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Downloaded from
YTS.MX

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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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(low music)
(distant booms)

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The early years of World War II saw
Nazi Germany take control of Europe.

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By late 1941, as Adolf
Hitler continued expanding

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his empire, events in
the Pacific escalated when.

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Imperial Japan and America
became embroiled in conflict

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after the attack on the US
naval fleet at Pearl Harbor.

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(dramatic music)

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As smoke and fire engulfed the naval base

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in Hawaii, America and
its president Franklin D.

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Roosevelt could no
longer stay on the sidelines

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of a war that had been raging
in Europe for over two years.

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(dramatic music)

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On December the 7th, 1941, the
conflict expanded into a truly global war.

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A state of war has existed between the.

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United States and the Japanese Empire.

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This marked the start of a new phase

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in the Second World
War, with America joining

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the fight for what Roosevelt
defined as the four freedoms.

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(dramatic music)

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First was freedom of speech.

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Second, freedom of religion and expression.

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Third, freedom from want.

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And finally, freedom from fear.

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(dramatic music)

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The tale of how a nation that valued
its neutrality and had worked so hard to

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avoid war abroad finally
joined the fight follows

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the journey of Roosevelt, the
man behind the American dream.

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(dramatic music)

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Born on January the 30th, 1882, in Hyde.

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Park, New York, Franklin
Delano Roosevelt was the

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son of James Roosevelt
and Sarah Ann Delano,

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both from wealthy and
well-established New York State families.

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(dramatic music)

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On his mother's side,
Franklin descended from a

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French pilgrim who attempted
the perilous voyage from.

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England to America,
sailing near the Mayflower.

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Delayed by complications en
route, Philippe Delanoy finally

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reached American shores in 1621.

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Two decades later, Klaas van
Roosevelt, James Roosevelt's

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ancestor, sailed from
Holland and arrived in Newer

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Amsterdam, modern-day New York.

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(dramatic music)

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The Roosevelt's were a
powerful family and Franklin

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led a privileged life, studying at one of.

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America's most esteemed
universities, Harvard.

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While there, at the turn of the 20th

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century, his fifth cousin, Theodore
Roosevelt, became president in 1901.

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(dramatic music)

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Theodore quickly became
a hero and role model

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for the younger Roosevelt, who was
inspired by his decisive leadership.

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(dramatic music)

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Shortly after his cousin
took office, Franklin met.

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Theodore's niece, Anna Eleanor
Roosevelt, whom he later married in 1905.

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(dramatic music)

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Eleanor taught Italian and
Jewish immigrant children dance

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in New York's Lower East
Side, exposing Franklin

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to the struggles of America's poor.

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(dramatic music)

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It was a lesson he never forgot, and

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together the couple later
made significant strides in

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improving life for the underprivileged.

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(dramatic music)

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Six years after marrying
Eleanor, Franklin followed in

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his cousin's footsteps, running
for the New York Senate.

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After a successful campaign, he
entered the State House at just 28.

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(dramatic music)

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When Woodrow Wilson
made him Assistant Secretary of

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the Navy in 1913,
Roosevelt formed a lifelong

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connection with the Navy,
becoming a strong proponent

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of the submarine, which
was crucial in countering.

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Germany's growing threat to shipping.

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(dramatic music)

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World War One began in 1914,
but America stayed out until 1917.

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President Wilson had
hoped to maintain peace and

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avoid exposing Americans
to the horrors of trench

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warfare, which had already turned gruesome.

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(dramatic music)

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That changed in 1917,
when a telegram revealed

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that Germany was attempting
to persuade Mexico to

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join a military alliance
against the United States,

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promising to return Texas,
New Mexico, and Arizona.

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(dramatic music)

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After many sleepless nights,
Wilson concluded war was inevitable.

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On April the 6th, 1917, the U.S.

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declared war on Germany,
much to Britain's relief.

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(dramatic music)

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Winston Churchill, First
Lord of the Admiralty at

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the war's outbreak, famously
remarked, there are only

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two ways of winning the war,
and they both begin with an A.

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One was America, the other air power.

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(dramatic music)

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It took a year for the U.S.

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to gather enough
strength to make an impact,

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but by mid 1918,
thousands of American troops

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were arriving in France
daily, helping the Allies

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push the Germans back
and forcing them to surrender.

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(dramatic music)

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During this time, Roosevelt
visited the Western Front

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and Britain, and on July the 29th, 1918,

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he met Winston Churchill,
then Minister of Munitions,

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at a banquet in Gray's Inn, London.

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(dramatic music)

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The encounter was not
pleasant for Roosevelt, who

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later recalled Churchill's
rude behavior, saying he acted

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like a stinker, little suspecting
how their relationship

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would evolve in the future.

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(dramatic music)

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Just three months after Roosevelt's
visit, Germany surrendered,

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and the world rejoiced as the armistice
was signed on November the 11th, 1918.

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(dramatic music)

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But by then, millions had died.

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Over 100,000 Americans
perished, and more than

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200,000 were wounded, leaving many in the.

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U.S. convinced that European
affairs should remain European.

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(dramatic music)

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As America returned to peace,
Roosevelt faced a personal crisis.

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(dramatic music)

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Eleanor discovered his
affair with his social secretary,

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Lucy Mercer, and by 1917, she had moved

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with their five children into a
separate home in Hyde Park.

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(dramatic music)

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However, they overcame
the scandal, and as Lucy

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ended the relationship,
Eleanor remained a loyal and

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devoted wife, later becoming
a major political figure herself.

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(dramatic music)

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As the Roosevelts resolved
their personal struggles, post

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-war America entered an
economic boom, with the.

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Roaring Twenties making the country
a hub of glamour and excitement.

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(dramatic music)

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With a thriving economy,
more people could afford

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luxuries like radios and
cars, and Hollywood emerged

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as an iconic part of American culture.

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(dramatic music)

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Advances in filmmaking made
movies more spectacular than

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ever, giving rise to a new class of

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celebrities, as audiences
flocked to see stars like

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Rudolph Valentino on
Broadway and the silver screen.

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(dramatic music)

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But there was a darker side.

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Prohibition fuelled crime, and
gangsters became as famous

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as Hollywood's brightest stars.

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(dramatic music)

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Despite America's prosperity, the
1920s proved difficult for Roosevelt.

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In 1921, while on holiday
at Campobello Island

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with his family, he contracted polio.

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Suddenly unable to walk, he spent the next

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seven years pursuing
treatments to regain mobility.

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(dramatic music)

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Once again, Eleanor fought for him.

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His mother, Sarah Delano,
believed he would be

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an invalid for life, but Roosevelt
and Eleanor refused to accept defeat.

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(dramatic music)

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Using iron braces on his hips and legs,

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he taught himself to walk short
distances with a cane or an aid.

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(dramatic music)

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His determination was so
strong that when he ran for

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office in 1928, few supporters knew
he relied on a wheelchair in private.

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(dramatic music)

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But just as Roosevelt
secured election as governor,

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America's fortunes took a dramatic turn.

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The most devastating
stock market crash in history

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shook the nation in October 1929.

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(dramatic music)

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The Wall Street Crash marked the start of

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a turbulent era that
affected the entire world.

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(dramatic music)

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Unemployment soared,
millions lost their homes, and as

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the glittering 1920s gave way to the Great.

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Depression, the global economy reeled.

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(dramatic music)

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Germany, already struggling with
massive war reparations, plunged

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into further crisis.

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(dramatic music)

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Against this backdrop, Roosevelt launched
his bid for the presidency in 1932.

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(dramatic music)

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While America was not at war in the

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traditional sense, Roosevelt
approached the economic crisis like

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a battlefield commander.

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I pledge you, I pledge myself to a
new deal for the American people.

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This is more than a political
campaign, it is a call to arms.

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His new deal was a sweeping set of

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policies aimed at tackling
the crisis, rallying the

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public to the voting booths.

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(dramatic music)

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In 1933, a victorious
Roosevelt entered the White.

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House, committed to
relief for the poor, financial

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reform, and economic recovery.

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He introduced the Social
Security system, which remains

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a pillar of American life today, and did

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everything in his power to
lift the country from despair.

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(dramatic music)

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Unfortunately, Roosevelt
was not the only new leader

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to exploit economic
hardship for political gain.

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And far from the US west coast, German

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citizens listened intently
to the speeches of a

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fervent new leader, Adolf Hitler.

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He not only promised
economic recovery, but also

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retribution against those he
deemed responsible for Germany's

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suffering following the First World War.

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(dramatic music)

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Unlike Roosevelt's altruistic reforms,
Hitler pursued self-aggrandizement

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and vengeance, blaming Jews
and communists for Germany's

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downfall and mobilizing violent
Nazi forces for their eradication.

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(dramatic music)

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Across the Atlantic, these
developments largely escaped American

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notice, but soon they too
would confront the horrors of war.

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(dramatic music)

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Globally, unrest escalated,
particularly in 1935 when Italian

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dictator Mussolini invaded
Abyssinia, now Ethiopia.

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(dramatic music)

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A year later, amid fierce Spanish Civil War

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battles, Congress sought to
assure the American public

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of non-involvement, leading
to the Neutrality Act's passage.

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(dramatic music)

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Meanwhile, unemployment declined,
the economy stabilized, and Roosevelt's

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popularity secured his 1937 re-election.

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(dramatic music)

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Yet, international tensions
deepened as Japan invaded China,

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prompting an exodus of
Americans from Shanghai.

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(dramatic music)

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Roosevelt responded with
aid and, on October 5th,

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1937, delivered a speech
at odds with US isolationism.

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(dramatic music)

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The peace, freedom, and security of 90%

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of the world is endangered by 10%,
threatening the collapse of law and order.

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(dramatic music)

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We seek to avoid war, yet
cannot ensure against its effects.

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(dramatic music)

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His words suggested that, for
Roosevelt, war might be inevitable.

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(dramatic music)

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By 1938, Europe's instability
worsened as the Nazis

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seized Austria, the Rhineland,
and Czechoslovakia, facing minimal

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resistance from war-weary
Britain and France.

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(dramatic music)

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British Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain, prioritizing peace, struggled

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with how to confront Hitler.

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(dramatic music)

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Roosevelt, meanwhile, faced
Chamberlain's disdain for Americans, whom

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he saw as brash and unmannered.

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Repeated White House invitations
were declined, straining US -UK relations.

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(dramatic music)

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Ironically, Chamberlain found Hitler
more approachable, even traveling

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to Germany for
appeasement talks as the first

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Nazi rally was broadcast
to millions of Americans.

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(dramatic music)

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Hitler's shrieking rhetoric
and the Nazis' regimented Sieg.

250
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Heil chants alarmed Roosevelt,
who saw war as inevitable.

251
00:19:48,480 --> 00:19:53,680
(dramatic music)

252
00:20:08,200 --> 00:20:10,600
Shocking news arrived
just two months later.

253
00:20:18,320 --> 00:20:21,520
The November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom.

254
00:20:22,480 --> 00:20:26,040
Outraged, Roosevelt publicly
condemned Germany's actions.

255
00:20:29,240 --> 00:20:31,680
The past day's news has
shocked American opinion.

256
00:20:32,320 --> 00:20:35,574
I could scarcely believe such things
could happen in the 20th century.

257
00:20:35,640 --> 00:20:40,214
(dramatic music)

258
00:20:40,280 --> 00:20:42,934
As the world recoiled
from Nazi brutality and.

259
00:20:43,000 --> 00:20:46,374
Hitler's defiance of the
Versailles Treaty, Roosevelt sought

260
00:20:46,440 --> 00:20:47,854
clarity on his ambitions.

261
00:20:47,920 --> 00:20:53,120
(dramatic music)

262
00:20:54,680 --> 00:20:58,974
In April 1939, he telegrammed
Hitler, demanding assurances

263
00:20:59,040 --> 00:21:01,574
that Germany had no
intention of invading 31

264
00:21:01,640 --> 00:21:05,174
nations, questioning why
the Nazis resorted to tactics

265
00:21:05,240 --> 00:21:08,254
reminiscent of the Huns and Vandals 1,500

266
00:21:08,320 --> 00:21:09,254
years earlier.

267
00:21:09,320 --> 00:21:14,520
(dramatic music)

268
00:21:16,520 --> 00:21:18,494
A copy was sent to Mussolini and the

269
00:21:18,560 --> 00:21:22,174
message was broadcast in America,
hoping to sway public sentiment.

270
00:21:22,240 --> 00:21:27,440
(dramatic music)

271
00:21:29,720 --> 00:21:32,280
Hitler's response was a
furious two-hour speech,

272
00:21:32,720 --> 00:21:36,374
denying aggressive intent while
launching a scathing attack on Roosevelt.

273
00:21:36,440 --> 00:21:41,640
(dramatic music)

274
00:21:43,600 --> 00:21:46,974
Hitler's duplicity was evident,
but Roosevelt could do

275
00:21:47,040 --> 00:21:48,640
little beyond watching and waiting.

276
00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:55,814
Despite strained US-UK
relations, Roosevelt sought to

277
00:21:55,880 --> 00:22:01,374
strengthen ties by hosting King George
VI and Queen Elizabeth in June 1939.

278
00:22:01,440 --> 00:22:06,854
(dramatic music)

279
00:22:06,920 --> 00:22:09,974
Their visit bolstered
Britain's image in America as

280
00:22:10,040 --> 00:22:12,094
they toured the New York World's Fair and

281
00:22:12,160 --> 00:22:14,854
the First World War's Tomb
of the Unknown Soldier.

282
00:22:14,920 --> 00:22:20,120
(dramatic music)

283
00:22:20,480 --> 00:22:24,840
However, both Roosevelt and the
King understood Hitler's looming threat.

284
00:22:25,640 --> 00:22:28,734
As the royal couple departed,
Roosevelt wished them

285
00:22:28,800 --> 00:22:32,534
well, but just 11 weeks
later, Britain was at war.

286
00:22:32,600 --> 00:22:37,800
(dramatic music)

287
00:22:54,600 --> 00:22:58,414
On September 1st, 1939,
Roosevelt was awoken by

288
00:22:58,480 --> 00:23:00,600
a call from the US ambassador in Warsaw.

289
00:23:01,360 --> 00:23:03,094
Germany had invaded Poland.

290
00:23:03,160 --> 00:23:08,360
(dramatic music)

291
00:23:09,520 --> 00:23:12,254
Understanding the gravity
of this act, Roosevelt simply

292
00:23:12,320 --> 00:23:14,534
responded, God help us all.

293
00:23:14,600 --> 00:23:19,800
(dramatic music)

294
00:23:20,120 --> 00:23:23,000
Two days later, Britain
and France declared war,

295
00:23:23,360 --> 00:23:26,134
marking the start of a
six-year global conflict.

296
00:23:26,200 --> 00:23:30,294
(dramatic music)

297
00:23:30,360 --> 00:23:35,400
I am speaking to you from the
cabinet room in Downing Street.

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00:23:36,640 --> 00:23:40,854
This morning, the British
ambassador in Berlin handed

299
00:23:40,920 --> 00:23:45,334
the German government
a final note, stating that

300
00:23:45,400 --> 00:23:48,000
unless we heard from them by this...

301
00:23:58,880 --> 00:24:01,294
I have to tell you now that no

302
00:24:01,360 --> 00:24:05,200
such undertaking has been
received and that consequently

303
00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:08,960
this country is at war with Germany.

304
00:24:11,520 --> 00:24:14,654
Though Roosevelt assured
Americans of neutrality, he urged

305
00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:16,400
them not to remain neutral in thought.

306
00:24:21,760 --> 00:24:26,414
However, most Americans opposed
European intervention, sympathizing with.

307
00:24:26,480 --> 00:24:28,960
Britain and France, but
considering it their problem.

308
00:24:29,040 --> 00:24:33,774
(dramatic music)

309
00:24:33,840 --> 00:24:35,600
I say we ought to keep hands off,

310
00:24:35,960 --> 00:24:40,040
let them take care of
themselves, and count me out.

311
00:24:41,040 --> 00:24:46,014
Yet, Anglo-American relations found an
unexpected saviour in Winston Churchill.

312
00:24:46,080 --> 00:24:50,094
(dramatic music)

313
00:24:50,160 --> 00:24:53,694
Reappointed First Lord of the
Admiralty, the day war was declared.

314
00:24:53,760 --> 00:24:57,974
(dramatic music)

315
00:24:58,040 --> 00:25:01,920
Despite past tensions, Roosevelt
eagerly corresponded with Churchill,

316
00:25:02,520 --> 00:25:05,374
relieved to find a proactive ally
in Chamberlain's government.

317
00:25:05,440 --> 00:25:10,640
(dramatic music)

318
00:25:13,360 --> 00:25:16,974
While Roosevelt's neutrality
declaration kept America officially out

319
00:25:17,040 --> 00:25:19,574
of war, covert preparations began.

320
00:25:19,640 --> 00:25:24,840
(dramatic music)

321
00:25:27,200 --> 00:25:31,160
In October 1939, leading
Americans convened in Panama,

322
00:25:31,680 --> 00:25:34,720
establishing a security zone
extending miles into the sea.

323
00:25:34,800 --> 00:25:39,574
(dramatic music)

324
00:25:39,640 --> 00:25:42,654
That same month, Albert
Einstein, a refugee from

325
00:25:42,720 --> 00:25:46,400
Nazi Germany, warned Roosevelt
of Germany's nuclear ambitions,

326
00:25:47,080 --> 00:25:50,534
prompting the formation of an
advisory committee on uranium.

327
00:25:50,600 --> 00:25:53,014
(dramatic music)

328
00:25:53,080 --> 00:25:56,294
Meanwhile, European nations
continued to fall under Nazi

329
00:25:56,360 --> 00:26:00,214
control, and America observed
Britain and France's ineffectual

330
00:26:00,280 --> 00:26:02,974
attempts to halt German
advances into Denmark and

331
00:26:03,040 --> 00:26:06,440
Norway, while Stalin's Red
Army marched into Finland.

332
00:26:09,760 --> 00:26:12,534
Reports of Jewish
persecution also intensified.

333
00:26:12,600 --> 00:26:16,934
(dramatic music)

334
00:26:17,000 --> 00:26:19,454
Writers like John Steinbeck
and Eugene O'Neill

335
00:26:19,520 --> 00:26:23,734
condemned Nazi antisemitism,
joined by Hollywood stars Fred

336
00:26:23,800 --> 00:26:25,360
Astaire and Bette Davis.

337
00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:32,214
By June 1940, Nazi
forces had stormed through

338
00:26:32,280 --> 00:26:36,374
Holland, Belgium and into France, leading
to Neville Chamberlain's resignation.

339
00:26:36,440 --> 00:26:39,654
(dramatic music)

340
00:26:39,720 --> 00:26:45,000
On May 10th, 1940, Winston Churchill
became Britain's wartime Prime Minister.

341
00:26:45,880 --> 00:26:48,640
As Paris fell, Churchill
appealed to Roosevelt.

342
00:26:49,520 --> 00:26:53,200
The US voice and power may
count for nothing if delayed too long.

343
00:26:54,160 --> 00:26:58,054
With Hitler targeting Britain, Churchill
desperately requested American

344
00:26:58,120 --> 00:27:01,894
military aid, especially following
the Dunkirk evacuation's heavy

345
00:27:01,960 --> 00:27:04,894
equipment losses in May-June 1940.

346
00:27:04,960 --> 00:27:09,294
(dramatic music)

347
00:27:09,360 --> 00:27:12,854
Though Roosevelt provided
Churchill's requests, he doubted even.

348
00:27:12,920 --> 00:27:16,614
Churchill's rousing speeches
could sustain British morale against

349
00:27:16,680 --> 00:27:17,534
Nazi aggression.

350
00:27:17,600 --> 00:27:22,800
(dramatic music)

351
00:27:25,320 --> 00:27:28,574
However, Churchill's decisive
attack on the French fleet

352
00:27:28,640 --> 00:27:32,400
at Oran, preventing its capture
by Germany, impressed Roosevelt.

353
00:27:36,720 --> 00:27:40,014
He responded by offering
Churchill 50 destroyers in

354
00:27:40,080 --> 00:27:44,360
exchange for 99-year leases on British
Caribbean and Newfoundland bases.

355
00:27:47,480 --> 00:27:49,894
Yet, while Roosevelt
was willing to help, the

356
00:27:49,960 --> 00:27:51,974
American public remained unconvinced.

357
00:27:52,040 --> 00:27:57,240
(dramatic music)

358
00:27:57,720 --> 00:28:01,974
Charles Lindbergh, aviation
hero and staunch isolationist, led

359
00:28:02,040 --> 00:28:05,160
the America First movement,
arguing against US involvement.

360
00:28:05,280 --> 00:28:10,480
(dramatic music)

361
00:28:17,000 --> 00:28:19,854
Having visited Germany
in the 1930s and received

362
00:28:19,920 --> 00:28:22,680
an award from Luftwaffe
commander Hermann Göring,

363
00:28:31,600 --> 00:28:34,374
Lindbergh viewed Soviet
Russia as a greater threat than

364
00:28:34,440 --> 00:28:39,014
Hitler and feared a European crusade
would doom Western civilization.

365
00:28:39,080 --> 00:28:44,280
(dramatic music)

366
00:28:51,720 --> 00:28:54,934
His stance found support among
prominent businessmen, authors

367
00:28:55,000 --> 00:28:58,800
and celebrities, including Walt
Disney and actress Lillian Gish.

368
00:28:59,760 --> 00:29:01,400
Even future president John F.

369
00:29:01,520 --> 00:29:03,960
Kennedy sent Lindbergh
a telegram of support.

370
00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:08,414
Convinced of Lindbergh's Nazi
sympathies, Roosevelt ordered an

371
00:29:08,480 --> 00:29:12,120
FBI investigation, but no
incriminating evidence surfaced.

372
00:29:12,240 --> 00:29:17,134
(dramatic music)

373
00:29:17,200 --> 00:29:21,014
As Roosevelt struggled against
public opposition, Hitler unleashed

374
00:29:21,080 --> 00:29:22,320
the Luftwaffe on Britain.

375
00:29:23,480 --> 00:29:26,934
Millions of Americans followed
events via radio broadcasts,

376
00:29:27,000 --> 00:29:28,574
captivated by the Battle of Britain.

377
00:29:28,640 --> 00:29:33,840
(dramatic music)

378
00:29:34,120 --> 00:29:36,254
Journalist Edward
Murrow played a key role in

379
00:29:36,320 --> 00:29:39,294
bringing the Blitz into
American homes, reporting live

380
00:29:39,360 --> 00:29:41,654
from London's rooftops
amid bombs and air raid

381
00:29:41,720 --> 00:29:46,134
sirens, even capturing the hurried
footsteps of civilians fleeing to shelters.

382
00:29:46,200 --> 00:29:51,014
(dramatic music)

383
00:29:51,080 --> 00:29:55,494
At a time when survival was uncertain
from one day to the next, so long and

384
00:29:55,560 --> 00:29:57,960
good luck became the
standard British farewell.

385
00:30:00,440 --> 00:30:02,854
This soon found its way
into Murrow's programs

386
00:30:02,920 --> 00:30:05,894
as he concluded each
broadcast with the poignant

387
00:30:05,960 --> 00:30:08,120
phrase, good night and good luck.

388
00:30:10,480 --> 00:30:13,374
Americans were visibly
moved by Britain's plight and

389
00:30:13,440 --> 00:30:15,080
public sentiment slowly shifted.

390
00:30:17,640 --> 00:30:19,454
Some refused to wait for a change in

391
00:30:19,520 --> 00:30:22,254
US foreign policy and
risked everything to fight

392
00:30:22,320 --> 00:30:26,094
for freedom long before such
selfless service was requested.

393
00:30:26,160 --> 00:30:29,894
(dramatic music)

394
00:30:29,960 --> 00:30:33,854
Between June 1940 and
December 41, several hundred

395
00:30:33,920 --> 00:30:37,654
Americans volunteered for
the RAF, helping defend Britain

396
00:30:37,720 --> 00:30:38,840
in the Battle of Britain.

397
00:30:43,120 --> 00:30:46,054
Fighter pilots, navigators
and air gunners faced a

398
00:30:46,120 --> 00:30:48,974
10-year prison sentence,
loss of US citizenship

399
00:30:49,040 --> 00:30:52,480
and a $20,000 fine under American law.

400
00:30:55,080 --> 00:30:58,360
Many brave volunteers claimed
to be Canadian to avoid discovery.

401
00:31:02,520 --> 00:31:06,320
Some perished in battle and were among
the few the British owed their lives to.

402
00:31:06,880 --> 00:31:09,374
As Britain fought on,
Roosevelt prepared at home

403
00:31:09,440 --> 00:31:14,614
with the Selective Service Act, requiring
all men aged 21 to 36 to register.

404
00:31:14,680 --> 00:31:18,614
(dramatic music)

405
00:31:18,680 --> 00:31:24,014
However, over 6,000 local draft boards
decided fitness and deferment claims.

406
00:31:24,080 --> 00:31:28,080
(dramatic music)

407
00:31:28,760 --> 00:31:31,774
While men queued for
examination, Roosevelt reassured the

408
00:31:31,840 --> 00:31:34,534
public, insisting he wouldn't
send Americans into a

409
00:31:34,600 --> 00:31:38,374
European war, framing it as
preparation for national defence.

410
00:31:38,440 --> 00:31:42,440
(dramatic music)

411
00:31:45,240 --> 00:31:47,320
He couldn't afford to lose public favour.

412
00:31:47,840 --> 00:31:49,080
He had an election to win.

413
00:31:53,560 --> 00:31:56,574
After two terms, Roosevelt
pursued a third, an

414
00:31:56,640 --> 00:31:59,120
unprecedented move in
US presidential history.

415
00:32:02,920 --> 00:32:08,094
Out of 48 states, he won all but 10,
with 27 million voters returning him to

416
00:32:08,160 --> 00:32:10,254
the White House in November 1940.

417
00:32:10,320 --> 00:32:14,320
(dramatic music)

418
00:32:17,680 --> 00:32:20,574
As Roosevelt presided over
Congress, he remained determined

419
00:32:20,640 --> 00:32:24,574
to aid Britain, describing the
US as an arsenal for democracy.

420
00:32:24,640 --> 00:32:28,640
(dramatic music)

421
00:32:29,240 --> 00:32:34,294
His uplifting speech in early 1941 became
synonymous with the American dream.

422
00:32:34,360 --> 00:32:38,360
(dramatic music)

423
00:32:38,720 --> 00:32:43,160
In his State of the Union address, he
proposed four essential human freedoms.

424
00:32:45,880 --> 00:32:48,880
Freedom of speech and
expression, freedom of worship,

425
00:32:49,640 --> 00:32:52,014
freedom from want, and freedom from fear.

426
00:32:52,080 --> 00:32:56,080
(dramatic music)

427
00:32:57,040 --> 00:32:59,640
A world built on these
freedoms, Roosevelt believed,

428
00:33:00,040 --> 00:33:03,480
was the antithesis of the
so-called new order of tyranny.

429
00:33:05,040 --> 00:33:07,494
Principles worth fighting for at any cost.

430
00:33:07,560 --> 00:33:11,560
(dramatic music)

431
00:33:12,480 --> 00:33:14,960
Roosevelt soon had his chance to act when,

432
00:33:15,160 --> 00:33:17,880
one month later, Churchill
made a passionate appeal.

433
00:33:21,040 --> 00:33:23,440
Give us the tools and
we will finish the job.

434
00:33:23,520 --> 00:33:27,520
(dramatic music)

435
00:33:28,560 --> 00:33:32,734
In response, in March 1941,
Congress passed Roosevelt's.

436
00:33:32,800 --> 00:33:35,920
Lend-Lease Act, which did
exactly as Churchill requested.

437
00:33:37,200 --> 00:33:40,094
By then, Britain had
fought relentlessly for nine

438
00:33:40,160 --> 00:33:42,160
months and desperately needed supplies.

439
00:33:42,800 --> 00:33:44,080
Secretary of War Henry L.

440
00:33:44,240 --> 00:33:47,240
Stimson told the Senate,
we are buying, not lending.

441
00:33:47,880 --> 00:33:50,534
We are buying our own
security while we prepare.

442
00:33:50,600 --> 00:33:54,600
(dramatic music)

443
00:33:55,920 --> 00:33:58,374
The Lend-Lease policy
proved invaluable to the.

444
00:33:58,440 --> 00:34:02,094
Allies, later extending to
Russia as Hitler turned on Stalin.

445
00:34:02,160 --> 00:34:06,160
(dramatic music)

446
00:34:07,680 --> 00:34:12,494
By mid-1941, the U.S. was committed
to aiding the Allies short of war.

447
00:34:12,560 --> 00:34:16,560
(dramatic music)

448
00:34:16,960 --> 00:34:19,614
U.S. convoys protected
Allied shipping and U.

449
00:34:19,680 --> 00:34:22,734
.S. aircraft carriers secretly
ferried British fighter planes

450
00:34:22,800 --> 00:34:26,254
to Mediterranean war zones,
escalating the conflict globally.

451
00:34:26,320 --> 00:34:30,320
(dramatic music)

452
00:34:35,720 --> 00:34:38,094
As Europe and America
drew battle lines, Japan

453
00:34:38,160 --> 00:34:40,920
became an increasing threat
in the Northern Hemisphere,

454
00:34:41,520 --> 00:34:44,120
triggering dramatic shifts
in U.S. foreign policy.

455
00:34:44,200 --> 00:34:48,200
(dramatic music)

456
00:34:50,320 --> 00:34:53,054
When Japan invaded
French Indochina, U.S. aid

457
00:34:53,120 --> 00:34:55,574
routes to China were at risk and American.

458
00:34:55,640 --> 00:34:58,000
Pacific territories faced encirclement.

459
00:35:02,080 --> 00:35:04,654
The Philippines, Americans
since Spain's defeat in the

460
00:35:04,720 --> 00:35:06,774
late 19th century, were in jeopardy.

461
00:35:06,840 --> 00:35:10,840
(dramatic music)

462
00:35:14,120 --> 00:35:17,614
A historic 1935 meeting
between Roosevelt and Filipino.

463
00:35:17,680 --> 00:35:22,694
President Manuel Quezon had
set a path to independence by 1945.

464
00:35:22,760 --> 00:35:26,760
(dramatic music)

465
00:35:28,360 --> 00:35:30,974
But with Japan advancing,
the small nation faced

466
00:35:31,040 --> 00:35:33,974
grave danger and Roosevelt's
response set in motion

467
00:35:34,040 --> 00:35:36,334
events that would change the war's course.

468
00:35:36,400 --> 00:35:40,400
(dramatic music)

469
00:35:50,760 --> 00:35:54,814
In July 1941, Roosevelt
froze all Japanese assets

470
00:35:54,880 --> 00:35:57,174
in the U.S. Britain and the Netherlands

471
00:35:57,240 --> 00:36:00,094
followed, making it nearly
impossible for Japan to

472
00:36:00,160 --> 00:36:02,174
buy oil, essential for expansion.

473
00:36:02,240 --> 00:36:06,240
(dramatic music)

474
00:36:10,920 --> 00:36:14,080
Since America supplied 95% of Japan's oil,

475
00:36:14,600 --> 00:36:16,414
the embargo was catastrophic.

476
00:36:16,480 --> 00:36:20,480
(dramatic music)

477
00:36:26,720 --> 00:36:29,880
In response, on the 14th of August 1941,

478
00:36:30,680 --> 00:36:32,800
Roosevelt and Churchill met face to face.

479
00:36:33,200 --> 00:36:34,894
Their past differences set aside.

480
00:36:34,960 --> 00:36:38,960
(dramatic music)

481
00:36:39,680 --> 00:36:44,400
At long last, Mr. President, Churchill
exclaimed, shaking Roosevelt's hand.

482
00:36:46,640 --> 00:36:50,214
It was their first meeting since 1918 and

483
00:36:50,280 --> 00:36:52,014
marked the beginning of a great friendship.

484
00:36:52,080 --> 00:36:55,574
(dramatic music)

485
00:36:55,640 --> 00:36:57,774
Their four-day meeting aboard a ship off.

486
00:36:57,840 --> 00:37:01,974
Newfoundland focused on war
aims, resulting in the Atlantic Charter.

487
00:37:02,040 --> 00:37:05,214
(dramatic music)

488
00:37:05,280 --> 00:37:08,174
This historic agreement
declared that neither the United.

489
00:37:08,240 --> 00:37:11,814
States nor the United
Kingdom sought territorial gains.

490
00:37:11,880 --> 00:37:15,880
(dramatic music)

491
00:37:23,800 --> 00:37:27,814
Churchill deeply respected
Roosevelt, later saying, I felt

492
00:37:27,880 --> 00:37:31,974
I was in contact with a very great
man who was also a warm-hearted friend

493
00:37:32,040 --> 00:37:35,454
and the foremost champion of
the high causes which we served.

494
00:37:35,520 --> 00:37:39,520
(dramatic music)

495
00:37:40,240 --> 00:37:42,974
Still, the meeting did
not bring America into

496
00:37:43,040 --> 00:37:45,400
the war as Stalin and Churchill had hoped.

497
00:37:46,160 --> 00:37:48,534
Yet for Japan, the Atlantic Charter and the

498
00:37:48,600 --> 00:37:51,600
oil embargo were seen
as a declaration of war.

499
00:37:51,680 --> 00:37:55,680
(dramatic music)

500
00:38:06,560 --> 00:38:10,454
Facing existential threats, Japan
held an imperial conference in

501
00:38:10,520 --> 00:38:15,854
Tokyo in September 1941, attended
by the emperor and senior officials.

502
00:38:15,920 --> 00:38:19,920
(dramatic music)

503
00:38:21,160 --> 00:38:23,840
Hitler was eager to pursue
his European ambitions,

504
00:38:24,320 --> 00:38:27,494
but anything that delayed
US involvement was beneficial.

505
00:38:27,560 --> 00:38:31,374
(dramatic music)

506
00:38:31,440 --> 00:38:34,294
He encouraged Japan to
attack British-occupied Singapore

507
00:38:34,360 --> 00:38:37,694
and India to divert America's
attention from Europe.

508
00:38:37,760 --> 00:38:41,760
(dramatic music)

509
00:38:49,280 --> 00:38:52,294
Consequently, Hitler pledged
to declare war on America

510
00:38:52,360 --> 00:38:56,214
if Japan acted, a move that
ultimately proved disastrous for him.

511
00:38:56,280 --> 00:39:00,280
(dramatic music)

512
00:39:03,400 --> 00:39:06,054
He believed America, with
prominent pro-Nazi figures

513
00:39:06,120 --> 00:39:09,920
like Lindbergh and a public favouring
neutrality, wouldn't pose a threat.

514
00:39:10,320 --> 00:39:12,134
It was a serious miscalculation.

515
00:39:12,200 --> 00:39:16,200
(dramatic music)

516
00:39:18,680 --> 00:39:22,094
Meanwhile, US-Japanese
peace talks baffled the German

517
00:39:22,160 --> 00:39:24,494
ambassador, who doubted their sincerity.

518
00:39:24,560 --> 00:39:28,560
(dramatic music)

519
00:39:33,360 --> 00:39:35,614
The US offered Japan a final peace deal,

520
00:39:35,680 --> 00:39:40,614
promising to lift embargoes on oil and
steel if Japan withdrew from Indochina.

521
00:39:40,680 --> 00:39:44,680
(dramatic music)

522
00:39:47,760 --> 00:39:52,080
Prime Minister Konoe offered to meet
Roosevelt in Hawaii, despite the risks.

523
00:39:54,840 --> 00:39:56,974
He even proposed a pact under which Japan

524
00:39:57,040 --> 00:39:59,574
would avoid war with America, even if US

525
00:39:59,640 --> 00:40:02,254
actions led to war with
Germany, violating the

526
00:40:02,320 --> 00:40:04,614
tripartite pact with Hitler and Mussolini.

527
00:40:04,680 --> 00:40:08,680
(dramatic music)

528
00:40:15,320 --> 00:40:16,840
But Konoe's efforts failed.

529
00:40:17,560 --> 00:40:20,320
The Japanese military was set on war.

530
00:40:21,320 --> 00:40:25,934
On 7 December 1941,
Japan sent notification that

531
00:40:26,000 --> 00:40:27,840
all negotiations had collapsed.

532
00:40:31,240 --> 00:40:33,040
By the time it reached the White House,

533
00:40:33,480 --> 00:40:36,934
Roosevelt and the American people
already knew peace was no longer an option.

534
00:40:37,000 --> 00:40:41,000
(dramatic music)

535
00:40:43,880 --> 00:40:46,734
At 8am on Sunday, 7 December, as the

536
00:40:46,800 --> 00:40:49,854
Hawaiian sun shone
lazily over the Pacific, a

537
00:40:49,920 --> 00:40:52,040
sinister shadow emerged on the horizon.

538
00:40:53,240 --> 00:40:56,400
Swarms of Japanese fighter
planes approached Pearl Harbour.

539
00:40:56,480 --> 00:41:00,480
(dramatic music)

540
00:41:10,720 --> 00:41:14,454
Before sailors could mount a defence,
explosions and gunfire shattered

541
00:41:14,520 --> 00:41:15,400
the morning calm.

542
00:41:15,480 --> 00:41:19,480
(dramatic music)

543
00:41:21,000 --> 00:41:24,960
Bombs, torpedoes and bullets
devastated the US naval force.

544
00:41:25,720 --> 00:41:28,254
Amid the smoke and
chaos, thousands of military

545
00:41:28,320 --> 00:41:30,094
personnel and civilians perished.

546
00:41:30,160 --> 00:41:33,654
(dramatic music)

547
00:41:33,720 --> 00:41:36,720
Roosevelt now had the
mandate to lead America into war.

548
00:41:37,400 --> 00:41:39,974
Speculation remains that
the attack was not entirely

549
00:41:40,040 --> 00:41:42,654
a surprise to him when
news of the carnage arrived.

550
00:41:42,720 --> 00:41:46,720
(dramatic music)

551
00:41:57,200 --> 00:41:59,494
By the next morning in
Washington, thousands had

552
00:41:59,560 --> 00:42:02,614
gathered outside the White House,
awaiting Roosevelt's response

553
00:42:02,680 --> 00:42:03,880
to the horrific attack.

554
00:42:06,880 --> 00:42:10,600
His words would be etched into
history, as would the event itself.

555
00:42:10,920 --> 00:42:13,614
And he did not disappoint
the Allies, rallying

556
00:42:13,680 --> 00:42:18,040
his arsenal of democracy to take up
arms against the Empire of the Rising Sun.

557
00:42:19,320 --> 00:42:26,334
And dastardly attacked by
Japan on Sunday, December

558
00:42:26,400 --> 00:42:33,814
7th, 1941, a state of war has

559
00:42:33,880 --> 00:42:40,200
existed between the United
States and the Japanese Empire.

560
00:42:40,320 --> 00:42:44,320
(dramatic music)

561
00:42:45,440 --> 00:42:48,614
On December 8th, Roosevelt
declared that the United.

562
00:42:48,680 --> 00:42:51,534
States had suddenly and
deliberately been attacked by.

563
00:42:51,600 --> 00:42:54,494
Japan's naval and air forces, and no matter

564
00:42:54,560 --> 00:42:57,214
how long it took, America
would defend itself

565
00:42:57,280 --> 00:43:00,134
to the utmost, ensuring
this act of treachery

566
00:43:00,200 --> 00:43:02,174
would never again threaten the USA.

567
00:43:02,240 --> 00:43:06,240
(dramatic music)

568
00:43:15,440 --> 00:43:18,614
Roosevelt's fiercest critics
now favoured war, and the

569
00:43:18,680 --> 00:43:21,774
nation, which had long
upheld neutrality, united behind

570
00:43:21,840 --> 00:43:24,640
the President as America
entered the Second World War.

571
00:43:24,960 --> 00:43:28,014
Battles on the continent of Europe, and the

572
00:43:28,080 --> 00:43:32,360
Japanese on the continent of Asia,
and on the islands of the Pacific.

573
00:43:33,400 --> 00:43:35,894
Yet even as Roosevelt
spoke, thousands of miles

574
00:43:35,960 --> 00:43:39,440
away, the Philippines suddenly
came under Japanese attack,

575
00:43:39,520 --> 00:43:42,174
and it fell to Field Marshal
Douglas MacArthur

576
00:43:42,240 --> 00:43:45,254
to lead American and
Filipino troops, who fought

577
00:43:45,320 --> 00:43:48,254
together to defend these
strategically vital islands.

578
00:43:48,320 --> 00:43:52,320
(dramatic music)

579
00:43:53,880 --> 00:43:57,094
Aligned with Japan, the Axis Pact now drove

580
00:43:57,160 --> 00:44:01,160
Germany and Italy to declare
war on America on December 11th.

581
00:44:04,080 --> 00:44:06,534
And as the USA joined the Allies, Churchill

582
00:44:06,600 --> 00:44:09,374
was eager to meet
Roosevelt to discuss war plans.

583
00:44:09,440 --> 00:44:13,440
(dramatic music)

584
00:44:15,160 --> 00:44:18,854
Just before Christmas
1941, the two great leaders

585
00:44:18,920 --> 00:44:21,694
met again, and within
the White House, Churchill

586
00:44:21,760 --> 00:44:24,574
created his own war
room, covering the walls

587
00:44:24,640 --> 00:44:27,360
with maps as British
administrators filled the corridors.

588
00:44:30,680 --> 00:44:34,414
During the Arcadia Conference,
Roosevelt and Churchill strategised

589
00:44:34,480 --> 00:44:37,494
their next moves, forming
an informal alliance between

590
00:44:37,560 --> 00:44:41,334
the USA, Great Britain,
China, and the Soviet Union.

591
00:44:41,400 --> 00:44:45,400
(dramatic music)

592
00:44:45,600 --> 00:44:48,094
Their objectives were to
halt German advances in

593
00:44:48,160 --> 00:44:51,014
Russia and North Africa,
launch a Western European

594
00:44:51,080 --> 00:44:54,254
invasion to crush Germany
between two fronts, while

595
00:44:54,320 --> 00:44:56,574
also aiding China and defeating Japan.

596
00:44:56,640 --> 00:45:00,640
(dramatic music)

597
00:45:02,680 --> 00:45:05,694
Christmas Eve 1941
would be the only occasion

598
00:45:05,760 --> 00:45:08,854
Roosevelt and Churchill
addressed the public together, united

599
00:45:08,920 --> 00:45:10,454
in their pledge to fight for a free

600
00:45:10,520 --> 00:45:14,174
and decent world, and to remember
those serving in the armed forces.

601
00:45:14,240 --> 00:45:18,240
(dramatic music)

602
00:45:32,800 --> 00:45:36,800
Fine sentiments indeed, but in
the Pacific, the battle was relentless.

603
00:45:38,320 --> 00:45:40,214
Hong Kong fell to the
Japanese on Christmas.

604
00:45:40,280 --> 00:45:43,334
Day, followed quickly
by Manila, the capital of

605
00:45:43,400 --> 00:45:46,480
the Philippines, though fierce
fighting continued for four months.

606
00:45:47,040 --> 00:45:49,854
The Japanese also advanced
towards Malaya and the

607
00:45:49,920 --> 00:45:51,960
Dutch East Indies at an alarming pace.

608
00:45:56,560 --> 00:46:00,054
Nevertheless, for Churchill
and Britain, America's entry into

609
00:46:00,120 --> 00:46:01,920
the war was a great advantage.

610
00:46:05,480 --> 00:46:09,134
By January 1942, American
soldiers began arriving in.

611
00:46:09,200 --> 00:46:12,814
Britain, with numbers increasing
dramatically in the years ahead.

612
00:46:12,880 --> 00:46:16,880
(dramatic music)

613
00:46:20,000 --> 00:46:22,614
The American GIs made
a significant impact on

614
00:46:22,680 --> 00:46:25,814
British life, arriving with
gifts for women, particularly

615
00:46:25,880 --> 00:46:29,294
stockings, leading disgruntled
British men to describe them

616
00:46:29,360 --> 00:46:32,454
as over-sexed, overpaid, and over-here.

617
00:46:32,520 --> 00:46:36,520
(dramatic music)

618
00:46:39,000 --> 00:46:41,894
However, the Americans
responded with a jibe at.

619
00:46:41,960 --> 00:46:46,134
Britain's famously unorthodox
commander, Bernard Montgomery, saying the.

620
00:46:46,200 --> 00:46:49,294
Tommies were under-sexed,
underpaid, and under-Monty.

621
00:46:49,360 --> 00:46:53,360
(dramatic music)

622
00:46:55,240 --> 00:46:57,680
Although many American
troops were stationed in Britain,

623
00:46:58,160 --> 00:46:59,974
the majority at this time were sent to

624
00:47:00,040 --> 00:47:02,574
the Pacific to counter
Japan's ongoing assault.

625
00:47:02,640 --> 00:47:06,640
(dramatic music)

626
00:47:10,440 --> 00:47:14,120
In early 1942, the Japanese
began bombing Singapore,

627
00:47:14,640 --> 00:47:17,800
one of the British Empire's key
commercial and military centres.

628
00:47:19,040 --> 00:47:22,574
On February 8th, 23,000
Japanese troops stormed

629
00:47:22,640 --> 00:47:25,494
the island, and to Churchill's
horror, Singapore fell

630
00:47:25,560 --> 00:47:29,974
by February 15th, which he
called Britain's greatest defeat.

631
00:47:30,040 --> 00:47:34,040
(dramatic music)

632
00:47:39,080 --> 00:47:41,560
In the Pacific, American General Dwight D.

633
00:47:41,680 --> 00:47:43,814
Eisenhower did all he could to get aid

634
00:47:43,880 --> 00:47:46,120
to the struggling Philippines, but failed.

635
00:47:49,400 --> 00:47:52,294
The presidential palace in
Manila was occupied, and

636
00:47:52,360 --> 00:47:55,414
with 80,000 prisoners of
war captured, horrifying

637
00:47:55,480 --> 00:47:58,400
reports of their brutal
treatment soon reached the USA.

638
00:47:58,480 --> 00:48:02,480
(dramatic music)

639
00:48:05,160 --> 00:48:07,534
Filipino and American
troops were forced to march

640
00:48:07,600 --> 00:48:10,800
105km to a prison camp in the north,

641
00:48:11,440 --> 00:48:14,200
an ordeal now known as
the Bataan Death March.

642
00:48:17,880 --> 00:48:21,134
An estimated 10,000 Filipinos and 1,200

643
00:48:21,200 --> 00:48:24,920
Americans died en route from
starvation, thirst, and torture.

644
00:48:29,680 --> 00:48:33,814
The American press widely
reported the atrocity, sparking outrage.

645
00:48:33,880 --> 00:48:37,880
(dramatic music)

646
00:48:38,960 --> 00:48:41,840
Within months, the Japanese
controlled Burma, Malaya,

647
00:48:42,080 --> 00:48:45,280
Thailand, French Indochina,
and the Malay Archipelago.

648
00:48:47,760 --> 00:48:50,214
The Philippines president
and his cabinet fled to

649
00:48:50,280 --> 00:48:52,094
Washington to form a government in exile.

650
00:48:52,160 --> 00:48:56,160
(dramatic music)

651
00:49:00,160 --> 00:49:02,654
While war raged in the
Pacific, Eisenhower was

652
00:49:02,720 --> 00:49:05,440
appointed head of the
European Theatre of Operations,

653
00:49:06,080 --> 00:49:09,094
his first mission being to
implement Operation Torch.

654
00:49:09,160 --> 00:49:13,160
(dramatic music)

655
00:49:16,520 --> 00:49:19,214
Devised by Roosevelt and
Churchill, the plan aimed

656
00:49:19,280 --> 00:49:23,240
to seize French North Africa as a
base to drive Italy out of the war.

657
00:49:23,320 --> 00:49:27,320
(dramatic music)

658
00:49:28,280 --> 00:49:32,920
From Gibraltar, Eisenhower directed
Operation Torch, targeting Algeria,

659
00:49:33,120 --> 00:49:36,094
Morocco, and Tunisia,
marking the first major joint

660
00:49:36,160 --> 00:49:38,734
operation between
American and British forces.

661
00:49:38,800 --> 00:49:42,800
(dramatic music)

662
00:49:46,960 --> 00:49:49,934
It was also where Eisenhower
encountered General Bernard

663
00:49:50,000 --> 00:49:53,160
Montgomery, affectionately
called Monty by his men.

664
00:49:56,520 --> 00:50:00,174
By February 1943, Eisenhower
was made responsible for

665
00:50:00,240 --> 00:50:03,454
the British Eighth Army under
Montgomery's command, revealing

666
00:50:03,520 --> 00:50:06,360
tensions not only between
British and American troops,

667
00:50:06,760 --> 00:50:08,734
but also at the highest ranks.

668
00:50:08,800 --> 00:50:12,800
(dramatic music)

669
00:50:16,000 --> 00:50:17,847
Montgomery frustrated the Americans by

670
00:50:17,913 --> 00:50:20,120
disregarding strategies
that didn’t suit him,

671
00:50:22,560 --> 00:50:26,160
leading to clashes with US generals
George Patton and Omar Bradley.

672
00:50:29,560 --> 00:50:33,054
Although Bradley remained
courteous, Patton was as contentious

673
00:50:33,120 --> 00:50:37,774
as Montgomery, earning the nickname
Old Blood and Guts from his troops.

674
00:50:37,840 --> 00:50:41,840
(dramatic music)

675
00:50:45,080 --> 00:50:48,854
On one occasion, Eisenhower had
to intervene to save Patton's career.

676
00:50:48,920 --> 00:50:52,920
(dramatic music)

677
00:50:53,160 --> 00:50:56,374
While visiting wounded American
soldiers in hospital, Patton

678
00:50:56,440 --> 00:51:00,734
shocked onlookers by slapping two
young privates, accusing them of cowardice.

679
00:51:00,800 --> 00:51:04,800
(dramatic music)

680
00:51:06,480 --> 00:51:09,014
Though their injuries were
invisible, they were suffering

681
00:51:09,080 --> 00:51:12,280
from shell shock, now known
as post-traumatic stress.

682
00:51:13,280 --> 00:51:16,894
Public outcry led many to
demand Patton's resignation.

683
00:51:16,960 --> 00:51:20,960
(dramatic music)

684
00:51:25,360 --> 00:51:28,534
But on Eisenhower's advice,
he apologised before being

685
00:51:28,600 --> 00:51:31,934
temporarily relieved of
duty, later returning as a

686
00:51:32,000 --> 00:51:33,760
key general in Europe's liberation.

687
00:51:39,160 --> 00:51:41,974
Following victory in North
Africa, Eisenhower led forces

688
00:51:42,040 --> 00:51:44,720
into Italy, which soon fell to the Allies.

689
00:51:45,720 --> 00:51:50,454
By 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill,
recognising Eisenhower's tactical

690
00:51:50,520 --> 00:51:53,600
brilliance, placed him in
charge of Operation Overlord,

691
00:51:54,040 --> 00:51:56,414
the European invasion beginning with D-Day.

692
00:51:56,480 --> 00:52:00,480
(dramatic music)

693
00:52:06,200 --> 00:52:09,094
Eisenhower was tasked with
organising one million combat

694
00:52:09,160 --> 00:52:11,320
troops and two million support personnel.

695
00:52:16,480 --> 00:52:21,080
On 6 June 1944, the
Normandy beaches, Sword,

696
00:52:21,400 --> 00:52:25,454
Juno, Gold, Omaha and
Utah witnessed the beginning

697
00:52:25,520 --> 00:52:27,280
of World War II's final chapter.

698
00:52:31,280 --> 00:52:34,800
By early 1945, victory
was inevitable for the Allies.

699
00:52:35,360 --> 00:52:36,734
It was just a matter of time.

700
00:52:36,800 --> 00:52:40,800
(dramatic music)

701
00:52:46,080 --> 00:52:48,854
However, for Roosevelt,
fate had a cruel twist

702
00:52:48,920 --> 00:52:53,120
in store for the man who had done
so much to defeat Hitler's axis of evil.

703
00:52:53,200 --> 00:52:57,200
(dramatic music)

704
00:53:01,000 --> 00:53:04,974
On 30 March 1945,
Roosevelt travelled to Warm

705
00:53:05,040 --> 00:53:09,320
Springs to rest before attending the
founding conference of the United Nations.

706
00:53:09,400 --> 00:53:13,400
(dramatic music)

707
00:53:15,160 --> 00:53:19,854
On 12 April, he was taken to his bedroom
with a severe headache and died later

708
00:53:19,920 --> 00:53:22,454
that day from a massive
cerebral haemorrhage.

709
00:53:22,520 --> 00:53:26,520
(dramatic music)

710
00:53:32,920 --> 00:53:34,934
Less than a month later, on 8 May

711
00:53:35,000 --> 00:53:39,654
1945, America and Europe
celebrated Roosevelt's long-fought

712
00:53:39,720 --> 00:53:41,654
victory as Germany surrendered.

713
00:53:41,720 --> 00:53:45,720
(dramatic music)

714
00:53:54,240 --> 00:53:57,414
In the United States, V-E Day
celebrations were dedicated

715
00:53:57,480 --> 00:54:02,640
to Roosevelt's memory with flags kept
at half-mast for a 30-day mourning period.

716
00:54:03,800 --> 00:54:06,814
Churchill hailed him as
the greatest American friend

717
00:54:06,880 --> 00:54:09,134
and the greatest champion of freedom.

718
00:54:09,200 --> 00:54:13,200
(dramatic music)

719
00:54:21,040 --> 00:54:23,920
It was the end of an era
and a new age was beginning.

720
00:54:24,640 --> 00:54:26,934
The man who now carried
Roosevelt's arsenal of

721
00:54:27,000 --> 00:54:30,160
democracy forward was Vice
President Harry S Truman,

722
00:54:30,600 --> 00:54:33,574
who would lead America
through the war's final chapters.

723
00:54:33,640 --> 00:54:37,640
(dramatic music)

724
00:54:43,320 --> 00:54:47,174
The conflict in the Pacific
ended in August 1945 with

725
00:54:47,240 --> 00:54:49,880
atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

726
00:54:51,000 --> 00:54:54,094
The West rejoiced at
peace, but the devastation

727
00:54:54,160 --> 00:54:56,174
in the East marked the dawn of a

728
00:54:56,240 --> 00:54:59,334
new era in warfare as
history's deadliest weapon

729
00:54:59,400 --> 00:55:01,134
finally forced Japan's surrender.

730
00:55:01,200 --> 00:55:05,200
(dramatic music)