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"Antioch, Year 13 AH"

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You know, gentlemen, that there are four armies

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stationed at Hums, Damascus, Busra and Arabah in Palestine.

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Each army is between seven and ten thousand.

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In total they number no more than thirty thousand.

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They are lightly armed: swords, spears and arrows.

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They ride horses and camels. Their loads and supplies of food are not plentiful.

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Their capital is too far to supply them with food after they have entered our land.

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Why have they divided themselves in four armies and four areas

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when their numbers are small in relation to our armies?

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They know that numerically we have much larger forces.

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They felt that by dividing themselves in this way,

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they force us to divide our forces. They are lighter of movement than us.

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Therefore, it will be easy for them to change their positions

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as suits the situation they are facing. It is easy for one army to join another

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at a suitable moment.

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This time they are not after booty. They want to take our land.

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Shall we, then, divide our forces to face theirs,

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fighting each one of their armies at its position,

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cutting the roads between them to prevent their assembly?

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This is what they want.

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My plan is to keep our first army in Palestine where it is. It is 70.000-strong. Its task...

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is to restrict their army now in Arabah and Palestine and prevent its movement.

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It should also try to finish it off.

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Our second army stationed in Antioch should move in its full force, 200.000,

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to face their three other armies, one at a time.

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Amr Ibn Al-Aas was right

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when he advised that our armies should congregate at Busra and Yarmuk,

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before the Byzantines attacked them one at a time.

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Were they to remain apart, none could be a match to such a large force.

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Their quick movement has helped them to congregate

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before the Byzantines could reach any of them, except for Amr's army.

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The Byzantine army stationed in Palestine restricted its movement and prevented it

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from joining Abu Ubaidah, Yazeed and Shurahbeel

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at the plain where they are stationed at Yarmuk.

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It was only a short while before the larger Byzantine army arrived

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and encamped in a nearby plain.

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Why have the two armies refrained from fighting so far?

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I do not know. Perhaps both are apprehensive,

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content to launch a raid and maintain their grounds.

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I suspect that Abu Ubaidah is hoping that Amr may be able to manoeuvre

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his way to join him, giving him good reinforcement.

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Yes, and may be the Byzantines...

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are waiting for their army in Palestine to finish Amr's army and join them.

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I shall make the Byzantines forget who they are, sending them Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed.

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Do you mean to dispatch Khalid from Al-Heerah to Syria?

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I will do, right now.

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What about Iraq: who will hold it after Khalid?

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Al-Muthanna Ibn Harithah.

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I will order Khalid to divide the army between the two of them.

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They are no more than twenty thousand there.

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Can Al-Muthanna hold Iraq with ten thousand men only?

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Until we have finished with the Byzantines.

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We will then return the forces that come with Khalid.

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And if the Syrian affair takes too long?

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It may be that God is giving us a great opportunity

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bringing the bulk of the Byzantine forces into Yarmuk

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so that it will be a great decisive battle.

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If we win, we would have broken their force in one go,

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- unlike the case of the Persians. - I am not sure.

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I fear that if Al-Muthanna is left with half the army,

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the Persians might be tempted to attack him.

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We could lose what we have gained there.

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Well, we are not in riches.

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We have to take things as they are,

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weighing up the pros and cons of each alternative.

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The Byzantines have amassed all their forces against us,

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and most of our forces are there. We do not have much time.

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Should the Byzantines prevail, God forbids,

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we do not know what will happen to us after that.

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Such a defeat will undermine our people's confidence here and in Iraq,

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and the Persians will get the message.

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But if we defeat the Byzantines, the present superpower,

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the Persians will be demoralized further.

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We can then send them one army after another, as will suit us.

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You are certainly right, Caliph.

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But, who will be the overall commander if Khalid joins our forces in Syria?

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- Khalid. - You make him commander...

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when Abu Ubaidah, the trustee of our nation, is among them?

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And over myself and you in war, Umar.

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I know that Abu Ubaidah is better than Khalid

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and he has the advantage of joining Islam early,

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but Khalid has an insight in war that eludes Abu Ubaidah

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and all other commanders. Abu Ubaidah is a man with a soft heart.

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He has no fear of death,

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but my fear is that he might take a precipitate action that may lead to a loss.

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Amr Ibn Al-Aas is a wise schemer,

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but the fear is that he may spend too long in calculating risks.

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His action might then be too slow. Ikrimah, Yazeed and Shurahbeel are all very daring,

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but none is like Khalid in planning and managing situations.

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Besides, none of them fought a major decisive battle, as Khalid did.

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Khalid, on the other hand, combines a cat's patience with a lion's leap.

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He is fast and daring but not rash. He perfects his plan...

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and fights well. Why wouldn't I give him the command?

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Abu Ubaidah will not feel aggrieved to be under Khalid.

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He is one who looks for no personal gain in this life.

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He has set out to fight for God's cause, not to be a commander.

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We need to consider two things together:

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a shorter distance so that we can reach our brothers in Busra as quickly as possible,

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The other consideration is that the route should have no enemy forces...

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and no populated areas, so that I can move behind the Byzantine forces.

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Let us now consider the possible routes and choose the most suitable.

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The fourth route goes through Ain Al-Nimr, Qaraqir, Suwa, Arak, Palmyra, Al-Qaryatain,

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Al-Ghootah, Busra.

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There are neither Byzantine nor Persian forts on this route.

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We can reach Busra without encountering the enemy. It is also a short route,

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but it means that we will have to go through barren desert,

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without water or meadows, for five days and nights

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until we reach Suwa. After that it will be easy.

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- You seem to prefer this last route? - I know that it is very risky.

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Our great enemy here is the burning sun and the lack of water or meadows

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for five days.

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But if we can find a way to help us against this enemy,

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it is the best route to take us to our destination in the shortest possible time.

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If we are held up on the way and the enemy attacks our brothers in Syria,

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the calamity, if they lose the battle, will be greater than our own calamity.

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Rafi', what do you think? You are our guide.

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I went through this route once with my father, when I was a young lad.

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By God, a single rider fears for his life.

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How can it be tolerated by an army with its horses and heavy loads?

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Let us find a solution for the problem of water.

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Nothing else stops us from taking this route.

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I am not sure. The water is needed for us and for the horses,

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and we cannot carry enough water for both purposes.

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If our mounts perish, we perish with them.

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I am not sure.

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Tell us what you are thinking of; may God guide you.

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We may be able to carry the water we need to drink.

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We can economise in what we drink until we reach Suwa.

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There's water in it. As for the water for the horses,

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let us choose fat camels and keep them thirsty for a few days,

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then we take them to the water to drink their fill.

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We will then tighten their lips and cover their mouths so that they do not regurgitate.

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When the need arises, we slaughter some of them.

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The soldiers will eat their meat and we give the water inside them to the horses

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to drink after we mix it with some of their milk.

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"Yarmuk"

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- Peace be to you with God's mercy. - And to you be peace with God's mercy.

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Has Khalid sent you? How is he? When will he arrive, God willing?

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He sent me from Al-Heerah before he began his march.

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To Abu Ubaidah Ibn Al-Jarrah from Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed. Peace be to you.

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I received the Caliph's letter in which he has ordered me to march to Syria

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and to command its armies.

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By God, I neither sought nor wished this. Nor did I write to him regarding this.

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You stay in the same position you have: your orders are obeyed

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and your views are upheld. No matter will be decided without consulting you.

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You are a leading figure among the Muslims whose standing is undeniable

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and whose views are indispensable. May God perfect to you and me His blessings

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and may He spare us the torment of hell. Peace be to you with God's blessings.

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We have already received the Caliph's order.

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May God bless what he has decided and all greetings are due to Khalid.

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- What is this? - It is from Khalid to all soldiers.

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Read it to the people.

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To God's soldiers in Syria, from Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed.

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I received the Caliph's letter instructing me to come and join you.

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I have already started on my way.

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It will not be long before my horses will appear amidst you, with our men.

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So be steadfast and expect the fulfillment of God's promise and His rich reward.

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May God protect us all by good faith, and may He strengthen our belief in Islam.

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Peace be to you all.

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Rejoice and glorify God.

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God is supreme. God is supreme.

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God is supreme. God is supreme.

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God is supreme. God is supreme.

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Abu Sulaiman has not disappointed me. All praise be to God.

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I continued to pray to God to enable him to reach his destination

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before the Byzantines attack our people there. Now my worries are over.

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How ingenious! No army ever went through that route.

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He managed to reach the people in 18 days.

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He covered that barren stretch in five nights.

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No one other than Khalid could have done that.

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God guided you to do the right thing by him, Abu Bakr.

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Certainly, none other than Khalid will do that.

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I do praise God, as you do, for enabling him to reach his destination

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before the Byzantines attack our people.

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God spared his army the great danger involved in crossing that area.

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Had he consulted me, I would have counseled him against it.

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Khalid, however, takes his own decisions with little care.

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But he got through it by God's grace, losing not a single soldier.

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They were on the verge of death, had it not been for God's grace.

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- God gave them the water. - We praise God for that.

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The one who does not thank people is ungrateful to God.

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Indeed. I do admire Khalid's dedication, intelligence and far-sightedness.

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Had he been alone, I would not have felt anything but admiration towards him.

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He requires people to do what he can do, but they may be unable to do that,

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as they include some who are weak.

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Therefore, I admire his ability

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and feel sympathy for his men because of his excessive daring and bravery.

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They have come through grave danger this time, and I cannot be sure the next time.

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If his daring is combined with Abu Ubaidah's kindness, the two will be moderated.

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Like Abu Bakr is moderated by Umar Ibn Al-Khattab.

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By God, he is so much like you. Limitless is God in His glory,

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two similar persons may meet but move in opposite directions.

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Umar,

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Where is the man who combines all perfect qualities?

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They were combined in the person of God's messenger (peace be upon him).

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As for us, we try our best, and one of us moderates the other.

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This is what we did when we sent Khalid to Syria,

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to combine his daring and military talent with Abu Ubaidah's rational kindness.

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This would have been fine, had Abu Ubaidah been the overall leader

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and Khalid undertook the war management.

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My Lord, this is what I could determine with my best effort.

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I only sought to serve the interests of the Muslims well.

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If I did well, accept it from me; and if I have erred, forgive me.

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Lead the prayer today, Umar. I do not think I will be able to come out.

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May God protect you from all harm, Caliph? How do you feel?

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It is old age, Umar. I hope to be well, God willing.

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- God is supreme. - God is supreme.

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- God is supreme. - God is supreme.

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- God is supreme. - God is supreme.

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I do not understand this. The Arabs move out of Busra and go to Palestine

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to take our first army by surprise and finish it off,

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then they all come back to Yarmuk, where our first army is stationed,

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but it makes no move? How come?

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Lord of mankind, take away the hardship.

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Cure the illness, for You are the only one who cures.

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Come closer.

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Listen to what I say.

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You see my complaint.

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I think that it will be my end.

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God has freed you of your pledges of loyalty to me and left you free,

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able to determine your choice.

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Choose for your leader whomever you wish.

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If you choose your leader while I am alive,

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you will not disagree after I am gone.

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Where to, Abu Hafs?

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Consult among yourselves and choose one of you.

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I agree to whomever you choose. All of you are suitable, God willing.

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As for me, I would rather be left out of it. I prefer to be free.

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By God, you have put the responsibility on me, saying:

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our view is your view. Every one of you is trying to stay away from it.

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I know that it is a heavy responsibility.

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No one of us knows whether at the end one is left with something good or bad.

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Yet it is a duty; indeed the most important of all duties.

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Without a leader, who will ensure that people will have their rights,

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and who will ensure that the society works together to achieve well goals?

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00:25:15,759 --> 00:25:19,119
We have agreed to accept your choice, Caliph.

238
00:25:19,240 --> 00:25:21,480
How about counseling and consultation, then?

239
00:25:21,599 --> 00:25:24,359
Name whom you choose and we will give you our advice.

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We will not refrain from giving you honest counsel.

241
00:25:26,799 --> 00:25:29,759
Then when we all agree to the choice,

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00:25:29,880 --> 00:25:34,360
you nominate him to the public for their consent.

243
00:25:38,200 --> 00:25:41,720
Tell me about Umar Ibn Al-Khattab.

244
00:25:41,839 --> 00:25:47,000
You are asking me about something you know better than me.

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00:25:47,119 --> 00:25:49,559
Never mind! Tell me.

246
00:25:50,279 --> 00:25:53,119
By God, he is better than what you think of him.

247
00:25:55,720 --> 00:25:59,759
Umar! You are the one who knows him best.

248
00:25:59,880 --> 00:26:04,840
- Nevertheless, Abu Abdullah. - My knowledge of Umar...

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00:26:04,960 --> 00:26:07,680
is that what he harbours within himself is better than what he puts out in public.

250
00:26:07,799 --> 00:26:10,200
He has no equal among us.

251
00:26:12,599 --> 00:26:15,719
May God bless you. You are certainly fair.

252
00:26:15,839 --> 00:26:20,720
We cannot say anything but good about him. Anyone who hates him must be a hypocrite.

253
00:26:20,839 --> 00:26:25,839
God's messenger (Peace be upon him) said of him

254
00:26:25,960 --> 00:26:33,920
that whenever Satan sees him going along a certain road,

255
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he takes a different one.

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- Peace be to you. - And to you too.

257
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Abu Bakr, good counsel is offered for God's sake and His messenger

258
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and for the interests of the Muslims.

259
00:27:03,200 --> 00:27:05,240
A person who is consulted must act honestly.

260
00:27:05,359 --> 00:27:10,519
I will not hesitate to express my view, even if it will not please you.

261
00:27:12,960 --> 00:27:17,880
Umar is hard and strict. I fear that he may be too hard for people.

262
00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:21,480
What will you say to God if He questions you

263
00:27:21,599 --> 00:27:24,399
about appointing Umar when you know his hardness?

264
00:27:26,440 --> 00:27:30,920
Sit me up! Sit me up!

265
00:27:34,519 --> 00:27:37,440
Are you scaring me of God's questioning?

266
00:27:37,559 --> 00:27:41,119
Anyone who shoulders injustice as a result of managing you is a miserable failure.

267
00:27:41,680 --> 00:27:47,240
If God questions me, I will say that I nominated the best of Your people.

268
00:27:48,720 --> 00:27:53,920
As for his hardness, it is all because he finds me soft.

269
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When he is in charge, he will abandon much of that.

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You people, you will soon be in riches.

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And it will be as God's messenger said:

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"I do not fear poverty for you. I fear that the world riches are extended to you,

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as they were extended to nations before you,

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and that you will compete for them as they did.

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Thus, they will lead to your ruin as they were ruined."

276
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You certainly need someone like Umar,

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who cares little for what this world offers. He is strict in defending what is right,

278
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and he fears no censure by any critic...

279
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And... I asked you to choose one of you,

280
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but you came back to say that you will approve my choice.

281
00:28:52,400 --> 00:28:58,120
When I have chosen the best one I know, some people are taking it hard.

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Take it easy; may God bless you. Taking it so will tire you.

283
00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:07,680
On this matter, people are of two types: one sees your point of view

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and he is in support, or one who disagrees with you and he is hard on you.

285
00:29:12,279 --> 00:29:14,359
Your man is as you love him to be.

286
00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:17,240
What we know is that you only want what is good for the nation.

287
00:29:17,359 --> 00:29:19,879
You have always been good and seeking the best.

288
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Yes, by God Almighty.

289
00:29:25,799 --> 00:29:28,119
You have always been good, seeking the best.

290
00:29:41,240 --> 00:29:47,000
What brings you out, Caliph, when you are in this condition?

291
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Won't you take care of yourself?

292
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Muslim people, listen to me.

293
00:29:56,400 --> 00:29:59,600
Do you accept the one I have chosen to succeed me?

294
00:30:00,519 --> 00:30:05,400
By God I have spared no effort in making the right choice.

295
00:30:05,519 --> 00:30:08,359
I did not appoint one who is related to me.

296
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I am appointing Umar Ibn Al-Khattab.

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- If you accept him, then obey him. - We accept. We listen and obey.

298
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My God, You know that my only wish is to ensure their welfare.

299
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I feared a split, and did what You know well.

300
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I did my best to make the right choice, and chose their best

301
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and the one who is most able to undertake the task.

302
00:30:45,799 --> 00:30:48,759
He is the keenest one to ensure what is best for them.

303
00:31:14,559 --> 00:31:19,359
You consulted people about me, but you did not consult me about myself.

304
00:31:19,480 --> 00:31:22,000
By God, I do not want it.

305
00:31:22,119 --> 00:31:25,399
Had I known that you want it, I would not have nominated you.

306
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Relieve me, Abu Bakr.

307
00:31:28,559 --> 00:31:32,639
By God, I will not. The Prophet's companions have agreed to you.

308
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If I have no option but to force you by the sword to accept, I would do so.

309
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Therefore, keep quiet and come closer.

310
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Fear God, Umar.

311
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Remember that those whose scales are preponderant on the Day of Judgement

312
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achieve this only by pursuing what is right during their lifetime.

313
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When the right is placed on the scales tomorrow, it will rightly be preponderant.

314
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When you remember the people of Paradise, say to yourself:

315
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I fear that I might not be joining them.

316
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And when you remember the people of hell, say to yourself:

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I hope that I will not be with them.

318
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In this way, you will be hopeful and apprehensive at the same time.

319
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You will neither be complacent nor despair of God's grace.

320
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Be kind to the Muslims. Always rule in fairness, even against yourself.

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I sincerely hope that God will bring about great victory

322
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and much goodness through you.

323
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If I die, make sure to invite people to join Al-Muthanna's army before the evening.

324
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If I die during the night, make sure to do that before the morning is out.

325
00:32:56,920 --> 00:33:04,600
If God grants victory to the commanders in Syria, send Khalid's men back to Iraq,

326
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as they are its people,

327
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and they are brave and good fighters.

328
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How much I long to be in the Prophet's company.

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In the name of God, the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful.

330
00:33:38,720 --> 00:33:43,720
This is the last order made by Abu Bakr Ibn Abi Quhafah

331
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as he is about to depart this life and start his future life.

332
00:33:50,000 --> 00:33:52,039
It is the time when an unbeliever will believe,

333
00:33:52,160 --> 00:33:56,600
a sinner will sincerely repent, and a liar will state the truth.

334
00:33:56,720 --> 00:34:01,360
I have appointed Umar Ibn Al-Khattab to be your ruler after me.

335
00:34:01,480 --> 00:34:04,160
Listen to what he says and obey him.

336
00:34:06,960 --> 00:34:09,960
I have spared no effort in making the right choice,

337
00:34:10,079 --> 00:34:13,880
giving good counsel for God and His messenger, and choosing well for Muslims.

338
00:34:14,000 --> 00:34:19,039
If he maintains justice, that is what is expected from him.

339
00:34:19,159 --> 00:34:23,159
If otherwise, everyone will bear the burden of his deeds.

340
00:34:23,280 --> 00:34:26,840
I only wish your goodness, but I do not know what will come in future.

341
00:34:26,960 --> 00:34:28,760
"Those who are bent on wrongdoing will in time know

342
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what an evil turn their destiny will surely take."

343
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We will obey.

344
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Come closer, Umar.

345
00:34:47,320 --> 00:34:49,400
Give us your hand to give you our pledges of loyalty.

346
00:35:05,320 --> 00:35:12,559
Aishah, none of my household I love more dearly than you.

347
00:35:12,679 --> 00:35:16,359
I once gave you an orchard as a gift.

348
00:35:16,480 --> 00:35:21,679
I feel some reluctance about it. Put it back in my estate.

349
00:35:26,199 --> 00:35:29,119
Ever since I assumed my position...

350
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I have taken nothing from the property of the Muslim state

351
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except what is rightfully mine.

352
00:35:37,119 --> 00:35:43,239
We only ate...

353
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and dressed just what is enough to keep us going.

354
00:35:48,679 --> 00:35:54,719
We received nothing from what the Muslims gained in war,

355
00:35:54,840 --> 00:36:01,000
except for the camel we use to draw water and that velvet cloth.

356
00:36:01,119 --> 00:36:07,799
When I die, send them to Umar and take neither of them.

357
00:36:12,760 --> 00:36:17,760
Umar kept insisting...

358
00:36:17,880 --> 00:36:21,640
until he assigned for me a salary from the treasury

359
00:36:21,760 --> 00:36:24,400
after I was chosen Caliph,

360
00:36:24,519 --> 00:36:27,320
so that I would be free to attend to the business of the Muslim community.

361
00:36:30,119 --> 00:36:33,119
I have an orchard in southern Madinah.

362
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This orchard is equivalent to what I received in salary.

363
00:36:35,760 --> 00:36:40,880
Give the orchard to Umar to put it in the public treasury,

364
00:36:42,519 --> 00:36:45,840
so that I owe nothing to anyone,

365
00:36:46,880 --> 00:36:51,559
and no one can say a word against me after I am gone.

366
00:37:00,280 --> 00:37:07,160
"Monday 21 Jumada II, 13 AH"

367
00:37:07,280 --> 00:37:09,760
O Successor of God's messenger

368
00:37:12,400 --> 00:37:20,360
You have burdened your people with a heavy load,

369
00:37:23,159 --> 00:37:26,519
and you have made it too hard for them to follow your example.

370
00:37:28,679 --> 00:37:30,960
How can any one catch up with you?

371
00:37:32,199 --> 00:37:35,079
To God we all belong; and to Him we all return.

372
00:37:36,280 --> 00:37:38,680
May God bestow His mercy on you, Abu Bakr.

373
00:37:40,599 --> 00:37:44,960
You were God's messenger's intimate friend,

374
00:37:45,079 --> 00:37:48,639
confidante, consultant and closest companion.

375
00:37:49,920 --> 00:37:54,880
God's messenger rightly described you as weak in body,

376
00:37:55,000 --> 00:37:58,400
strong in whatever relates to the divine faith.

377
00:37:58,519 --> 00:38:02,679
May God give you the company of Muhammad, His messenger.

378
00:38:02,800 --> 00:38:07,160
May He reward you and us, and may he protect us from error after you have gone.

379
00:38:07,280 --> 00:38:09,760
True. All you said is true, Abu Al-Hasan.

380
00:38:19,119 --> 00:38:26,559
The only one I love to meet God with a record similar to his is this man.

381
00:38:27,719 --> 00:38:31,599
Shall we bury him next to God's messenger, Abu Al-Hasan?

382
00:38:31,719 --> 00:38:34,599
This was his will, may God forgive him.

383
00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:19,920
What a heavy responsibility you will be shouldering, Umar.

384
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Well, well.

385
00:39:26,639 --> 00:39:30,319
You will either follow the footsteps of your two departed companions,

386
00:39:31,679 --> 00:39:33,839
or else you will come to ruin.

387
00:39:37,559 --> 00:39:42,000
My Lord, since You have given me such a heavy burden to carry,

388
00:39:43,599 --> 00:39:51,159
grant me strength to shoulder it. I have no strength of my own.

389
00:39:53,119 --> 00:39:56,000
All power and strength come from You.

390
00:40:25,440 --> 00:40:28,440
I noticed how much you have been turning in your sleep.

391
00:40:28,559 --> 00:40:30,799
It was as though you were lying on fire.

392
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Is this how a Caliph begins the first day in office?

393
00:40:35,519 --> 00:40:37,519
Atikah

394
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I fear for myself what will happen on the day when hearts and sights turn around.

395
00:40:44,000 --> 00:40:47,280
A man fears that God will question him about his household.

396
00:40:47,400 --> 00:40:50,160
How will I fare now that all Muslims depend on me?

397
00:40:50,280 --> 00:40:54,000
Seek God's help. You, Umar, are the one who is honest and strong.

398
00:40:55,039 --> 00:40:59,679
I don't know. I don't know.

399
00:41:01,559 --> 00:41:04,400
I fear that strength may be confused with hardness.

400
00:41:05,079 --> 00:41:10,960
I know that some of the Prophet's companions have feared my hardness.

401
00:41:11,079 --> 00:41:14,679
I certainly have the same fear.

402
00:41:16,719 --> 00:41:20,079
- What do you think, Atikah? - About what?

403
00:41:20,920 --> 00:41:22,639
My hardness.

404
00:41:25,920 --> 00:41:31,400
Your hardness is tamed by the fact that you are harder on yourself than on others,

405
00:41:31,519 --> 00:41:33,719
and that you use it only where it is right to use.

406
00:41:33,840 --> 00:41:36,519
Besides, you abide by what God has Revealed

407
00:41:36,639 --> 00:41:40,960
and you moderate it with forbearance and kindness where kindness is suitable.

408
00:41:41,079 --> 00:41:43,880
Go ahead and attend to your responsibility, Abu Hafs.

409
00:41:44,000 --> 00:41:46,679
God will not let you down.

410
00:41:46,800 --> 00:41:52,560
May God bless you, Atikah. You have eased some of my worries.

411
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Edited by: Ahmed Mersal. Proofread by: Doaa Timecoded by: Sanaa Yousrey.