,242 --> 00:10:48,090
we began to realize that
the same kinds of restrictions
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00:10:48,114 --> 00:10:52,762
that were put on people in
mental institutions were also
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00:10:52,786 --> 00:10:56,554
the kinds of rules
that controlled our lives.
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00:11:00,126 --> 00:11:04,996
I'd spent long hours on my
knees, long hours learning
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00:11:05,064 --> 00:11:07,666
how to keep dust off
the library books
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00:11:07,733 --> 00:11:12,270
and learning how to care for
elegant, old hardwood floors.
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I perceived myself to be
really advancing in holiness.
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00:11:20,479 --> 00:11:23,125
[Pat] My superior insisted
that the youngest person
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00:11:23,149 --> 00:11:25,750
at the dining table eat whatever
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00:11:25,818 --> 00:11:28,330
was left on the platters.
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00:11:28,354 --> 00:11:30,933
So if somebody didn't eat
their poached egg
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00:11:30,957 --> 00:11:33,135
then I had to eat two.
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00:11:33,159 --> 00:11:35,226
I gained 15 pounds.
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00:11:38,697 --> 00:11:42,434
The minor rules
and the infinitesimal
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00:11:42,501 --> 00:11:48,017
attention to detail in every
part of our lives was meant,
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I think, to make us simply obey.
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[Clement] It was
a patriarchal church,
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00:12:00,720 --> 00:12:05,501
and salvation came through
a rigid obedience,
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00:12:05,525 --> 00:12:08,593
and it was promoted through
an oppressive guilt.
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00:12:09,995 --> 00:12:12,263
That's how the American church
was built.
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00:12:18,938 --> 00:12:20,872
[man] The great
Basilica of Saint Peter's,
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00:12:20,939 --> 00:12:23,919
home of world Catholicism,
towers majestically
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00:12:23,943 --> 00:12:26,411
over the papal guards
in full dress uniform.
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00:12:28,480 --> 00:12:31,683
The ceremony of elevation
proceeds in all its solemnity,
191
00:12:31,750 --> 00:12:34,352
and Cardinal McIntyre advances
to the throne to receive
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00:12:34,419 --> 00:12:37,399
the highest honor
a grateful church can bestow.
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00:12:37,423 --> 00:12:40,959
He is now officially
Francis Cardinal McIntyre.
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00:12:53,439 --> 00:12:56,641
The priests in New York were
said to have been very happy
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00:12:56,708 --> 00:12:59,310
when McIntyre came to Los
Angeles because they thought
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00:12:59,378 --> 00:13:01,112
they were gonna have it
easy when he left.
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00:13:05,451 --> 00:13:07,296
Because he was, he was tough.
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00:13:07,320 --> 00:13:10,166
I mean, he wanted something
done, he'd ask you to do it,
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00:13:10,190 --> 00:13:11,456
he wanted it done yesterday.
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00:13:15,928 --> 00:13:17,729
[Clement] He was rigid
about everything.
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00:13:17,796 --> 00:13:20,031
I mean, he wore a hat.
202
00:13:21,466 --> 00:13:23,835
I was his secretary,
I had to wear a hat.
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00:13:24,536 --> 00:13:25,781
I hated wearing a hat.
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00:13:25,805 --> 00:13:28,540
[man] His brilliant financial
mind and experience,
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00:13:28,607 --> 00:13:30,742
gained before
he entered the priesthood,
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00:13:30,809 --> 00:13:32,477
has been brought to bear
in the parishes
207
00:13:32,544 --> 00:13:34,012
and dioceses in
which he has served.
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00:13:35,214 --> 00:13:37,415
He now leaves to Los Angeles.
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00:13:46,091 --> 00:13:48,960
[Francis] Cardinal McIntyre
was very powerful in those days.
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00:13:53,298 --> 00:13:56,234
All the big shots in the city
and the politicians
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00:13:56,769 --> 00:13:58,147
would court him.
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00:13:58,171 --> 00:14:01,150
♪ The best things in life
are free ♪
213
00:14:01,174 --> 00:14:03,808
Not into theology much, now.
He's a businessman.
214
00:14:04,376 --> 00:14:07,957
♪ I need money ♪
215
00:14:07,981 --> 00:14:12,161
He was a runner on Wall Street
before he was a priest
216
00:14:12,185 --> 00:14:14,519
and he knew Wall Street
inside and out.
217
00:14:16,722 --> 00:14:19,568
[Anita] Financially,
he was certainly a big help
218
00:14:19,592 --> 00:14:21,426
to the church in Los Angeles.
219
00:14:21,994 --> 00:14:23,862
As a builder.
220
00:14:23,929 --> 00:14:26,197
♪ But your love don't
pay my bills ♪
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00:14:26,265 --> 00:14:28,333
♪ I need money ♪
222
00:14:28,367 --> 00:14:31,513
- ♪ That's what I want ♪
- ♪ That's what I want ♪
223
00:14:31,537 --> 00:14:33,671
[Clement] He came here in 1948,
224
00:14:33,739 --> 00:14:37,453
when southern California was
exploding after the war.
225
00:14:37,477 --> 00:14:40,678
[Francis] So, naturally,
the Catholic people here
226
00:14:40,746 --> 00:14:42,658
wanted more schools.
227
00:14:42,682 --> 00:14:46,484
We have in our pool, few
schools today in this country.
228
00:14:46,551 --> 00:14:49,020
Six million children.
229
00:14:49,087 --> 00:14:53,858
And that's why I am standing
up for true religion in our schools.
230
00:14:54,226 --> 00:14:56,872
[applause]
231
00:14:56,896 --> 00:14:59,341
[Pat] He was called
the Educational Cardinal
232
00:14:59,365 --> 00:15:01,944
and built,
I don't know how many schools.
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00:15:01,968 --> 00:15:04,035
[Ruth] It felt like a new
school was opening
234
00:15:04,102 --> 00:15:06,882
in Los Angeles every week.
235
00:15:06,906 --> 00:15:08,940
Who was going to teach
in those schools?
236
00:15:10,976 --> 00:15:12,710
We sisters.
237
00:15:15,314 --> 00:15:18,627
[Francis] The McIntyre sisters
were the largest community
238
00:15:18,651 --> 00:15:20,585
staffing our schools.
239
00:15:23,188 --> 00:15:27,392
[Anita] In a church school, the
Cardinal had authority over that school.
240
00:15:27,459 --> 00:15:30,639
It wasn't our school just
because we taught there.
241
00:15:30,663 --> 00:15:33,464
Those were his schools.
242
00:15:33,532 --> 00:15:37,579
And so, the pressure was
put on communities to staff
243
00:15:37,603 --> 00:15:40,772
the schools beyond what was
right, educationally.
244
00:15:48,547 --> 00:15:52,461
I think Cardinal McIntyre viewed
women, at least nuns in this
245
00:15:52,485 --> 00:15:56,865
diocese, as coolie labor
for his schools.
246
00:15:56,889 --> 00:15:59,290
♪ Hey, sister Hey, sister ♪
247
00:15:59,358 --> 00:16:01,759
♪ Could you come
a little closer? ♪
248
00:16:01,827 --> 00:16:04,940
[Francis] McIntyre was a
genius, financial genius,
249
00:16:04,964 --> 00:16:10,101
because he realized that
the greatest cost in almost
250
00:16:10,168 --> 00:16:11,769
everything is your salaries.
251
00:16:13,172 --> 00:16:17,019
You must remember
that in those days nuns,
252
00:16:17,043 --> 00:16:18,776
they didn't get
much of a salary.
253
00:16:19,979 --> 00:16:21,957
[woman] We've taught for free.
254
00:16:21,981 --> 00:16:26,517
No Social Security,
no pension, no salary.
255
00:16:28,187 --> 00:16:31,456
We used to say the nuns took
the vow of poverty and we kept it.
256
00:16:35,260 --> 00:16:37,506
[Pat] So, the first day
of school arrived
257
00:16:37,530 --> 00:16:42,111
and I brought my class up to
the classroom and I thought,
258
00:16:42,135 --> 00:16:44,836
"Oh, my God, what do
I do with all these kids?"
259
00:16:48,474 --> 00:16:51,320
Eighty three sixth
and seventh graders.
260
00:16:51,344 --> 00:16:55,780
My first class was 80 kids.
[laughs]
261
00:16:55,814 --> 00:16:57,926
I don't know to this day how
many students I had.
262
00:16:57,950 --> 00:16:59,795
Maybe 70, maybe 80.
263
00:16:59,819 --> 00:17:03,688
The door would open and the priest
would shove a couple more kids in.
264
00:17:05,223 --> 00:17:08,893
And I didn't have the skills
that would have helped to do
265
00:17:08,960 --> 00:17:11,206
the kind of job that should
have been done.
266
00:17:11,230 --> 00:17:13,876
I mean, I didn't have a
college degree at that point,
267
00:17:13,900 --> 00:17:15,533
let alone a teaching credential.
268
00:17:17,969 --> 00:17:19,748
[Ruth] The idea was
you put on a habit,
269
00:17:19,772 --> 00:17:22,507
you are teaching the kids.
Your habit teaches them.
270
00:17:24,476 --> 00:17:27,045
For the majority of us,
we were teaching
271
00:17:27,112 --> 00:17:30,759
and then gradually
got our college education,
272
00:17:30,783 --> 00:17:34,496
going to classes on Saturday
for a very long time.
273
00:17:34,520 --> 00:17:37,188
On the other hand,
you don't need a vast degree
274
00:17:37,255 --> 00:17:38,901
sometimes to teach third grade.
275
00:17:38,925 --> 00:17:40,725
You need a bunch
of common sense.
276
00:17:44,930 --> 00:17:48,644
There were legions of young
nuns in classrooms where
277
00:17:48,668 --> 00:17:50,234
all they felt was defeat.
278
00:17:54,206 --> 00:17:56,674
I mean, all the stories
about bad nuns
279
00:17:56,741 --> 00:17:58,276
I think come out of that period.
280
00:17:58,944 --> 00:18:00,478
[child howls]
281
00:18:08,687 --> 00:18:10,655
[indistinct chatter]
282
00:18:14,026 --> 00:18:16,160
[Anita] Cardinal McIntyre
wanted everything
283
00:18:16,228 --> 00:18:20,142
under his authority,
directly under his authority,
284
00:18:20,166 --> 00:18:24,480
but Immaculate Heart College
was our school, we owned it.
285
00:18:24,504 --> 00:18:27,271
So we had much more
freedom there.
286
00:18:29,575 --> 00:18:31,887
[woman] Immaculate
Heart College,
287
00:18:31,911 --> 00:18:35,424
a college which promises
its students you will become
288
00:18:35,448 --> 00:18:37,515
part of the tidal wave
of exploration
289
00:18:38,117 --> 00:18:40,585
and never be the same.
290
00:18:40,652 --> 00:18:43,165
[Pat] I was very happy when
I got an assignment to teach
291
00:18:43,189 --> 00:18:44,833
at the college.
292
00:18:44,857 --> 00:18:46,591
It's obvious, I think,
that anyone who teaches
293
00:18:46,658 --> 00:18:49,972
or works in a college has
much more freedom,
294
00:18:49,996 --> 00:18:52,130
you know, in many ways
than one who teaches
295
00:18:52,197 --> 00:18:53,664
in the other part
of the structure.
296
00:18:57,336 --> 00:19:00,449
[Lenore] Unlike the sisters
who taught in the elementary
297
00:19:00,473 --> 00:19:02,140
and high schools,
298
00:19:02,207 --> 00:19:05,710
those of us who taught in the
college went on to get our PhDs.
299
00:19:07,012 --> 00:19:11,059
So, the college was
an exciting place to be,
300
00:19:11,083 --> 00:19:15,153
which made teaching
really fun. Really fun.
301
00:19:17,556 --> 00:19:20,625
We were able to be
part of the world
302
00:19:20,692 --> 00:19:24,495
and in tune
with the issues of the day.
303
00:19:27,733 --> 00:19:31,680
[Dorothy] The college was so
centrally located, it was on the same
304
00:19:31,704 --> 00:19:34,616
grounds as the Motherhouse,
which was the main convent.
305
00:19:34,640 --> 00:19:37,819
So, the things the college
put on in the way of artistic
306
00:19:37,843 --> 00:19:41,690
productions, plays, lectures,
art exhibits.
307
00:19:41,714 --> 00:19:45,160
People from the whole order could,
if they wanted to, come to these.
308
00:19:45,184 --> 00:19:48,519
Free is a singing word,
shouting word,
309
00:19:48,587 --> 00:19:50,966
and it grows in sound
as you say it.
310
00:19:50,990 --> 00:19:53,157
Kind of spreads around
when you live it.
311
00:19:54,927 --> 00:19:59,063
[Mary] The college always
provided an alternative education.
312
00:20:02,334 --> 00:20:05,136
But it was the years '63 to '70
313
00:20:05,203 --> 00:20:07,338
where everything was popping.
314
00:20:07,405 --> 00:20:09,273
[cheering]
315
00:20:09,341 --> 00:20:10,474
["Daydream" playing]
316
00:20:10,542 --> 00:20:12,343
♪ Daydream ♪
317
00:20:12,411 --> 00:20:15,146
♪ I fell asleep amid
the flowers ♪
318
00:20:16,014 --> 00:20:19,061
♪ For a couple of hours ♪
319
00:20:19,085 --> 00:20:21,919
♪ On a beautiful day ♪
320
00:20:23,355 --> 00:20:27,402
The Immaculate Heart College
was alive with highly-trained,
321
00:20:27,426 --> 00:20:31,295
very bright,
professionally-ambitious women.
322
00:20:31,363 --> 00:20:33,497
We would like to be able to say
323
00:20:33,565 --> 00:20:37,969
that a women's college is freer.
324
00:20:38,036 --> 00:20:40,549
[woman] This was a time when
very few women
325
00:20:40,573 --> 00:20:42,173
received a college degree.
326
00:20:44,442 --> 00:20:48,490
The nuns who were college faculty
had more degrees among them
327
00:20:48,514 --> 00:20:52,049
than all the priests in the
Archdiocese of Los Angeles.
328
00:20:52,117 --> 00:20:55,319
[woman] A political science
class discusses disarmament.
329
00:21:00,859 --> 00:21:02,893
Nothing could not be discussed.
330
00:21:04,129 --> 00:21:06,464
We were encouraged
to be experimental.
331
00:21:09,668 --> 00:21:12,870
Very famous people
came to campus
332
00:21:12,937 --> 00:21:14,238
because they had heard about us.
333
00:21:15,274 --> 00:21:19,744
Like Buckminster Fuller,
Charles and Ray Eames,
334
00:21:19,811 --> 00:21:22,446
Jane Fonda and Tom Hayden.
335
00:21:23,648 --> 00:21:28,697
Each department seemed
to be really flourishing.
336
00:21:28,721 --> 00:21:32,034
The music department
with the trio was traveling
337
00:21:32,058 --> 00:21:34,225
all over the United States
and giving concerts.
338
00:21:36,461 --> 00:21:39,730
There was a telegram,
would we consider recording
339
00:21:39,798 --> 00:21:42,600
the Schubert Trio in B flat
for Capitol Records?
340
00:21:47,339 --> 00:21:50,608
The English department was
publishing its own books.
341
00:21:50,675 --> 00:21:52,543
The science people were getting
342
00:21:52,610 --> 00:21:54,889
government grants
to do research.
343
00:21:54,913 --> 00:21:57,548
The drama department was
bringing in directors
344
00:21:57,615 --> 00:22:01,385
from England and Ireland
to do plays with our students.
345
00:22:05,557 --> 00:22:08,025
Of course, by that time
the biggest excitement
346
00:22:08,093 --> 00:22:11,362
and publicity was centered
around the art department,
347
00:22:11,429 --> 00:22:14,332
where Corita
was doing her serigraphs.
348
00:22:53,138 --> 00:22:59,588
[Mickey] I think that what drove
Corita to become an artist was
349
00:22:59,612 --> 00:23:02,079
the circumstance
that she found herself in.
350
00:23:02,147 --> 00:23:05,816
She was part of a community,
and she needed to make
351
00:23:05,884 --> 00:23:07,863
a contribution
to that community.
352
00:23:07,887 --> 00:23:12,089
And this is what came
naturally to her.
353
00:23:12,157 --> 00:23:15,893
In the early days, especially,
I was trying to make quote,
354
00:23:15,960 --> 00:23:20,698
"religious art" that would be not quite
as repulsive as what was around. [laughs]
355
00:23:26,371 --> 00:23:31,242
The work that Corita did was
dealing with religious subjects
356
00:23:31,309 --> 00:23:33,210
in a very unusual way.
357
00:23:38,116 --> 00:23:41,919
So, this piece is representative
of Corita's earlier work.
358
00:23:41,986 --> 00:23:43,621
It's called At Cana of Galilee.
359
00:23:47,526 --> 00:23:51,840
Corita's early work
is very biblical,
360
00:23:51,864 --> 00:23:58,202
very much the product of
someone who is exploring spirituality.
361
00:24:00,271 --> 00:24:04,608
The usual classical pictures
of Mary and the saints
362
00:24:04,676 --> 00:24:07,912
and Jesus were totally
different in her eyes.
363
00:24:15,220 --> 00:24:18,322
The negative reaction from the
archdioceses happened right away.
364
00:24:22,694 --> 00:24:25,463
[Marian] The cardinal
couldn't stand Corita's art.
365
00:24:26,431 --> 00:24:29,366
His idea of a Christmas card was
366
00:24:29,434 --> 00:24:32,214
the child Jesus in the
manger with the shepherds,
367
00:24:32,238 --> 00:24:34,883
and Corita's idea of
a Christmas card was a splash
368
00:24:34,907 --> 00:24:39,176
of red, black, blue, green,
or gold, and calligraphy.
369
00:24:41,279 --> 00:24:44,315
They were very, very nice
cards, we thought.
370
00:24:45,283 --> 00:24:46,550
Well, the cardinal didn't,
371
00:24:46,618 --> 00:24:49,420
but then he had no idea
what was good art.
372
00:24:57,295 --> 00:25:00,498
There are letters from the
Archdiocese asking Corita
373
00:25:00,565 --> 00:25:06,548
not to depict the holy family because
it was disturbing to parishioners.
374
00:25:06,572 --> 00:25:10,174
So, she is kind of forced
to move into the direction
375
00:25:10,241 --> 00:25:13,622
that she moved into with her work,
where she was using a lot more text
376
00:25:13,646 --> 00:25:16,291
and she was using figures
because she was forbidden
377
00:25:16,315 --> 00:25:18,582
from depicting
the holy family, specifically.
378
00:25:25,189 --> 00:25:27,791
The '60s were a time
when people were saying,
379
00:25:27,859 --> 00:25:30,060
"Open up your minds
to what's going on."
380
00:25:31,663 --> 00:25:35,777
And the college was very
much part of that world.
381
00:25:35,801 --> 00:25:38,869
But this was a very
conservative Catholic community
382
00:25:38,937 --> 00:25:40,181
in southern California,
383
00:25:40,205 --> 00:25:41,872
to the degree
that good Catholics
384
00:25:41,940 --> 00:25:44,542
were not sending their daughters
to Immaculate Heart College
385
00:25:44,609 --> 00:25:47,044
because they felt it
was a little dangerous.
386
00:25:51,016 --> 00:25:56,687
So, at a certain point, the cardinal
started censoring the faculty.
387
00:26:00,091 --> 00:26:04,028
[Francis] The problem with
Immaculate Heart College was that it was
388
00:26:04,095 --> 00:26:07,275
very difficult for many
Catholics to endure
389
00:26:07,299 --> 00:26:10,901
because the one thing
people hate is change.
390
00:26:19,244 --> 00:26:22,446
It's very ordinary
for churches and schools
391
00:26:22,513 --> 00:26:26,784
who are Catholic to celebrate
a day in May in honor of Mary.
392
00:26:29,254 --> 00:26:31,455
[Marian] Mary's Day had
been a very formal occasion.
393
00:26:31,522 --> 00:26:33,857
The students all wore
cap and gown
394
00:26:33,925 --> 00:26:36,727
and carried white lilies.
It was quite dreadful.
395
00:26:42,467 --> 00:26:44,379
I guess it was
the first year that
396
00:26:44,403 --> 00:26:46,737
I was president of the college.
397
00:26:46,804 --> 00:26:50,207
Corita herself came along
and said...
398
00:26:55,813 --> 00:26:59,461
And she said, "Isn't
Mary's Day kind of trite
399
00:26:59,485 --> 00:27:04,933
and traditional, and not
utilizing all of our talents?"
400
00:27:04,957 --> 00:27:08,336
And I said, "Well, yeah,
probably that's so.
401
00:27:08,360 --> 00:27:10,628
Are you willing to plan
something better?"
402
00:27:22,040 --> 00:27:25,643
Well, this Mary's Day, I guess
you could say that about all
403
00:27:25,710 --> 00:27:29,246
Mary's Day, that we begin by,
404
00:27:29,313 --> 00:27:32,961
we tried to in the art
department to make things
405
00:27:32,985 --> 00:27:35,452
which will give the campus
a different look.
406
00:27:46,197 --> 00:27:48,132
We would try to have
a theme each year,
407
00:27:48,199 --> 00:27:51,669
and in those years especially,
I think there was
408
00:27:51,736 --> 00:27:54,849
so much happening that it was
usually a social justice theme
409
00:27:54,873 --> 00:27:56,273
underlying it.
410
00:28:24,436 --> 00:28:26,870
Mary's Day was lots of fun.
411
00:28:29,040 --> 00:28:33,644
I loved, you know, getting
those flowers around my habit
412
00:28:33,711 --> 00:28:36,447
and doing
the dance on the lawn and...
413
00:28:38,583 --> 00:28:41,362
I thought it was the kind
of celebration that churches
414
00:28:41,386 --> 00:28:43,454
ought to have regularly.
415
00:28:45,790 --> 00:28:49,571
We did all these things
to visually represent how Mary
416
00:28:49,595 --> 00:28:52,240
was seen by the people
at the college,
417
00:28:52,264 --> 00:28:56,066
which was as an inspiration
to all things good and holy.
418
00:29:30,501 --> 00:29:34,883
It was picked up very quickly by
the newspapers and magazines.
419
00:29:34,907 --> 00:29:37,908
That, of course,
drew much criticism
420
00:29:37,975 --> 00:29:39,610
from the cardinal's office.
421
00:29:40,578 --> 00:29:42,446
[gasps] They thought it
was blasphemous.
422
00:29:43,848 --> 00:29:45,849
[foreboding music playing]
423
00:29:51,322 --> 00:29:55,926
The cardinal talked about Mary's
Day being a scandalous thing.
424
00:29:58,129 --> 00:30:00,464
Offensive to the faithful,
425
00:30:03,735 --> 00:30:07,715
It wasn't his cup of
tea, shall we say. [laughs]
426
00:30:07,739 --> 00:30:11,141
And he kept saying
that our alumni
427
00:30:11,209 --> 00:30:13,054
were complaining to him.
428
00:30:13,078 --> 00:30:14,511
And that's quite possible.
429
00:30:14,545 --> 00:30:17,759
There were some very
conservative alumni.
430
00:30:17,783 --> 00:30:21,285
But he had something in
for Corita, so the fact that
431
00:30:21,352 --> 00:30:25,266
she was involved in the
planning of it didn't help.
432
00:30:25,290 --> 00:30:27,558
Clouds were gathering
over that congregation.
433
00:30:27,625 --> 00:30:30,661
I mean, that cardinal was not
gonna put up with those uppity women.
434
00:30:32,330 --> 00:30:36,477
The Immaculate Heart sisters,
and all of these new ideas,
435
00:30:36,501 --> 00:30:40,548
all became irritants to his
perception of what should be
436
00:30:40,572 --> 00:30:42,139
and what ought to be.
437
00:30:43,641 --> 00:30:45,242
[woman] And then
the following summer,
438
00:30:45,309 --> 00:30:49,646
Corita developed these
series of her prints.
439
00:30:53,551 --> 00:30:57,487
That series was received
publicly like wildfire.
440
00:31:00,024 --> 00:31:03,293
[man] The one that drove him
berserk was that one of Mary.
441
00:31:03,361 --> 00:31:06,296
"She scrawled across it, " Mary,
442
00:31:06,364 --> 00:31:11,034
the juiciest tomato
of them all." [laughing]
443
00:31:11,102 --> 00:31:12,870
Well, at that point,
he had had enough.
444
00:31:18,576 --> 00:31:21,979
The most dramatic moment
of Cardinal McIntyre's
445
00:31:22,046 --> 00:31:26,149
disapproval was he had announced
that he was coming to visit us.
446
00:31:29,387 --> 00:31:32,256
The general counsel was having
its meeting and the cardinal
447
00:31:32,323 --> 00:31:37,527
came in upon it and told us
that we were becoming
448
00:31:37,595 --> 00:31:41,732
much too modern, that we would
have to follow what he said.
449
00:31:41,799 --> 00:31:44,445
He scared me most when he said,
450
00:31:44,469 --> 00:31:47,804
"If this goes on, I shall
have to close the college."
451
00:31:49,140 --> 00:31:51,653
At the end of
the conversation he said,
452
00:31:51,677 --> 00:31:53,810
"You will suffer for this."
453
00:31:59,884 --> 00:32:01,985
[church bell rings]
454
00:32:03,955 --> 00:32:05,689
[Clement] He was afraid.
455
00:32:05,756 --> 00:32:07,424
He was afraid for the church.
456
00:32:09,627 --> 00:32:13,541
Because the whole issue
was caught in the middle
457
00:32:13,565 --> 00:32:16,733
of a much, much larger contest.
458
00:32:23,441 --> 00:32:26,955
I think that we have to trace
our entire movement
459
00:32:26,979 --> 00:32:32,293
back to our precedent
breaking event, Vatican II.
460
00:32:32,317 --> 00:32:38,188
There came about a period of
profound discovery in our church.
461
00:32:38,255 --> 00:32:42,971
First of all, I think it was a
discovery of the modern world.
462
00:32:42,995 --> 00:32:45,062
[man] The Vatican Ecumenical
Council.
463
00:32:45,129 --> 00:32:47,531
This is only the second
in 400 years.
464
00:32:47,598 --> 00:32:51,935
The council's immediate aim is to make church
laws more compatible with modern times.
465
00:32:54,238 --> 00:32:57,452
[man 2] The council produced
16 documents designed
466
00:32:57,476 --> 00:33:00,610
to modernize the role of
the church in world affairs.
467
00:33:01,946 --> 00:33:07,617
All the decrees of Vatican II
brought enormous change
468
00:33:07,685 --> 00:33:10,420
to the culture of the church.
469
00:33:10,488 --> 00:33:15,603
For instance, the mass changed
to be set in the local language
470
00:33:15,627 --> 00:33:18,028
instead of in Latin.
471
00:33:18,095 --> 00:33:21,031
And in the pre-Vatican II days
there was this whole thing
472
00:33:21,098 --> 00:33:24,101
about women's blood
being polluting.
473
00:33:24,168 --> 00:33:28,816
And so, women were not
allowed into the sanctuary.
474
00:33:28,840 --> 00:33:35,423
But, you suddenly had women
serving in the area around the altar.
475
00:33:35,447 --> 00:33:37,381
That sent shockwaves.
476
00:33:43,054 --> 00:33:46,656
- Depends on what the question is.
- [all laughing]
477
00:33:46,724 --> 00:33:50,304
[Pat] Cardinal McIntyre had been
at the Second Vatican Council.
478
00:33:50,328 --> 00:33:54,931
We think he voted against every
single document that was passed.
479
00:33:54,999 --> 00:33:58,112
There would only be about 11
votes against these beautiful
480
00:33:58,136 --> 00:34:01,671
documents and we was sure
his was one of them. [laughs]
481
00:34:01,739 --> 00:34:04,318
That was a hard transition.
482
00:34:04,342 --> 00:34:07,855
And I don't think that
Cardinal McIntyre,
483
00:34:07,879 --> 00:34:11,348
people of his generation,
were reasonably prepared
484
00:34:11,415 --> 00:34:13,550
for the radical nature
of the change.
485
00:34:20,157 --> 00:34:21,669
[Clement] People were polarized.
486
00:34:21,693 --> 00:34:23,760
The church was polarized.
487
00:34:23,828 --> 00:34:26,096
I'm really not happy
with the change.
488
00:34:26,163 --> 00:34:31,479
It's very distracting, these new
modern methods they have for mass.
489
00:34:31,503 --> 00:34:33,236
I think the church has
a right to change.
490
00:34:33,304 --> 00:34:37,507
There can be no change
in the divine institution
491
00:34:37,575 --> 00:34:40,210
and constitution of the church.
492
00:34:48,519 --> 00:34:51,432
[Helen] In the face of all
that was going on in the world,
493
00:34:51,456 --> 00:34:54,702
we were in danger of becoming
somewhat irrelevant
494
00:34:54,726 --> 00:34:57,661
and of taking the easy way.
495
00:34:57,728 --> 00:35:01,131
Do what you're told.
Don't rock the boat.
496
00:35:01,198 --> 00:35:03,578
And, uh, clearly we were
in a boat that
497
00:35:03,602 --> 00:35:05,435
needed desperately to be rocked.
498
00:35:08,005 --> 00:35:10,118
At the Immaculate
Heart community
499
00:35:10,142 --> 00:35:13,110
we were hanging on every word
that came out of Vatican II.
500
00:35:15,279 --> 00:35:18,281
For us, it was
a very big deal, because it
501
00:35:18,349 --> 00:35:22,663
gave an official framework
now with which to do the kinds
502
00:35:22,687 --> 00:35:25,622
of things that we were already
doing at the college.
503
00:35:28,159 --> 00:35:31,072
One of the first Second
Vatican Council documents
504
00:35:31,096 --> 00:35:35,532
that we read was the decree of
appropriate renewal of religious life.
505
00:35:53,918 --> 00:35:55,986
[laughter]
506
00:35:56,053 --> 00:36:01,424
Vatican II encouraged us to
experiment with new ways of living.
507
00:36:07,698 --> 00:36:11,101
Almost immediately we began
to issue questionnaires
508
00:36:11,168 --> 00:36:16,640
to our 540 members and to
form commissions to talk about
509
00:36:16,707 --> 00:36:19,142
the chief issues
in religious life.
510
00:36:20,244 --> 00:36:25,749
Testing, one, two... [speaking]
511
00:36:35,793 --> 00:36:37,905
[Frances] The changes
that we were discussing
512
00:36:37,929 --> 00:36:42,866
were very encouraging because I
found that the old convent structure
513
00:36:42,933 --> 00:36:45,969
so oppressive that
I didn't want to continue.
514
00:36:48,405 --> 00:36:50,607
Adult women ought to
be able to decide
515
00:36:50,674 --> 00:36:53,387
what time they go to bed,
516
00:36:53,411 --> 00:36:58,726
when they pray, and how
many times, and no hierarchy
517
00:36:58,750 --> 00:37:02,552
should be involved in making
those decisions for us.
518
00:37:03,487 --> 00:37:06,601
[all laughing]
519
00:37:06,625 --> 00:37:09,893
[Marian] There were just, what
I suppose many people would
520
00:37:09,960 --> 00:37:14,364
think trivial things, that we
no longer had to observe.
521
00:37:14,431 --> 00:37:17,078
And it gave you
a sense of freedom.
522
00:37:17,102 --> 00:37:20,414
[Pat] One of my favorite second
Vatican Council documents
523
00:37:20,438 --> 00:37:22,683
is on the church in
the modern world.
524
00:37:22,707 --> 00:37:25,686
It just starts off by saying
we should make the joys
525
00:37:25,710 --> 00:37:31,581
and the anxieties and
sufferings of all people our own.
526
00:37:32,250 --> 00:37:35,485
[woman speaking]
527
00:37:41,659 --> 00:37:45,573
Are we religious in the Roman
Catholic Church comfortably
528
00:37:45,597 --> 00:37:49,966
isolated from all of the petty
burdens placed upon mankind?
529
00:37:51,335 --> 00:37:53,937
With urban renewal and protests,
530
00:37:55,406 --> 00:37:58,908
with the war in Vietnam
and the cause of peace.
531
00:38:00,144 --> 00:38:02,545
Can we make a contribution?
532
00:38:15,259 --> 00:38:17,327
[Patrice] I like this title.
533
00:38:17,394 --> 00:38:20,230
"Love trumps hate."
534
00:38:22,667 --> 00:38:24,668
There I am in the corner.
535
00:38:26,804 --> 00:38:28,338
Yeah.
536
00:38:28,405 --> 00:38:31,319
That's right during the march.
537
00:38:31,343 --> 00:38:33,677
Taking a rest. Taking a break.
538
00:38:35,412 --> 00:38:39,749
I get teary-eyed just thinking
about all the different things
539
00:38:39,817 --> 00:38:46,456
you know, that terrible kind of
hatred that built up in people.
540
00:39:04,375 --> 00:39:08,044
Yelling and screaming with their
little kids next to 'em calling me things.
541
00:39:12,116 --> 00:39:15,363
I've never been
called a whore. [chuckles]
542
00:39:15,387 --> 00:39:18,421
You know, I heard that name
I don't know how many times.
543
00:39:21,525 --> 00:39:24,594
It was the first time
I was afraid of white people.
544
00:39:25,730 --> 00:39:28,109
I was scared to death
of the police
545
00:39:28,133 --> 00:39:30,311
and I was scared to death
of every white man
546
00:39:30,335 --> 00:39:32,769
that was driving a car
behind us.
547
00:39:35,272 --> 00:39:39,876
But that's when I realized
this is how the people
548
00:39:39,943 --> 00:39:41,911
had to live day after day.
549
00:40:05,836 --> 00:40:08,705
The cause of justice
is more important
550
00:40:08,772 --> 00:40:11,685
and that always
stuck in my mind.
551
00:40:11,709 --> 00:40:17,914
No matter what may have to
happen, you have to let go. Yeah.
552
00:40:20,251 --> 00:40:22,096
It was hard.
553
00:40:22,120 --> 00:40:25,655
It was also a real spiritual
awakening to what
554
00:40:25,722 --> 00:40:29,259
it means to really say
you care for your neighbor.
555
00:40:29,326 --> 00:40:34,664
♪ We shall overcome ♪
556
00:40:34,731 --> 00:40:38,668
♪ We shall overcome ♪
557
00:40:38,735 --> 00:40:44,007
♪ Someday ♪
558
00:40:44,074 --> 00:40:50,191
When Cardinal McIntyre saw my
name in the Los Angeles Times,
559
00:40:50,215 --> 00:40:56,831
he called Sister Anita and wanted
to know who gave her permission
560
00:40:56,855 --> 00:40:59,589
to go to Selma, Alabama.
561
00:41:00,591 --> 00:41:01,758
[laughs]
562
00:41:08,732 --> 00:41:11,801
♪ And now we've got
a revolution ♪
563
00:41:12,937 --> 00:41:15,115
[Sheila] One of the things
you have to remember is
564
00:41:15,139 --> 00:41:17,051
the Immaculate Heart sisters
565
00:41:17,075 --> 00:41:19,787
were part of
this youth rebellion.
566
00:41:19,811 --> 00:41:24,214
The leaders might have been in
their 40s and 50s,
567
00:41:24,281 --> 00:41:27,995
but their enthusiastic followers
568
00:41:28,019 --> 00:41:29,986
were these young nuns.
569
00:41:34,358 --> 00:41:36,737
[Dorothy] The '60s were a time
of civil rights
570
00:41:36,761 --> 00:41:41,164
and incipient women's movement
and rock 'n' roll and so on.
571
00:41:42,566 --> 00:41:43,944
So all these things were
572
00:41:43,968 --> 00:41:46,302
in the culture
that we were breathing.
573
00:41:47,504 --> 00:41:51,641
I offered the college as a
site for a number of programs
574
00:41:51,708 --> 00:41:54,822
critical of the Vietnam War.
575
00:41:54,846 --> 00:41:57,224
[woman] There was a big
peace march here in Los Angeles
576
00:41:57,248 --> 00:42:01,695
and I remember the nuns in
the school were marching with us
577
00:42:01,719 --> 00:42:03,964
down Wilshire Boulevard.
578
00:42:03,988 --> 00:42:08,235
These ladies were kick-ass
and kind of subversive.
579
00:42:08,259 --> 00:42:10,905
I used to demonstrate
for the farmworkers.
580
00:42:10,929 --> 00:42:13,173
[chanting indistinctly]
581
00:42:13,197 --> 00:42:15,832
The farmworkers had
called for a great boycott
582
00:42:15,866 --> 00:42:18,112
because of the terrible
conditions.
583
00:42:18,136 --> 00:42:22,238
♪ If I have to swim the ocean ♪
584
00:42:26,944 --> 00:42:28,811
Yes. [laughs]
585
00:42:28,879 --> 00:42:30,613
A lot of times.
586
00:42:30,681 --> 00:42:33,394
♪ It's not as simple
as talking jive ♪
587
00:42:33,418 --> 00:42:36,530
If you really believe
something is wrong, then
588
00:42:36,554 --> 00:42:41,224
it's important to put
your body on the line.
589
00:43:00,210 --> 00:43:02,345
So, as we started to talk
about how should
590
00:43:02,412 --> 00:43:05,915
we be in the modern world,
our own labor issues came up.
591
00:43:06,950 --> 00:43:09,018
We said that should
not be the way
592
00:43:09,086 --> 00:43:10,931
people are introduced
to being a nun.
593
00:43:10,955 --> 00:43:14,468
I mean, that has nothing to do
with God or religion
594
00:43:14,492 --> 00:43:15,536
or the church.
595
00:43:15,560 --> 00:43:17,805
That has to do with bad
management.
596
00:43:17,829 --> 00:43:20,608
[man] When did you first begin
to have reservations
597
00:43:20,632 --> 00:43:22,432
and doubts about the kind of
598
00:43:22,499 --> 00:43:25,435
formal ritual of life
in this convent?
599
00:43:25,502 --> 00:43:29,750
So, when I began to get
the long line of sisters
600
00:43:29,774 --> 00:43:31,374
coming in for personal advice,
601
00:43:31,441 --> 00:43:34,955
and to understand how
the institutionalization
602
00:43:34,979 --> 00:43:40,183
of the whole system had been
a dehumanizing one.
603
00:43:40,250 --> 00:43:44,387
When I began to see people
trying to be free of all these things,
604
00:43:44,454 --> 00:43:46,033
then I kind of got
605
00:43:46,057 --> 00:43:48,902
a burning desire
to free everyone.
606
00:43:48,926 --> 00:43:49,759
["Along Comes Mary" playing]
607
00:43:51,662 --> 00:43:53,596
[woman] We realized
that our labor problem
608
00:43:53,664 --> 00:43:55,498
was at the root of
everything else.
609
00:43:56,466 --> 00:43:59,402
Well, after Vatican II,
the order had
610
00:43:59,469 --> 00:44:03,072
an official approach to deal
with these issues.
611
00:44:03,140 --> 00:44:06,275
♪ Every time I think that
I'm the only one who's lonely ♪
612
00:44:06,343 --> 00:44:08,922
♪ Someone calls on me ♪
613
00:44:08,946 --> 00:44:10,213
We had these meetings,
614
00:44:10,280 --> 00:44:13,794
and people complained about
the conditions of their jobs,
615
00:44:13,818 --> 00:44:16,352
overcrowded classrooms,
sleep deprived,
616
00:44:16,420 --> 00:44:18,532
and the worst of all
was they weren't trained.
617
00:44:18,556 --> 00:44:19,856
[speaking]
618
00:44:33,170 --> 00:44:36,083
♪ And then along comes Mary ♪
619
00:44:36,107 --> 00:44:39,086
♪ And does she want to set
them free, and let them see reality ♪
620
00:44:39,110 --> 00:44:43,290
♪ from where she got her name ♪
621
00:44:43,314 --> 00:44:45,693
Then we began saying, all
right, we have to stand up
622
00:44:45,717 --> 00:44:47,294
and say this is what we will do,
623
00:44:47,318 --> 00:44:49,029
and this is what we won't do.
624
00:44:49,053 --> 00:44:50,164
Classroom size.
625
00:44:50,188 --> 00:44:52,255
Sure, public schools
say twenty-something.
626
00:44:52,322 --> 00:44:55,058
Well, we can go up
to maybe, you know, 40.
627
00:44:55,526 --> 00:44:57,860
But 72?
628
00:44:57,928 --> 00:45:00,596
And we had to be allowed
to go to college first,
629
00:45:00,664 --> 00:45:01,731
at least two years.
630
00:45:01,798 --> 00:45:03,499
[speaking]
631
00:45:09,006 --> 00:45:10,573
[laughter]
632
00:45:29,960 --> 00:45:32,539
I have this at home.
I love that.
633
00:45:32,563 --> 00:45:35,565
"Passion is the very
fact of God and man."
634
00:45:40,704 --> 00:45:41,904
Hello, Ray.
635
00:45:41,972 --> 00:45:44,974
Hello. How are you?
636
00:45:45,041 --> 00:45:46,709
- I'm good.
- Good to see you.
637
00:45:46,777 --> 00:45:47,844
What are you doing?
638
00:45:47,911 --> 00:45:50,179
I am sorting some prints.
639
00:45:50,247 --> 00:45:52,760
[Lenore] Is there anything we
could just use to march with?
640
00:45:52,784 --> 00:45:53,750
[Ray] Yeah.
641
00:45:57,387 --> 00:45:59,767
This is really pertinent.
642
00:45:59,791 --> 00:46:01,769
"The rights of all
men are diminished
643
00:46:01,793 --> 00:46:04,994
- "when the rights of one man are threatened."
- Uh-huh.
644
00:46:05,061 --> 00:46:07,775
You know,
I think Corita really wanted,
645
00:46:07,799 --> 00:46:11,400
especially during the mid-'60s
wanted to bring as much
646
00:46:11,468 --> 00:46:14,203
positivity as she could
to things.
647
00:46:14,271 --> 00:46:16,116
And really talked about how
she wanted things to be
648
00:46:16,140 --> 00:46:18,919
beautiful and joyful
and I don't think the anger
649
00:46:18,943 --> 00:46:21,477
came in until a little bit
later for her.
650
00:46:21,545 --> 00:46:25,882
It seemed like more late-'60s
that there was a little bit
651
00:46:25,949 --> 00:46:29,263
more of an edge to her messages.
652
00:46:29,287 --> 00:46:31,331
But by that time she'd been
through everything
653
00:46:31,355 --> 00:46:34,001
with the cardinal, and so,
to me, that makes sense.
654
00:46:34,025 --> 00:46:38,138
What's an example of
the anger or the edge?
655
00:46:38,162 --> 00:46:41,697
Um, like, the ones that are
the heroes and she-roes.
656
00:46:43,300 --> 00:46:45,946
It's all representative
of her style of work,
657
00:46:45,970 --> 00:46:48,638
but you have a piece
like The American Sampler,
658
00:46:48,705 --> 00:46:52,675
where she's making this
intense criticism of Vietnam.
659
00:46:55,512 --> 00:46:59,282
Or the putting together the
Vietcong and the slave ship.
660
00:47:01,184 --> 00:47:04,520
The messages that she
is delivering in these pieces
661
00:47:04,588 --> 00:47:08,502
are America is doing
something morally wrong,
662
00:47:08,526 --> 00:47:12,328
so the difference between
that and God is Bread,
663
00:47:12,395 --> 00:47:16,199
and Love Your Brother, seems
like she's kind of like,
664
00:47:16,266 --> 00:47:18,134
she flipped a switch
at some point.
665
00:47:22,739 --> 00:47:24,874
♪ People try to put her down ♪
666
00:47:24,941 --> 00:47:26,142
[Anita] Cardinal McIntyre,
667
00:47:26,209 --> 00:47:28,511
he wanted everything
that Corita did,
668
00:47:29,413 --> 00:47:32,125
that she created,
to be supervised
669
00:47:32,149 --> 00:47:34,661
by a group of parish priests,
670
00:47:34,685 --> 00:47:38,465
which would have been
impossible for Corita
671
00:47:38,489 --> 00:47:40,756
and would have caused a good
deal of laughter, really.
672
00:47:44,861 --> 00:47:48,842
The way she took things like
that was always as a joke.
673
00:47:48,866 --> 00:47:50,177
It didn't mean anything to her.
674
00:47:50,201 --> 00:47:51,845
You know, she would
just not do it.
675
00:47:51,869 --> 00:47:52,702
[no audio]
676
00:48:01,211 --> 00:48:03,190
The negative attention
that she was getting
677
00:48:03,214 --> 00:48:06,749
from the Archdiocese just
fueled the fire and just really kept
678
00:48:06,816 --> 00:48:10,052
the snowball of her fame
and her recognition going.
679
00:48:14,625 --> 00:48:16,692
Corita's work was being sold.
680
00:48:16,760 --> 00:48:19,095
It was on the covers
of magazines.
681
00:48:21,431 --> 00:48:24,367
She was having exhibits
all over the world.
682
00:48:29,506 --> 00:48:32,842
She was on the Christmas
issue of Newsweek magazine,
683
00:48:32,909 --> 00:48:35,945
as the literal cover girl
for the modern nun.
684
00:48:37,647 --> 00:48:39,693
[man] As she was becoming
more and more famed,
685
00:48:39,717 --> 00:48:41,851
she was also becoming braver.
686
00:48:41,918 --> 00:48:44,387
I suppose that
if you're devious enough,
687
00:48:44,454 --> 00:48:47,390
I think you can work
it to your own end.
688
00:48:47,457 --> 00:48:48,969
To your own end.
689
00:48:48,993 --> 00:48:50,904
Yes, I think sister Corita
has given us
690
00:48:50,928 --> 00:48:53,663
the sense that nothing
need be taboo.
691
00:48:55,598 --> 00:49:01,337
[woman] Corita was fortunate to
be one of a dynamic group of women.
692
00:49:04,140 --> 00:49:08,188
They were highly educated
women who were tasting freedom
693
00:49:08,212 --> 00:49:09,478
and liking the taste.
694
00:49:17,087 --> 00:49:18,799
Is it thought to
be a characteristic
695
00:49:18,823 --> 00:49:20,867
of nuns that they should
have pride?
696
00:49:20,891 --> 00:49:23,092
[gasps] Oh, no. Not at all.
697
00:49:23,159 --> 00:49:26,429
Humility is considered really
the basic virtue
698
00:49:26,496 --> 00:49:31,678
of the so-called religious virtues
or virtues of the religious life.
699
00:49:31,702 --> 00:49:33,336
- But, see-- - [man] You
don't agree with that, do you?
700
00:49:34,304 --> 00:49:36,572
Well, I do,
if you define humility
701
00:49:36,639 --> 00:49:38,841
rather carefully as truth.
702
00:49:38,908 --> 00:49:42,356
And in that comes a very
simple acknowledgment
703
00:49:42,380 --> 00:49:44,513
of what you are and what
you are supposed to do.
704
00:49:44,581 --> 00:49:47,450
But if you think of humility
as a kind of cloak,
705
00:49:47,517 --> 00:49:52,299
of kind of subservience,
conformity, that looks good,
706
00:49:52,323 --> 00:49:56,370
but it's very easy to look
humble and not be at all.
707
00:49:56,394 --> 00:49:58,171
How does one judge humility,
you know?
708
00:49:58,195 --> 00:49:59,795
I mean, how do you measure it?
709
00:49:59,863 --> 00:50:01,998
Um, which people
really are humble?
710
00:50:02,065 --> 00:50:03,032
It's hard to say.
711
00:50:13,276 --> 00:50:16,078
[man] In keeping with the
modernization of Catholic liturgy
712
00:50:16,146 --> 00:50:18,825
and ecumenical thought,
the tradition-bound
713
00:50:18,849 --> 00:50:21,217
dress of nuns is being
altered radically.
714
00:50:23,820 --> 00:50:26,600
The official document that
came out of Vatican II said,
715
00:50:26,624 --> 00:50:28,224
"experiment in stages."
716
00:50:30,693 --> 00:50:34,141
And then after a few years,
good scientific method,
717
00:50:34,165 --> 00:50:36,143
you re-examine them again.
718
00:50:36,167 --> 00:50:40,970
So, as all the little changes
and experiments continued,
719
00:50:41,905 --> 00:50:43,305
we began to see more
720
00:50:43,339 --> 00:50:45,508
and more discussion
on the issue of the habit.
721
00:50:47,644 --> 00:50:51,625
Why dressing as
a medieval woman dresses
722
00:50:51,649 --> 00:50:55,362
would make one
more Christian, more holy?
723
00:50:55,386 --> 00:50:58,632
It's hard now to figure out.
724
00:50:58,656 --> 00:51:01,257
We have to drive cars,
we have to board planes.
725
00:51:01,324 --> 00:51:03,437
We have to do all
kinds of things
726
00:51:03,461 --> 00:51:05,628
that make this out of place.
727
00:51:08,465 --> 00:51:10,066
[Pat speaking]
728
00:51:22,079 --> 00:51:24,591
[man] Until recently, the nuns
had no personal possessions
729
00:51:24,615 --> 00:51:25,548
and no money.
730
00:51:28,751 --> 00:51:31,420
Now they are given $20 a month
to dress as modern women.
731
00:51:31,488 --> 00:51:34,223
Did you look at the 14s down
here or did you just look at the 12s?
732
00:51:34,290 --> 00:51:35,691
I think we only looked at 12s.
733
00:51:36,493 --> 00:51:38,227
Let's go down this way, then.
734
00:51:40,764 --> 00:51:42,932
[woman] It wasn't universal
at first.
735
00:51:42,966 --> 00:51:45,401
Certain groups would try
this and try that.
736
00:51:52,642 --> 00:51:55,077
And then it was to be voted on.
737
00:51:59,516 --> 00:52:02,896
[Anita] Somehow now with the
changing into contemporary clothing,
738
00:52:02,920 --> 00:52:06,255
the habit has become
a symbol of a whole system
739
00:52:06,322 --> 00:52:08,724
of uniformity and conformity
740
00:52:08,791 --> 00:52:12,461
in which we no longer believe
as we did before.
741
00:52:12,529 --> 00:52:15,865
I personally would find it
very difficult to return.
742
00:52:25,709 --> 00:52:27,643
[man] How long is it since
you've worn the habit?
743
00:52:29,479 --> 00:52:33,949
Since last October, which I
guess is about six months, isn't it?
744
00:52:34,017 --> 00:52:35,996
[man] And now that you've got
your habit on again,
745
00:52:36,020 --> 00:52:38,420
do you really feel exactly
the same dressed like that
746
00:52:38,488 --> 00:52:40,333
as you do
in your ordinary clothes?
747
00:52:40,357 --> 00:52:41,190
No.
748
00:52:42,892 --> 00:52:45,272
I never realized that
till just now, I don't think,
749
00:52:45,296 --> 00:52:46,673
but no, I don't.
750
00:52:46,697 --> 00:52:50,210
That experience with him,
just in a few minutes...
751
00:52:50,234 --> 00:52:54,236
was a lesson for me because I
had actually argued against changing
752
00:52:54,304 --> 00:52:56,082
the habit in the beginning
of the whole thing.
753
00:52:56,106 --> 00:52:59,575
I thought it was
a kind of silly issue.
754
00:52:59,642 --> 00:53:04,113
[man] Does anybody here feel that it's
a pity that they've removed the habit?
755
00:53:04,180 --> 00:53:07,850
Well, I know that
having a woman in some
756
00:53:07,917 --> 00:53:12,365
kind of dress from completely
another period automatically
757
00:53:12,389 --> 00:53:13,722
does put up a barrier.
758
00:53:13,790 --> 00:53:15,724
In this way,
you know that they are people.
759
00:53:15,792 --> 00:53:17,526
They are now people.
760
00:53:17,594 --> 00:53:19,239
[man] I find you completely
different.
761
00:53:19,263 --> 00:53:21,664
I find my response to you
totally different now.
762
00:53:23,533 --> 00:53:24,844
And I've seen you
and talked to you
763
00:53:24,868 --> 00:53:26,112
in your civilian clothes.
764
00:53:26,136 --> 00:53:28,404
I would want to ask you what
you mean by totally different?
765
00:53:29,272 --> 00:53:31,051
I feel a certain kind of...
766
00:53:31,075 --> 00:53:34,187
uh, an awareness of the fact
that you won't ever be able
767
00:53:34,211 --> 00:53:35,522
to agree with any point of view
768
00:53:35,546 --> 00:53:37,791
that I may hold on
any serious subject
769
00:53:37,815 --> 00:53:42,017
that will always be modified
by the odor of sanctity.
770
00:53:42,085 --> 00:53:45,487
And secondly, that I have got
to censor my speech,
771
00:53:45,555 --> 00:53:48,624
my activities,
and the way I express things
772
00:53:48,691 --> 00:53:51,660
so as not to put you
in an awkward position.
773
00:54:16,319 --> 00:54:18,520
- Abstinence.
- [all laughing]
774
00:54:18,588 --> 00:54:21,590
[Lenore] On the one hand,
it was an exciting time,
775
00:54:21,658 --> 00:54:26,895
but there were also some sisters
who did not approve of the changes.
776
00:54:43,880 --> 00:54:47,016
It was pretty scary,
because we knew that among us
777
00:54:47,083 --> 00:54:52,321
there was the sabotage
of our plans.
778
00:54:57,427 --> 00:55:02,975
[Pat] Gatherings of a small group
were being held in our own premises.
779
00:55:02,999 --> 00:55:06,413
The two people who led
that group, Sister Joanne,
780
00:55:06,437 --> 00:55:11,151
and Sister Eileen,
were hypocrites.
781
00:55:11,175 --> 00:55:13,286
Excuse me,
but they were hypocrites.
782
00:55:13,310 --> 00:55:18,180
[Marian] They said what they
wanted was to restore the original
783
00:55:18,247 --> 00:55:21,628
religious spirit in the
community, which struck me
784
00:55:21,652 --> 00:55:24,520
as being rather strange,
because they didn't always turn up
785
00:55:24,587 --> 00:55:26,955
for prayers
when the rest of us did.
786
00:55:29,859 --> 00:55:32,795
[Rita] Sister Eileen kept
Cardinal McIntyre
787
00:55:32,862 --> 00:55:35,864
totally in touch
with what was happening.
788
00:55:35,932 --> 00:55:37,644
I know she did.
789
00:55:37,668 --> 00:55:41,937
Because she would tell us the
different things that she was telling him.
790
00:55:43,206 --> 00:55:47,787
They were like little spies
inside the community that
791
00:55:47,811 --> 00:55:50,079
reported all the little changes
792
00:55:50,146 --> 00:55:52,348
and experiments to the cardinal.
793
00:55:54,684 --> 00:55:58,087
She had him around
her little finger
794
00:55:58,154 --> 00:56:00,489
and he called her
his little angel.
795
00:56:00,556 --> 00:56:02,858
And I mean, it's just "blech."
796
00:56:04,827 --> 00:56:07,596
It's like having
an enemy within your camp.
797
00:56:09,899 --> 00:56:13,869
They just decided, I guess,
that there would be a conflict,
798
00:56:14,637 --> 00:56:15,704
which there was.
799
00:56:22,445 --> 00:56:24,157
[man clears throat]
800
00:56:24,181 --> 00:56:28,417
[man] Do you know why your
community is being investigated?
801
00:56:29,719 --> 00:56:34,590
The cardinal decided on
a new method of bringing,
802
00:56:34,657 --> 00:56:37,259
um, correction
into the community.
803
00:56:37,326 --> 00:56:41,374
And that was by sending
a group of priests
804
00:56:41,398 --> 00:56:43,977
to interrogate
every sister about
805
00:56:44,001 --> 00:56:46,846
what she thought of the way
the community was going.
806
00:56:46,870 --> 00:56:48,270
[man] Don't you think
it will take
807
00:56:48,337 --> 00:56:51,807
too much time to fix your hair if
you were to change your habit?
808
00:56:51,874 --> 00:56:54,187
[man 2] Is the rule of silence
being kept?
809
00:56:54,211 --> 00:56:56,545
[man 3] Where will
all of this experimentation
810
00:56:56,612 --> 00:56:58,013
lead your community?
811
00:56:58,080 --> 00:57:02,451
Each of us were interviewed several
times by different representatives.
812
00:57:05,755 --> 00:57:08,891
I prefer not to go
into the details
813
00:57:08,958 --> 00:57:11,671
because they are really
rather embarrassing.
814
00:57:11,695 --> 00:57:13,807
[man] Do you think
the sisters' sex life
815
00:57:13,831 --> 00:57:15,408
is affected by reading novels?
816
00:57:15,432 --> 00:57:18,434
[man 2] Do you know how
pornographic Ulysses is?
817
00:57:18,501 --> 00:57:21,470
[man 3] Do you want to look like
a floozy on Hollywood Boulevard?
818
00:57:26,776 --> 00:57:31,380
[Anita] And then they relayed
the message back to the cardinal
819
00:57:31,447 --> 00:57:34,761
that our community
was moving too fast
820
00:57:34,785 --> 00:57:39,154
and that we were very much
determined on our progression.
821
00:57:47,530 --> 00:57:51,533
By the time we came to 1967,
822
00:57:51,601 --> 00:57:54,470
we had an assembly
for the community
823
00:57:54,537 --> 00:57:58,651
as a whole to vote
for all the changes
824
00:57:58,675 --> 00:58:01,076
that we had been introducing.
825
00:58:02,745 --> 00:58:04,413
[speaking]
826
00:58:07,083 --> 00:58:10,686
Everybody had been studying
the issues and we were quite
827
00:58:10,753 --> 00:58:12,688
well-prepared for this assembly.
828
00:58:28,104 --> 00:58:30,372
I had trepidation
only, you know,
829
00:58:30,439 --> 00:58:32,007
for politically
what might happen to us.
830
00:58:49,392 --> 00:58:52,572
We knew Cardinal McIntyre
had told us very early that
831
00:58:52,596 --> 00:58:56,465
unless we stopped our course
of making changes
832
00:58:56,532 --> 00:58:59,468
that we would pay dearly.
833
00:59:09,746 --> 00:59:10,579
[Anita] Yeah.
834
00:59:16,485 --> 00:59:21,023
[Lenore] My feeling was that
those in authority in the Archdiocese
835
00:59:21,090 --> 00:59:23,792
were intrusive and unjust.
836
00:59:24,494 --> 00:59:28,074
And that as women religious,
837
00:59:28,098 --> 00:59:31,700
we could determine
our own destiny.
838
00:59:31,734 --> 00:59:34,747
[woman] It was time to just
take the bull by the horns
839
00:59:34,771 --> 00:59:38,307
and vote for all the changes.
840
00:59:49,586 --> 00:59:51,320
- [gavel banging]
- [woman speaking]
841
01:00:01,130 --> 01:00:02,397
[women speaking]
842
01:00:02,932 --> 01:00:04,299
[gavel banging]
843
01:00:07,336 --> 01:00:12,118
♪ You told me once
I have a rebel heart ♪
844
01:00:12,142 --> 01:00:14,053
- [woman] All in favor?
- [women] Aye.
845
01:00:14,077 --> 01:00:17,056
♪ I don't know if that's true ♪
846
01:00:17,080 --> 01:00:21,861
♪ But I believe you saw
something in me ♪
847
01:00:21,885 --> 01:00:23,919
♪ That lives inside ♪
848
01:00:24,820 --> 01:00:26,088
[woman] Proposal 27.
849
01:00:26,155 --> 01:00:30,025
I remember making the
motion on the floor that we make
850
01:00:30,092 --> 01:00:32,327
the wearing of
the habit voluntary.
851
01:00:37,367 --> 01:00:38,500
And it passed.
852
01:00:38,567 --> 01:00:41,614
♪ I don't know what it is ♪
853
01:00:41,638 --> 01:00:45,507
♪ That makes me run ♪
854
01:00:45,574 --> 01:00:51,624
♪ That makes me want
to shout at everything ♪
855
01:00:51,648 --> 01:00:53,448
♪ That I have done ♪
856
01:00:53,516 --> 01:00:58,186
So out of that year's assembly
came what are essentially
857
01:00:58,254 --> 01:01:02,357
our decrees on the spirit
in which we govern ourselves.
858
01:01:06,729 --> 01:01:08,975
I was aware that something
great was happening.
859
01:01:08,999 --> 01:01:12,000
The ground was beginning
to break underneath.
860
01:01:14,871 --> 01:01:19,808
If you look back on it now,
I feel it's really a marvelous,
861
01:01:19,875 --> 01:01:21,743
incredible statement of women.
862
01:01:21,811 --> 01:01:27,860
♪ Because of my rebel heart ♪
863
01:01:27,884 --> 01:01:31,620
♪ Is it all because ♪
864
01:01:31,687 --> 01:01:37,392
♪ Of my rebel heart? ♪
865
01:01:39,629 --> 01:01:43,298
[woman] It must have been a
terrible shock for the cardinal.
866
01:01:43,365 --> 01:01:46,535
Because he'd never come up
against anything like this before.
867
01:01:56,645 --> 01:01:59,581
[man speaking]
868
01:01:59,648 --> 01:02:02,228
[man] It would appear
the action of the chapter
869
01:02:02,252 --> 01:02:06,455
presents to the Archdiocese
of Los Angeles an ultimatum.
870
01:02:08,725 --> 01:02:12,260
Our policy as stated
is that we wish sisters
871
01:02:12,328 --> 01:02:16,843
teaching in our parochial
schools to wear a uniform habit
872
01:02:16,867 --> 01:02:20,513
that is immediately recognizable
as the garb of a woman
873
01:02:20,537 --> 01:02:24,717
dedicated to the service
of God in religion.
874
01:02:24,741 --> 01:02:29,678
They were expected
to wear a habit in teaching
875
01:02:29,745 --> 01:02:31,546
because they'd always
worn a habit.
876
01:02:31,614 --> 01:02:34,393
[man] It is evident
therefore that the decision
877
01:02:34,417 --> 01:02:36,618
rests with your community.
878
01:02:40,289 --> 01:02:43,736
[Anita] Changing clothes
should not make one fit or not fit
879
01:02:43,760 --> 01:02:45,460
to teach at a school.
880
01:02:46,629 --> 01:02:49,231
So why is that
so important to him?
881
01:02:51,033 --> 01:02:52,211
It was important to him
882
01:02:52,235 --> 01:02:56,682
because the habit signified
that we belonged to the church
883
01:02:56,706 --> 01:03:00,008
and therefore we belonged
under his authority also.
884
01:03:01,644 --> 01:03:05,958
We just knew that nothing we
would do or explain would ever
885
01:03:05,982 --> 01:03:08,049
make sense to him.
886
01:03:08,117 --> 01:03:11,453
[woman] Your eminence,
we did not close our ears
887
01:03:11,520 --> 01:03:14,122
to your request
for reconsideration.
888
01:03:14,190 --> 01:03:17,503
We struggled, however,
to find some way in which
889
01:03:17,527 --> 01:03:21,196
your authority and our
autonomy might be reconciled.
890
01:03:22,798 --> 01:03:25,778
At this time
we conclude reluctantly
891
01:03:25,802 --> 01:03:28,603
that we are indeed
at an impasse.
892
01:03:28,671 --> 01:03:32,140
Sincerely in Christ,
the IHM sisters.
893
01:03:35,745 --> 01:03:38,213
[man] My dear Mother Humiliata,
894
01:03:38,280 --> 01:03:42,595
in the presence of your seeming
attitude to ignore this feature,
895
01:03:42,619 --> 01:03:45,798
we shall proceed to arrange
for the withdrawal
896
01:03:45,822 --> 01:03:48,356
of your community
from our schools.
897
01:03:49,792 --> 01:03:52,227
This was like a bombshell.
898
01:03:52,294 --> 01:03:53,739
[Marian] I couldn't believe it.
899
01:03:53,763 --> 01:03:56,498
And some people took it,
I think, very hard.
900
01:04:06,309 --> 01:04:09,110
He fired us from the schools,
and that's a whole
901
01:04:09,178 --> 01:04:11,290
lot of schools
and a whole lot of people.
902
01:04:11,314 --> 01:04:12,247
Two hundred some people.
903
01:04:13,515 --> 01:04:17,052
For him, our leaving
the schools was not good,
904
01:04:17,119 --> 01:04:19,721
because he had to fill
all the positions
905
01:04:19,788 --> 01:04:21,690
in the schools that we left.
906
01:04:28,731 --> 01:04:30,065
[Rosa] That was my class.
907
01:04:35,071 --> 01:04:36,805
From six years of age on,
908
01:04:36,872 --> 01:04:39,808
I wanted to be with
the Immaculate Heart sisters.
909
01:04:39,875 --> 01:04:42,210
So, I went
to Queen of Angels Elementary
910
01:04:42,278 --> 01:04:44,346
and Queen of Angels High School.
911
01:04:44,413 --> 01:04:47,682
During the time of the changes
in their group.
912
01:04:48,550 --> 01:04:49,417
There.
913
01:04:50,886 --> 01:04:54,890
They helped me to expand
what I knew about the world
914
01:04:54,957 --> 01:04:56,191
and to think critically,
915
01:04:56,959 --> 01:04:59,895
to question authority.
916
01:04:59,962 --> 01:05:02,097
I think that that was
a very important thing for...
917
01:05:03,098 --> 01:05:07,435
for young women of color
to be able to absorb.
918
01:05:08,704 --> 01:05:10,016
[man] This Catholic high school
919
01:05:10,040 --> 01:05:13,085
in downtown Los Angeles
will be closed for lack of staff
920
01:05:13,109 --> 01:05:17,023
when the sisters of the Immaculate
Heart leave the classrooms.
921
01:05:17,047 --> 01:05:21,149
The school specializes in giving
chances to children from racial minorities.
922
01:05:22,651 --> 01:05:25,765
[Rosa] It was easier, I guess,
to close that school down,
923
01:05:25,789 --> 01:05:28,768
than to close down another
place where there were people
924
01:05:28,792 --> 01:05:30,125
with more resources.
925
01:05:31,660 --> 01:05:33,161
[man speaking]
926
01:05:39,401 --> 01:05:41,069
- No. Not at all.
- No. Not at all.
927
01:05:41,804 --> 01:05:43,582
Yes, I know those girls.
928
01:05:43,606 --> 01:05:46,385
Although it does hurt us,
and it hurts us very deeply.
929
01:05:46,409 --> 01:05:47,586
We welcome it in a way,
930
01:05:47,610 --> 01:05:49,855
because we know
that this change has been...
931
01:05:49,879 --> 01:05:52,414
It's been a long time coming,
and we need it.
932
01:05:52,481 --> 01:05:56,128
When I was there, we had books
that were falling apart in our hands,
933
01:05:56,152 --> 01:05:58,064
and they were very outdated.
934
01:05:58,088 --> 01:06:00,088
And the classes were crowded,
935
01:06:00,155 --> 01:06:03,024
fifty kids plus to one teacher.
936
01:06:03,092 --> 01:06:07,028
And many times that teacher
was fresh out of high school herself.
937
01:06:07,096 --> 01:06:09,364
We're still willing to do it
because we know that
938
01:06:09,431 --> 01:06:12,945
the sisters are a very small
part of a large movement
939
01:06:12,969 --> 01:06:15,337
that has to take place
and is going to take place.
940
01:06:20,042 --> 01:06:23,244
These girls were demonstrating
in front of the Chancery Office
941
01:06:23,312 --> 01:06:26,492
to ask the cardinal
to leave our school open.
942
01:06:26,516 --> 01:06:28,183
They said that he met with them
943
01:06:28,250 --> 01:06:29,784
but he had nothing
to say to them
944
01:06:29,852 --> 01:06:31,987
except, "May God have
mercy on your soul,"
945
01:06:32,054 --> 01:06:34,656
and sent them on their way,
and they came down in tears
946
01:06:34,723 --> 01:06:37,959
because the school was gonna
be closed no matter what.
947
01:06:41,530 --> 01:06:44,799
I downright hated the cardinal
for several years.
948
01:06:46,735 --> 01:06:51,406
I would say that that whole
incident taught me that
949
01:06:51,473 --> 01:06:55,510
the church could manipulate
words and human lives.
950
01:06:57,312 --> 01:07:00,915
But I'm not the only one
that got hurt by an institution.
951
01:07:10,960 --> 01:07:14,874
After we were fired from
the schools, I went to Rome,
952
01:07:14,898 --> 01:07:19,167
to the Vatican, and presented
our case against the cardinal.
953
01:07:22,971 --> 01:07:25,373
[Mary] Other communities
were very supportive.
954
01:07:25,441 --> 01:07:27,486
They were right behind us.
955
01:07:27,510 --> 01:07:31,357
You know, I was mobbed by
various sisters of various communities.
956
01:07:31,381 --> 01:07:33,415
"Tell us, what's the latest?
What's happening?"
957
01:07:37,586 --> 01:07:43,035
And then, in November of 1967,
we were sent notice
958
01:07:43,059 --> 01:07:47,228
from Rome that they were
sending a priest to us.
959
01:07:48,597 --> 01:07:52,000
This priest visited.
His name was Father Gallagher.
960
01:07:52,067 --> 01:07:53,579
And when he came,
961
01:07:53,603 --> 01:07:58,206
we were immediately struck
by his lack of friendliness
962
01:07:58,273 --> 01:08:01,743
and we knew that he was
going to be very critical of us.
963
01:08:04,279 --> 01:08:09,317
After some months, he sent what
became a rather historical document,
964
01:08:10,219 --> 01:08:12,654
the famous Four Points.
965
01:08:24,166 --> 01:08:29,815
This document was shaking,
because it became widely publicized.
966
01:08:29,839 --> 01:08:32,885
It was not just a letter
destined solely for us
967
01:08:32,909 --> 01:08:35,287
as Immaculate Heart sisters,
968
01:08:35,311 --> 01:08:37,579
it was a letter
to the whole United States,
969
01:08:37,646 --> 01:08:39,114
every sister
in the United States.
970
01:08:43,852 --> 01:08:47,922
By order of Rome, these
were the points to be followed.
971
01:08:48,791 --> 01:08:51,493
[woman speaking]
972
01:08:53,529 --> 01:08:57,866
[Anita] It said we had to
follow the same prayer schedule
973
01:08:57,933 --> 01:09:00,335
for everybody at the same time.
974
01:09:06,876 --> 01:09:10,478
In other words, every sister
was to be a teacher.
975
01:09:16,819 --> 01:09:20,421
We were to follow the
regulations of the cardinal.
976
01:09:21,423 --> 01:09:23,658
He was the boss.
977
01:09:26,695 --> 01:09:29,430
Wear a uniform habit.
978
01:09:34,837 --> 01:09:40,375
The sisters were shaken that
an outside force could tell us
979
01:09:40,442 --> 01:09:41,976
what to do.
980
01:09:42,011 --> 01:09:45,157
When the Immaculate Heart
situation occurred,
981
01:09:45,181 --> 01:09:49,851
it was necessary then to set out
guidelines which would influence
982
01:09:49,918 --> 01:09:52,787
the other religious
communities of women.
983
01:09:52,854 --> 01:09:57,192
The Immaculate Heart sisters
really set the tone for a lot
984
01:09:57,259 --> 01:09:59,661
of other nuns, and that
was really the big problem.
985
01:10:00,929 --> 01:10:03,932
Um, because the, um...
986
01:10:03,999 --> 01:10:05,800
You know...
987
01:10:06,569 --> 01:10:08,469
They drifted away from authority
988
01:10:08,537 --> 01:10:09,804
and then you're really
in trouble.
989
01:10:10,739 --> 01:10:12,307
[church bell rings]
990
01:10:17,879 --> 01:10:22,016
[woman] After that, the
cardinal requested from Rome
991
01:10:22,084 --> 01:10:25,397
a team of bishops who
were going to come and see
992
01:10:25,421 --> 01:10:29,324
whether they could convince us
to do what we were told to do.
993
01:10:30,892 --> 01:10:33,539
We were all invited down
to the old convent parlor.
994
01:10:33,563 --> 01:10:35,341
We were all sitting around
the parlor.
995
01:10:35,365 --> 01:10:38,277
There were questions
and answers back and forth.
996
01:10:38,301 --> 01:10:41,436
So, what these bishops
told us to do
997
01:10:41,503 --> 01:10:44,372
was to just really pretend.
998
01:10:46,842 --> 01:10:49,444
To say that we had a habit,
but don't wear it.
999
01:10:49,511 --> 01:10:50,889
Just leave it in the closet.
1000
01:10:50,913 --> 01:10:53,292
Say that we had a uniform
schedule of prayers,
1001
01:10:53,316 --> 01:10:54,515
but don't follow it.
1002
01:10:56,585 --> 01:10:57,719
I mean, why should we lie?
1003
01:10:57,786 --> 01:11:01,422
Why should we pretend
something that wasn't true?
1004
01:11:02,858 --> 01:11:08,630
To suggest those ways of going
about it was just...
1005
01:11:10,132 --> 01:11:11,132
It was just too much.
1006
01:11:14,269 --> 01:11:16,537
[Anita] We said
we did not feel that this
1007
01:11:16,605 --> 01:11:20,208
was in line with the present
way we were thinking,
1008
01:11:20,275 --> 01:11:25,457
so the bishop said that if we
were going to rebel against
1009
01:11:25,481 --> 01:11:27,949
the Four Points
or not follow them
1010
01:11:28,016 --> 01:11:31,719
that we could not
be accounted real sisters.
1011
01:11:33,088 --> 01:11:37,269
That meant that we were
faced with the possibility of
1012
01:11:37,293 --> 01:11:42,163
giving up the vows which we
had pronounced years before.
1013
01:11:45,234 --> 01:11:48,614
[Mary] At that point, Corita
raised her hand and she said,
1014
01:11:48,638 --> 01:11:50,305
"I have one question.
1015
01:11:51,239 --> 01:11:52,740
What would Jesus say?"
1016
01:11:53,776 --> 01:11:55,754
One of them went... [mouths]
1017
01:11:55,778 --> 01:12:00,048
With his mouth and he was
quite taken aback by that.
1018
01:12:02,851 --> 01:12:05,097
They told us, well,
we should make up our minds
1019
01:12:05,121 --> 01:12:09,457
and announce
our decision to Rome.
1020
01:12:26,007 --> 01:12:27,653
[Ann] It was hard.
1021
01:12:27,677 --> 01:12:29,254
They didn't want us to change.
1022
01:12:29,278 --> 01:12:30,678
They didn't want us to change.
1023
01:12:30,746 --> 01:12:34,816
They couldn't figure out why
we are making such a fuss about,
1024
01:12:34,883 --> 01:12:36,617
well, just hang the habit
in the closet.
1025
01:12:36,685 --> 01:12:40,265
But it wasn't just the habit.
1026
01:12:40,289 --> 01:12:42,000
It was a lot of things.
1027
01:12:42,024 --> 01:12:45,537
If you can imagine going
into the classroom and trying
1028
01:12:45,561 --> 01:12:48,429
to teach fifth grade science
when you have no idea
1029
01:12:48,497 --> 01:12:51,165
what the fifth-grade science,
except what the book tells you.
1030
01:12:51,233 --> 01:12:56,571
- [all chuckling] - And we just
felt that we were doing something
1031
01:12:56,638 --> 01:12:59,574
that we believed in
for the good of our community
1032
01:12:59,641 --> 01:13:01,553
and for the good of the church.
1033
01:13:01,577 --> 01:13:06,024
We relished the whole idea of,
if we are going to move ahead,
1034
01:13:06,048 --> 01:13:07,315
we are moving ahead.
1035
01:13:07,382 --> 01:13:10,162
We are not gonna be
old-fashioned nuns anymore.
1036
01:13:10,186 --> 01:13:13,165
And once you start changing...
1037
01:13:13,189 --> 01:13:15,100
you don't put the genie
back in the bottle.
1038
01:13:15,124 --> 01:13:16,702
You can't go back.
1039
01:13:16,726 --> 01:13:18,126
- [woman 1] Yes.
- [woman 2] Yes.
1040
01:13:31,473 --> 01:13:35,053
You know, we fought
for three years, in the press,
1041
01:13:35,077 --> 01:13:37,589
in Rome, everywhere we could.
1042
01:13:37,613 --> 01:13:40,325
And then the decision came
down, you either have to obey
1043
01:13:40,349 --> 01:13:42,683
the cardinal
or you cannot be nuns.
1044
01:13:47,689 --> 01:13:49,668
We had a huge meeting.
1045
01:13:49,692 --> 01:13:53,739
TV cameras were outside
and newspaper reporters.
1046
01:13:53,763 --> 01:13:56,431
One of the crucial disputes
over modernization
1047
01:13:56,498 --> 01:13:58,232
of the Catholic Church
has centered here
1048
01:13:58,300 --> 01:14:01,302
at the Immaculate Heart
convent in Hollywood.
1049
01:14:01,369 --> 01:14:05,006
They nuns will now be polled
to see how they will divide up.
1050
01:14:08,444 --> 01:14:10,778
Sister Eileen got up and cried.
1051
01:14:10,846 --> 01:14:13,158
She could cry very easily.
1052
01:14:13,182 --> 01:14:16,317
And she cried and said
something like,
1053
01:14:16,384 --> 01:14:19,787
"There are many sisters
who want to stay with me"
1054
01:14:19,855 --> 01:14:22,924
and want to have the kind
of religious life
1055
01:14:22,991 --> 01:14:24,659
"they entered the community for."
1056
01:14:28,864 --> 01:14:31,632
And then, I remember
Anita herself
1057
01:14:32,267 --> 01:14:33,835
at that meeting said...
1058
01:14:35,537 --> 01:14:39,207
"This decision has come
to us as a community."
1059
01:14:39,274 --> 01:14:43,455
What that means in the
plan of God, I do not know.
1060
01:14:43,479 --> 01:14:46,325
[woman] I have felt for some
time that the IHMs
1061
01:14:46,349 --> 01:14:51,997
are being asked to read the
signs of the times, to forge ahead,
1062
01:14:52,021 --> 01:14:56,090
to begin with enthusiasm to
work at a community of hope.
1063
01:14:57,626 --> 01:14:59,605
It is possible that such a group
1064
01:14:59,629 --> 01:15:02,697
will have to ask for
dispensation from public vows.
1065
01:15:02,764 --> 01:15:08,280
Our decrees pledge us to an
unending search for personhood,
1066
01:15:08,304 --> 01:15:13,374
vigilant and constant concern with
the destructive forces in our society,
1067
01:15:13,441 --> 01:15:15,643
a willingness
to welcome diversity,
1068
01:15:15,710 --> 01:15:18,846
not merely to tolerate it,
and a condemnation
1069
01:15:18,914 --> 01:15:22,884
with the clarity of Christ of
the primary evil, hypocrisy,
1070
01:15:23,852 --> 01:15:26,254
especially religious hypocrisy.
1071
01:15:27,522 --> 01:15:29,657
With confidence and peace...
1072
01:15:29,724 --> 01:15:32,971
I will carry out
what I think is my duty.
1073
01:15:32,995 --> 01:15:36,397
"It's up to you to make a
conscientious personal decision."
1074
01:15:44,272 --> 01:15:48,854
They sent out a paper
and you had,
1075
01:15:48,878 --> 01:15:52,480
I don't know, maybe two or
three weeks to make up your mind
1076
01:15:52,547 --> 01:15:53,915
before you sent
the paper back in.
1077
01:15:57,352 --> 01:15:59,186
It was not an easy decision.
1078
01:16:01,156 --> 01:16:04,202
It wasn't change
I objected to, but,
1079
01:16:04,226 --> 01:16:09,397
I knew it was a choice between
having vows and not having vows.
1080
01:16:10,098 --> 01:16:14,212
And I wanted to live
1081
01:16:14,236 --> 01:16:17,538
a vow of life,
so I did not sign.
1082
01:16:20,442 --> 01:16:23,444
Some of them said they believed
everything that we were doing,
1083
01:16:23,511 --> 01:16:26,047
but they couldn't bring
themselves to sign the paper.
1084
01:16:26,648 --> 01:16:27,748
And...
1085
01:16:30,919 --> 01:16:33,154
That was really very moving.
1086
01:16:39,194 --> 01:16:42,129
This was a community
that I'd given my life to,
1087
01:16:42,197 --> 01:16:43,976
it was the work
I'd given my life to,
1088
01:16:44,000 --> 01:16:45,766
and I saw it breaking apart.
1089
01:16:48,937 --> 01:16:52,306
I had friends who simply
left around that time.
1090
01:16:53,609 --> 01:16:56,054
I remember walking down
the driveway
1091
01:16:56,078 --> 01:17:00,748
and we were all talking about
what was going to happen
1092
01:17:00,815 --> 01:17:06,454
and Corita said to me that she
was going on a sabbatical in Boston.
1093
01:17:07,289 --> 01:17:09,123
[man speaking]
1094
01:17:23,838 --> 01:17:26,841
- Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm.
- Okay, yeah.
1095
01:17:26,908 --> 01:17:29,877
- Um...
- I was shocked when Corita didn't come back.
1096
01:17:32,981 --> 01:17:35,483
[man] She left not only the
order, she left the church.
1097
01:17:36,584 --> 01:17:39,854
She was scandalized by
what had gone on
1098
01:17:39,921 --> 01:17:41,789
and what was done to her
and the others.
1099
01:17:46,662 --> 01:17:51,065
I think she really thought that the
church did not deserve our devotion.
1100
01:17:55,270 --> 01:17:59,140
We did take vows, poverty,
chastity, and obedience.
1101
01:18:00,876 --> 01:18:06,591
But there came a point
where conscience said...
1102
01:18:06,615 --> 01:18:12,853
we will not be dictated to or
shaped by a power that oppresses.
1103
01:18:16,291 --> 01:18:19,493
[woman] I heard someone
comment about us earlier, and by us,
1104
01:18:19,561 --> 01:18:23,698
I mean the sisters, but it wasn't
so important that we survived,
1105
01:18:23,765 --> 01:18:25,766
but that we should
survive with style.
1106
01:18:27,102 --> 01:18:28,703
And that if you
couldn't do it with style,
1107
01:18:28,770 --> 01:18:30,771
it would be better
not to survive.
1108
01:18:38,380 --> 01:18:40,381
[Patrice] I remember sitting
at the table
1109
01:18:40,448 --> 01:18:44,852
and, um, reading it
over and over.
1110
01:18:44,919 --> 01:18:48,923
And I kept saying,
"Hey, I've got to sign this.
1111
01:18:48,990 --> 01:18:50,758
[chuckles] This is it."
1112
01:18:51,326 --> 01:18:52,904
You know?
1113
01:18:52,928 --> 01:18:57,698
And yet, you know, how sad
that this has to happen,
1114
01:18:58,400 --> 01:19:00,601
but I signed it.
1115
01:19:25,026 --> 01:19:27,428
Should I address you
as Sister Kelley,
1116
01:19:27,495 --> 01:19:29,274
or President Kelley today?
1117
01:19:29,298 --> 01:19:32,566
Well, Sister Kelley is
appropriate I think, still.
1118
01:19:32,634 --> 01:19:34,746
How do you think the
Roman Catholic community
1119
01:19:34,770 --> 01:19:36,670
in Los Angeles
will react to this?
1120
01:19:37,305 --> 01:19:38,750
Mixed.
1121
01:19:38,774 --> 01:19:41,753
I think, a number of lay Catholics
would like it to stay the way it was.
1122
01:19:41,777 --> 01:19:44,756
Everything else is moving,
why can't the sisters at least
1123
01:19:44,780 --> 01:19:48,449
stand still and give us
some indication of stability?
1124
01:19:48,516 --> 01:19:51,485
Well, I do think that's
the way to be stable anymore.
1125
01:19:53,455 --> 01:19:55,790
[Mary] We didn't know how
many sisters would sign
1126
01:19:55,857 --> 01:19:57,491
the dispensations of vows.
1127
01:19:58,860 --> 01:20:01,362
But as it turned out,
you know, hundreds did.
1128
01:20:03,331 --> 01:20:05,132
[group singing]
1129
01:20:08,270 --> 01:20:11,783
[man] 315 of the 400
sisters moved out
1130
01:20:11,807 --> 01:20:13,073
of the formal structure
1131
01:20:13,141 --> 01:20:17,545
of the Roman Catholic Church
to establish a secular group.
1132
01:20:17,612 --> 01:20:21,660
Nearly the whole community
dispensed from their vows
1133
01:20:21,684 --> 01:20:25,953
and they were going
to still form a new community.
1134
01:20:26,020 --> 01:20:28,733
That was something
totally novel.
1135
01:20:28,757 --> 01:20:31,670
♪ Turning down sorrow ♪
1136
01:20:31,694 --> 01:20:36,341
We decided that we would
become a lay community,
1137
01:20:36,365 --> 01:20:38,610
devoted to the works
of religion,
1138
01:20:38,634 --> 01:20:43,470
following all the changes that
we had made in the '67 assembly.
1139
01:20:44,305 --> 01:20:45,573
You left the church.
1140
01:20:45,640 --> 01:20:47,953
No, it doesn't mean
we left the church.
1141
01:20:47,977 --> 01:20:49,754
We are still Roman Catholics,
1142
01:20:49,778 --> 01:20:53,647
but we left the formal
structure of religious life.
1143
01:20:53,715 --> 01:20:56,494
That means you are no longer,
in effect then, nuns.
1144
01:20:56,518 --> 01:20:57,451
That's correct.
1145
01:21:04,392 --> 01:21:05,926
[Karol] They look pretty good,
don't they?
1146
01:21:05,994 --> 01:21:07,973
Look at them, some of them
have hairdos even.
1147
01:21:07,997 --> 01:21:12,166
- Mm-hmm.
- Here's Mary Mark, the musician.
1148
01:21:13,535 --> 01:21:17,515
Yeah. Anita, right?
1149
01:21:17,539 --> 01:21:19,050
- Yeah.
- [man] Now, were you in this picture?
1150
01:21:19,074 --> 01:21:21,609
No. I came the next year.
1151
01:21:21,676 --> 01:21:23,811
- Oh, okay.
- Yeah.
1152
01:21:28,750 --> 01:21:32,219
[Karol] You can imagine
how challenging
1153
01:21:32,287 --> 01:21:34,688
it might have been in
the early '70s
1154
01:21:34,756 --> 01:21:39,026
as the community started
tiptoeing into this world.
1155
01:21:39,093 --> 01:21:42,540
♪ You've come a long way, baby ♪
1156
01:21:42,564 --> 01:21:45,633
♪ To get where
you've got to today ♪
1157
01:21:45,700 --> 01:21:52,373
[Sheila] By 1970, although women
had gained certain basic freedoms,
1158
01:21:52,440 --> 01:21:56,176
they still had a much worse
deal of it.
1159
01:21:59,314 --> 01:22:01,515
Susan, I just went
over the bills.
1160
01:22:01,582 --> 01:22:03,450
[Sheila] You know, like,
you can get credit.
1161
01:22:03,518 --> 01:22:05,897
If they went out
to buy a washing machine,
1162
01:22:05,921 --> 01:22:07,588
the husband had to sign for it.
1163
01:22:07,655 --> 01:22:11,458
Boy, here's real emancipation
from old-fashioned chores.
1164
01:22:16,597 --> 01:22:20,401
It was a huge step
no longer to be nuns.
1165
01:22:20,468 --> 01:22:22,536
And we didn't fit into
any category.
1166
01:22:28,343 --> 01:22:30,922
[Ruth] Anita was very smart.
1167
01:22:30,946 --> 01:22:33,280
She advised
all our institutions,
1168
01:22:33,348 --> 01:22:35,527
like the high school
and the college,
1169
01:22:35,551 --> 01:22:37,796
to incorporate separately,
1170
01:22:37,820 --> 01:22:41,155
so that the church
couldn't acquire our property.
1171
01:22:45,626 --> 01:22:47,806
[Sheila] They were able
to keep their property
1172
01:22:47,830 --> 01:22:51,343
like the Immaculate Heart
College and High School,
1173
01:22:51,367 --> 01:22:55,102
Which I think perhaps surprised
McIntyre [laughs] when he found out.
1174
01:22:58,306 --> 01:23:00,552
[Pat] I was teaching at
the college,
1175
01:23:00,576 --> 01:23:04,489
so a lot of the things didn't
really affect me too much.
1176
01:23:04,513 --> 01:23:06,691
But for all the sisters
that were kicked out
1177
01:23:06,715 --> 01:23:09,160
of the parochial school
convents,
1178
01:23:09,184 --> 01:23:13,765
and had to scramble to get
a job, to find a place to live,
1179
01:23:13,789 --> 01:23:17,302
to get a car if they needed it
for transportation,
1180
01:23:17,326 --> 01:23:21,895
I think they're the ones
who experienced the most pain.
1181
01:23:25,333 --> 01:23:27,579
[Lucille] I was a teacher,
1182
01:23:27,603 --> 01:23:30,738
and we were put out
of the school convents.
1183
01:23:30,805 --> 01:23:34,319
People were literally told
to leave the convents.
1184
01:23:34,343 --> 01:23:35,442
They had nowhere to go.
1185
01:23:37,211 --> 01:23:39,713
I'm 48 years old,
I didn't have one cent.
1186
01:23:44,018 --> 01:23:46,153
It was a very difficult time.
1187
01:23:46,220 --> 01:23:50,157
I mean, we had nothing,
you know.
1188
01:23:52,160 --> 01:23:55,273
We were scrambling
to make financial arrangements
1189
01:23:55,297 --> 01:23:59,366
and doing all the things that I would
imagine a divorced person does.
1190
01:24:00,502 --> 01:24:04,038
I think the things
that saved us was that
1191
01:24:04,105 --> 01:24:06,607
there were so many of us
in it together.
1192
01:24:09,644 --> 01:24:14,248
[Karol] In a sense, the challenges
that the community was facing
1193
01:24:14,315 --> 01:24:16,583
fed our change.
1194
01:24:16,651 --> 01:24:20,120
We were impelled
to find our feet.
1195
01:24:26,394 --> 01:24:29,730
We were moving out into
smaller clusters of houses
1196
01:24:29,797 --> 01:24:33,667
where three or four or five
IHMs were living together.
1197
01:24:35,470 --> 01:24:38,716
Whoever had a TV
with the biggest living room,
1198
01:24:38,740 --> 01:24:41,319
everybody gathered
and watched TV.
1199
01:24:41,343 --> 01:24:43,410
[commentator]
Passed the ball for UCLA.
1200
01:24:43,478 --> 01:24:47,081
And some of them were
interested in football or basketball.
1201
01:24:49,817 --> 01:24:54,088
And it just struck me, of
course, they're real women.
1202
01:24:56,958 --> 01:25:00,538
We were finding work
appropriate to our training
1203
01:25:00,562 --> 01:25:04,075
and also to what
we were moved to do.
1204
01:25:04,099 --> 01:25:06,544
[man] Sister Rita Rose Grillo
runs the house
1205
01:25:06,568 --> 01:25:08,368
where four young girls on parole
1206
01:25:08,436 --> 01:25:11,038
can learn to live
in a family setting.
1207
01:25:11,105 --> 01:25:12,973
[woman] For the first time,
I was asked,
1208
01:25:13,040 --> 01:25:14,508
what would you like to do?
1209
01:25:23,384 --> 01:25:25,986
Do you feel in your heart
you may have caused
1210
01:25:26,053 --> 01:25:27,432
damage to the image
of the church?
1211
01:25:27,456 --> 01:25:30,435
No, I would think
that really we have made
1212
01:25:30,459 --> 01:25:34,172
a contribution in opening up
a new kind of community,
1213
01:25:34,196 --> 01:25:37,264
which, in effect, may revive
religious life,
1214
01:25:37,331 --> 01:25:39,967
which is having a pretty
hard struggle right now.
1215
01:25:45,806 --> 01:25:47,307
[church bells ring]
1216
01:25:49,010 --> 01:25:52,457
[choir singing]
1217
01:25:52,481 --> 01:25:56,928
[Sheila] After 1968, there was
this period of reaction
1218
01:25:56,952 --> 01:26:00,320
to the reforms that came
out of Vatican II.
1219
01:26:09,697 --> 01:26:13,767
The Vatican was
very afraid of dissent
1220
01:26:13,834 --> 01:26:15,702
getting out of control.
1221
01:26:15,770 --> 01:26:19,284
♪ Open your heart to the Lord ♪
1222
01:26:19,308 --> 01:26:21,175
The nuns' rebellion may spread
1223
01:26:21,242 --> 01:26:22,543
to other religious communities.
1224
01:26:23,244 --> 01:26:24,444
I like the changes.
1225
01:26:24,512 --> 01:26:26,346
I feel happier.
1226
01:26:27,715 --> 01:26:31,084
I'm scared to death,
but it's worth it.
1227
01:26:36,324 --> 01:26:40,305
Definitively, the period
of renewal was over.
1228
01:26:40,329 --> 01:26:43,830
[chanting in Latin]
1229
01:26:46,868 --> 01:26:53,340
And since that time, the numbers
of nuns have significantly declined.
1230
01:26:56,077 --> 01:27:01,748
There is this general sense
that the church has
1231
01:27:01,816 --> 01:27:03,861
just stood still, but of course,
1232
01:27:03,885 --> 01:27:05,352
you can't really stand still,
1233
01:27:05,419 --> 01:27:08,322
you either change or you
become part of the problem.
1234
01:27:15,162 --> 01:27:17,609
[Cardinal McIntyre] With a
heart full of gratitude and affection,
1235
01:27:17,633 --> 01:27:20,400
I surrender
my official position.
1236
01:27:22,236 --> 01:27:27,552
[Clement] Cardinal McIntyre
retired in January 1970.
1237
01:27:27,576 --> 01:27:29,287
[man] Has the recent controversy
1238
01:27:29,311 --> 01:27:31,845
surrounding the Archdiocese
1239
01:27:31,912 --> 01:27:33,714
had anything to do
with your retirement?
1240
01:27:33,781 --> 01:27:35,082
Absolutely none.
1241
01:27:38,119 --> 01:27:41,989
[Clement] I think his tragic
contest with the Immaculate Hearts
1242
01:27:42,657 --> 01:27:44,091
was his greatest mistake.
1243
01:27:48,663 --> 01:27:52,243
He devastated an entire
community of dedicated,
1244
01:27:52,267 --> 01:27:56,570
holy women, where it could
have been negotiated.
1245
01:28:00,942 --> 01:28:05,145
It was a costly decision, I'm
sure both for him and for us.
1246
01:28:09,617 --> 01:28:12,330
I wish I had the kind of
confidence in what heaven
1247
01:28:12,354 --> 01:28:15,689
is going to be like
that some of my friends have,
1248
01:28:15,756 --> 01:28:17,669
and to know that I will
have a chance
1249
01:28:17,693 --> 01:28:21,361
to shake Cardinal McIntyre's
hand without kissing his ring.
1250
01:28:23,965 --> 01:28:27,534
"And saying, " What really was
going through your mind then?
1251
01:28:32,173 --> 01:28:33,874
"Do you think it all worked out?"
1252
01:29:00,802 --> 01:29:04,137
[Doris] There are about 20
of us who live here.
1253
01:29:04,205 --> 01:29:08,519
Everyone you see is somebody
who stood their ground,
1254
01:29:08,543 --> 01:29:10,388
stood her ground.
1255
01:29:10,412 --> 01:29:15,482
All of us lived through
this whole period of time.
1256
01:29:15,549 --> 01:29:22,356
-Uh, today is my anniversary, and
so 60 years ago today -Oh, wow.
1257
01:29:22,423 --> 01:29:25,359
I entered the Immaculate
Heart community.
1258
01:29:25,426 --> 01:29:29,741
- I lived with you in Santa Barbara.
- Joann and I lived together.
1259
01:29:29,765 --> 01:29:33,834
For a lifetime I've met some
wonderful people, not here, but...
1260
01:29:33,901 --> 01:29:36,536
[laughter]
1261
01:29:38,573 --> 01:29:40,340
I'm just kidding.
1262
01:29:43,711 --> 01:29:45,412
[gentle piano music playing]
1263
01:29:47,448 --> 01:29:50,161
When we formed the new
community, many people said,
1264
01:29:50,185 --> 01:29:52,052
"We'll give it five years,
you know,
1265
01:29:52,119 --> 01:29:53,286
and then it will fall apart."
1266
01:29:56,457 --> 01:30:00,838
[woman] Hopefully all kinds of people
could be members of the community.
1267
01:30:00,862 --> 01:30:03,775
Why not have men members?
Why not have married couples?
1268
01:30:03,799 --> 01:30:06,867
[man] Mr. and Mrs. Nelson
Small have applied for membership
1269
01:30:06,934 --> 01:30:08,646
in the Immaculate Heart
community.
1270
01:30:08,670 --> 01:30:14,775
We started welcoming Christians of
other faiths besides Roman Catholic.
1271
01:30:16,277 --> 01:30:18,979
[woman] We want to leave
ourselves as open as we can.
1272
01:30:19,013 --> 01:30:24,151
And if it can't work, I think
it's just a sign that
1273
01:30:24,218 --> 01:30:25,852
it's bad times for the world.
1274
01:30:30,758 --> 01:30:32,692
[man] This is the day of
the last graduation.
1275
01:30:33,561 --> 01:30:36,196
Immaculate Heart College
is closing.
1276
01:30:39,233 --> 01:30:44,070
Women students were being siphoned
off by co-educational institutions.
1277
01:30:45,306 --> 01:30:47,707
So economics killed us
in the end.
1278
01:30:49,510 --> 01:30:51,111
[exclaims]
1279
01:30:58,886 --> 01:31:01,265
Even though the college closed,
1280
01:31:01,289 --> 01:31:03,824
the high school stayed open
1281
01:31:03,891 --> 01:31:07,761
and the community
continued to grow.
1282
01:31:17,438 --> 01:31:19,806
Stop the death penalty.
1283
01:31:20,641 --> 01:31:23,421
Reform the prisons.
1284
01:31:23,445 --> 01:31:27,647
[all chanting] United,
we'll never be defeated.
1285
01:31:33,053 --> 01:31:35,288
[crowd applauding]
1286
01:31:37,525 --> 01:31:40,771
[Rosa] I had wanted to join
the sisters,
1287
01:31:40,795 --> 01:31:44,931
but it was at a time when the
sisters pretty much disbanded
1288
01:31:44,999 --> 01:31:46,233
and became the community.
1289
01:31:48,669 --> 01:31:53,384
Quite frankly, I ended up just
getting married and having children.
1290
01:31:53,408 --> 01:31:56,587
But I saw that these children
are gonna go on their way
1291
01:31:56,611 --> 01:31:58,478
and I need my life.
1292
01:31:59,814 --> 01:32:04,351
And by that time, the
community was more established
1293
01:32:05,019 --> 01:32:07,220
and I was able to get in.
1294
01:32:08,889 --> 01:32:11,358
[slow music playing]
1295
01:32:27,842 --> 01:32:29,809
[all clapping]
1296
01:32:34,048 --> 01:32:37,317
[indistinct chatter]
1297
01:32:40,655 --> 01:32:45,369
[Karol] About half of the community
now are people who have been
1298
01:32:45,393 --> 01:32:48,128
with the community
the whole time.
1299
01:32:48,195 --> 01:32:52,799
And the other half joined
the community after 1970.
1300
01:32:52,866 --> 01:32:59,606
We work to be a reflection
on Mary because how the church
1301
01:32:59,673 --> 01:33:05,456
sees Mary impacts
how the world sees women.
1302
01:33:05,480 --> 01:33:10,083
[all] ♪ Salve Regina Mater... ♪
1303
01:33:10,150 --> 01:33:13,753
Women in the church are still
struggling for equality,
1304
01:33:13,821 --> 01:33:17,557
so we are fortunate that we
have ordained women priests
1305
01:33:17,625 --> 01:33:19,960
as part of our
Immaculate Heart community.
1306
01:33:20,027 --> 01:33:23,964
[all] Our Father who art in
heaven, hallowed be thy name.
1307
01:33:24,031 --> 01:33:25,765
The Immaculate Heart
sisters taught me
1308
01:33:25,833 --> 01:33:29,013
you must follow your conscience.
1309
01:33:29,037 --> 01:33:32,572
Even if it goes against what
the pope himself has to say.
1310
01:33:45,653 --> 01:33:50,123
If every woman who is
theologically educated leaves
1311
01:33:50,190 --> 01:33:54,928
the Catholic Church,
who will call it to change?
1312
01:33:54,995 --> 01:34:01,045
[all] All glory and honor is
yours, for ever and ever. Amen.
1313
01:34:01,069 --> 01:34:05,338
The movement is a movement.
By definition it keeps going.
1314
01:34:09,410 --> 01:34:13,046
- [indistinct chatter]
- Hi, how are you?
1315
01:34:17,685 --> 01:34:19,953
[all applauding]
1316
01:34:21,689 --> 01:34:23,957
- [woman speaking]
- Yes.
1317
01:34:27,761 --> 01:34:28,895
Yes.
1318
01:34:31,966 --> 01:34:33,366
- [woman] Absolutely.
- [all clapping]
1319
01:34:37,705 --> 01:34:40,774
I was an intern for the
Corita Art Center this summer.
1320
01:34:40,841 --> 01:34:43,821
- Yeah.
- But I'm also an Immaculate Heart alum.
1321
01:34:43,845 --> 01:34:46,880
So, we're long-time fans.
1322
01:35:03,330 --> 01:35:05,532
[Corita] I think that's one of
the best things
1323
01:35:05,599 --> 01:35:06,510
that's happening in the world
1324
01:35:06,534 --> 01:35:08,813
is the fact that we're realizing
1325
01:35:08,837 --> 01:35:11,404
more deeply that awful things
are happening in the world.
1326
01:35:12,573 --> 01:35:14,641
Because we all know
what happens to things
1327
01:35:14,708 --> 01:35:16,843
that are buried under the rug.
1328
01:35:16,910 --> 01:35:20,280
They don't just stay there,
they get worse.
1329
01:35:23,984 --> 01:35:27,765
[Patrice] I get teary-eyed
just thinking about recent
1330
01:35:27,789 --> 01:35:30,423
awful things that happened.
1331
01:35:33,393 --> 01:35:38,398
I remember I burst into tears
when I was watching it on the TV.
1332
01:35:40,534 --> 01:35:43,169
And that just brought back
a lot of memories.
1333
01:35:45,873 --> 01:35:51,878
And I kept saying,
"God, it hasn't changed much."
1334
01:35:54,849 --> 01:35:58,518
But when you bring the
horrible things up to view,
1335
01:36:01,088 --> 01:36:04,591
then you have people who say,
"Let's do something about it."
1336
01:36:05,826 --> 01:36:07,360
And they start to do it."
1337
01:36:10,097 --> 01:36:13,032
[Pat] It's not just a gender
issue for me,
1338
01:36:13,100 --> 01:36:18,149
because I see
the interconnection between
1339
01:36:18,173 --> 01:36:22,153
sexism, racism, ageism,
1340
01:36:22,177 --> 01:36:25,311
homophobia, colonialism.
1341
01:36:25,379 --> 01:36:29,816
All of those forms
of domination are interlinked.
1342
01:36:33,654 --> 01:36:36,122
If our survival is
to be truly stylish,
1343
01:36:36,190 --> 01:36:38,358
the cautions are to
be interjected.
1344
01:36:39,927 --> 01:36:42,506
It is a plea for protest
not without anger,
1345
01:36:42,530 --> 01:36:44,998
but without hatred or contempt.
1346
01:36:47,267 --> 01:36:49,647
Protest exercised
through ridicule,
1347
01:36:49,671 --> 01:36:51,938
no matter how effective,
seems to me
1348
01:36:52,005 --> 01:36:54,774
to be sowing the seeds
of backlash and new hatred.
1349
01:36:58,078 --> 01:37:00,947
Here, at least, today at least,
1350
01:37:01,014 --> 01:37:05,396
our protests ought to be
celebrated in joy.
1351
01:37:05,420 --> 01:37:09,656
Such protest with joy has the power
to transform all who are party to it.
1352
01:37:13,828 --> 01:37:18,498
It was the genesis of an egalitarian
spirit that moved these women.
1353
01:37:19,834 --> 01:37:21,701
It's easier to see that now.
1354
01:37:24,738 --> 01:37:26,573
If you fit in,
you are not a prophet.
1355
01:37:34,348 --> 01:37:35,682
They didn't fit in.
1356
01:37:39,686 --> 01:37:42,655
[Helen] The passion
for justice still drives us.
1357
01:37:47,428 --> 01:37:49,729
May it even until
the end of time.
1358
01:38:43,417 --> 01:38:45,418
["Secret Sister"
by Rufus Wainwright playing]
1359
01:39:07,041 --> 01:39:10,176
♪ Another day begins ♪
1360
01:39:11,912 --> 01:39:17,617
♪ Another flower blooms
How you doin'? ♪
1361
01:39:19,119 --> 01:39:22,388
♪ Secret sister ♪
1362
01:39:26,927 --> 01:39:29,963
♪ Another perfect sun ♪
1363
01:39:31,732 --> 01:39:37,670
♪ Another fallen star
What you thinkin'? ♪
1364
01:39:39,006 --> 01:39:42,976
♪ Secret sister ♪
1365
01:39:46,613 --> 01:39:51,017
♪ The galaxy is wide ♪
1366
01:39:51,084 --> 01:39:57,323
♪ And I still cannot hide
from the roses ♪
1367
01:39:58,759 --> 01:40:03,229
♪ My desire ♪
1368
01:40:06,033 --> 01:40:08,679
♪ We're stepping on
the streets ♪
1369
01:40:08,703 --> 01:40:11,571
♪ We're stepping on
the streets ♪
1370
01:40:11,638 --> 01:40:16,286
- ♪ And all the people's eyes ♪
- ♪ And all the people's eyes ♪
1371
01:40:16,310 --> 01:40:19,178
♪ All we can do is meet ♪
1372
01:40:20,981 --> 01:40:27,987
♪ I'll make... small ♪
1373
01:40:32,059 --> 01:40:35,561
♪ Secret sister ♪
1374
01:40:36,596 --> 01:40:39,665
♪ Secret sister ♪
1375
01:40:41,735 --> 01:40:43,647
♪ Secret sister ♪
1376
01:40:43,671 --> 01:40:46,806
♪ The grass is always green ♪
1377
01:40:48,141 --> 01:40:54,113
♪ Beneath your simple shoes
take me with you ♪
1378
01:40:55,549 --> 01:41:00,386
♪ Secret sister ♪
1379
01:41:03,223 --> 01:41:06,759
♪ I used to think the world ♪
1380
01:41:08,095 --> 01:41:10,741
♪ A sweet and lovely place ♪
1381
01:41:10,765 --> 01:41:14,567
♪ When you couldn't ♪
1382
01:41:15,569 --> 01:41:19,372
♪ From the shadow ♪
1383
01:41:22,242 --> 01:41:27,491
♪ But now the waves have won ♪
1384
01:41:27,515 --> 01:41:34,187
♪ And the fires are come
back to the valley ♪
1385
01:41:34,254 --> 01:41:40,426
♪ Oh, the Immaculate
Conception ♪
1386
01:41:42,930 --> 01:41:45,531
♪ We're stepping
on the streets ♪
1387
01:41:47,668 --> 01:41:52,583
- ♪ In all the people's eyes ♪
- ♪ In all the people's eyes ♪
1388
01:41:52,607 --> 01:41:54,985
♪ And all you can do is meet ♪
1389
01:41:55,009 --> 01:41:57,677
♪ And all we can do is meet ♪
1390
01:41:57,744 --> 01:42:03,850
♪ I'll make
her in the suffering smile ♪
1391
01:42:04,952 --> 01:42:08,087
♪ Let's go down in the midst ♪
1392
01:42:09,823 --> 01:42:14,961
♪ You're covered in my hand ♪
1393
01:42:15,028 --> 01:42:17,897
♪ Where we shall go and meet ♪
1394
01:42:17,964 --> 01:42:19,632
♪ Where we shall go and meet ♪
1395
01:42:19,699 --> 01:42:25,838
♪ I'll meet her
in this troubled land ♪
1396
01:42:30,644 --> 01:42:33,713
♪ Secret sister ♪
1397
01:42:33,780 --> 01:42:40,753
♪ Over troubled land ♪
1398
01:42:42,989 --> 01:42:46,125
♪ Secret sister ♪
1399
01:42:46,193 --> 01:42:53,132
♪ Over troubled land ♪